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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communities_and_locations_in_Massena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communities_and_locations_in_Massena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Communities and locations in Massena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communities_and_locations_in_Massena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83)" title="ماسينا (نيويورك) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماسينا (نيويورك)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_Efrog_Newydd" title="Massena, Efrog Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Massena, Efrog Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena" title="Massena – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Massena" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena_(Nueva_York)" title="Massena (Nueva York) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Massena (Nueva York)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena_(New_York)" title="Massena (New York) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Massena (New York)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena_(New_York)" title="Massena (New York) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massena (New York)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena_(New_York)" title="Massena (New York) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massena (New York)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_New_York" title="Massena, New York – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Massena, New York" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Массина (мисто, Нью-Йорк) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Массина (мисто, Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena_(Nowy_Jork)" title="Massena (Nowy Jork) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Massena (Nowy Jork)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Массена (Нью-Йорк) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массена (Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_New_York" title="Massena, New York – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Massena, New York" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Масина (Њујорк) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Масина (Њујорк)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_New_York" title="Massena, New York – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Massena, New York" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena" title="Massena – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Massena" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_New_York" title="Massena, New York – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Massena, New York" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Массина (мисто, Нью-Йорк) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Массина (мисто, Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massena,_New_York" title="Massena, New York – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Massena, New York" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Массіна (місто, Нью-Йорк) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Массіна (місто, Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q723619#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massena,_New_York&params=44_57_39_N_74_50_02_W_region:US-NY_type:city(13,000)_dim:5000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°57′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°50′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.96083°N 74.83389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.96083; -74.83389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town of Massena, New York</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the village located within this town, see <a href="/wiki/Massena_(village),_New_York" title="Massena (village), New York">Massena (village), New York</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in New York, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Massena</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Mohawk-language text"><i lang="moh">Nikentsiake</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Mohawk_language" title="Mohawk language">Mohawk</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Town of Massena</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market,_Massena_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Massena City Hall and Farmer’s Market"><img alt="Massena City Hall and Farmer’s Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg/250px-City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg/375px-City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg/500px-City_Hall_and_Farmers%27_Market%2C_Massena_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Massena City Hall and Farmer’s Market</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Gateway to the Fourth Coast</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map highlighting Massena's location within St. Lawrence County."><img alt="Map highlighting Massena's location within St. Lawrence County." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png/194px-Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png" decoding="async" width="194" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png/291px-Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png/388px-Massena_NY_Locator_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="824" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map highlighting Massena's location within St. Lawrence County.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_York_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Massena is located in New York"><img alt="Massena is located in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/250px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/375px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_New_York_location_map.svg/500px-USA_New_York_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.783%;left:62.242%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Massena"><img alt="Massena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Massena</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the state of New York</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massena,_New_York&params=44_57_39_N_74_50_02_W_region:US-NY_type:city(13,000)_dim:5000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°57′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°50′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.96083°N 74.83389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.96083; -74.83389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1802</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Town council: Thomas Miller, Adrian Taraska, Deb Willer</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Town_supervisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Town supervisor">Town supervisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sue Bellor</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Town Supervisor</th><td class="infobox-data">Patrick Facteau</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">56.14 sq mi (145.42 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">44.34 sq mi (114.85 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">11.80 sq mi (30.56 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">200 ft (61 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,433</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern (EST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ZIP Code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">13662</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_315" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 315">315</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US3608946030">36-46030</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/979205">"Town of Massena"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Town+of+Massena&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F979205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://massena.us/">massena<wbr />.us</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Massena</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">town</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence County</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States. Massena is along the county's northern border, just south of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Three_Nations_Crossing" title="Three Nations Crossing">Three Nations Crossing</a> of the Canada–United States border. The population was 12,433 at the 2020 census.