CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://try.abtasty.com/1815f4bcb7f984090f9f3450ffb107c9.js"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PX5XDBN');</script>  <script defer src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/bluebird/3.5.0/bluebird.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fetch/2.0.3/fetch.js"></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="Welcome to the world of investing! While you may be here thinking you have never invested before, you could already be investing and not even know it. Whether you’re new to investing or need a refresher, we’ve got information to help you get started." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.finra.org/investors/investing/investing-basics" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/investor-ed-rev2022-iStock1266858245-3870x1845.jpg" /> <meta name="google" content="p6aFpyERRdC4Ror_K0mTRRtXKjAsz35RTQl_MDv_nNg" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Investing Basics" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Welcome to the world of investing! While you may be here thinking you have never invested before, you could already be investing and not even know it. Whether you’re new to investing or need a refresher, we’ve got information to help you get started." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/investor-ed-rev2022-iStock1266858245-3870x1845.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"d7b664b4b4",applicationID:"486102969"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.exclude_services = [ 'linkedin', 'facebook', 'twitter', 'email', 'amazon_wish_list', 'aol_mail', 'balatarin', 'bibsonomy', 'bitty_browser', 'blogger', 'blogmarks', 'bookmarks_fr', 'box_net', 'buffer', 'citeulike', 'copy_link', 'diary_ru', 'diaspora', 'digg', 'diigo', 'douban', 'draugiem', 'evernote', 'fark', 'flipboard', 'folkd', 'google_gmail', 'google_classroom', 'hacker_news', 'hatena', 'houzz', 'instapaper', 'known', 'line', 'livejournal', 'mail_ru', 'mendeley', 'meneame', 'mewe', 'mixi', 'myspace', 'odnoklassniki', 'outlook_com', 'papaly', 'pinboard', 'pinterest', 'plurk', 'pocket', 'print', 'printfriendly', 'pusha', 'kindle_it', 'qzone', 'rediff', 'refind', 'sina_weibo', 'sitejot', 'skype', 'slashdot', 'sms', 'snapchat', 'svejo', 'symbaloo_bookmarks', 'telegram', 'threema', 'trello', 'tumblr', 'twiddla', 'typepad_post', 'viber', 'vk', 'wechat', 'wordpress', 'wykop', 'xing', 'yahoo_mail', 'yummly' ];</script> <title>Investing Basics | FINRA.org</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_X35dPCoJM-8k1UaRGFFJ3xZrO5ykHDRd7fkTA7UxZjI.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/v4-shims.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_4FlG3mvF_qSrdKztu7pFNjsfHYHRFraOARteqnfNvyE.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.typekit.net/nba4hvp.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kOVSrKsI0tVTTBq-iefInIqMdDDbu79EQa7Yz2isYRo.css?delta=7&language=en&theme=finra_bootstrap_sass&include=eJyNUltuhDAMvBCQw1TqL3KIs7hN4sgOS7OnLyDoQ4W2P9bYM4onI3tKAr1lLloEcq-gagbmV8J2CEtDngYoxKkB5wpDquYAnRdOpfFLgRmVI5ovuJvRrq3-Keh0pNho1YLRWFBsPv1YECE2t8AWQqulBkq3xp-5_o-GMyaFpBcvoBb4udwKghtkirbRKaN40tF8oH7kOwqlgksWZ_yCMittGV7wKDpZPWNPolhN9r9_BHJuXU0QaWgFM0tZE7kTzmq22kV2U1iCDvCoxhJ38AJv3xTb4CpoVZD6vOrOJYIDx4jJoXsK5FCOTWvdcWBwO8wcqqcQ9nY7vEBaDlo4kh5uBfyOlgPK72MKGUQ" /> </head> <body class="layout-two-sidebars page-node-329526">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PX5XDBN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper" class="page--type-article"> <div id="page"> <header id="Finra_homepage_header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header"> <div class="secondary-new-header"> <div class="secondary-header-row row"> <div class="secondary-menu" id = "desk_menu_sec"> <section class="region region-secondary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="top-header-form"> <section class="region region-top-header-form"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-loginoverlaynewhomepage-2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="test" aria-controls="loginCollapse" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="collapse" href="#loginCollapse" id="login-icon" role="button"><p><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M304 128a80 80 0 1 0 -160 0 80 80 0 1 0 160 0zM96 128a128 128 0 1 1 256 0A128 128 0 1 1 96 128zM49.3 464H398.7c-8.9-63.3-63.3-112-129-112H178.3c-65.7 0-120.1 48.7-129 112zM0 482.3C0 383.8 79.8 304 178.3 304h91.4C368.2 304 448 383.8 448 482.3c0 16.4-13.3 29.7-29.7 29.7H29.7C13.3 512 0 498.7 0 482.3z"></path></svg></p></div><div class="collapse" id="loginCollapse"><div class="login-responsive"> </div><div class="login-row" layout="row"><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For the Public</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1">FINRA DATA</a></p><p class="login-desc">FINRA Data provides non-commercial use of data, specifically the ability to save data views and create and manage a Bond Watchlist.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Industry Professionals</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/">FINPRO</a></p><p class="login-desc">Registered representatives can fulfill Continuing Education requirements, view their industry CRD record and perform other compliance tasks.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Member Firms</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/">FINRA GATEWAY</a></p><p class="login-desc">Firm compliance professionals can access filings and requests, run reports and submit support tickets.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Case Participants</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/">DR PORTAL</a></p><p class="login-desc">Arbitration and mediation case participants and FINRA neutrals can view case information and submit documents through this Dispute Resolution Portal.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div></div><div class="login-fourth"><p class="need-help" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/cc_support/">Need Help?</a> | <a href="/systems-status/">Check System Status</a></p><p class="other-systems" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement/systems">Log In to other FINRA systems</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container region-second-header"> <div class="row"> <div class="page-header"> <section class="region region-header"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/sites/default/files/Finra_85th_logo_0.png" alt="Home" width="115px" height="42.5px" class="img-fluid d-inline-block align-top" /> </a> </section> </div> <div class="navbar-top"> <nav class="navbar navbar-dark bg-transparent" id="navbar-top"> <div class="header-menus col collapse" id="CollapsingNavbar"> <div class="primary-header-row row"> <div class="primary-menu"> <section class="region region-primary-menu"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-finrahomepagenavmegamenusnew" data-block-plugin-id="superfish:finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new" class="block block-superfish block-superfishfinra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new"> <div class="content"> <ul id="superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new" class="menu sf-menu sf-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new sf-horizontal sf-style-none"> <li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1b4d9607-2d0a-4ba3-a6e7-4a6b1cbb6e82--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Rules & Guidance">Rules & Guidance</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2b12b470-c7eb-4690-8fd4-f9b3e24e6e15--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 1">R&G Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content34143c81-286b-4cfe-96fd-1a36a135d75b--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/finra-manual" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="FINRA Manual">FINRA Manual</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3cd026de-017b-44ff-a42c-3d45c4adc2ba--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulebooks/updates" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Updates">Updates</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentcd534a29-dae6-4b27-954d-7f3f6aa5f95a--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/interpreting-rules" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Interpreting the Rules">Interpreting the Rules</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbfc59af9-883c-4ce9-9508-07a74a3dbac5--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/notices" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Notices">Notices</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta067da24-ce37-43a4-acbd-019db86020de--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/guidance" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Guidance">Guidance</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content157e31e2-c14b-4fd7-8e33-01515c4ba0bf--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/guidance/faqs" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Frequently Asked Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente44c49ed-a2d7-4660-8937-8285e50fc411--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/key-topics" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Key