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<span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_general_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_general_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>City general council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_general_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justice_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justice_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Justice system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justice_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Quality of life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Music and nightlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_events_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_events_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Cultural events and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_events_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Traditional culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Historical architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communist_era_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communist_era_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Communist era architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communist_era_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Contemporary architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bucharest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 194 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-194" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">194 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchar%C3%A8st" title="Bucharèst – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bucharèst" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boekarest" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5" title="ቡካረስት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡካረስት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بوخارست – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوخارست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B7" title="Պուքրէշ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուքրէշ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucureshci" title="Bucureshci – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bucureshci" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucar%C3%A8st" title="Bucarèst – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bucarèst" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbukar%C3%A9te" title="Mbukaréte – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbukaréte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukuresti" title="Bukuresti – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bukuresti" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxarest" title="Buxarest – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buxarest" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بوخارست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوخارست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukar%C3%A9s" title="Bukarés – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bukarés" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="বুখারেস্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বুখারেস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарэст – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бухарэст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарэст – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бухарэст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89" title="Букурещ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Букурещ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="པུ་ཁ་རེ་སིད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུ་ཁ་རེ་སིད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%A1t" title="Bukurešt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bukurešt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Bukurešť – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bukurešť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwcar%C3%A9st" title="Bwcarést – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwcarést" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بوخاريست – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بوخاريست" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ch%CA%BCilt%C3%B3" title="Chéchʼiltó – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chéchʼiltó" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Βουκουρέστι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουκουρέστι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Бухарест ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бухарест ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukare%C5%9Dto" title="Bukareŝto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bukareŝto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بخارست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخارست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBkarest" title="Bûkarest – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bûkarest" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAcairist" title="Búcairist – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Búcairist" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%9Ft" title="Bukureşt – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bukureşt" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌱𐌿𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌴𐍃𐍄𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌿𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌴𐍃𐍄𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%BF%A0%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%88%ED%8B%B0" title="부쿠레슈티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부쿠레슈티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Բուխարեստ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուխարեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बुखारेस्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुखारेस्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%A1t" title="Bukurešt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bukurešt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukares" title="Bukares – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bukares" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAkarest" title="Búkarest – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Búkarest" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98" title="בוקרשט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוקרשט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukar%C3%A8s" title="Bukarès – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bukarès" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ಯೂಖರೆಸ್ಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ಯೂಖರೆಸ್ಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბუქარესტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუქარესტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9kareszt" title="Bùkareszt – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùkareszt" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boukar%C3%A8s" title="Boukarès – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Boukarès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBkare%C5%9Ft" title="Bûkareşt – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bûkareşt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukureshti" title="Bukureshti – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bukureshti" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucaresta" title="Bucaresta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bucaresta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukareste" title="Bukareste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bukareste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukare%C5%A1tas" title="Bukareštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bukareštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekares" title="Boekares – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boekares" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukaresti" title="Bukaresti – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bukaresti" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucuresti" title="Bucuresti – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bucuresti" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharestu" title="Buharestu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Buharestu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82" title="Букурешт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Букурешт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ബുക്കാറെസ്റ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബുക്കാറെസ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बुखारेस्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बुखारेस्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბუქარესტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბუქარესტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بوخارست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوخارست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بخارست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بخارست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%82" title="Букурэшт – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Букурэшт" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗူးခရက်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗူးခရက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boekarest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Boekarest" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बुखारेस्ट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुखारेस्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ブカレスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブカレスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukareshti" title="Bukareshti – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bukareshti" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucar%C3%A8st" title="Bucarèst – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bucarèst" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxarest" title="Buxarest – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buxarest" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F" title="ਬੁਖ਼ਾਰੈਸਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਖ਼ਾਰੈਸਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="بخارسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بخارسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucuresti" title="Bucuresti – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bucuresti" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بخارست – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بخارست" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9carest" title="Bùcarest – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bùcarest" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busares" title="Busares – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Busares" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukareszt" title="Bukareszt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bukareszt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucareste" title="Bucareste – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bucareste" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxarest" title="Buxarest – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Buxarest" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCkre%C5%9F" title="Bükreş – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bükreş" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="București" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukureshti" title="Bukureshti – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bukureshti" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukuresti" title="Bukuresti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bukuresti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82" title="Букурешт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Букурешт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu-cya-le-s-te" title="Pu-cya-le-s-te – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Pu-cya-le-s-te" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukureshti" title="Bukureshti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bukureshti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BD" title="بخاريسٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بخاريسٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Bukurešť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bukurešť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukare%C5%A1ta" title="Bukarešta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bukarešta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D1%94%D1%89%D1%8C" title="Боукоурєщь – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Боукоурєщь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukareszt" title="Bukareszt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bukareszt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buqarest" title="Buqarest – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Buqarest" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بوخارێست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بوخارێست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82" title="Букурешт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Букурешт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukure%C5%A1t" title="Bukurešt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bukurešt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="புக்கரெஸ்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புக்கரெஸ்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucarest" title="Bucarest – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Bucarest" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukareste" title="Bukareste – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bukareste" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="บูคาเรสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บูคาเรสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCkre%C5%9F" title="Bükreş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bükreş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharest" title="Buharest – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Buharest" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukha%CC%B1ret" title="Bukha̱ret – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Bukha̱ret" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бухарест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="بخارسٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بخارسٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بۇخارېست – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇخارېست" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9carest" title="Bùcarest – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bùcarest" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharest" title="Buharest – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Buharest" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C5%9Fti" title="Bucureşti – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bucureşti" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucaresse" title="Bucaresse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bucaresse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="布加勒斯特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekarest" title="Boekarest – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Boekarest" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukarest" title="Bukarest – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bukarest" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布加勒斯特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%98" title="בוקארעשט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בוקארעשט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bucharest" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布加勒斯特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukre%C5%9F" title="Bukreş – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bukreş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukar%C4%97%C5%A1tos" title="Bukarėštos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bukarėštos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布加勒斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukar%C3%A8s" title="Bukarès – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bukarès" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bucharest" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bucharest" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Bucharest" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bucharest" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bucharest&params=44_25_57_N_26_6_14_E_region:RO_city(1900000)_type:city(1716961)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°25′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°6′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.43250°N 26.10389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.43250; 26.10389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Romania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city and municipality in București – Ilfov, Romania</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bucharest</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="RO"><span title="Romanian-language text"><span lang="ro">București</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_-_Ilfov" title="București - Ilfov">Capital city and municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Bucharest</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="infobox;height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_University_Square_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-Bucharest_University_Square_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/University_Square,_Bucharest" title="University Square, Bucharest">University Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="infobox;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg/127px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg/191px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg/254px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2110" data-file-height="1470" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Athenaeum" title="Romanian Athenaeum">Romanian Athenaeum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div style="infobox;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg/157px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg/236px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg/314px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_the_Parliament_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Parliament">Palace of Parliament</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="infobox;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest,_Bucarest,_Ruman%C3%ADa,_2016-05-29,_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg/135px-Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg/203px-Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg/270px-Biblioteca_Central_de_la_Universidad_de_Bucarest%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_97-99_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7625" data-file-height="4710" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Central_University_Library,_Bucharest" title="Central University Library, Bucharest">Central University Library</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style="infobox;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_(Justizpalast)_-_no_filter_(29340923631).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/149px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/224px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/298px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4601" data-file-height="2585" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Bucharest" title="Palace of Justice, Bucharest">Palace of Justice</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="infobox;height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_CEC,_Bucarest,_Ruman%C3%ADa,_2016-05-29,_DD_65.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg/150px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg/225px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg/300px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_65.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6386" data-file-height="3830" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/CEC_Palace" title="CEC Palace">CEC Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="infobox;height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Tineretului.