<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of Massena contains a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">village</a> also named <a href="/wiki/Massena_(village),_New_York" title="Massena (village), New York">Massena</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massena was established in 1792 by Anable Faucher. The settlement was initially called <i>Nikentsiake</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Indians">Mohawk Indians</a>, translating to "where the fish live."<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massena was one of the first towns settled in St. Lawrence county, but was not incorporated until 1802 when it was formed from the town of <a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_New_York" title="Lisbon, New York">Lisbon</a>. The town and its village are named after <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>, a general and <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Empire" title="Marshal of the Empire">Marshal</a> to Napoleon during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town boasted the Massena Springs, a pair of sulfur springs, one hot and the other cold, reputed to possess healing powers known to the Native Americans before European settlement. In 1820, an Army veteran, Captain John Polley, hoping to capitalize on the properties, opened a hotel and began to advertise them. By 1858, three hotels, numerous rental cottages, a bathing house, and a plant that bottled and sold the spring water, had been built. By about 1900, the Springs' status as a popular resort had faded.<sup id="cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParhamGreatWilderness-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up until the 1880s, the town was predominantly agricultural, mainly home to butter and cheese production.<sup id="cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParhamGreatWilderness-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first small mills were built in the 1830s, harnessing the <a href="/wiki/Grasse_River" title="Grasse River">Grasse River</a> to turn their wheels. They included a saw mill, stone-cutter, and a tannery. In 1833, New York State Legislature approved a canal that would bypass a troublesome rapids hindering navigation on the St. Lawrence by linking the Grasse and St. Lawrence Rivers. However, the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North American</a> government preempted this project by building the <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Canal" title="Cornwall Canal">Cornwall Canal</a> on the Canadian side of the River, completed in 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParhamGreatWilderness-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ParhamSeaway_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParhamSeaway-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Massena_Canal" title="Massena Canal">Massena Canal</a> project was revived at the end of the century and completed in 1898, finally connecting the Grasse River and St. Lawrence River. A powerhouse built in 1900 provided hydroelectric power to the town.<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GrasseRiver_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrasseRiver-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new canal attracted the Pittsburgh Reduction Company (later <a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a>). This influx of industry workers transformed former health retreat hotels into housing for the burgeoning workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Massena Power Canal was closed in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-GrasseRiver_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrasseRiver-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928 the town was the scene of the antisemitic <a href="/wiki/Massena_blood_libel" title="Massena blood libel">Massena blood libel</a>. The town's <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> were falsely accused of <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ritual_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual murder">ritual murder</a> of a girl.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Power_Authority" title="New York Power Authority">New York Power Authority</a> was established, leading to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Moses-Saunders_Power_Dam" title="Moses-Saunders Power Dam">St. Lawrence-Franklin D. Roosevelt Power Project</a>. Spanning the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, the hydropower plant was capable of generating over 900,000 kilowatts of electricity. Simultaneously, the 1950s witnessed the development of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a>, a monumental American-Canadian navigational project. This system of locks and gates facilitated the movement of boats through the river, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. With the completion of the Seaway and Power Project, Massena experienced a significant expansion at the Alcoa plant, solidifying its status as the oldest continuously operating aluminum production facility in the Western Hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1980s saw the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Centre_Mall" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lawrence Centre Mall">St. Lawrence Centre Mall</a> and St. Lawrence strip mall complex, fostering a regional retail hub, attracting Canadian shoppers.<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town suffered natural disasters in the <a href="/wiki/1944_Cornwall%E2%80%93Massena_earthquake" title="1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake">1944 Cornwall-Massena earthquake</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/January_1998_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 1998 North American ice storm">January 1998 North American ice storm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massena is located just south of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Grasse_River" title="Grasse River">Grasse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racquette_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Racquette River">Racquette</a> rivers pass through town.<sup id="cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massena has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Dfb</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Massena, New York (<a href="/wiki/Massena_International_Airport" title="Massena International Airport">Massena International Airport</a>) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(10.