Topics">Key Topics</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta7c1dcca-4c7d-437a-a1ab-6f0b1aadb744--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/interpretive-questions" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Interpretive Questions">Interpretive Questions</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content16a886d5-41e2-4e4e-820c-8b43ad12cf92--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 2">R&G Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7bf9ad1b-48c9-46ea-aea1-0c8fedf6e76b--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulemaking-process" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="The Rulemaking Process">The Rulemaking Process</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbb8cb4dd-cc48-4206-9aa6-8c076743f2b9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rule-filings" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Rule Filings">Rule Filings</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0435d995-74bd-40da-b86a-40b62d41e5d9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/rule_filings/" class="sf-depth-4 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Rule Filing Status Report">Rule Filing Status Report</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5e4d2052-7c9f-43be-b9c9-b970f21d78fd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/requests-for-comments" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Requests for Comments">Requests for Comments</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content72741ca5-a482-40a7-ac2e-bfbcdb708594--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/rulebook-consolidation" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Rulebook Consolidation">Rulebook Consolidation</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content47861d1e-f84c-48aa-a39c-7a264303694d--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 3">R&G Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4d3988a6-9d3c-4b49-b08f-5ec10bd2378d--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Adjudications & Decisions">Adjudications & Decisions</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentda0fdb33-e0ea-4e1a-b92c-cf7a90128e9b--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions/national-adjudicatory-council-nac" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="National Adjudicatory Council (NAC)">National Adjudicatory Council (NAC)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf37f3677-c5e1-403d-a87c-288b022fc036--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/adjudication-decisions/office-hearing-officers-oho/about" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Office of Hearing Officers (OHO)">Office of Hearing Officers (OHO)</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content14293eb5-673b-4472-95fc-84c7b5a3c532--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/rules-guidance" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="R&G Section 4">R&G Section 4</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente040ccaf-750c-4e7a-b1ac-b527a3b29bc1--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/rules-guidance/enforcement" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Enforcement">Enforcement</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3160b9d2-e42d-4588-b87c-fdd986d234de--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.finra.org/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/disciplinary-actions-online" class="sf-depth-4 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Disciplinary Actions Online">Disciplinary Actions Online</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9bc2c3c1-6105-4a43-84e7-d3b87b38bbdd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/disciplinary-actions" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Monthly Disciplinary Actions">Monthly Disciplinary Actions</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentdcdce396-9e20-4fba-9cf9-7c1822af7b43--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-enforcement/sanction-guidelines" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Sanction Guidelines">Sanction Guidelines</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7ae8b495-7bbc-4713-a3d1-393e757a4f7a--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/rules-guidance/oversight-Oversight%20%26%20Enforcement/individuals-barred-finra" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Individuals Barred by FINRA">Individuals Barred by FINRA</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content568be8c6-2749-4b61-afa4-e1aef3056650--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration, Exams & CE">Registration, Exams & CE</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content743dcab1-fa12-4078-9425-f1e5f9d0519a--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration section 1">Registration section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4e8b3fa4-2b63-4dc6-9b06-3ec58bd3b6d6--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/registration" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration">Registration</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf6878ec3-2a37-4286-b0ff-51f38f2ea5fd--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/broker-dealers" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Broker Dealers">Broker Dealers</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0ecbf1ea-6ca0-4bc8-8e9b-59e7cba90a62--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/capital-acquisition-brokers" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Capital Acquisition Brokers">Capital Acquisition Brokers</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content01963f11-2411-4031-a5c9-8e73580648f3--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/funding-portals" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Funding Portals">Funding Portals</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content45b769ff-9b3c-4cbc-befb-79380e5b6014--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/individuals" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Individuals">Individuals</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentac0e3bb2-976c-4b6a-8fec-981489a9fdec--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Section 2">Registration Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5b603fc0-12c2-44c3-bb60-0db5f114a14f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Qualification Exams">Qualification Exams</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content63752dac-c460-4619-b75a-0544d39f9e21--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams/securities-industry-essentials-exam-sie" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Securities Industry Essentials Exam (SIE)">Securities Industry Essentials Exam (SIE)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenteba0ebc3-0134-40a1-869d-3a5a30f05306--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/qualification-exams/series7" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Series 7">Series 7</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1d435c60-0a5d-4ac1-baac-6feb68ac1aa4--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/continuing-education" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Continuing Education (CE)">Continuing Education (CE)</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content12708005-03a9-4813-a1c4-b79ccb575e00--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/continuing-education/regulatory-element-topics" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="View a Regulatory Element Learning Plan">View a Regulatory Element Learning Plan</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content87ac70da-476d-497b-bee4-39d65e59ea5f--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Section 3">Registration Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1f87e2bc-137c-4e76-ba12-921ac5400696--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/classic-crd" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Registration Systems">Registration Systems</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content74de55a6-970c-49a4-877f-6a3cd1584db9--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/classic-crd" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Classic CRD">Classic CRD</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentc425811e-6944-4643-9a4b-21222d7ed44e--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/finpro" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Financial Professional Gateway (FinPro)">Financial Professional Gateway (FinPro)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7afd209b-9193-484a-b160-9705bcd8e250--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/registration-exams-ce/financial-industry-networking-directory" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Financial Industry Networking Directory (FIND)">Financial Industry Networking Directory (FIND)</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentc47867f6-a419-4633-83aa-9fb4c8d8cda7--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/events-training" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Events & Training">Events & Training</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9cd640c1-feb7-4c4a-b67e-a3eaedacd028--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/events-training" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Events & Training Section 1">Events & Training Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf380a1ac-d9fd-45e2-8f15-32b96331c18f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/conferences-events" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Conferences & Events">Conferences & Events</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content9abdc27c-9497-426d-be8e-465a10d034ac--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/finra-georgetown" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="FINRA Institute at Georgetown">FINRA Institute at Georgetown</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content81cc3c6b-ad65-4627-8b34-69f4bb5d3e5e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/flex" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Financial Learning Experience (FLEX)">Financial Learning Experience (FLEX)</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content8febe617-8873-4d02-aca8-d13df4b6649e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/small-firms-information/small-firm-report" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Small Firm Conference Call">Small Firm Conference Call</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content911c7ec5-023c-4c98-953f-b121ff986fa3--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/events-training/webinars" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Webinars">Webinars</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf3f7bbdd-246d-45c1-af1c-960dc8ad074d--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/filing-reporting" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting">Filing & Reporting</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content296db8b3-7b22-4c23-a036-06be44277a69--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/filing-reporting" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting Section 1">Filing & Reporting Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf874a19d-557b-487f-88f1-3d84445f4bc9--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/finra-gateway" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="FINRA Gateway">FINRA Gateway</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf6c4c3c6-93c8-42cf-ab58-476a92d01380--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/systems-status" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Systems Status">Systems Status</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentd27e2150-fc22-4e07-98c1-2cce079184a8--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Entitlement Program">Entitlement Program</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content68c74d41-92b9-4e79-84e4-5c43beaf45dc--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/market-transparency-reporting" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Market Transparency Reporting Tools">Market Transparency Reporting Tools</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbb250ecd-0432-4ebc-bccf-a21e455fb617--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/regulatory-filing-systems" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Regulatory Filing Systems">Regulatory Filing Systems</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2de7e722-b3b2-471e-9cf2-587f649dd923--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/data-transfer-tools" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Data Transfer Tools">Data Transfer Tools</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentec6d9be1-8ac6-4071-890c-52838b5490a2--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/filing-reporting/e-bill" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="E-Bill">E-Bill</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentabdfc859-e1e4-4071-9b99-9535c132ee72--2" class="sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/compliance-tools" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools">Compliance Tools</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content318c9740-343f-48dd-a32e-600f8c817211--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/compliance-tools" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools Section 1">Compliance Tools Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2badcc82-a0ba-4813-a97b-5cde27a154a6--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="https://www.finra.org/compliance-tools/cybersecurity-checklist" class="sf-depth-3 sf-external" aria-labelledby="Cybersecurity Checklist">Cybersecurity Checklist</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7f6b440c-bc36-49c7-900b-1fe8e36909db--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/compliance-calendar" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Compliance Calendar">Compliance Calendar</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente0f11415-45ff-4cf1-925e-cf2b1f5cecf9--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/weekly-archive" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Weekly Update Email Archive">Weekly Update Email Archive</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content170de235-7c02-4852-984e-95eef4499125--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/compliance-tools/peer-2-peer-compliance-library" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Peer-2-Peer Compliance Library">Peer-2-Peer Compliance Library</a></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content8a617041-43a3-43ff-9f58-6a2615970d47--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-1 header menuparent"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors">For Investors</a><ul class="sf-multicolumn"><li class="sf-multicolumn-wrapper "><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content955b2de2-2baf-4187-9e39-086c21440220--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 1">For Investors Section 1</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1def6247-9eb1-41f1-a045-bbfc96316e74--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/insights" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Investor Insights">Investor Insights</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content0f5c83d6-0199-481c-bdb8-4215fffb4371--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="Tools & Calculators">Tools & Calculators</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content53f5080d-f916-4b0a-942e-129c5cf72090--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/personal-finance" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Personal Finance">Personal Finance</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7c320bbc-4fad-463a-97ee-024d99463fca--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/know-your-net-worth" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Net Worth">Net Worth</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content26f056cf-1b99-4c9d-a97c-18cc65a4eb22--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/control-spending-calculate-cash-flow" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Spending">Spending</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2c662e03-9e1f-4e44-80e6-aba99155f167--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/manage-your-debt" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Debt">Debt</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content2d5626b5-fe42-47bf-8088-a4996e53f73e--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/how-your-credit-score-impacts-your-financial-future" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Credit Scores">Credit Scores</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content5388280f-edc8-40b9-a071-e4d109117508--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/personal-finance/start-emergency-fund" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Emergency Funds">Emergency Funds</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content7d8f8a9d-8b19-4d7e-a8cd-586399b0e4f8--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 2">For Investors Section 2</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content64f29299-b56d-4976-9c4d-c4cd58f933ba--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/investing" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Investing">Investing</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content3d6bebd0-cfbc-4d39-88f9-a401f33f597e--2" class="active-trail sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics" class="is-active sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investing Basics">Investing Basics</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contente62ab252-c90e-43eb-b799-328c951f9680--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investment-products" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investment Products">Investment Products</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content4a8dd42d-00d4-4290-8ed4-e6224956af5f--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/investment-accounts" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investment Accounts">Investment Accounts</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf425f2b1-c2f1-4000-9bb7-2233a2298437--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/investing/working-with-investment-professional" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Working With an Investment Professional">Working