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Parcul_Tineretului.jpg/134px-Parcul_Tineretului.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Parcul_Tineretului.jpg/201px-Parcul_Tineretului.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Parcul_Tineretului.jpg/268px-Parcul_Tineretului.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tineretului_Park" title="Tineretului Park">Tineretului Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="infobox;height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_Business_District_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-Bucharest_Business_District_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="1472" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Floreasca" title="Floreasca">Floreasca</a> district</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bucharest"><img alt="Flag of Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg/100px-ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg/150px-ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg/200px-ROU_Bucharest_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bucharest"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="574" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest" title="Coat of arms of Bucharest">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Bucharest"><img alt="Official logo of Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg/71px-Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg/106px-Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg/141px-Word_mark_of_Bucharest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Paris of the East / Little Paris</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Patria și dreptul meu</i></span><br />('The Homeland and my right')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest highlighted red in Romania"><img alt="Bucharest highlighted red in Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg/230px-Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg/345px-Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg/460px-Municipiul_Bucuresti_in_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Bucharest highlighted red in Romania</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Romania.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest is located in Romania"><img alt="Bucharest is located in Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.755%;left:61.039%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bucharest</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Bucharest in Romania</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Romania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest is located in Balkans"><img alt="Bucharest is located in Balkans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.786%;left:77.868%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Bucharest</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Bucharest (Balkans)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Balkans</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest is located in Europe"><img alt="Bucharest is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.058%;left:62.621%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bucharest</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Bucharest (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bucharest&params=44_25_57_N_26_6_14_E_region:RO_city(1900000)_type:city(1716961)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°25′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°6′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.43250°N 26.10389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.43250; 26.10389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> Romania</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Development_regions_of_Romania" title="Development regions of Romania">București – Ilfov</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Municipality of Bucharest</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First attested</th><td class="infobox-data">1459</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler" title="Vlad the Impaler">Vlad the Impaler</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sectors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">6 sectors</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Strong Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bucharest" title="Mayor of Bucharest">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicu%C8%99or_Dan" title="Nicușor Dan">Nicușor Dan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_Bucharest" title="General Council of Bucharest">General Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">EP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Romania (European Parliament constituency)">Bucharest constituency</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_-_Ilfov" title="București - Ilfov">Capital city and municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">239 km<sup>2</sup> (92.28 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,803 km<sup>2</sup> (696 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">55.8–91.5 m (183.1–300.2 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-RPL2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_-_Ilfov" title="București - Ilfov">Capital city and municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,716,961</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(January 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population.Bucharest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,719,958</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_population" title="List of Romanian counties by population">1st in Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">8th in the EU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,196/km<sup>2</sup> (18,640/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,303,505 (Bucharest-Ilfov)<sup id="cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population.Bucharest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,277/km<sup>2</sup> (3,310/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bucharester (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>)<br /><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">bucureștean</i></span>, <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">bucureșteancă</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">ro</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2024)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-GDP.Bucharest_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP.Bucharest-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_-_Ilfov" title="București - Ilfov">Capital city and municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€ 88.18 billion (25.4% of Romania)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€ 97.74 billion (28.2% of Romania)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">Per capita</a> (City)</th><td class="infobox-data">€ 50,751<sup id="cite_ref-GDP.Bucharest_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP.Bucharest-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">0100xx-0201xx, 0201xx-0300xx, 0365xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+40 31</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2024)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.926<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a> system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Metro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="International Airport">International Airports</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Vlaicu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurel Vlaicu Airport">Băneasa Airport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coanda_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Coanda International Airport">Otopeni Airport</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmb.ro/">www<wbr />.pmb<wbr />.ro</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19660#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bucharest</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BOO</span>-kə-<span style="font-size:90%">REST</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠rest</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">București</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[bukuˈreʃtʲ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/Ro-Bucure%C8%99ti.ogg\/Ro-Bucure%C8%99ti.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ro-Bucure\u0219ti.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Ro-Bucure%C8%99ti.ogg/Ro-Bucure%C8%99ti.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ro-Bucure%C8%99ti.ogg" title="File:Ro-București.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the capital and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. The metropolis stands on the River <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Dâmbovița (river)">Dâmbovița</a> in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_metropolitan_area" title="Bucharest metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of 2.3 million residents, which makes Bucharest the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">8th most-populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The city area measures 240 km<sup>2</sup> (93 sq mi) and comprises 6 districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">Sectoare</a></i>), while the metropolitan area covers 1,811 km<sup>2</sup> (699 sq mi). Bucharest is a beta <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a>, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. </p><p>Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly <a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture#Revivalism_and_Eclecticism" title="History of architecture">Eclectic</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Nouveau architecture">Art Nouveau</a>), <a href="/wiki/Interbellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbellum">interbellum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian Revival architecture</a>), <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist era</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern</a>. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nicknames of Little Paris (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Micul Paris</i>) or <a href="/wiki/Paris_of_the_East_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris of the East (disambiguation)">Paris of the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Parisul Estului</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and even <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>'s program of <a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">systematization</a>, many survived and have been renovated. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the fastest-growing high-tech cities in Europe, according to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBRE_Group" title="CBRE Group">CBRE</a>, <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the historical city centre was listed as 'endangered' by the <a href="/wiki/World_Monuments_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="World Monuments Watch">World Monuments Watch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wmf.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wmf.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2023, there were 1.74 million inhabitants living within the city limits,<sup id="cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population.Bucharest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adding the satellite towns around the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas of the European Union">urban area</a>, the proposed <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_metropolitan_area" title="Bucharest metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of Bucharest would have a population of 2.3 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population.Bucharest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the government used 2.5 million people as the basis for pandemic reports.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bucharest is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">eighth largest city</a> in the European Union by population within city limits. In 2017, Bucharest was the European city with the highest growth of tourists who stay over night, according to the <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a> Global Index of Urban Destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for the past two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019, Bucharest ranked as the European destination with the highest potential for development according to the same study.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economically, Bucharest is the most prosperous city in Romania and the richest capital and city in the region, having surpassed Budapest since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has a number of large convention facilities, educational institutes, cultural venues, traditional 'shopping arcades' and recreational areas. The city proper is administratively known as the 'Municipality of Bucharest' (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Municipiul București</i>), and has the same administrative level as that of a national <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">county</a>, being further subdivided into six <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">sectors</a>, each governed by a local mayor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Romanian name <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">București</i></span> has an unverified origin. Tradition connects the founding of Bucharest with the name of <i><a href="/wiki/Bucur_(legendary_shepherd)" title="Bucur (legendary shepherd)">Bucur</a></i>, who was a prince, an outlaw, a fisherman, a shepherd or a hunter, according to different legends. In <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, the word stem <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">bucurie</i></span> means 'joy' ('happiness'),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence the city Bucharest means 'city of joy'.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other etymologies are given by early scholars, including the one of an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> traveller, <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a>, who claimed that Bucharest was named after a certain 'Abu-Kariș', from the tribe of '<a href="/wiki/Banu_Quraysh" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Quraysh">Bani-Kureiș</a>'. In 1781, <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a> historian Franz Sulzer claimed that it was related to <i>bucurie</i> (joy), <i>bucuros</i> (joyful), or <i>a se bucura</i> (to be joyful), while an early 19th-century book published in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> assumed its name to be derived from 'Bukovie', a <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> forest.<sup id="cite_ref-Georgescu77_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgescu77-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the city's name was formerly rendered as <i>Bukarest</i>. A native or resident of Bucharest is called a 'Bucharester' (Romanian: <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">bucureștean</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bucharest" title="History of Bucharest">History of Bucharest</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bucharest" title="Timeline of Bucharest">Timeline of Bucharest</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923,_Sunday_at_noon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg/220px-Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg/330px-Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg/440px-Nicolae_Ionescu_-_Victory_Avenue_in_1923%2C_Sunday_at_noon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Bucharest in 1923 during Romania's golden age, the interwar period</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg/220px-Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg/330px-Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg/440px-Hotel_Continental_-_Calea_Victoriei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Often compared to the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian zone</a> on the weekend.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest's history alternated periods of development and decline from the early settlements in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a> until its consolidation as the national capital of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> late in the 19th century. First mentioned as the '<a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">Citadel</a> of București' in 1459, it became the residence of the ruler of Wallachia, Voivode <a href="/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler" title="Vlad the Impaler">Vlad the Impaler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giurescu_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giurescu-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Curtea_Veche" title="Curtea Veche">Old Princely Court</a> (<i>Curtea Veche</i>) was erected by <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Ciobanul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mircea Ciobanul">Mircea Ciobanul</a> in the mid-16th century. Under subsequent rulers, Bucharest was established as the summer residence of the royal court. During the years to come, it competed with <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te" title="Târgoviște">Târgoviște</a> on the status of capital city after an increase in the importance of Southern <a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a> brought about by the demands of the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty"><i>suzerain</i></a> power – the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </p><p>Bucharest finally became the permanent location of the Wallachian court after 1698 (starting with the reign of <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncoveanu" title="Constantin Brâncoveanu">Constantin Brâncoveanu</a>). The city was partly destroyed by natural disasters and rebuilt several times during the following 200 years. </p><p>The Ottomans appointed Greek administrators (<a href="/wiki/Phanariotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanariotes">Phanariotes</a>) to run the town (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">بكرش</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">Bukreş</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) from the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">1821 Wallachian uprising</a> initiated by <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Vladimirescu" title="Tudor Vladimirescu">Tudor Vladimirescu</a> led to the end of the rule of Constantinople Greeks in Bucharest.