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6<br />(9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.1<br />(25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.6<br />(30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.3<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.2<br />(32.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.2<br />(30.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.2<br />(12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.4<br />(33.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(−3.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(−2.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7<br />(12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.5<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(7.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.6<br />(12.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(−9.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(−7.9) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(−1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.9<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8<br />(18.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.5<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(−4.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.1<br />(6.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(−14.5) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(−13.7) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(−7.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.2<br />(14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2<br />(13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.8<br />(8.8) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(−2.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(−9.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.6<br />(0.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−20.0<br />(−28.9) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−16.2<br />(−26.8) </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(−20.4) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(−7.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(−1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(−5.2) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(−12.4) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(−23.1) </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22.7<br />(−30.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−44<br />(−42) </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38<br />(−39) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26<br />(−32) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(−14) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9<br />(−23) </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33<br />(−36) </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−44<br />(−42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.11<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.58<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.04<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.91<br />(74) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.14<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.71<br />(94) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.46<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.36<br />(85) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.50<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.43<br />(87) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.59<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.09<br />(53) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.92<br />(862) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">145.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern town's economy is centered on power production, the commerce of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">Alcoa</a> Aluminum plant, the world's longest continually operating aluminum facility.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcoa employs over 600 people at its facilities in Massena. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Power_Authority" title="New York Power Authority">New York Power Authority</a> now operates a hydroelectric power generating dam, the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence-FDR_Power_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lawrence-FDR Power Project">St. Lawrence-FDR Power Project</a>, on the St. Lawrence River adjacent to Massena. Curran Renewable Energy manufactures wood pellet fuel and mulch in the town. Massena is also home to the Eisenhower and Snell Locks, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships and vessels to pass through the St. Lawrence River and on to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>. </p><p>While on November 2, 2015, Alcoa announced the idling of the smelter at its "Alcoa West" plant, the facility remained open through negotiations with New York State, and 400 jobs were saved until 2019. The Forgings and Extrusions facilities at Alcoa West were unaffected. The changes resulted in the loss of 487 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was estimated in 2013 that nearly 30% of Massena residents live below the poverty line.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Lawrence County's poverty rate is higher than both the state and federal rates and ranks the 5th highest in New York State. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>944</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>2,070</td><td></td><td>119.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>2,726</td><td></td><td>31.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>2,870</td><td></td><td>5.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,925</td><td></td><td>1.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,560</td><td></td><td>−12.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>2,739</td><td></td><td>7.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>2,740</td><td></td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>3,904</td><td></td><td>42.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>4,806</td><td></td><td>23.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>8,975</td><td></td><td>86.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>12,029</td><td></td><td>34.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>12,979</td><td></td><td>7.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>17,937</td><td></td><td>38.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>21,346</td><td></td><td>19.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>16,021</td><td></td><td>−24.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>14,856</td><td></td><td>−7.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>13,826</td><td></td><td>−6.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>13,121</td><td></td><td>−5.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>12,883</td><td></td><td>−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>12,433</td><td></td><td>−3.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massena,_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg/220px-Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg/330px-Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg/440px-Massena%2C_NY_Water_tower_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>The town's water tower.</figcaption></figure> <p>By 2012 industrial employment had declined and there were 10,357 people in the town, down from 16,021 in 1970. </p><p>As of the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a><sup id="cite_ref-GR2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2000, there were 13,121 people, 2,510 households, and 3,454 families residing in the town. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 293.7 inhabitants per square mile (113.4/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 5,880 housing units at an average density of 131.6 units per square mile (50.8 units/km<sup>2</sup>). The town's racial makeup was 96.80% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 0.30% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">Black</a> or <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">African American</a>, 1.25% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.41% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.03% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.18% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and .02% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 0.83% of the population. </p><p>There were 5,510 households, of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.67. </p><p>In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males. </p><p>The town's median household income was $58,391, and the median family income was $62,696. Males had a median income of $48,484 versus $46,819 for females. The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> was $25,111. About 6.9% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 1.8% of those age 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communities_and_locations_in_Massena">Communities and locations in Massena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Communities and locations in Massena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Barnhardt Island</b> – An <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> in the St. Lawrence River northeast of Massena village. The island is at the international border and is the northernmost point of land in New York.</li> <li><b>Long Sault Island ("Isle au Long Saut")</b> – An island in the St. Lawrence River north of Massena village.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massena_(village),_New_York" title="Massena (village), New York">Massena</a></b> – A village at the western town line on both banks of the Grasse River.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massena_Center,_New_York" title="Massena Center, New York">Massena Center</a></b> – A <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Hamlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">hamlet</a> northeast of Massena village.</li> <li><b>Massena Power Canal</b> – A waterway connecting the Grasse River to the St. Lawrence River.</li> <li><b>Massena Springs</b> – A hamlet south of Massena village by the <a href="/wiki/Raquette_River" title="Raquette River">Raquette River</a>. The community was the site of health resorts and hotels based on sulphurous spring water.</li> <li><b>Raquette River</b> – A hamlet east of Massena village by the Raquette River. It was first settled <i>circa</i> 1804.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses_State_Park_-_Thousand_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Moses State Park - Thousand Islands">Robert Moses State Park</a></b> – A <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state park</a> in the northern part of the town.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rooseveltown,_New_York" title="Rooseveltown, New York">Rooseveltown</a></b> – A hamlet near the eastern town line by the Raquette River.</li> <li><b>Wiley Dondero Canal</b> – A waterway constructed as part of the St. Lawrence power project.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both the entire village, and almost all of the town of Massena are served by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena_Central_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massena Central School District (page does not exist)">Massena Central School District</a>, which also serves most of the <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_New_York" title="Louisville, New York">Town of Louisville</a>, and portions of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_New_York" title="Norfolk, New York">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brasher,_New_York" title="Brasher, New York">Brasher</a> towns. Additionally, it contains a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Akwesasne" title="Akwesasne">Akwesasne</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemsus-designated_place&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemsus-designated place (page does not exist)">cemsus-designated place</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-StLawrenceCoNYSDMap2020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StLawrenceCoNYSDMap2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/St._Regis_Mohawk_Reservation" title="St. Regis Mohawk Reservation">St. Regis Mohawk Reservation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Jefferson Elementary School (K-6)</li> <li>Madison Elementary School (K-6)</li> <li>Nightengale Elementary School (K-6)</li> <li>J. William Leary Junior High School (7–8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massena_Central_High_School" title="Massena Central High School">Massena Central High School</a> (9–12)</li> <li>Trinity Catholic School (K-6)</li> <li>Holy Name of Jesus Academy (K-12)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_37" title="New York State Route 37">New York State Route 37</a>, a northeast–southwest highway, passes along the outskirts of the town. The town is served by <a href="/wiki/Massena_International_Airport" title="Massena International Airport">Massena International Airport</a>, east of Massena village, south of NY-37. <a href="/wiki/Trailways_of_New_York" title="Trailways of New York">Trailways of New York</a> provides bus service from Massena to <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town had until 1961 been the terminus for <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> (NYC) sleeping car passenger service on its <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Division_(NYC)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lawrence Division (NYC)">St. Lawrence Division</a>; the last sleepers came in from the NYC's <i>Iroquois</i> and the outgoing sleeper fed into the <i>New York Special.</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final run of regular local trains into the town was in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMSA" title="WMSA">1340 WMSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVLF" title="WVLF">WVLF-FM Mix 96.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRCD" title="WRCD">WRCD-FM 101.5 The Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYBG" title="WYBG">WYBG</a> – AM 1050 (defunct as of June 30, 2015)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massena was a location featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Me,_Myself_%26_Irene" title="Me, Myself & Irene">Me, Myself & Irene</a></i>, released in 2000, starring <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a>. </p><p>Massena was a location featured in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Frozen_River" title="Frozen River">Frozen River</a></i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/For_Ellen" title="For Ellen">For Ellen</a></i>, released in 2012, was filmed in Massena and the surrounding area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_D._Andrews" title="Avery D. Andrews">Avery D. Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Bissell" title="William G. Bissell">William G. Bissell</a>, Wisconsin State Senator, merchant, salesman and farmer, was born in Massena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Bissonnette" title="Stephanie Bissonnette">Stephanie Bissonnette</a>, dancer and choreographer known for her role in the original Broadway production of the musical <i>Mean Girls</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Bogosian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron Bogosian">Aaron Bogosian</a>, former <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Bogosian" title="Zach Bogosian">Zach Bogosian</a>, National Hockey League player on the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Wild" title="Minnesota Wild">Minnesota Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Danko" title="Gary Danko">Gary Danko</a>, chef</li> <li>Timothy Fay, Lieutenant General, United States Air Force</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Deshaies" title="Jim Deshaies">Jim Deshaies</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player, <a href="/wiki/Color_commentator" title="Color commentator">television color analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follett_Johnson" title="Follett Johnson">Follett Johnson</a>, Medal of Honor recipient</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hurlbut" title="Mike Hurlbut">Mike Hurlbut</a>, retired professional hockey player, collegiate ice hockey coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">Bid McPhee</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player and member of the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Baseball_Encyclopedia_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baseball_Encyclopedia-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_N._Polley" title="Horace N. Polley">Horace N. Polley</a>, Wisconsin State Assemblyman and farmer, was born in Massena<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_Reed_(politician)" title="Myron Reed (politician)">Myron Reed</a>, Wisconsin State Senator and lawyer, was born in Massena.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Smith_(actor)" title="Hal Smith (actor)">Hal Smith</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-More_than_Otis:_No_Bull!_A_Salute_to_Hollywood_Actor_Hal_J._Smith_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More_than_Otis:_No_Bull!_A_Salute_to_Hollywood_Actor_Hal_J._Smith-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>, Napoleonic general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massena,_Iowa" title="Massena, Iowa">Massena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, another community, named after Massena, NY</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_36.txt">"2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2016_Gazetteer%2F2016_gaz_place_36.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/massenatownstlawrencecountynewyork/PST045216">"Census Bureau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Bureau&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fmassenatownstlawrencecountynewyork%2FPST045216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census.gov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">US Census Results, 2020, Massena town, New York <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/massenatownstlawrencecountynewyork">https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/massenatownstlawrencecountynewyork</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MassenaHistory-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassenaHistory_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://massena.us/173/History">"History"</a>. Massena, New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021223946/https://massena.us/173/History">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Massena%2C+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmassena.us%2F173%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/summary/976634">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. United States Geographic Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geographic+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsummary%2F976634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannett1905" class="citation book cs1">Gannett, Henry (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n201">202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Certain+Place+Names+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Gannett&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParhamGreatWilderness-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParhamGreatWilderness_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParham2013" class="citation book cs1">Parham, Claire Puccia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/184018/pdf"><i>From Great Wilderness to Seaway Towns: A Comparative History of Cornwall, Ontario, and Massena, New York, 1784–2001</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791485675" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791485675"><bdi>978-0791485675</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Great+Wilderness+to+Seaway+Towns%3A+A+Comparative+History+of+Cornwall%2C+Ontario%2C+and+Massena%2C+New+York%2C+1784%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0791485675&rft.aulast=Parham&rft.aufirst=Claire+Puccia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F184018%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParhamSeaway-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParhamSeaway_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParham2009" class="citation book cs1">Parham, Claire (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QianpYfQRaEC&pg=PA3"><i>The St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project: An Oral History of the Greatest Construction Show on Earth</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-5102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-5102-4"><bdi>978-0-8156-5102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+St.+Lawrence+Seaway+and+Power+Project%3A+An+Oral+History+of+the+Greatest+Construction+Show+on+Earth&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-5102-4&rft.aulast=Parham&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQianpYfQRaEC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrasseRiver-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GrasseRiver_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GrasseRiver_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125082458/http://www.thegrasseriver.com/about_river.html">"grasse river project"</a>. <i>Thegrassriver.com</i>. massena ny. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegrasseriver.com/about_river.html">the original</a> on November 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thegrassriver.com&rft.atitle=grasse+river+project&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegrasseriver.com%2Fabout_river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinnerstein1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Dinnerstein" title="Leonard Dinnerstein">Dinnerstein, Leonard</a> (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antisemitisminam0000dinn_n3t8"><i>Antisemitism in America</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antisemitisminam0000dinn_n3t8/page/101">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510112-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510112-X"><bdi>0-19-510112-X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+in+America&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-510112-X&rft.aulast=Dinnerstein&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantisemitisminam0000dinn_n3t8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917050758/http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=288">"The Massena Blood Libel"</a>—American Jewish Historical Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=btv">"NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOWData+-+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2FClimate%3Fwfo%3Dbtv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/#dataset=normals-monthly&timeframe=30&station=USW00094725">"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Monthly+Normals+1991-2020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fus-climate-normals%2F%23dataset%3Dnormals-monthly%26timeframe%3D30%26station%3DUSW00094725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/24/business/mall-retail.