With an Investment Professional</a></li></ol></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contenta983f7d0-3993-4f42-80d8-ed474e986f45--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Money">Protect Your Money</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content84745677-33ee-4917-b6d7-78f2d33ae64a--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/alerts" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Investor Alerts">Investor Alerts</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentbabb7a34-330b-432a-9c7a-3aed86cab6b3--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Ask and Check">Ask and Check</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content75981642-a29c-4c2f-a04a-268dd98fd524--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/avoid-fraud" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Avoid Fraud">Avoid Fraud</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content773fb0c7-df7e-422b-a8f0-3689c3f58683--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/protect-your-money/protect-your-identity" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Identity">Protect Your Identity</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf03d2691-6592-4649-b41d-6652712ef3d0--2" class="sf-depth-2 header sf-multicolumn-column menuparent"><div class="sf-multicolumn-column"><a href="/investors" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent" aria-labelledby="For Investors Section 3">For Investors Section 3</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentb0c88306-2bd6-4078-8a56-8766b2affe7f--2" class="sf-depth-3 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/military" class="sf-depth-3" aria-labelledby="For the Military">For the Military</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content1b13b9ef-e483-4cb3-bce6-a5e1069fc45e--2" class="sf-depth-3 header menuparent"><a href="/investors/need-help" class="sf-depth-3 menuparent" aria-labelledby="Need Help?">Need Help?</a><ol><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentf4bc73f1-2d52-4a24-9c44-7d956273b8fb--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/file-a-complaint" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="File a Complaint">File a Complaint</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentcca58141-8642-401c-acd4-a857dae74c57--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/helpline-seniors" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="FINRA Securities Helpline for Seniors">FINRA Securities Helpline for Seniors</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-contentb8670cad-ba33-4aff-a609-45c82362ed80--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/arbitration-mediation" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Dispute Resolution">Dispute Resolution</a></li><li id="finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new-menu-link-content6b4ead9c-d440-41c5-af0b-aa0f20f66919--2" class="sf-depth-4 header sf-no-children"><a href="/investors/need-help/legitimate-avenues-recovery-investment-losses" class="sf-depth-4" aria-labelledby="Avenues for Recovery of Losses">Avenues for Recovery of Losses</a></li></ol></li></ol></div></li></ol></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <hr> <div id="mob_menu_sec" class="secondary-menu" style = "display:none"> <section class="region region-secondary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="region region-top-header-form"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-loginoverlaynewhomepage-2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9" class="block block-block-content block-block-content5f737dd3-a3ee-4d2a-b891-e115158ec6d9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="test" aria-controls="loginCollapse" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="collapse" href="#loginCollapse" id="login-icon" role="button"><p><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M304 128a80 80 0 1 0 -160 0 80 80 0 1 0 160 0zM96 128a128 128 0 1 1 256 0A128 128 0 1 1 96 128zM49.3 464H398.7c-8.9-63.3-63.3-112-129-112H178.3c-65.7 0-120.1 48.7-129 112zM0 482.3C0 383.8 79.8 304 178.3 304h91.4C368.2 304 448 383.8 448 482.3c0 16.4-13.3 29.7-29.7 29.7H29.7C13.3 512 0 498.7 0 482.3z"></path></svg></p></div><div class="collapse" id="loginCollapse"><div class="login-responsive"> </div><div class="login-row" layout="row"><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For the Public</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1">FINRA DATA</a></p><p class="login-desc">FINRA Data provides non-commercial use of data, specifically the ability to save data views and create and manage a Bond Watchlist.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://ews.finra.org/auth/logon?realm=ews&goto=https%3A//gateway.finra.org/app/data%3FrcpRedirNum%3D1"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Industry Professionals</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/">FINPRO</a></p><p class="login-desc">Registered representatives can fulfill Continuing Education requirements, view their industry CRD record and perform other compliance tasks.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://finpro.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Member Firms</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/">FINRA GATEWAY</a></p><p class="login-desc">Firm compliance professionals can access filings and requests, run reports and submit support tickets.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://gateway.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div><div class="login-col" layout="col"><p class="login-subtitle"><span>For Case Participants</span></p><p class="login-title"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/">DR PORTAL</a></p><p class="login-desc">Arbitration and mediation case participants and FINRA neutrals can view case information and submit documents through this Dispute Resolution Portal.</p><div class="login-btn" style="padding:5px 0px 14px 0px;"><a href="https://drportal.finra.org/"><span>Login</span></a></div></div></div><div class="login-fourth"><p class="need-help" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="https://tools.finra.org/cc_support/">Need Help?</a> | <a href="/systems-status/">Check System Status</a></p><p class="other-systems" style="font-size:16px;"><a href="/filing-reporting/entitlement/systems">Log In to other FINRA systems</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="search-icon-custom"> <div class="wrapper_search"> <input class="custom-landing-search" maxlength="60" type="text" name='search_api_fulltext' placeholder="Search"/> <button><i class="far fa-search" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #0082D1"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-right" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#CollapsingNavbar" aria-controls="CollapsingNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon-mobile"></span> </button> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-container region-primary-title"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <section class="offset-lg-3 region region-primary-title"> </section> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="main" class="container-fluid finra-container"> <section class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 specific-crumbs region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-breadcrumbs" data-block-plugin-id="system_breadcrumb_block" class="breadcrumbs__container"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" style=""> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/investors">For Investors</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/investors/investing">Investing</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left clearfix"> <div class="sidebar col-lg-3 finra-sidebar-first menu-top" id="sidebar_first"> <aside class="section menu-sticky" role="complementary"> <div class="layout--left-nav"> <div onclick="this.classList.toggle('active')" class="d-sm-block d-lg-none left-nav-toggle arrow-down" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".layout-collapse"> EXPLORE THIS SECTION </div> <div class="left-nav-collapse collapse layout-collapse"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finramainnavigation-2-menu" id="block-finramainnavigation-2" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-main-navigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-main-navigation"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finramainnavigation-2-menu">FINRA Main Navigation</h2> <ul id="block-finramainnavigation-2" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/insights" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investor Insights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/137001">Investor Insights</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Tools & Calculators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84404">Tools & Calculators</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="expando collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#personal-finance-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/personal-finance" class="nav-link adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Personal Finance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84343">Personal Finance</a> <ul class="menu collapse " id="personal-finance-submenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/know-your-net-worth" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Net Worth" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10430">Net Worth</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/control-spending-calculate-cash-flow" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Spending" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10422">Spending</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/manage-your-debt" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Debt" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10432">Debt</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/how-your-credit-score-impacts-your-financial-future" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Credit Scores" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10431">Credit Scores</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/personal-finance/start-emergency-fund" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Emergency Funds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10434">Emergency Funds</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <div class="expando" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#investing-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/investing" class="nav-link active adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Investing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/330016">Investing</a> <ul class="menu collapse show" id="investing-submenu"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics" class="nav-link active is-active" aria-labelledby="Investing Basics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/329526">Investing Basics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investment Products" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332246">Investment Products</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/investment-accounts" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Investment Accounts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334661">Investment Accounts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/investing/working-with-investment-professional" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Working With an Investment Professional" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340566">Working With an Investment Professional</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <div class="expando collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#protect-your-money-submenu"></div> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money" class="nav-link adjust-for-expando" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Money" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136996">Protect Your Money</a> <ul class="menu collapse " id="protect-your-money-submenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/ask-and-check" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Ask and Check" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10735">Ask and Check</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/avoid-fraud" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Avoid Fraud" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9541">Avoid Fraud</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/protect-your-money/protect-your-identity" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Protect Your Identity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2620">Protect Your Identity</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/military" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For the Military" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/178026">For the Military</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/investors/need-help" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Need Help?" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/201146">Need Help?</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <main class="main-content col" id="content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-finra-bootstrap-sass-system-main" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article class="node node--type-article node--view-mode-full clearfix node--promoted"> <div> <div class="row finra-container"> <div class="col-lg"> <div class="row"> <div class="image-with-text"> <div class="image-caption"> <div class="caption"> <div class="block-region-image-caption"><div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:field_core_invest_issue_tax" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-core-invest-issue-tax"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field--name-field-core-invest-issue-tax field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Investing</div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle"> <div class="content"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden"><h1>Investing Basics</h1></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="by-section"> <div class="block-region-date"></div> <div class="block-region-author"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image"> <div class="block-region-image"><div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:field_core_desktop_image" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-core-desktop-image"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field--name-field-core-desktop-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/2022-08/investor-ed-rev2022-iStock1266858245-3870x1845.jpg" width="3870" height="1845" alt="Investing" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region--middle row"> <div class="block-region-middle"><div data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:body" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodebody"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Welcome to the world of investing! Whether you’re new to investing or need a refresher, we’ve got information to help you get started.</p><div class="item-list globalFloatLeft width50 padding--15"><ul><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/investment-goals">Investment Goals</a></li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/risk">Risk</a></li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/buying-and-selling">Buying and Selling</a></li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/fees-commissions">Fees and Commissions</a></li></ul></div><div class="item-list globalFloatLeft width50 padding--15"><ul><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/asset-allocation-diversification">Asset Allocation and Diversification</a></li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/evaluating-performance">Evaluating Performance</a></li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/volatility">Volatility</a></li></ul></div><p class="clearLeft">Busy but want to get smarter about investing? FINRA offers quick courses to build essential investment knowledge and skills. <a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/smart-investing-courses">Try a course today</a>.</p><h3>Securities Investing</h3><p>When most people talk about investing, they’re usually referring to investments in stocks, bonds and investment funds, which are all types of securities.</p><ul><li>If you own shares of <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products/stocks">stock</a>, you hold equity securities, meaning you're part owner of (have an equity stake in) the company that issued those shares.</li><li>If you own <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products/bonds">bonds</a>, you hold debt securities. The issuer of the bond compensates you for the risk you take in loaning them money by paying you interest (also called yield) plus the return of your initial investment.</li><li><a href="/investors/investing/investment-products/mutual-funds">Mutual funds</a> and <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products/exchange-traded-products">exchange-traded products (ETPs)</a> are additional ways to invest in securities. A single mutual fund or ETP, such as an exchange-traded fund (ETF), might contain dozens, or even thousands, of stocks, bonds and other securities.</li></ul><p>The more you know about the <a href="/investors/investing/investment-products">types of investments</a> you own or are considering, the better investment decisions you're apt to make.</p><h3>Regulation Helps Safeguard Investors</h3><p>Regulation by government regulators—such as the <a href="https://www.sec.gov/">Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)</a> and state securities regulators—and by <a href="/investors/insights/regulated-by-FINRA">FINRA</a>, a government-authorized not-for-profit regulator, protects investors through rules, supervision and enforcement. Two tenets in particular—disclosure and transparency—form the basis for many individual regulations and requirements and are hallmarks of U.S. securities markets. They're important to understand, as they not only protect investors but lend integrity to markets.</p><p><strong>Disclosure </strong>as it relates to stocks and bonds is information about a company’s financial condition and business that the company is required to make public. This information is integral to helping investors make informed investment decisions about the company’s securities. Earnings reports and statements that contain material news that could affect a company’s financial condition are examples of this company disclosure.