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1813–14 the city was hit by <a href="/wiki/Caragea%27s_plague" title="Caragea's plague">Caragea's plague</a>. The city was wrested from Ottoman influence and occupied at several intervals by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> (1716, 1737, 1789) and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> (three times between 1768 and 1806). It was placed under <a href="/wiki/Regulamentul_Organic" title="Regulamentul Organic">Russian administration</a> between 1828 and the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, with an interlude during the Bucharest-centred <a href="/wiki/1848_Wallachian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 Wallachian revolution">1848 Wallachian revolution</a>. Later, an <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> garrison took possession after the Russian departure (remaining in the city until March 1857). On 23 March 1847, a fire consumed about 2,000 buildings, destroying a third of the city. </p><p>In 1862, after <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> were united to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">Principality of Romania</a>, Bucharest became the new nation's capital city. In 1881, it became the political centre of the newly proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a>. During the second half of the 19th century, the city's population increased dramatically, and a new period of urban development began. During this period, <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horse-drawn trams</a>, and limited <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrification</a> were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dâmbovița River was also massively channelled in 1883, thus putting a stop to previously endemic floods like the <a href="/wiki/1865_flooding_of_Bucharest" title="1865 flooding of Bucharest">1865 flooding of Bucharest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Bucharest" title="Fortifications of Bucharest">Fortifications of Bucharest</a> were built. The extravagant architecture and cosmopolitan high culture of this period won Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East' (<i>Parisul Estului</i>), with the <a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>. </p><p>Between 6 December 1916 and November 1918, the city was occupied by <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> forces as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucharest" title="Battle of Bucharest">Battle of Bucharest</a>, with the official capital temporarily moved to <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a> (also called Jassy), in the Moldavia region. After World War I, Bucharest became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a>. In the interwar years, Bucharest's urban development continued, with the city gaining an average of 30,000 new residents each year. Also, some of the city's main landmarks were built in this period, including <a href="/wiki/Arcul_de_Triumf" title="Arcul de Triumf">Arcul de Triumf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palatul_Telefoanelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatul Telefoanelor">Palatul Telefoanelor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression in Romania</a> took its toll on Bucharest's citizens, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Grivi%C8%9Ba_Strike_of_1933" class="mw-redirect" title="Grivița Strike of 1933">Grivița Strike of 1933</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1941, the city was the scene of the <a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom</a>. As the capital of an <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis</a> country and a major transit point for Axis troops en route to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>, Bucharest suffered heavy damage during World War II due to <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bucharest_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bucharest in World War II">Allied bombings</a>. On 23 August 1944, Bucharest was the site of <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_II#The_royal_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War II">the royal coup</a> which brought Romania into the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> camp. The city suffered a short period of Nazi <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> bombings, as well as a failed attempt by German troops to regain the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curtea_Veche_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Curtea_Veche_1.jpg/220px-Curtea_Veche_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Curtea_Veche_1.jpg/330px-Curtea_Veche_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Curtea_Veche_1.jpg/440px-Curtea_Veche_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Curtea_Veche" title="Curtea Veche">Old Princely Court</a> (<i>Curtea Veche</i>), the former residence of ruler <a href="/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler" title="Vlad the Impaler">Vlad the Impaler</a>, is located in the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Old_Town" title="Bucharest Old Town">Old Town</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">communism in Romania</a>, the city continued growing. New districts were constructed, most of them dominated by <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower blocks</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>'s leadership (1965–89), a part of the historic city <a href="/wiki/Ceau%C8%99ima" title="Ceaușima">was demolished</a> and replaced by '<a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a>' style development: (1) the <a href="/wiki/Centrul_Civic" title="Centrul Civic">Centrul Civic</a> (the Civic Centre) and (2) the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a>, for which an entire historic quarter was razed to make way for Ceaușescu's megalomaniac plans. On 4 March 1977, an <a href="/wiki/1977_Vrancea_earthquake" title="1977 Vrancea earthquake">earthquake centred in Vrancea</a>, about 135 km (83.89 mi) away, claimed 1,500 lives and caused further damage to the historic centre. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">Romanian Revolution of 1989</a> began with massive anti-Ceaușescu protests in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a> in December 1989 and continued in Bucharest, leading to the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist regime</a>. Dissatisfied with the postrevolutionary leadership of the <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a>, some student leagues and opposition groups organised anti-Communist rallies in early 1990, which caused the political change. </p><p>Since 2000, the city has been continuously modernised. Residential and commercial developments are underway, particularly in the northern districts; Bucharest's old historic centre has undergone restoration since the mid-2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, 64 people were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Colectiv_nightclub_fire" title="Colectiv nightclub fire">Colectiv nightclub fire</a>. Later the Romanian capital saw the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932019_Romanian_protests" title="2017–2019 Romanian protests">2017–2019 Romanian protests</a> against the judicial reforms,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 2018 protest ending with 450 people injured.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaties">Treaties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following treaties were signed in the city: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1812)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1812)">Treaty of Bucharest (1812)</a>, between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire ending the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1886)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1886)">Treaty of Bucharest (1886)</a>, between Serbia and Bulgaria ending the <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War" title="Serbo-Bulgarian War">Serbian–Bulgarian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest (1913)</a>, between Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece ending of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest (1916)</a>, a treaty of alliance between Romania and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest (1918)</a>, between Romania and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg/220px-Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg/330px-Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg/440px-Bucuresti_de_sus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Bucharest is <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>'s capital and largest city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is situated on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dâmbovița River">Dâmbovița River</a>, which flows into the Argeș River, a tributary of the Danube. <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Bucharest">Several lakes</a> – the most important of which are Lake Herăstrău, Lake Floreasca, Lake Tei, and Lake Colentina – stretch across the northern parts of the city, along the <a href="/wiki/Colentina_(river)" title="Colentina (river)">Colentina River</a>, a tributary of the Dâmbovița. In addition, in the centre of the capital is a small artificial lake – Lake Cișmigiu – surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Ci%C8%99migiu_Gardens" title="Cișmigiu Gardens">Cișmigiu Gardens</a>. These gardens have a rich history, having been frequented by poets and writers. Opened in 1847 and based on the plans of German architect Carl F.W. Meyer, the gardens are the main recreational facility in the city centre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG/220px-Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG/330px-Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG/440px-Parcul_Herastrau_park_lake_Bucharest_Bucuresti_Romania_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_Michael_I_Park" title="King Michael I Park">King Michael I Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg/220px-Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg/330px-Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg/440px-Lacul_Vacaresti_-_Delta_Vacaresti_-_Vara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti_Nature_Park" title="Văcărești Nature Park">Văcărești Nature Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg/220px-Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg/330px-Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg/440px-Parcul_Carol_-_toamna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carol_Park" title="Carol Park">Carol Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Cismigiu,_Bucuresti_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg/220px-2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg/330px-2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg/440px-2017_Cismigiu%2C_Bucuresti_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ci%C8%99migiu_Gardens" title="Cișmigiu Gardens">Cișmigiu Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tineretului_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tineretului_lake.jpg/220px-Tineretului_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tineretului_lake.jpg/330px-Tineretului_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tineretului_lake.jpg/440px-Tineretului_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tineretului_Park" title="Tineretului Park">Tineretului Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg/220px-2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg/330px-2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg/440px-2018_Parcul_IOR_Mai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>Alexandru Ioan Cuza Park (also known as IOR Park or Titan Park)</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest parks and gardens also include <a href="/wiki/King_Michael_I_Park" title="King Michael I Park">Herăstrău Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tineretului_Park" title="Tineretului Park">Tineretului Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical Garden of Bucharest">Botanical Garden</a>. Herăstrău Park is located in the northern part of the city, around Lake Herăstrău, and includes the site the <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti_National_Village_Museum" title="Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum">Village Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Antipa_National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History">Grigore Antipa Museum</a> is also near in the Victoriei Square. One of its best known locations are <a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe" title="Hard Rock Cafe">Hard Rock Cafe</a> Bucharest and <a href="/wiki/Ber%C4%83ria_H" title="Berăria H">Berăria H</a> (one of the largest beer halls in Europe). Tineretului Park was created in 1965 and designed as the main recreational space for southern Bucharest. It contains a Mini Town which is a play area for kids. The Botanical Garden, located in the <a href="/wiki/Cotroceni" title="Cotroceni">Cotroceni</a> neighbourhood a bit west of the city centre, is the largest of its kind in Romania and contains over 10,000 species of plants (many of them exotic); it originated as the pleasure park of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides them, there are many other smaller parks that should be visited, some of them being still large. Alexandru Ioan Cuza Park, Kiseleff Park, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Park" title="Carol Park">Carol Park</a>, Izvor Park, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%83dina_Icoanei" title="Grădina Icoanei">Grădina Icoanei</a>, Circului Park and Moghioroș Park are a few of them. Other large parks in Bucharest are: National Park, Tei Park, Eroilor Park and Crângași Park with <a href="/wiki/Lacul_Morii" title="Lacul Morii">Morii Lake</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lake_V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti" title="Lake Văcărești">Lake Văcărești</a> is located in the southern part of the city. Over 190 hectares, including 90 hectares of water, host 97 species of birds, half of them protected by law, and at least seven species of mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is surrounded by buildings of flats and is an odd result of human intervention and nature taking its course. The area was a small village that Ceaușescu attempted to convert into a lake. After demolishing the houses and building the concrete basin, the plan was abandoned following the 1989 revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For nearly two decades, the area shifted from being an abandoned green space where children could play and sunbathe, to being contested by previous owners of the land there, to being closed for redevelopment into a sports centre. The redevelopment deal failed,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over the following years, the green space grew into a unique habitat. In May 2016, the lake was declared a national park, the <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti_Nature_Park" title="Văcărești Nature Park">Văcărești Nature Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dubbed the 'Delta of Bucharest', the area is protected.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bucharest is situated in the center of the Romanian Plain, in an area once covered by the Vlăsiei Forest, which after it was cleared, gave way for a fertile flatland. As with many cities, Bucharest is traditionally considered to be built upon seven hills, similar to the seven hills of Rome. Bucharest's seven hills are: Mihai Vodă, <a href="/wiki/Dealul_Mitropoliei" title="Dealul Mitropoliei">Dealul Mitropoliei</a>, Radu Vodă, <a href="/wiki/Cotroceni" title="Cotroceni">Cotroceni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dealul_Spirii" title="Dealul Spirii">Dealul Spirii</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti,_Bucharest" title="Văcărești, Bucharest">Văcărești</a>, and Sfântu Gheorghe Nou. </p><p>The city has an area of 226 km<sup>2</sup> (87 sq mi). The altitude varies from 55.8 m (183.1 ft) at the Dâmbovița bridge in Cățelu, southeastern Bucharest and 91.5 m (300.2 ft) at the <a href="/wiki/Militari" title="Militari">Militari</a> church. The city has a roughly round shape, with the centre situated in the cross-way of the main north–south/east-west axes at <a href="/wiki/University_Square,_Bucharest" title="University Square, Bucharest">University Square</a>. The milestone for Romania's <a href="/wiki/Kilometre_Zero_(Bucharest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometre Zero (Bucharest)">Kilometre Zero</a> is placed just south of University Square in front of the New St. George Church (Sfântul Gheorghe Nou) at St. George Square (Piața Sfântul Gheorghe). Bucharest's radius, from University Square to the city limits in all directions, varies from 10 to 12 km (6 to 7 mi). </p><p>Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ilfov_County" title="Ilfov County">Ilfov County</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">county</a>, which has experienced rapid demographic growth in the 21st century, being the fastest growing Romanian county between 2011 and 2021, had a population of 542,686 people at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 Romanian census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, many of Ilfov county's villages and communes developed into high-income <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter towns</a>, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bucharest has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfa</i> by the 0 °C isotherm), or a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfa</i> by the -3 °C isotherm), with hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. Owing to its position on the Romanian Plain, the city's winters can get windy, though some of the winds are mitigated due to urbanisation. Winter temperatures often dip below 0 °C (32 °F), sometimes even to −10 °C (14 °F). In summer, the average high temperature is 29.8 °C (85.6 °F) (the average for July and August). Temperatures frequently reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in midsummer in the city centre. Although average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> in summer is moderate, occasional heavy storms occur. During spring and autumn, daytime temperatures vary between 17 and 22 °C (63 and 72 °F), and precipitation during spring tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bucharest Băneasa (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1929–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(108.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.6<br />(108.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.2<br />(−26.0) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.0<br />(−20.2) </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.7<br />(−7.1) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.5<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.6<br />(−14.1) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−32.2<br />(−26.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(1.58) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(1.30) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(2.77) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.7<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.6<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9<br />(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">648.1<br />(25.52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.0<br />(22.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #909090; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.8 </td> <td style="background: #B5B566; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.1 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.7 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.4 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259.4 </td> <td style="background: #EDED07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">293.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">283.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.7 </td> <td style="background: #C3C30E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.6 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8 </td> <td style="background: #747474; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.9 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,126.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (dew point and snowfall 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA9120_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Administra%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Meteorologie" title="Administrația Națională de Meteorologie">Administrația Națională de Meteorologie</a> (extremes),<sup id="cite_ref-extremes_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (humidity, 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-DMI_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMI-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_metropolitan_area" title="Bucharest metropolitan area">Bucharest metropolitan area</a></div> <p>Bucharest has a unique status in Romanian administration, since it is the only municipal area that is not part of a <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">county</a>. Its population, however, is larger than that of any other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_population" title="List of Romanian counties by population">Romanian county</a>, hence the power of the Bucharest General Municipality (<i>Primăria Generală</i>), which is the capital's local government body, is the same as any other Romanian county council. </p><p>The Municipality of Bucharest, along with the surrounding Ilfov County, is part of the București – Ilfov development region project, which is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/NUTS-II" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS-II">NUTS-II</a> regions in the European Union and is used both by the EU and the Romanian government for statistical analysis, and to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the EU. The Bucharest-Ilfov development region is not, however, an administrative entity yet. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg/220px-Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg/330px-Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg/440px-Bucure%C5%9Fti_sectoare.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">Sectors of Bucharest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city government is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bucharest" title="Mayor of Bucharest">general mayor</a> (<i>Primar General</i>). Since 29 October 2020 onwards, it is <a href="/wiki/Nicu%C8%99or_Dan" title="Nicușor Dan">Nicușor Dan</a>, currently an independent politician previously backed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a>-<a href="/wiki/2020_USR-PLUS_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 USR-PLUS Alliance">USR PLUS</a> centre-right alliance at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020 Romanian local elections</a>. Decisions are approved and discussed by the capital's <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_Bucharest" title="General Council of Bucharest">General Council</a> (<i>Consiliu General</i>) made up of 55 elected councilors. Furthermore, the city is divided into six administrative <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">sectors</a> (<i>sectoare</i>), each of which has its own 27-seat sectoral council, town hall, and mayor. The powers of the local government over a certain area are, therefore, shared both by the Bucharest municipality and the local sectoral councils with little or no overlapping of authority. The general rule is that the main capital municipality is responsible for citywide utilities such as the water and sewage system, the overall transport system, and the main boulevards, while sectoral town halls manage the contact between individuals and the local government, secondary streets and parks maintenance, schools administration, and cleaning services. </p><p>The six sectors are numbered from one to six and are disposed radially so that each one has under its administration a certain area of the city centre. They are numbered clockwise and are further divided into sectoral quarters (<i>cartiere</i>) which are not part of the official administrative division: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_1_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 1 (Bucharest)">Sector 1</a></b> (population 227,717): <a href="/wiki/Doroban%C8%9Bi" title="Dorobanți">Dorobanți</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa" title="Băneasa">Băneasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avia%C8%9Biei" title="Aviației">Aviației</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipera" title="Pipera">Pipera</a>, Aviatorilor, Primăverii, Romană, Victoriei, <a href="/wiki/Her%C4%83str%C4%83u_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Herăstrău Park">Herăstrău Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99tii_Noi" title="Bucureștii Noi">Bucureștii Noi</a>, Dămăroaia, Străulești, <a href="/wiki/Grivi%C8%9Ba" title="Grivița">Grivița</a>, 1 Mai, <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa_Forest" title="Băneasa Forest">Băneasa Forest</a>, Pajura, Domenii, Chibrit</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_2_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 2 (Bucharest)">Sector 2</a></b> (population 357,338): <a href="/wiki/Pantelimon,_Bucharest" title="Pantelimon, Bucharest">Pantelimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colentina,_Bucharest" title="Colentina, Bucharest">Colentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iancului" title="Iancului">Iancului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tei,_Bucharest" title="Tei, Bucharest">Tei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floreasca" title="Floreasca">Floreasca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C8%99ilor" title="Moșilor">Moșilor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obor" title="Obor">Obor</a>, Vatra Luminoasă, Fundeni, Plumbuita, Ștefan cel Mare, Baicului</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_3_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 3 (Bucharest)">Sector 3</a></b> (population 399,231): <a href="/wiki/Vitan,_Bucharest" title="Vitan, Bucharest">Vitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti,_Bucharest" title="Dudești, Bucharest">Dudești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan,_Bucharest" title="Titan, Bucharest">Titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrul_Civic" title="Centrul Civic">Centrul Civic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dristor" title="Dristor">Dristor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipscani" title="Lipscani">Lipscani</a>, Muncii, Unirii</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_4_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 4 (Bucharest)">Sector 4</a></b> (population 300,331): <a href="/wiki/Berceni,_Bucharest" title="Berceni, Bucharest">Berceni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olteni%C8%9Bei" title="Olteniței">Olteniței</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giurgiului" title="Giurgiului">Giurgiului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progresul" title="Progresul">Progresul</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti,_Bucharest" title="Văcărești, Bucharest">Văcărești</a>, Timpuri Noi, Tineretului</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_5_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 5 (Bucharest)">Sector 5</a></b> (population 288,690): <a href="/wiki/Rahova" title="Rahova">Rahova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferentari" title="Ferentari">Ferentari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giurgiului" title="Giurgiului">Giurgiului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotroceni" title="Cotroceni">Cotroceni</a>, 13 Septembrie, Dealul Spirii</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sector_6_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 6 (Bucharest)">Sector 6</a></b> (population 371,060): <a href="/wiki/Giule%C8%99ti" title="Giulești">Giulești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2nga%C8%99i" title="Crângași">Crângași</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drumul_Taberei" title="Drumul Taberei">Drumul Taberei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militari" title="Militari">Militari</a>, Grozăvești (also known as Regie), <a href="/wiki/Ghencea" title="Ghencea">Ghencea</a></li></ul> <p>Each sector is governed by a local mayor, as follows: Sector 1 – <a href="/wiki/Clotilde_Armand" title="Clotilde Armand">Clotilde Armand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>, since 2020), Sector 2 – Radu Mihaiu (<a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>, since 2020), Sector 3 – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Negoi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Robert Negoiță">Robert Negoiță</a> (PRO B, since 2012), Sector 4 – Daniel Băluță (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a>, since 2016), Sector 5 – Vlad Popescu Piedone (former mayor <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Popescu_Piedone" title="Cristian Popescu Piedone">Cristian Popescu Piedone's</a> son) (PUSL, since 2024),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sector 6 – Ciprian Ciucu (<a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a>, since 2020). </p><p>Like all other local councils in Romania, the Bucharest sectoral councils, the capital's <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_Bucharest" title="General Council of Bucharest">general council</a>, and the mayors are elected every four years by the population. Additionally, Bucharest has a <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(Romania)" title="Prefect (Romania)">prefect</a>, who is appointed by Romania's national government. The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party and his role is to represent the national government at the municipal level. The prefect is acting as a liaison official facilitating the implementation of national development plans and governing programs at local level. The prefect of Bucharest (as of 2024) is Mihai Mugur Toader.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_general_council">City general council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City general council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_Bucharest" title="General Council of Bucharest">general council</a> has the following political composition, based on the results of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024 local elections</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccc">    </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Party </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Seats </th> <th style="background:#ccc" colspan="24">Current Council </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Right_Alliance" title="United Right Alliance">USR + PMP + FD</a> (ADU) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>17</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (PSD) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>16</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ED2128; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>7</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Humanist_Party" title="Social Liberal Humanist Party">Social Liberal Humanist Party</a> (PUSL) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>6</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#0066B6; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romania</a> (AUR) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>5</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCD20F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#c40075; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">Renewing Romania's European Project</a> (REPER) </td> <td style="text-align: right"><b>4</b> </td> <td style="background-color:#c40075; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#c40075; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#c40075; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#c40075; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justice_system">Justice system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Justice system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_(Justizpalast)_-_no_filter_(29340923631).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/250px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/375px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg/500px-Bucharest_-_Palace_of_Justice_%28Justizpalast%29_-_no_filter_%2829340923631%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4601" data-file-height="2585" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Bucharest" title="Palace of Justice, Bucharest">Palace of Justice</a> seen across the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Dâmbovița (river)">Dâmbovița River</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest's judicial system is similar to that of the Romanian counties. Each of the six sectors has its own local first-instance court (<i>judecătorie</i>), while more serious cases are directed to the Bucharest Tribunal (<i>Tribunalul Bucureşti</i>), the city's municipal court. The <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Court_of_Appeal" title="Bucharest Court of Appeal">Bucharest Court of Appeal</a> (<i>Curtea de Apel Bucureşti</i>) judges appeals against decisions taken by first-instance courts and tribunals in Bucharest and in five surrounding counties (Teleorman, Ialomița, Giurgiu, Călărași, and Ilfov). Bucharest is also home to Romania's supreme court, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a>, as well as to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court of Romania</a>. </p><p>Bucharest has a municipal police force, the Bucharest Police (<i>Poliția București</i>), which is responsible for policing crime within the whole city, and operates a number of divisions. The Bucharest Police are headquartered on Ștefan cel Mare Blvd. in the city centre, and at precincts throughout the city. From 2004 onwards, each sector city hall also has under its administration a community police force (<i><a href="/wiki/Poli%C8%9Bia_Comunitar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliția Comunitară">Poliția Comunitară</a></i>), dealing with local community issues. Bucharest also houses the general inspectorates of the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_(Romania)" title="Gendarmerie (Romania)"><i>Gendarmerie</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">national police</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bucharest" title="Crime in Bucharest">Crime in Bucharest</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Romanian_Police_BMW_3_Series_G20_LCI_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="1528" /></a><figcaption>A National <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Romanian Police</a> car</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg/220px-Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg/330px-Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg/440px-Politia_Locala_Bucharest_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5443" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A car of the Local Police of Bucharest</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest's crime rate is rather low in comparison to other European capital cities, with the number of total offences declining by 51% between 2000 and 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-crimestats_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crimestats-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 7% between 2012 and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-bucurestipolitia2013_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bucurestipolitia2013-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bucharest, along with <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, was ranked among the top 100 safest cities in the world in a list compiled by Numbeo.<sup id="cite_ref-romania-insider.com_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romania-insider.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study found Bucharest to be very safe with regard to aspects such walking alone, home invasions, muggings, cars being stolen, assault, insults, assault due to skin color, ethnic origin, or gender, drug dealing, and armed robberies, with the only crimes in the high category being corruption and bribery.<sup id="cite_ref-romania-insider.com_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romania-insider.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of countries by intentional homicide rate">homicide rate</a> of Bucharest was 0,8 per 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crime in Bucharest is combated by national forces, such as the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Romanian Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_(Romania)" title="Gendarmerie (Romania)">Romanian Gendarmerie</a>, and by local forces, such as the Local Police of Bucharest. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg/220px-U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg/330px-U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg/440px-U.S._%26_Romanian_Forces_Conduct_Bilateral_Training_150225-M-XZ244-318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Gendarmerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Gendarmerie">Romanian Gendarmerie</a>, which is tasked with high-risk and specialized law enforcement duties, demonstrates room-clearing during a training exercise in Bucharest</figcaption></figure> <p>Although in the 2000s, a number of police crackdowns on <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organised crime</a> gangs occurred, such as the Cămătaru clan, organised crime generally has little impact on public life. Petty crime, however, is more common, particularly in the form of <a href="/wiki/Pickpocketing" title="Pickpocketing">pickpocketing</a>, which occurs mainly on the city's public transport network. <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trick">Confidence tricks</a> were common in the 1990s, especially in regards to tourists, but the frequency of these incidents has since declined. Theft was reduced by 13.6% in 2013 compared to 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-bucurestipolitia2013_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bucurestipolitia2013-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levels of crime are higher in the southern districts of the city, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Ferentari" title="Ferentari">Ferentari</a>, a socially disadvantaged area. </p><p>Although the presence of <a href="/wiki/Street_children" title="Street children">street children</a> was a problem in Bucharest in the 1990s, their numbers have declined in recent years, now lying at or below the average of major European capital cities.<sup id="cite_ref-hf_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hf-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quality_of_life">Quality of life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Quality of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As stated by the <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> international surveys for quality of life in cities around the world, Bucharest occupied the 94th place in 2001<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and slipped lower, to the 108th place in 2009 and the 107th place in 2010. Compared to it, Vienna occupied number one worldwide in 2011 and 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warsaw ranked 84th, Istanbul 112th, and neighbours Sofia 114th and Belgrade 136th (in the 2010 rankings).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mercer Human Resource Consulting issues yearly a global ranking of the world's most livable cities based on 39 key quality-of-life issues. Among them: political stability, currency-exchange regulations, political and media censorship, school quality, housing, the environment, and public safety. Mercer collects data worldwide, in 215 cities. The difficult situation of the quality of life in Bucharest is confirmed also by a vast urbanism study, done by the <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mincu_University_of_Architecture_and_Urbanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism">Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Bucharest's urban situation was described as 'critical' by a Romanian Order of Architects (OAR) report that criticised the city's weak, incoherent and arbitrary public management policies, its elected officials' lack of transparency and public engagement, as well as its inadequate and unsustainable use of essential urban resources.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bucharest's historical city centre is listed as 'endangered' by the <a href="/wiki/World_Monuments_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="World Monuments Watch">World Monuments Watch</a> (as of 2016).<sup id="cite_ref-wmf.org_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wmf.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although many neighbourhoods, particularly in the southern part of the city, lack sufficient green space, being formed of cramped, high-density blocks of flats, Bucharest also has many <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Bucharest was ranked by the digital publication Freaking Nomads as the 9th best city in the world for <a href="/wiki/Digital_nomad" title="Digital nomad">digital nomads</a>, due to its elaborate and diverse architecture, an arts scene featuring some of the world’s best galleries, museums, and theatres, and its tranquil parks.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Bucharest_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Bucharest population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1595 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1650 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1789 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,030</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,587</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+101.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">60,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1859 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">121,734</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+102.