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0">"Massena economy tries to recover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Massena+economy+tries+to+recover&rft.date=2017-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F24%2Fbusiness%2Fmall-retail.html%3Fhp%26action%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26clickSource%3Dstory-heading%26module%3Dsecond-column-region%26region%3Dtop-news%26WT.nav%3Dtop-news%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://northcountrynow.com/business/alcoa-idle-smelter-massenas-alcoa-west-will-not-modernize-east-plant-spite-deal-state-01566">"Alcoa to idle smelter at Massena's Alcoa West, will not modernize east plant in spite of deal with state | NorthCountryNow"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcoa+to+idle+smelter+at+Massena%27s+Alcoa+West%2C+will+not+modernize+east+plant+in+spite+of+deal+with+state+%26%23124%3B+NorthCountryNow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnorthcountrynow.com%2Fbusiness%2Falcoa-idle-smelter-massenas-alcoa-west-will-not-modernize-east-plant-spite-deal-state-01566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/poverty/poverty-Massena-New-York.html">"Massena, New York (NY) poverty rate data - information about poor and low-income residents living in this city"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massena%2C+New+York+%28NY%29+poverty+rate+data+-+information+about+poor+and+low-income+residents+living+in+this+city&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fpoverty%2Fpoverty-Massena-New-York.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StLawrenceCoNYSDMap2020-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StLawrenceCoNYSDMap2020_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36089_st_lawrence/DC20SD_C36089.pdf">"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: St. Lawrence County, NY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+CENSUS+-+SCHOOL+DISTRICT+REFERENCE+MAP%3A+St.+Lawrence+County%2C+NY&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst36_ny%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc36089_st_lawrence%2FDC20SD_C36089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36089_st_lawrence/DC20SD_C36089_SD2MS.txt">Text list</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trailways.com/schedules/bus-from-massena-ny-to-new-york-ny/">"Bus between Massena, Watertown & New York City | Trailways of New York"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bus+between+Massena%2C+Watertown+%26+New+York+City+%7C+Trailways+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrailways.com%2Fschedules%2Fbus-from-massena-ny-to-new-york-ny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maiken, Peter. <i>Night Trains</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989, p. 41. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801845031" title="Special:BookSources/9780801845031">9780801845031</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York Central timetable, Apr. 1961, Table 18 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0461.pdf">http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0461.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">April 1964 New York Central timetable <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf">http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF"Memorial,_Avery_D._Andrews_1886"" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221222450/http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/3110/">"Memorial, Avery D. Andrews 1886"</a>. <i>apps.westpointaog.org/</i>. West Point, NY: West Point Association of Graduates. 1959. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.westpointaog.org/Memorials/Article/3110/">the original</a> on February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.westpointaog.org%2F&rft.atitle=Memorial%2C+Avery+D.+Andrews+1886&rft.date=1959&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.westpointaog.org%2FMemorials%2FArticle%2F3110%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Baseball_Encyclopedia-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Baseball_Encyclopedia_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichler,_Joseph_L.1979" class="citation book cs1">Reichler, Joseph L., ed. (1979) [1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baseballencyclop00reic"><i>The Baseball Encyclopedia</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-578970-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-578970-8"><bdi>0-02-578970-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baseball+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-02-578970-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbaseballencyclop00reic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Wisconsin Blue Book 1899</i>, Biographical Sketch of Horace N. Polley, p. 770</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-More_than_Otis:_No_Bull!_A_Salute_to_Hollywood_Actor_Hal_J._Smith-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-More_than_Otis:_No_Bull!_A_Salute_to_Hollywood_Actor_Hal_J._Smith_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaud,_John_D._III2004" class="citation book cs1">Michaud, John D. III, ed. (2004) [2004]. <i>More than Otis: No Bull! A Salute to Hollywood Actor Hal J. Smith</i> (1st ed.). Massena, New York: Stubbs Printing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+than+Otis%3A+No+Bull%21+A+Salute+to+Hollywood+Actor+Hal+J.+Smith&rft.place=Massena%2C+New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Stubbs+Printing&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassena%2C+New+York" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massena,_New_York&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.rays-place.com/ny/massena-ny.htm">Early Massena history</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>—Rays-Place.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112050113/http://northcountrynow.com/hometown-photos/default.asp?a=Massena&p=12">Massena information</a>—NorthCountryNow.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mymassena.com">mymassena.com</a>—Massena Local Online Community</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fasprintmaps.com/maps/ny/massena/index.html">Massena Historic Map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.pinimg.com/236x/b1/c3/15/b1c31572771f3fc947d35a4ab0963ccd.jpg">Photo of Massena depot of the New York Central</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_St._Lawrence_County,_New_York,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="Template:St. Lawrence County, New York"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="Template talk:St. Lawrence County, New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Lawrence County, New York"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_St._Lawrence_County,_New_York,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York"><span class="region">St. Lawrence County, New York</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Canton_(village),_New_York" title="Canton (village), New York"><span>Canton</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#City" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogdensburg,_New_York" title="Ogdensburg, New York">Ogdensburg</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg/180px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg/270px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg/360px-Map_of_New_York_highlighting_St._Lawrence_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="838" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brasher,_New_York" title="Brasher, New