</p><p>Investment products such as bonds, variable annuities, ETFs and mutual funds are also required to provide investors with disclosure documents. These documents explain the investment and provide information about risks, fees and other details that help investors determine if the investment is right for them. In addition, regulators, including FINRA, may review a broker dealer’s public communications such as social media and advertising to help ensure information about an investment product or service is fair, balanced and not misleading.</p><p>Securities firms must also disclose a variety of information to their clients. For instance, when a firm or its representatives make recommendations to retail customers, the SEC Regulation <a href="/investors/insights/sec-regulation-best-interest-and-form-crs-what-you-need-know">Best Interest</a> requires disclosure to customers about the services they provide and fees they charge. In addition, firms must disclose and manage conflicts of interest that might compromise their obligations to customers. Securities firms that offer services to retail investors must also deliver a brief customer or client relationship summary—<a href="/investors/insights/sec-regulation-best-interest-and-form-crs-what-you-need-know">Form CRS</a>—that provides information about the firm and is designed to assist retail investors in choosing a financial professional and services.</p><p><strong>Transparency </strong>is the ability of market participants to obtain information about the trading process of securities. Price, order size, trading volume and trader identity are all key aspects of transparency. In general, the more transparent an investment product and the market or markets in which it trades, the less risky it is because investors and regulators can see what’s going on.</p><p>Disclosure and transparency are an investor’s allies. But it’s up to each investor to read and understand what's disclosed and pay attention to the information markets make visible. </p><h3>Tips for Successful Investing</h3><p>Whether you want to make the most of your money or make sure you preserve your assets, remember that sound investing is all about setting goals, taking informed actions and balancing risks. You’ll also want to avoid pitfalls that can result in unnecessary losses or missed opportunity. Here are a few tips to help you succeed as an investor.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>1. Set investment goals.</strong> Identify your most important short-, medium and long-term <a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/investment-goals">financial goals</a>. Next, estimate how much each goal will likely cost. It’s often a good idea to set up separate savings or investment accounts for each of your major investment goals.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>2. Know your investment time frame.</strong> When you need your money often determines how you'll invest it. Too often, investors realize they need money sooner than expected and are forced to sell when the market is against them.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>3. Be patient.</strong> Investing for the long term (buying and holding) generally works out better than trying to make a quick score.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>4. Test the waters.</strong> If you’re new to investing, wade into the experience rather than jump in headfirst. If you work with an <a href="/investors/investing/working-with-investment-professional">investment professional</a>, take time to build mutual trust. As you grow your portfolio, you can diversify your assets among different accounts or work with different investment professionals.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>5. Explore investing through your company’s retirement plan.</strong> If your employer offers a 401(k) or similar <a href="/investors/investing/investment-accounts/retirement">retirement </a>savings program, think of it as a potential on-ramp to investing. There are often incentives to doing so, like a company match, or tax benefits.</p><p class="indentItem"><strong>6. Educate yourself.</strong> Know what you're investing in, especially if it's an investment you aren’t familiar with. How does it work? What fees will you pay? Understand and track the investments you own. Learn about <a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/asset-allocation-diversification">asset allocation and diversification</a> so you don’t bet the ranch on a single investment. Avoid hunches and hot tips. And never stop educating yourself about investing!</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div id="block-backtotopbuttoninvestedrev2022" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:9093ac7d-1262-4aaf-a7a8-8e1e616344dd" class="block block-block-content block-block-content9093ac7d-1262-4aaf-a7a8-8e1e616344dd"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <div class="float-left"><a href="#main-wrapper">Back to Top</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <div class="sidebar col-lg-2 finra-sidebar-second"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <section class="layout--right-nav region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-investoreducationrightraillinks" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:53904924-4a09-4753-a492-55e1489c76db" class="block block-block-content block-block-content53904924-4a09-4753-a492-55e1489c76db"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>TOOLS & CALCULATORS</h2> <p><a href="/investors/investing/investing-basics/smart-investing-courses" target="_blank">Smart Investing Courses</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/MarketData/Default.jsp" target="_blank">Market Data Center</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="/finra-data/fixed-income" target="_blank">Fixed Income Data</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org/" target="_blank">BrokerCheck</a></p> <hr /><p><a href="/fundanalyzer" target="_blank">Fund Analyzer</a></p> <p class="more-link" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/investors/tools-and-calculators" target="_blank">View All</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id = "article-columns" class="adjustable-columns"> <div class="full-width finra-container"> <section class="row region region-full-width"> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockalert-investor-insights-block-5" id="block-views-block-alert-investor-insights-block-5" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:alert_investor_insights-block_5"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-alert-investor-insights view-id-alert_investor_insights view-display-id-block_5 js-view-dom-id-b7b481ae813c20ddedc1a8fdfdbad4bef240178d479f19f4d7ba004c96c6d3d2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="slider-recommended__wrapper newsroom-slider__wrapper view-slider slider-recommended__3"> <div class="slider-recommended__arrows container"> <div class="slider-recommended__previous">Recent Investor Insights</div> <div class="slider-recommended__next"></div> </div> <div class="js-slider-recommended slider-recommended container"> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-2615867f06b" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Resources for Senior Investors" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1887469204-860x406.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="860" height="406" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/three-resources-for-senior-investors" hreflang="en">Three Resources for Senior Investors</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 29, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-9f13b147696" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Guardrails for Market Volatility" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1195455865-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1254" height="598" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/guardrails-market-volatility" hreflang="und">Guardrails for Market Volatility</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-4e447952f54" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="investor" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2022-06/investor-insight-640x302.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="640" height="302" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/tips-turbulent-market" hreflang="und">Investor Tips for Turbulent Markets</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-e6e8fd6753d" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Are You Checking Your Trade Confirmations?" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/iStock-1397496424-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1254" height="598" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/checking-trade-confirmations" hreflang="en">Are You Checking Your Trade Confirmations?</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-21T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended"> <div class="slide-recommended__image_wrapper"> <div class="slide-recommended__image"> <div data-b-token="b-d4904f80b1f" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="How Mergers and Acquisitions Impact Investors" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/shutterstock_271906976-640.