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1877 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">177,646</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+45.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">282,071</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+58.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">341,321</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">639,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+87.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">992,536</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,041,807</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,177,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,366,684</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1972 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,511,239</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1977 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,807,239</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,898,323</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1987 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,985,393</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1992 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,064,474</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,926,334</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−6.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,883,425</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,716,961</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">1851 data: <i><a href="/wiki/Chambers%27s_Encyclopaedia" title="Chambers's Encyclopaedia">Chambers's Encyclopaedia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1900: <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1941, 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other data:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As per the <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>, 1,716,961 inhabitants lived within the city limits, a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-RPL2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decrease is due to low natural increase, but also to a shift in population from the city itself to its smaller <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite towns</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pope%C8%99ti-Leordeni" title="Popești-Leordeni">Popești-Leordeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voluntari" title="Voluntari">Voluntari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiajna" title="Chiajna">Chiajna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bragadiru" title="Bragadiru">Bragadiru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pantelimon,_Ilfov" title="Pantelimon, Ilfov">Pantelimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buftea" title="Buftea">Buftea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otopeni" title="Otopeni">Otopeni</a>. In a study published by the United Nations, Bucharest placed 19th among 28 cities that recorded sharp declines in population from 1990 to the mid-2010s. In particular, the population fell by 3.77%.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's population, according to the 2002 census, was 1,926,334 inhabitants,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 8.9% of the total population of Romania. A significant number of people commute to the city every day, mostly from the surrounding Ilfov County, but official statistics regarding their numbers do not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bucharest's population experienced two phases of rapid growth, the first beginning in the late 19th century when the city was consolidated as the national capital and lasting until the Second World War, and the second during the Ceaușescu years (1965–1989), when a massive urbanization campaign was launched and many people migrated from rural areas to the capital. At this time, due to Ceaușescu's decision to ban abortion and contraception, <a href="/wiki/Natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural increase">natural increase</a> was also significant. </p><p>Bucharest is a city of high <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a>: 8,260/km<sup>2</sup> (21,400/sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as most of the population lives in high-density communist era <a href="/wiki/Tower_block#Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Tower block">apartment blocks</a> (<i>blocuri</i>). However, this also depends on the part of the city: the southern boroughs have a higher density than the northern ones. Of the European Union country capital-cities, only <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> have a higher population density (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_cities_proper_by_population_density" title="List of European Union cities proper by population density">List of European Union cities proper by population density</a>). In addition to blocks of flats built during the communist era, there are also older interwar ones, as well as newer ones built in the 1990s and in the 21st century. Although apartment buildings are strongly associated with the communist era, such housing schemes were first introduced in Bucharest in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 97.3% of the population of Bucharest for whom data are available is <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other significant ethnic groups are <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>, Hungarians, Turks, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">Germans</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Regat_Germans" title="Regat Germans">Regat Germans</a>), Chinese, Russians, Ukrainians, and Italians. A relatively small number of Bucharesters are also <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Romania" title="Greeks in Romania">Greeks</a>, Armenians, Kurds, Bulgarians, Albanians, Poles, French, Arabs, Africans (including the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Romanians" title="Afro-Romanians">Afro-Romanians</a>), Iranians, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Nepalis, Afghans, Sri Lankans, Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, and Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 226,943 people did not declare their ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of religious affiliation, 96.1% of the population for whom data are available is <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox</a>, 1.2% is <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Roman-Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Roman-Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>, 0.5% is <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Muslim</a>, and 0.4% is <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic">Romanian Greek Catholic</a>. Despite this, only 18% of the population, of any religion, attends a place of worship once a week or more.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life expectancy of residents of Bucharest in 2015 was 77.8 years old, which is 2.4 years above the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bucharest" title="Economy of Bucharest">Economy of Bucharest</a></div> <p>Bucharest is the centre of the Romanian economy and industry, accounting for around 24% (2017) of the country's GDP and about one-quarter of its industrial production, while being inhabited by 9% of the country's population.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost one-third of national taxes is paid by Bucharest's citizens and companies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The living standard in the Bucharest–Ilfov region was 145% of the EU average in 2017, according to GDP per capita at the <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> standard (adjusted to the national price level). </p><p>The Bucharest area surpassed, on comparable terms, European metropolitan areas such as <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> (139%), <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (125%), <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (118%), <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (110%), <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (102%), and <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> (79%), and more than twice the Romanian average.<sup id="cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec.europa.eu-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After relative stagnation in the 1990s, the city's strong economic growth has revitalised infrastructure and led to the development of shopping malls, residential estates, and high-rise office buildings. In January 2013, Bucharest had an unemployment rate of 2.1%, significantly lower than the national unemployment rate of 5.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_Business_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bucharest_Business_District.jpg/220px-Bucharest_Business_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bucharest_Business_District.jpg/330px-Bucharest_Business_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bucharest_Business_District.jpg/440px-Bucharest_Business_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Floreasca_City_Center" title="Floreasca City Center">Floreasca City Center</a> business district, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Her%C4%83str%C4%83u" title="Lake Herăstrău">Lake Herăstrău</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest's economy is centred on industry and <a href="/wiki/Service_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service Sector">services</a>, with services particularly growing in importance in the past 10 years. The headquarters of 186,000 firms, including nearly all large Romanian companies, are located in Bucharest.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important source of growth since 2000 has been the city's rapidly expanding property and construction sector. Bucharest is also Romania's largest centre for information technology and communications and is home to several software companies operating offshore delivery centres. Romania's largest stock exchange, the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Bucharest Stock Exchange</a>, which was merged in December 2005 with the Bucharest-based electronic stock exchange <a href="/wiki/Rasdaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasdaq">Rasdaq</a>, plays a major role in the city's economy. </p><p>Malls and large shopping centres have been built since the late 1990s, such as <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa_Shopping_City" title="Băneasa Shopping City">Băneasa Shopping City</a>, <a href="/wiki/AFI_Palace_Cotroceni" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI Palace Cotroceni">AFI Palace Cotroceni</a>, Mega Mall, <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_Mall" title="București Mall">București Mall</a>, ParkLake Shopping Centre, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Plaza_(Bucharest)" title="Sun Plaza (Bucharest)">Sun Plaza</a>, Promenada Mall and longest <a href="/wiki/Unirea_Shopping_Center" title="Unirea Shopping Center">Unirea Shopping Centre</a>. Bucharest has <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Romania" title="List of shopping malls in Romania">over 20 malls</a> as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The corporations <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubisoft Bucharest">Ubisoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> are all present in the Romanian capital. The top ten is also dominated by companies operating in automotive, oil & gas (such as <a href="/wiki/Petrom" title="Petrom">Petrom</a>), as well as companies in telecommunication and <a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">FMCG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Speedtest.net" title="Speedtest.net">Speedtest</a> Global Index ranks Bucharest the 6th city in the world (after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>) in terms of fixed <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> speed, at 250<a href="/wiki/Data-rate_units" title="Data-rate units">Mbps</a> as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_sediul_IBM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IBM Bucharest"><img alt="IBM Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2017_sediul_IBM.jpg/120px-2017_sediul_IBM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2017_sediul_IBM.jpg/180px-2017_sediul_IBM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2017_sediul_IBM.jpg/240px-2017_sediul_IBM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> Bucharest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Floreasca City Center (including SkyTower and Oracle headquarters)"><img alt="Floreasca City Center (including SkyTower and Oracle headquarters)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg/120px-Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg/180px-Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg/240px-Skyscrapers_in_Bucharest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Floreasca_City_Center" title="Floreasca City Center">Floreasca City Center</a> (including SkyTower and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> headquarters)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazon operates office space in the Globalworth Tower."><img alt="Amazon operates office space in the Globalworth Tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg/120px-Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg/180px-Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg/240px-Globalworth_Tower_Bucharest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> operates office space in the <a href="/wiki/Globalworth_Tower" title="Globalworth Tower">Globalworth Tower</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrom_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Petrom City"><img alt="Petrom City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Petrom_City.jpg/120px-Petrom_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Petrom_City.jpg/180px-Petrom_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Petrom_City.jpg/240px-Petrom_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Petrom" title="Petrom">Petrom</a> City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unirea Shopping Center"><img alt="Unirea Shopping Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg/120px-IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg/180px-IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg/240px-IMG-20171002-15321-romania-unirea-bucharest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Unirea_Shopping_Center" title="Unirea Shopping Center">Unirea Shopping Center</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_(9434236245).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AFI Cotroceni"><img alt="AFI Cotroceni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg/120px-Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg/180px-Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg/240px-Bucharest_Day_4_-_AFI_Cotroceni_%289434236245%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AFI_Cotroceni" title="AFI Cotroceni">AFI Cotroceni</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg/220px-Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg/330px-Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg/440px-Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Bucharest Metro</a> has 64 stations.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest is crossed by two major international routes: <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_corridors" title="Pan-European corridors">Pan-European transport corridor</a> <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_IV" title="Pan-European Corridor IV">IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_IX" title="Pan-European Corridor IX">IX</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest" title="Transport in Bucharest">Transport in Bucharest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg/220px-Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg/330px-Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg/440px-Otokar_Kent_C_6556_at_Universitate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otokar_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Otokar Kent">Otokar Kent</a> bus at the Universitate junction</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg/200px-Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg/300px-Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg/400px-Metro_Bucure%C8%99ti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Bucharest Metro Network Map</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Bucharest's public transport system is the largest in Romania and one of the largest in Europe. It is made up of the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Bucharest Metro</a>, run by <a href="/wiki/Metrorex" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrorex">Metrorex</a>, as well as a surface transport system run by <a href="/wiki/RATB" class="mw-redirect" title="RATB">STB</a> (<i>Societatea de Transport București</i>, previously known as the RATB), which consists of buses, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Bucharest">trams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Light_rail" title="Bucharest Light rail">light rail</a>. In addition, a private <a href="/wiki/Marshrutka#The_South_Caucasus_states" title="Marshrutka">minibus system</a> operates there. As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a limit of 10,000 taxicab licences was imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bucharest Metro consists of five lines (<a href="/wiki/M1_Line_(Bucharest_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Line (Bucharest Metro)">M1</a>, <a href="/wiki/M2_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Line">M2</a>, <a href="/wiki/M3_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Line">M3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M4" title="Bucharest Metro Line M4">M4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M5" title="Bucharest Metro Line M5">M5</a>) ran by <a href="/wiki/Metrorex" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrorex">Metrorex</a>, and is one of the fastest ways to get around the city. The oldest metro line is M1, which was opened in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newest metro line is M5, which was opened in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sixth metro line, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M6" title="Bucharest Metro Line M6">M6</a> line, is currently under construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg/220px-Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg/330px-Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg/440px-Exterior_of_the_Bucharest_North_Station_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3741" data-file-height="2599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gara_de_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Gara de Nord">Gara de Nord</a> (North Railway Station)</figcaption></figure> <p>It is the hub of Romania's national railway network, run by <i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne" title="Căile Ferate Române">Căile Ferate Române</a></i>. The main railway station is <a href="/wiki/Gara_de_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Gara de Nord">Gara de Nord</a> ('North Station'), which provides connections to all major cities in Romania, as well as international destinations: <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, etc. </p><p>The city has five other railway stations run by CFR, of which the most important are Basarab (adjacent to North Station), Obor, Băneasa, and Progresul. These are in the process of being integrated into a commuter railway serving Bucharest and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ilfov_County" title="Ilfov County">Ilfov County</a>. Seven main lines radiate out of Bucharest. </p><p>The oldest station in Bucharest is Filaret. It was inaugurated in 1869, and in 1960, the communist government turned it in a bus terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg/260px-Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg/390px-Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg/520px-Otopeni-henri-coanda-airport-march-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4236" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>Henri Coandă International Airport</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coand%C4%83_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Coandă International Airport">Henri Coandă International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA" class="mw-redirect" title="IATA">IATA</a>: OTP, <a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a>: LROP), located 16.5 km (10.3 mi) north of the Bucharest city centre, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Otopeni" title="Otopeni">Otopeni</a>, Ilfov. It is the busiest airport in Romania, in terms of passenger traffic: 12,807,032 in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Vlaicu_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurel Vlaicu International Airport">Aurel Vlaicu International Airport</a> (IATA: BBU, ICAO: LRBS) is Bucharest's business and VIP airport. It is situated only 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the Bucharest city centre, within city limits.