York">Brasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_New_York" title="Canton, New York">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare,_New_York" title="Clare, New York">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_New_York" title="Clifton, New York">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_New_York" title="Colton, New York">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Kalb,_New_York" title="De Kalb, New York">De Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Peyster,_New_York" title="De Peyster, New York">De Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards,_New_York" title="Edwards, New York">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine,_New_York" title="Fine, New York">Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowler,_New_York" title="Fowler, New York">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur,_New_York" title="Gouverneur, New York">Gouverneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond,_New_York" title="Hammond, New York">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermon,_New_York" title="Hermon, New York">Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinton,_New_York" title="Hopkinton, New York">Hopkinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="Lawrence, St. Lawrence County, New York">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_New_York" title="Lisbon, New York">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_New_York" title="Louisville, New York">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb,_New_York" title="Macomb, New York">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid,_New_York" title="Madrid, New York">Madrid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Morristown (town), New York">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_New_York" title="Norfolk, New York">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswegatchie,_New_York" title="Oswegatchie, New York">Oswegatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishville,_New_York" title="Parishville, New York">Parishville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piercefield,_New_York" title="Piercefield, New York">Piercefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrepont,_New_York" title="Pierrepont, New York">Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn,_New_York" title="Pitcairn, New York">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam,_New_York" title="Potsdam, New York">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossie,_New_York" title="Rossie, New York">Rossie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell,_New_York" title="Russell, New York">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm,_New_York" title="Stockholm, New York">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddington,_New_York" title="Waddington, New York">Waddington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(village),_New_York" title="Canton (village), New York">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_(village),_New_York" title="Gouverneur (village), New York">Gouverneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_(village),_New_York" title="Hammond (village), New York">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuvelton,_New_York" title="Heuvelton, New York">Heuvelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massena_(village),_New_York" title="Massena (village), New York">Massena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_New_York" title="Norwood, New York">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_(village),_New_York" title="Potsdam (village), New York">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Falls,_New_York" title="Rensselaer Falls, New York">Rensselaer Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richville,_New_York" title="Richville, New York">Richville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddington_(village),_New_York" title="Waddington (village), New York">Waddington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Census-designated_place" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akwesasne" title="Akwesasne">Akwesasne</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasher_Falls,_New_York" title="Brasher Falls, New York">Brasher Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton_(CDP),_New_York" title="Colton (CDP), New York">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Lake,_New_York" title="Cranberry Lake, New York">Cranberry Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_Junction,_New_York" title="DeKalb Junction, New York">DeKalb Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_(CDP),_New_York" title="Edwards (CDP), New York">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailesboro,_New_York" title="Hailesboro, New York">Hailesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannawa_Falls,_New_York" title="Hannawa Falls, New York">Hannawa Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermon_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Hermon (hamlet), New York">Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_(CDP),_New_York" title="Madrid (CDP), New York">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_(CDP),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Morristown (CDP), New York">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_(CDP),_New_York" title="Norfolk (CDP), New York">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishville_(CDP),_New_York" title="Parishville (CDP), New York">Parishville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Lake,_New_York" title="Star Lake, New York">Star Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_New_York" title="Winthrop, New York">Winthrop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Hamlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">Hamlets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brier_Hill,_New_York" title="Brier Hill, New York">Brier Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Mills,_New_York" title="Chase Mills, New York">Chase Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childwold,_New_York" title="Childwold, New York">Childwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_Bay,_New_York" title="Chippewa Bay, New York">Chippewa Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crary_Mills,_New_York" title="Crary Mills, New York">Crary Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_New_York" title="Helena, New York">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massena_Center,_New_York" title="Massena Center, New York">Massena Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley,_New_York" title="Morley, New York">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Falls,_New_York" title="Newton Falls, New York">Newton Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrites,_New_York" title="Pyrites, New York">Pyrites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymondville,_New_York" title="Raymondville, New York">Raymondville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooseveltown,_New_York" title="Rooseveltown, New York">Rooseveltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Colton,_New_York" title="South Colton, New York">South Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanakena,_New_York" title="Wanakena, New York">Wanakena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Stockholm,_New_York" title="West Stockholm, New York">West Stockholm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)"><span>New York portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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