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1000" height="471" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <h4 class="slide-recommended__title"><a href="/investors/insights/how-mergers-acquisitions-impact-investors" hreflang="en">How Mergers and Acquisitions Impact Investors</a></h4> <div class="slide-recommended__timestamp"><time datetime="2024-11-15T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">November 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slide-recommended newsroom-slide__see-more"> <div class="slide-recommended__noimage"> <svg id="slide-recommended__mask"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-square"> <polygon points="0 0, 360 0, 360 252, 285 252, 285 187, 0 187" /> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </div> <div class="slide-recommended__content"> <div class="more-link"><a href="/investors/insights">View All</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer id="FINRA_footer" class="site-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <section class="region region-footer-highlight"> <div id="block-footerhighlight" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:13129ca4-9a12-445a-8240-396c465d4de4" class="block block-block-content block-block-content13129ca4-9a12-445a-8240-396c465d4de4"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="footer-highlight-content--wrapper"><div class="highlight-text"><p class="arbitration-title">ARBITRATION & MEDIATION</p><p class="arbitration-desc">FINRA operates the largest securities dispute resolution forum in the United States</p></div><div class="learn-more-btn"><a class="footer-link" href="/arbitration-mediation"><span>Learn More</span></a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="finra-footer--brand"> <section class="region region-footer-brand"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/images/FINRA_Logo.svg" alt="Home"> </a> </section> </div> <div class="finra-footer--menus-wrapper"> <div class="finra-footer--menus"> <div class="finra-footer-links"> <section class=" -4 region region-footer-first"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finrautilitymenu-2-menu" id="block-finrautilitymenu-2" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-utility-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-utility-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finrautilitymenu-2-menu">FINRA Utility Menu</h2> <ul id="block-finrautilitymenu-2" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/about" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="About FINRA" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135106">About FINRA</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135166">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://brokercheck.finra.org" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="BrokerCheck">BrokerCheck</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/finra-data" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180426">Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/media-center" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Media Center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/340671">Media Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/member-firm-hub" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="For Firms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342121">For Firms</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-finramainnavigation-3-menu" id="block-finramainnavigation-3" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:finra-main-navigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--finra-main-navigation"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-finramainnavigation-3-menu">FINRA Main Navigation</h2> <ul id="block-finramainnavigation-3" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/rules-guidance" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Rules & Guidance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105256">Rules & Guidance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/registration-exams-ce" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Registration, Exams & CE" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126826">Registration, Exams & CE</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/events-training" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Events & Training" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105306">Events & Training</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/filing-reporting" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Filing & Reporting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135036">Filing & Reporting</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/compliance-tools" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Compliance Tools" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136611">Compliance Tools</a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/investors" class="nav-link active" aria-labelledby="For Investors" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126766">For Investors</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="finra-footer--contacts-menus"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <section class="-lg-5 -md-12 -sm-12 region region-footer-second"> <div id="block-footercontacts1" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:c0b288c4-fa43-4f28-869e-1e7dbba541f9" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentc0b288c4-fa43-4f28-869e-1e7dbba541f9"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/contact-finra/">General Inquiries</a></p><p><span>301-590-6500</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/investors/have-a-problem/helpline-seniors">Securities Helpline for Seniors<sup>®</sup></a></p><p><span>844-574-3577 (Mon-Fri 9am-5pm ET)</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/contact-finra/file-tip">File a Regulatory Tip</a></p><p><span>To report on abuse or fraud in the industry</span></p></div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-footer-third"> <section class="-lg-5 -md-12 -sm-12 region region-footer-third"> <div id="block-footercontacts2" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:0d011e02-69eb-47fd-994a-587fbeb7b81e" class="block block-block-content block-block-content0d011e02-69eb-47fd-994a-587fbeb7b81e"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/investors/need-help/file-a-complaint">File an Investor Complaint</a></p><p><span>File a complaint about fraud or unfair practices.</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/compliance-tools/finra-small-firm-helpline">Small Firm Help Line</a></p><p><span>833-26-FINRA (Mon-Fri 9am-6pm ET)</span></p></div><div class="contact-item"><p><a class="footer-link" href="/about/office-ombuds">Office of the Ombuds</a></p><p><span>Report a concern about FINRA at 888-700-0028</span></p></div></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="col-lg-5 order-lg-12 order-md-1 order-sm region region-footer-sixth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497" class="block block-block-content block-block-content79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/finra" aria-label="X"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="twitter-x-icon"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/finra/" aria-label="linkedin"><span alt="LinkedIn" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-linkedin fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/FinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority/" aria-label="facebook"><span alt="Facebook" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-facebook fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/_finra" aria-label="Instagram"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fab fa-instagram"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@finra" aria-label="YouTube"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-youtube fab"></span></span></a> </p> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-footer-fifth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks1"> <section class="col-lg-5 order-lg-12 order-md-1 order-sm region region-footer-sixth"> <div id="block-finrasociallinks" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497" class="block block-block-content block-block-content79395185-afca-4832-b562-50b574a57497"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div> <p> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/finra" aria-label="X"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="twitter-x-icon"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/finra/" aria-label="linkedin"><span alt="LinkedIn" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-linkedin fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/FinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority/" aria-label="facebook"><span alt="Facebook" class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-facebook fab"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/_finra" aria-label="Instagram"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fab fa-instagram"></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@finra" aria-label="YouTube"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-2x