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bucharest is a major intersection of <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania" title="Roads in Romania">Romania's national road network</a>. A few of the busiest national roads and motorways link the city to all of Romania's major cities, as well as to neighbouring countries such as Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The <a href="/wiki/A1_freeway_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="A1 freeway (Romania)">A1</a> to Pitești, and from Sibiu to the Hungarian border, the <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Romania)" title="A2 motorway (Romania)">A2 Sun Motorway</a> to the Dobrogea region and Constanța, and the <a href="/wiki/A3_freeway_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="A3 freeway (Romania)">A3</a> to Ploiești all start from Bucharest. </p><p>A series of high-capacity boulevards, which generally radiate out from the city centre to the outskirts, provides a framework for the municipal road system. The main axes, which run north–south, east–west and northwest–southeast, as well as one internal and one external ring road, support the bulk of the traffic. </p><p>The city's roads are usually very crowded during rush hours, due to an increase in car ownership in recent years. In 2013, the number of cars registered in Bucharest amounted to 1,125,591.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This results in wear and <a href="/wiki/Pothole" title="Pothole">potholes</a> appearing on busy roads, particularly secondary roads, this being identified as one of Bucharest's main infrastructural problems. A comprehensive effort on behalf of the City Hall to boost road infrastructure was made, and according to the general development plan, 2,000 roads have been repaired by 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The huge number of cars registered in the city forced the Romanian Auto Registry to switch to 3-digit numbers on <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Romania" title="Vehicle registration plates of Romania">registration plates</a> in 2010. </p><p>On 17 June 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Basarab_Overpass" title="Basarab Overpass">Basarab Overpass</a> was inaugurated and opened to traffic, thus completing the inner city traffic ring. The overpass took five years to build and is the longest <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a> in Romania and the widest such bridge in Europe;<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> upon completion, traffic on the <a href="/wiki/Grant_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Bridge">Grant Bridge</a> and in the Gara de Nord area became noticeably more fluid.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LaminoruluiStation2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest Metro"><img alt="Bucharest Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LaminoruluiStation2.jpg/120px-LaminoruluiStation2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LaminoruluiStation2.jpg/180px-LaminoruluiStation2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LaminoruluiStation2.jpg/240px-LaminoruluiStation2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Bucharest Metro</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_(Bucure%C8%99ti)_-_Exterior,_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astra Imperio"><img alt="Astra Imperio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg/120px-Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg/180px-Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg/240px-Tramvai_Imperio_Metropoltan_%28Bucure%C8%99ti%29_-_Exterior%2C_Fa%C8%9B%C4%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Astra_Imperio" title="Astra Imperio">Astra Imperio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:405(2016.06.15)-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_(27411159710).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucur LF tram on Basarab Overpass"><img alt="Bucur LF tram on Basarab Overpass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg/120px-405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg/180px-405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg/240px-405%282016.06.15%29-1-_Bucur_LF-CH_%2827411159710%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucur_LF" title="Bucur LF">Bucur LF</a> tram on <a href="/wiki/Basarab_Overpass" title="Basarab Overpass">Basarab Overpass</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercedes-Benz Citaro"><img alt="Mercedes-Benz Citaro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg/120px-STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg/180px-STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg/240px-STB_S.A._Mercedes_Citaro_cu_motor_de_propulsie_Euro_6_sau_HYBRID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Citaro" title="Mercedes-Benz Citaro">Mercedes-Benz Citaro</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solaris Trollino"><img alt="Solaris Trollino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg/120px-Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg/180px-Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg/240px-Bucharest_Solaris_Trollino_12M.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8160" data-file-height="6144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Solaris_Trollino" title="Solaris Trollino">Solaris Trollino</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basarab Overpass"><img alt="Basarab Overpass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg/120px-Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg/180px-Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg/240px-Pasajul_Basarab_-_Noaptea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Basarab_Overpass" title="Basarab Overpass">Basarab Overpass</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Buzesti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buzești Street"><img alt="Buzești Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Strada_Buzesti.jpg/120px-Strada_Buzesti.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Strada_Buzesti.jpg/180px-Strada_Buzesti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Strada_Buzesti.jpg/240px-Strada_Buzesti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buzești Street</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg/220px-Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg/330px-Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg/440px-Dambovita_near_Ciurel_Bridge_in_Bucharest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Dâmbovița (river)">Dâmbovița</a> river in Bucharest</figcaption></figure> <p>Although it is situated on the banks of a river, Bucharest has never functioned as a port city. Other Romanian cities such as <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a> serve as the country's main ports. The unfinished <a href="/wiki/Danube-Bucharest_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube-Bucharest Canal">Danube-Bucharest Canal</a>, which is 73 km (45 mi) long and around 70% completed, could link Bucharest to the <a href="/wiki/Danube_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube River">Danube River</a>, and via the <a href="/wiki/Danube-Black_Sea_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube-Black Sea Canal">Danube-Black Sea Canal</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. Works on the canal were suspended in 1989, but proposals have been made to resume construction as part of the European Strategy for the Danube Region.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture of Romania</a></div> <p>Bucharest has a growing cultural scene, in fields including the visual arts, performing arts, and nightlife. Unlike other parts of Romania, such as the Black Sea coast or <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, Bucharest's cultural scene has no defined style, and instead incorporates elements of Romanian and international culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bucharest has landmark buildings and monuments. Perhaps the most prominent of these is the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a>, built in the 1980s during the rule of Communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_buildings_in_the_world#Special_categories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest buildings in the world">largest Parliament building</a> in the world, the palace houses the Romanian Parliament (the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Chamber of Deputies</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a>), as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Romania)" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art (Romania)">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a>. The building boasts one of the largest convention centres in the world. </p><p>Another landmark in Bucharest is <a href="/wiki/Arcul_de_Triumf" title="Arcul de Triumf">Arcul de Triumf</a> ("The Triumphal Arch"), built in its current form in 1935 and modelled after the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a> in Paris. A newer landmark of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_of_Rebirth" title="Memorial of Rebirth">Memorial of Rebirth</a>, a stylised marble pillar unveiled in 2005 to commemorate the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a> of 1989, which overthrew Communism. The abstract monument sparked controversy when it was unveiled, being dubbed with names such as 'the olive on the toothpick' (<i>măslina-n scobitoare</i>), as many argued that it does not fit in its surroundings and believed that its choice was political.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Athenaeum" title="Romanian Athenaeum">Romanian Athenaeum</a> building is considered a symbol of Romanian culture and since 2007 has been on the list of the Label of European Heritage sites. It was built between 1886 and 1888 by the architect Paul Louis Albert Galeron, through public funding.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="InterContinental Bucharest">InterContinental Bucharest</a> is a high-rise five-star hotel near University Square and is also a landmark of the city. The building is designed so that each room has a unique panorama of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Free_Press" title="House of the Free Press">House of the Spark</a> (<i>Casa Scânteii</i>) is a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomonosov Moscow State University">Lomonosov Moscow State University</a>. This edifice, built in the characteristic style of the large-scale Soviet projects, was intended to be representative of the new political regime and to assert the superiority of the Communist doctrine. Construction started in 1952 and was completed in 1957, a few years after Stalin's death in 1953. Popularly known as Casa Scânteii ('House of the Spark') after the name of the official gazette of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, <i>Scânteia</i>, it was made for the purpose of bringing together under one roof all of Bucharest's official press and publishing houses. It is the only building in Bucharest featuring the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_Sickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammer and Sickle">Hammer and Sickle</a>, the Red Star and other communist insignia carved into medallions adorning the façade. </p><p>Other cultural venues include the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art_of_Romania" title="National Museum of Art of Romania">National Museum of Art of Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Antipa_National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History">Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Romanian_Peasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Romanian Peasant">Museum of the Romanian Peasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Romanian_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Romanian History">National History Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Military_Museum_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Military Museum (Romania)">Military Museum</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Triumphal Arch was inaugurated in 1936."><img alt="The Triumphal Arch was inaugurated in 1936." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg/120px-Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg/180px-Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg/240px-Triumphal_Arch_Bucharest_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Arcul_de_Triumf" title="Arcul de Triumf">Triumphal Arch</a> was inaugurated in 1936.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="With a price tag of $250 million, Floreasca City Center opened in 2012.[110]"><img alt="With a price tag of $250 million, Floreasca City Center opened in 2012.[110]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg/90px-Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Sky_Tower_Bucharest_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">With a price tag of $250 million, <a href="/wiki/Floreasca_City_Center" title="Floreasca City Center">Floreasca City Center</a> opened in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii,_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Bucharest fountains in the Unirii Square"><img alt="Downtown Bucharest fountains in the Unirii Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg/120px-Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg/180px-Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg/240px-Ansamblul_de_f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni_din_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Downtown Bucharest fountains in the <a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii" title="Piața Unirii">Unirii Square</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the Cărturești Carusel Bookstore"><img alt="Interior of the Cărturești Carusel Bookstore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg/120px-Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg/180px-Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg/240px-Libraria_Carturesti_Carusel_-_Interior_ziua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1605" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rture%C8%99ti_Carusel_Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cărturești Carusel Bookstore">Cărturești Carusel Bookstore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magheru Boulevard is one of the most expensive streets in the world.[111][112]"><img alt="Magheru Boulevard is one of the most expensive streets in the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg/90px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg/135px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg/180px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Bulevardul_Magheru_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bulevardul_Magheru" title="Bulevardul Magheru">Magheru Boulevard</a> is one of the most expensive streets in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThermeBucuresti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Therme Bucharest spa is Europe's biggest urban beach.[113]"><img alt="Therme Bucharest spa is Europe's biggest urban beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ThermeBucuresti.jpg/120px-ThermeBucuresti.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ThermeBucuresti.jpg/180px-ThermeBucuresti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ThermeBucuresti.jpg/240px-ThermeBucuresti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Therme Bucharest spa is Europe's biggest urban beach.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Palace_(AP4K1357_1PS)_(29291577856).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg/220px-The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg/330px-The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg/440px-The_Royal_Palace_%28AP4K1357_1PS%29_%2829291577856%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art_of_Romania" title="National Museum of Art of Romania">National Museum of Art of Romania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania,_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa;_B-II-m-A-18983_(Interior,_detaliu_31).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG/220px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG/330px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG/440px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Muzeul_National_de_Istorie_Naturala_Grigore_Antipa%3B_B-II-m-A-18983_%28Interior%2C_detaliu_31%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Antipa_National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History">Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In terms of <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>, the city has museums featuring both classical and contemporary Romanian art, as well as selected international works. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art_of_Romania" title="National Museum of Art of Romania">National Museum of Art of Romania</a> is perhaps the best-known of Bucharest museums. It is located in the royal palace and features collections of medieval and modern Romanian art, including works by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, as well as an international collection assembled by the Romanian royal family. </p><p>Other, smaller, museums contain specialised collections. The <a href="/wiki/Zambaccian_Museum" title="Zambaccian Museum">Zambaccian Museum</a>, which is situated in the former home of art collector Krikor H. Zambaccian, contains works by well-known Romanian artists and international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Tattarescu" title="Gheorghe Tattarescu">Gheorghe Tattarescu</a> Museum contains portraits of Romanian revolutionaries in exile such as <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Magheru" title="Gheorghe Magheru">Gheorghe Magheru</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">ștefan Golescu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu" title="Nicolae Bălcescu">Nicolae Bălcescu</a>, and allegorical compositions with revolutionary (<i>Romania's rebirth</i>, 1849) and patriotic (<i>The <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities#United_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Principalities' Unification</a></i>, 1857) themes. Another impressive art collection gathering important Romanian painters, can be found at the Ligia and Pompiliu Macovei residence, which is open to visitors as it is now part of the Bucharest Museum patrimony. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Pallady_Museum" title="Theodor Pallady Museum">Theodor Pallady Museum</a> is situated in one of the oldest surviving merchant houses in Bucharest and includes works by Romanian painter <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Pallady" title="Theodor Pallady">Theodor Pallady</a>, as well as European and oriental furniture pieces. The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Art_Collections" title="Museum of Art Collections">Museum of Art Collections</a> contains the collections of Romanian art aficionados, including Krikor Zambaccian and Theodor Pallady. </p><p>Despite the classical art galleries and museums in the city, a contemporary arts scene also exists. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Romania)" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art (Romania)">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (MNAC), situated in a wing of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a>, was opened in 2004 and contains Romanian and international contemporary art. The MNAC also manages the Kalinderu MediaLab, which caters to multimedia and experimental art. Private art galleries are scattered throughout the city centre. </p><p>The palace of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank of Romania</a> houses the national <a href="/wiki/Numismatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatic">numismatic</a> collection. Exhibits include banknotes, coins, documents, photographs, maps, silver and gold bullion bars, bullion coins, and dies and moulds. The building was constructed between 1884 and 1890. The thesaurus room contains notable marble decorations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._(B-II-m-B-19854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg/220px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg/330px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg/440px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Teatrul_ODEON._Zi_de_vara._Biciclista._%28B-II-m-B-19854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Theatre_(Bucharest)" title="Odeon Theatre (Bucharest)">Odeon Theatre</a> in June 2018</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> are some of the strongest cultural elements of Bucharest. The most famous symphony orchestra is <a href="/wiki/National_Radio_Orchestra_of_Romania" title="National Radio Orchestra of Romania">National Radio Orchestra of Romania</a>. One of the most prominent buildings is the neoclassical <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Athenaeum" title="Romanian Athenaeum">Romanian Athenaeum</a>, which was founded in 1852, and hosts classical music concerts, the <a href="/wiki/George_Enescu_Festival" title="George Enescu Festival">George Enescu Festival</a>, and is home to the <a href="/wiki/George_Enescu_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra">George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra</a>. </p><p>Bucharest is home to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Bucharest" title="Romanian National Opera, Bucharest">Romanian National Opera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/I.L._Caragiale_National_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="I.L. Caragiale National Theatre">I.L. Caragiale National Theatre</a>. Another well-known theatre in Bucharest is the <a href="/wiki/State_Jewish_Theater_(Romania)" title="State Jewish Theater (Romania)">State Jewish Theatre</a>, which features plays starring world-renowned Romanian-Jewish actress <a href="/wiki/Maia_Morgenstern" title="Maia Morgenstern">Maia Morgenstern</a>. Smaller theatres throughout the city cater to specific genres, such as the Comedy Theatre, the Nottara Theatre, the <a href="/wiki/Bulandra_Theatre" title="Bulandra Theatre">Bulandra Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Theatre_(Bucharest)" title="Odeon Theatre (Bucharest)">Odeon Theatre</a>, and the revue theatre of <a href="/wiki/Constantin_T%C4%83nase" title="Constantin Tănase">Constantin Tănase</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_nightlife">Music and nightlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Music and nightlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liscani_Street_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Liscani_Street_3.jpg/220px-Liscani_Street_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Liscani_Street_3.jpg/330px-Liscani_Street_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Liscani_Street_3.jpg/440px-Liscani_Street_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Old_Town" title="Bucharest Old Town">Old Town</a> is the heart of Bucharest nightlife.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bucharest is home to Romania's largest recording labels, and is often the residence of Romanian musicians. Romanian rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s, such as <a href="/wiki/IRIS_(Romanian_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="IRIS (Romanian band)">Iris</a> and Holograf, continue to be popular, particularly with the middle-aged, while since the beginning of the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a> scene has developed. Hip-hop bands and artists from Bucharest such as <a href="/wiki/B.U.G._Mafia" title="B.U.G. Mafia">B.U.G. Mafia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parazi%C8%9Bii" title="Paraziții">Paraziții</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Familia_(rap_group)" title="La Familia (rap group)">La Familia</a> enjoy national and international recognition. </p><p>The pop-rock band <a href="/wiki/Taxi_(Romanian_band)" title="Taxi (Romanian band)">Taxi</a> have been gaining international respect, as has <a href="/wiki/Spitalul_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Spitalul de Urgență">Spitalul de Urgență</a>'s raucous updating of traditional <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romanian music</a>. While many neighbourhood <a href="/wiki/Discoth%C3%A8que" class="mw-redirect" title="Discothèque">discos</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">manele</a></i>, an Oriental- and Roma-influenced genre of music that is particularly popular in Bucharest's working-class districts, the city has a rich <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> scene, and to an even larger extent, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a>/<a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Punk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk music">punk</a> scenes. Bucharest's jazz profile has especially risen since 2002, with the presence of two venues, Green Hours and Art Jazz, as well as an American presence alongside established Romanians. </p><p>With no central nightlife strip, entertainment venues are dispersed throughout the city, with clusters in <a href="/wiki/Lipscani" title="Lipscani">Lipscani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regie,_Bucharest" title="Regie, Bucharest">Regie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_events_and_festivals">Cultural events and festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cultural events and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of cultural festivals are held in Bucharest throughout the year, but most festivals take place in June, July, and August. The National Opera organises the International Opera Festival every year in May and June, which includes ensembles and orchestras from all over the world. </p><p>The Romanian Athaeneum Society hosts the <a href="/wiki/George_Enescu_Festival" title="George Enescu Festival">George Enescu Festival</a> at locations throughout the city in September every two years (odd years). The Museum of the Romanian Peasant and the Village Museum organise events throughout the year, showcasing Romanian folk arts and crafts. </p><p>In the 2000s, due to the growing prominence of the Chinese community in Bucharest, Chinese cultural events took place. The first officially organised Chinese festival was the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>'s Eve Festival of February 2005, which took place in Nichita Stănescu Park and was organised by the Bucharest City Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Bucharest was the first city in Southeastern Europe to host the international <a href="/wiki/CowParade" title="CowParade">CowParade</a>, which resulted in dozens of decorated cow sculptures being placed across the city. </p><p>In 2004, Bucharest imposed in the circle of important festivals in Eastern Europe with the Bucharest International Film Festival, an event widely acknowledged in Europe, having as guests of honour famous names from the world cinema: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Konchalovsky" title="Andrei Konchalovsky">Andrei Konchalovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danis_Tanovi%C4%87" title="Danis Tanović">Danis Tanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Mikhalkov" title="Nikita Mikhalkov">Nikita Mikhalkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutger_Hauer" title="Rutger Hauer">Rutger Hauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Skolimowski" title="Jerzy Skolimowski">Jerzy Skolimowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Harlan" title="Jan Harlan">Jan Harlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radu_Mih%C4%83ileanu" title="Radu Mihăileanu">Radu Mihăileanu</a>, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2005, Bucharest has its own contemporary <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">art biennale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Biennale" title="Bucharest Biennale">Bucharest Biennale</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian Athenaeum"><img alt="Romanian Athenaeum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/120px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/180px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/240px-Ateneul_Rom%C3%A2n_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Athenaeum" title="Romanian Athenaeum">Romanian Athenaeum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Enescu Festival"><img alt="George Enescu Festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg/120px-Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg/180px-Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg/240px-Violetta_in_concert._Bucharest_Phylharmony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/George_Enescu_Festival" title="George Enescu Festival">George Enescu Festival</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania,_OPERA_ROMANA,_B-II-m-B-19004_(Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI)_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="National Opera"><img alt="National Opera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG/120px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG/180px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG/240px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_OPERA_ROMANA%2C_B-II-m-B-19004_%28Statuia_lui_George_Enescu_in_fata_OPEREI%29_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Bucharest" title="Romanian National Opera, Bucharest">National Opera</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mihail Jora Hall"><img alt="Mihail Jora Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg/120px-Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg/180px-Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg/240px-Sala_Radio_Mihail_Jora_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sala_Radio" title="Sala Radio">Mihail Jora Hall</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_culture">Traditional culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Traditional culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG/220px-Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG/330px-Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG/440px-Bucarest_Musee_national_du_village56.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Traditional wooden church at the <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti_National_Village_Museum" title="Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum">Village Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional Romanian culture continues to have a major influence in arts such as theatre, film, and music. Bucharest has two internationally renowned <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographic</a> museums, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Romanian_Peasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Romanian Peasant">Museum of the Romanian Peasant</a> and the open-air <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti_National_Village_Museum_in_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum in Bucharest">Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum</a>, in <a href="/wiki/King_Michael_I_Park" title="King Michael I Park">King Michael I Park</a>. It contains 272 authentic buildings and peasant farms from all over Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Museum of the Romanian Peasant was declared the European Museum of the Year in 1996. Patronised by the Ministry of Culture, the museum preserves and exhibits numerous collections of objects and monuments of material and spiritual culture. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant holds one of the richest collections of peasant objects in Romania, its heritage being nearly 90,000 pieces, those being divided into several collections: ceramics, costumes, textiles, wooden objects, religious objects, customs, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Romanian_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Romanian History">Museum of Romanian History</a> is another important museum in Bucharest, containing a collection of artefacts detailing Romanian history and culture from the prehistoric times, <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacian</a> era, medieval times, and the modern era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bucharest is the seat of the Patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> churches in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, and also of its subdivisions, the Metropolis of Muntenia and Dobrudja and the Archbishopric of Bucharest. Orthodox believers consider Demetrius of Basarabov to be the patron saint of the city. </p><p>The city is a centre for other Christian organizations in Romania, including the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bucharest" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest</a>, established in 1883, and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic">Romanian Greek-Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Bucharest" title="Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Bucharest">Eparchy of Saint Basil the Great</a>, founded in 2014. </p><p>Bucharest also hosts six synagogues, including the <a href="/wiki/Templul_Coral" class="mw-redirect" title="Templul Coral">Choral Temple of Bucharest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Bucharest)" title="Great Synagogue (Bucharest)">Great Synagogue of Bucharest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(Bucharest)" title="Jewish Museum (Bucharest)">Holy Union Temple</a>. The latter was converted into the Museum of the History of the Romanian Jewish Community, while the Great Synagogue and the Choral Temple are both active and hold regular services.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Mosque of Bucharest">mosque</a> with a capacity for 2,000 people<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was in the planning stages at 22–30 Expoziției Boulevard. The project was later abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are several smaller <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> mosques active in Bucharest.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate"><img alt="Palace of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Palatul_Patriarhiei_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Patriarchate" title="Palace of the Patriarchate">Palace of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_greaca.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Bucharest"><img alt="Greek Orthodox Church of Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Biserica_greaca.JPG/120px-Biserica_greaca.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Biserica_greaca.JPG/180px-Biserica_greaca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Biserica_greaca.JPG/240px-Biserica_greaca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2628" data-file-height="2251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Church_(Bucharest)" title="Greek Church (Bucharest)">Greek Orthodox Church of Bucharest</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_(2023-04).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Joseph Roman Catholic Cathedral"><img alt="St. Joseph Roman Catholic Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg/120px-Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg/180px-Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg/240px-Catedrala_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Iosif_din_Bucure%C8%99ti_%282023-04%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Cathedral,_Bucharest" title="Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest">St. Joseph Roman Catholic Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Italian Roman Catholic Church"><img alt="Italian Roman Catholic Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG/120px-Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG/180px-Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG/240px-Detalii_de_arhitectura.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Church_(Bucharest)" title="Italian Church (Bucharest)">Italian Roman Catholic Church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anglican Church of the Resurrection"><img alt="Anglican Church of the Resurrection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg/120px-Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg/180px-Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg/240px-Biserica_%E2%80%9E%C3%8Envierii%22_-_Anglican%C4%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_(Bucharest)" title="Anglican Church (Bucharest)">Anglican Church of the Resurrection</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city centre is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">medieval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> buildings, as well as 'neo-Romanian' buildings dating from the beginning of the 20th century and a collection of modern buildings from the 1920s and 1930s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The mostly utilitarian Communist-era architecture dominates most southern boroughs. Recently built contemporary structures such as skyscrapers and office buildings complete the landscape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_architecture">Historical architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Historical architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:33,_Strada_Francez%C4%83,_Bucharest_(Romania).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/220px-33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/330px-33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/440px-33%2C_Strada_Francez%C4%83%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3314" data-file-height="2939" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Curtea_Veche_Church" title="Curtea Veche Church">Curtea Veche Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Of the city's <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> architecture, most of what survived into modern times was destroyed by communist <a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">systematization</a>, fire, and military incursions. Some medieval and renaissance edifices remain, the most notable are in the Lipscani area. This precinct contains notable buildings such as <a href="/wiki/Manuc%27s_Inn" title="Manuc's Inn">Manuc's Inn</a> (<i>Hanul lui Manuc</i>) and the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Curtea_Veche" title="Curtea Veche">Old Court</a> (<i>Curtea Veche</i>); during the late Middle Ages, this area was the heart of commerce in Bucharest. From the 1970s onwards, the area went through urban decline, and many historical buildings fell into disrepair. In 2005, the Lipscani area was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To execute a massive redevelopment project during the rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu, the government conducted extensive demolition of churches and many other historic structures in Romania. According to Alexandru Budișteanu, former chief architect of Bucharest, "The sight of a church bothered Ceaușescu. It didn't matter if they demolished or moved it, as long as it was no longer in sight". Nevertheless, a project organised by Romanian engineer Eugeniu Iordăchescu was able to move many historic structures to less-prominent sites and save them.