fa-youtube fab"></span></span></a> </p> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finra-footer--trademarks"> <section class="-lg-7 order-lg-1 order-md-12 order-sm region region-footer-seventh"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footerlegallinks-menu" id="block-footerlegallinks" data-block-plugin-id="system_menu_block:footer-legal-links" class="block block-menu navigation menu--footer-legal-links"> <h2 class="sr-only visually-hidden" id="block-footerlegallinks-menu">Footer Legal Links</h2> <ul id="block-footerlegallinks" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/site-map" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Site Map" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139246">Site Map</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/privacy-policy" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Privacy Policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135876">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/terms-of-use" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Terms of Use" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/139951">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/translate" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Translate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343381">Translate</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/contact-finra" class="nav-link" aria-labelledby="Contact Us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/135416">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="block-finracopyright" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:150cdc5c-6b33-477b-95ac-565605bddbb3" class="block block-block-content block-block-content150cdc5c-6b33-477b-95ac-565605bddbb3"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="all-rights-reserved">© 2024 FINRA. All Rights Reserved.</p><p class="trademark">FINRA is a Registered Trademark of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, INC.</p></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/329526","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"addtoany\/addtoany.front,blazy\/bio.ajax,blazy\/blazy,blazy\/classlist,blazy\/load,blazy\/polyfill,blazy\/promise,blazy\/raf,blazy\/webp,bootstrap_barrio\/breadcrumb,bootstrap_barrio\/gesta_opensans,bootstrap_barrio\/global-styling,finra_bootstrap_sass\/app-dynamic-reporting,finra_bootstrap_sass\/cookie-classification,finra_bootstrap_sass\/gesta,finra_bootstrap_sass\/global-styling,finra_bootstrap_sass\/glossaryViews,finra_bootstrap_sass\/opensans,finra_bootstrap_sass\/recommendedSlider,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts,fontawesome\/fontawesome.webfonts.shim,superfish\/superfish,superfish\/superfish_hoverintent,superfish\/superfish_supersubs,superfish\/superfish_supposition,system\/base,views\/views.ajax,views\/views.module","theme":"finra_bootstrap_sass","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"superfish":{"superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new":{"id":"superfish-finra-homepage-nav-megamenus-new","sf":{"animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":"slow","autoArrows":false},"plugins":{"supposition":true,"supersubs":{"minWidth":15,"maxWidth":20}}}},"elasticSearch":{"url":"https:\/\/searchapi.dev.finra.org\/search"},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:b7b481ae813c20ddedc1a8fdfdbad4bef240178d479f19f4d7ba004c96c6d3d2":{"view_name":"alert_investor_insights","view_display_id":"block_5","view_args":"","view_path":"\/node\/329526","view_base_path":null,"view_dom_id":"b7b481ae813c20ddedc1a8fdfdbad4bef240178d479f19f4d7ba004c96c6d3d2","pager_element":0}}},"alert_investor_insights":{"slides":3,"dots":false,"infinite":false},"blazy":{"loadInvisible":false,"offset":100,"saveViewportOffsetDelay":50,"validateDelay":25,"loader":true,"unblazy":false,"visibleClass":false},"blazyIo":{"disconnect":false,"rootMargin":"0px","threshold":[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]},"ajax":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"ef4ef46b952a8b96490e7d7d475bd2d7a84872de21be94cdc109b583b7dab4d9"}}</script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.polyfill.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.0"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.classlist.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.promise.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.raf.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/ie-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-blur-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/controlgroup-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-reset-mixin-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/mouse-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/checkboxradio-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/draggable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/resizable-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/button-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/dialog-min.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/dblazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.once.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.sanitizer.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dom.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.base.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.dataset.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.viewport.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.xlazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.observer.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/plugin/blazy.loading.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/polyfill/blazy.webp.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.media.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/blazy.drupal.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.load.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/blazy.compat.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.1.2"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/cookie-preferences.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/cookie-banner-config.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" async></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.2.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/displace.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/jquery.tabbable.shim.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/position.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.position.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.jquery-ui.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/modules/ckeditor5/js/ckeditor5.dialog.fix.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/finra_cvent_block/js/cvent_widget_handler.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/popper.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/bootstrap-multiselect.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/bootstrap.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/global.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/breadcrumb.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/odometer.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/transactionWidget.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/finra-core-functions.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/flag_change.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/sidebar.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/embed_whitespace.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/node_modules/%40fortawesome/fontawesome-pro/js/all.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/superfish.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/jquery.hoverIntent.minified.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supposition.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supersubs.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/superfish/js/superfish.js?v=2.0"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-common/ctl-common.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-grid/ctl-grid.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/app-dynamic-reporting/app-dynamic-reporting.js"></script> <script src="https://ddwa-cdn-us-east-1.ddwa.finra.org/ctl-common/assets/icons/pro-light-svg-icons/faSearch.js"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blazy/js/base/io/bio.ajax.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery-form/jquery.form.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/base.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/ajax_view.js?v=10.1.8"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/glossary-view.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/slick.min.js?snddqv"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/finra_bootstrap_sass/js/recommendedSlider.js?snddqv"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"d7b664b4b4","applicationID":"486102969","transactionName":"YF0DMkEAWRcAARddC1kXIAVHCFgKTiYRQRRWVD0DXRVeEBgTFlERUmQiCV0VRQsNDgZGOHJWFQ9HGGYRBBcGYS10Vw8SQQ5bCAQQTgoFVFsEFUA=","queueTime":2,"applicationTime":287,"atts":"TBoARAkaShk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ebd51bade27893c',t:'MTczMzE2MzUwNS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>