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city centre has retained architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>, which is often seen as the 'golden age' of Bucharest architecture. During this time, the city grew in size and wealth, therefore seeking to emulate other large European capitals such as Paris. Much of the architecture of the time belongs to a Modern (rationalist) Architecture current, led by Horia Creangă and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Iancu" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcel Iancu">Marcel Iancu</a>. </p><p>In Romania, the tendencies of innovation in the architectural language met the need of valorisation and affirmation of the national cultural identity. The <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> movement found expression through new architectural style initiated by <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mincu" title="Ion Mincu">Ion Mincu</a> and taken over by other prestigious architects who capitalised important references of Romanian laic and medieval ecclesiastical architecture (for example the <a href="/wiki/Mogo%C8%99oaia_Palace" title="Mogoșoaia Palace">Mogoșoaia Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stavropoleos_Monastery" title="Stavropoleos Monastery">Stavropoleos Church</a> or the disappeared church of Văcărești Monastery) and Romanian folk motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian Revival architecture</a>, which was born as the result of the attempts of finding a specific Romanian architectural style, is exemplified though buildings such as <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Minovici_Folk_Art_Museum" title="Nicolae Minovici Folk Art Museum">Nicolae Minovici Folk Art Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Peasant_Museum" title="Romanian Peasant Museum">Romanian Peasant Museum</a>. </p><p>Another style of the 1930s is the Moorish-Florentine or Mediterranean Picturesque, which <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_architecture" title="Eclecticism in architecture">eclectically</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> elements in civic architecture, with a Mediterranean vibe, giving rise to <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival architecture</a>. </p><p>Some buildings from the interwar era have a modernist brutalist look, such as the Tehnoimport Building, which was built in 1935,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be mistaken as communist architecture. Modernist styles during the interwar period include <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>. </p><p>Two buildings from this time are the <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%9Bulescu_Palace" title="Crețulescu Palace">Crețulescu Palace</a>, housing cultural institutions including <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s European Centre for Higher Education, and the <a href="/wiki/Cotroceni_Palace" title="Cotroceni Palace">Cotroceni Palace</a>, the residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romanian President</a>. Many large-scale constructions such as the Gara de Nord, the busiest railway station in the city, National Bank of Romania's headquarters, and the <a href="/wiki/Telephones_Company_Building" title="Telephones Company Building">Telephones Company Building</a> date from these times. In the 2000s, some historic buildings in the city centre underwent restoration. In some residential areas of the city, particularly in high-income central and northern districts, <a href="/wiki/Fin-de-siecle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin-de-siecle">turn-of-the-20th-century</a> villas were mostly restored beginning in the late 1990s. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_CEC,_Bucarest,_Ruman%C3%ADa,_2016-05-29,_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CEC Palace"><img alt="CEC Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg/120px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg/180px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg/240px-Palacio_CEC%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_91-93_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7007" data-file-height="4038" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/CEC_Palace" title="CEC Palace">CEC Palace</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_(Romania).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cantacuzino Palace"><img alt="Cantacuzino Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/120px-The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/180px-The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/240px-The_Cantacuzino_Palace_from_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cantacuzino_Palace" title="Cantacuzino Palace">Cantacuzino Palace</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar,_Bucarest,_Ruman%C3%ADa,_2016-05-29,_DD_66.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of the National Military Circle"><img alt="Palace of the National Military Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg/120px-Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg/180px-Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg/240px-Palacio_del_C%C3%ADrculo_Nacional_Militar%2C_Bucarest%2C_Ruman%C3%ADa%2C_2016-05-29%2C_DD_66.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7894" data-file-height="5028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_National_Military_Circle" title="Palace of the National Military Circle">Palace of the National Military Circle</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania,_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse;_B-II-a-A-19837_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Macca Villacrosse Passage"><img alt="Macca Villacrosse Passage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG/120px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG/180px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG/240px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse%3B_B-II-a-A-19837_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse" title="Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse">Macca Villacrosse Passage</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:56,_Bulevardul_Dacia,_Bucharest_(Romania).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian Revival architecture (C.N. Câmpeanu/Alfred E. Gheorghiu House on Bulevardul Dacia)"><img alt="Romanian Revival architecture (C.N. Câmpeanu/Alfred E. Gheorghiu House on Bulevardul Dacia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/120px-56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/180px-56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg/240px-56%2C_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%28Romania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="2689" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian Revival architecture</a> (C.N. Câmpeanu/Alfred E. Gheorghiu House on Bulevardul Dacia)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14_Strada_George_Enescu,_Bucharest_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Window design on George Enescu street no. 14, an example of Mediterranean Revival architecture"><img alt="Window design on George Enescu street no. 14, an example of Mediterranean Revival architecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/112px-14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/168px-14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/223px-14_Strada_George_Enescu%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2951" data-file-height="3169" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Window design on George Enescu street no. 14, an example of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival architecture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Calea_Victoriei,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Telephones Company Building, an example of the Art Deco style"><img alt="The Telephones Company Building, an example of the Art Deco style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/76px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/114px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/152px-37_Calea_Victoriei%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="4230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Telephones_Company_Building" title="Telephones Company Building">Telephones Company Building</a>, an example of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> style</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communist_era_architecture">Communist era architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Communist era architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bucharest" title="Special:EditPage/Bucharest">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A major part of Bucharest's architecture is made up of buildings constructed during the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist era</a> replacing the historical architecture with high-density apartment blocks – significant portions of the <a href="/wiki/Ceau%C8%99ima" title="Ceaușima">historic centre of Bucharest</a> were demolished to construct one of the largest buildings in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a> (then officially called the House of the Republic). In Nicolae Ceaușescu's project of systematization, new buildings were built in previously historical areas, which were razed and then built upon. </p><p>Communist architecture broadly includes three stages: architecture that was built in the early years of communism, in the late 1940s and 1950s, which followed the Soviet Stalinist trend of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Realism">Socialist Realism</a>, an example being the <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Free_Press" title="House of the Free Press">House of the Free Press</a> (which was named <i>Casa Scînteii</i> during communism); postwar Modernism in the 1960s and the 1970s; and the <a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">systematization</a> program of the late 1970s and 1980s, which included mass demolitions of historical buildings and their replacement with <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> influenced buildings after Nicolae Ceaușescu visited <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> in 1971, and was impressed by its <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a> <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a>. </p><p>The Communist regime installed after World War II took control over all aspects of life, including architecture, dictating a uniform bureaucratic vision of urbanism and architectural design. <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej</a>, who was premier of the Socialist Republic of Romania from 1947 until 1965, began the country's policies of industrialization, with infrastructure development for heavy industry, and construction for mass resettlement to new industrial and agricultural centers away from Bucharest and other principal cities. The architecture from this period is more or less easy to spot, by its use of Neoclassical elements and proportions, but in a simplified way. There are also some small 3-4 floors "Russian blocks" from this era, some of them built of red bricks. </p><p>Communist-era architecture from the 1960s and 1970s can be found especially in Bucharest's residential districts, mainly in <i>blocuri</i>, which are high-density apartment blocks that house the majority of the city's population. Initially, these apartment blocks started to be constructed in the 1960s, on relatively empty areas and fields (good examples include Pajura, Drumul Taberei, Berceni and Titan), however with the 1970s, they mostly targeted peripheral neighbourhoods such as Colentina, Pantelimon, Militari and Rahova. Construction of these apartment blocks were also often randomised, for instance some small streets were demolished and later widened with the blocks being built next to them, but other neighbouring streets were left intact (like in the example of Calea Moșilor from 1978 to 1982), or built in various patterns such as the Piața Iancului-Lizeanu apartment buildings from 1962 to 1963. </p><p>The last years of communism were marked by major urban redevelopment schemes which changed dramatically the face of many cities, including Bucharest. One of the most singular examples of late stage communist architecture of the 1980s is <a href="/wiki/Centrul_Civic" title="Centrul Civic">Centrul Civic</a>, a development that replaced a major part of Bucharest's historic city centre with giant utilitarian buildings, mainly with <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> or <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> façades, inspired by North Korean architecture. The mass demolitions that occurred in the 1980s, under which an overall area of eight square kilometres of the historic centre of Bucharest were levelled, including monasteries, churches, synagogues, a hospital, and a noted <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> sports stadium, changed drastically the appearance of the city. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Palace of the Parliament (Romanian: Palatul Parlamentului, formerly and alternatively still known as Casa Poporului) is one of the largest buildings in the world"><img alt="The Palace of the Parliament (Romanian: Palatul Parlamentului, formerly and alternatively still known as Casa Poporului) is one of the largest buildings in the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/120px-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/180px-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/240px-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2951" data-file-height="2213" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Parliament" title="Palace of the Parliament">Palace of the Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Palatul Parlamentului</i>, formerly and alternatively still known as <i>Casa Poporului</i>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_buildings" title="List of largest buildings">largest buildings in the world</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian Academy's building"><img alt="Romanian Academy's building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg/120px-AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg/180px-AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg/240px-AcademiaRomana12rhd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>'s building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centrul Civic"><img alt="Centrul Civic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg/120px-View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg/180px-View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg/240px-View_from_the_Palace_of_Parliament_in_Bucharest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3867" data-file-height="2459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Centrul Civic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu's residence is available to visitors."><img alt="Nicolae Ceaușescu's residence is available to visitors." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg/120px-Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg/180px-Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg/240px-Bathroom_of_Palatul_Prim%C7%8Everii_-_Spring_Palace_-_in_Bucharest_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>'s residence is available to visitors.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Presei_Libere,_Bucuresti,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The House of the Free Press, formerly Casa Scînteii "I. V. Stalin". It was built in the 1950s and it is an example of Stalinist architecture from the early communist period."><img alt="The House of the Free Press, formerly Casa Scînteii "I. V. Stalin". It was built in the 1950s and it is an example of Stalinist architecture from the early communist period." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg/120px-Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg/180px-Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg/240px-Casa_Presei_Libere%2C_Bucuresti%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Free_Press" title="House of the Free Press">House of the Free Press</a>, formerly Casa Scînteii "I. V. Stalin". It was built in the 1950s and it is an example of <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a> from the early communist period. </div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_architecture">Contemporary architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Contemporary architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">the fall of communism in 1989</a>, several communist-era buildings have been refurbished, modernised, and used for other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the best example of this is the conversion of obsolete retail complexes into shopping malls and commercial centres. These giant, circular halls, which were unofficially called <a href="/wiki/Hunger_circus" title="Hunger circus">hunger circuses</a> due to the food shortages experienced in the 1980s, were constructed during the Ceaușescu era to act as produce markets and <a href="/wiki/Refectory" title="Refectory">refectories</a>, although most were left unfinished at the time of the revolution. </p><p>Modern shopping malls such as the <a href="/wiki/Unirea_Shopping_Center" title="Unirea Shopping Center">Unirea Shopping Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucharest Mall">Bucharest Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Romania" title="Plaza Romania">Plaza Romania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/City_Mall,_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="City Mall, Romania">City Mall</a> emerged on pre-existent structures of former hunger circuses. Another example is the conversion of a large utilitarian construction in Centrul Civic into a <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott Hotel</a>. This process was accelerated after 2000, when the city underwent a property boom, and many communist-era buildings in the city centre became prime real estate due to their location. Many communist-era apartment blocks have also been refurbished to improve urban appearance. </p><p>The newest contribution to Bucharest's architecture took place after the fall of communism, particularly after 2000, when the city went through a period of urban renewal – and architectural revitalization – on the back of Romania's economic growth. Buildings from this time are mostly made of glass and steel, and often have more than 10 stories. Examples include shopping malls (particularly the Bucharest Mall, a conversion and extension of an abandoned building), office buildings, bank headquarters, etc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the 21st century, several high rise office buildings were built, particularly in the northern and eastern parts of the city. Additionally, a trend to add modern wings and façades to historic buildings has occurred, the most prominent example of which is the Bucharest Architects' Association Building, which is a modern glass-and-steel construction built inside a historic stone façade. In 2013, the Bucharest skyline enriched with a 137-m-high office building (SkyTower of <a href="/wiki/Floreasca_City_Center" title="Floreasca City Center">Floreasca City Centre</a>), the tallest building in Romania. Examples of modern skyscrapers built in the 21st century include <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Tower_Center" title="Bucharest Tower Center">Bucharest Tower Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euro_Tower_(Bucharest)" title="Euro Tower (Bucharest)">Euro Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nusco_Tower" title="Nusco Tower">Nusco Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Plaza">Cathedral Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_Gate_Towers" title="City Gate Towers">City Gate Towers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rin_Grand_Hotel" title="Rin Grand Hotel">Rin Grand Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premium_Plaza" title="Premium Plaza">Premium Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Corporate_Center" title="Bucharest Corporate Center">Bucharest Corporate Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Business_Center" title="Millennium Business Center">Millennium Business Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Tower,_Bucharest" title="Phoenix Tower, Bucharest">PGV Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Plaza" title="Charles de Gaulle Plaza">Charles de Gaulle Plaza</a>, Business Development Centre Bucharest, <a href="/wiki/BRD_Tower_Bucharest" title="BRD Tower Bucharest">BRD Tower</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Financial_Plaza" title="Bucharest Financial Plaza">Bucharest Financial Plaza</a>. Despite this vertical development, Romanian architects avoid designing very tall buildings due to vulnerability to earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from buildings used for business and institutions, residential developments have also been built, many of which consist of high-rise office buildings and suburban residential communities. An example of a new high rise residential complex is <a href="/wiki/Asmita_Gardens" title="Asmita Gardens">Asmita Gardens</a>. These developments are increasingly prominent in northern Bucharest, which is less densely populated and is home to middle- and upper-class Bucharesters due to the process of <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_(50247215752).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pipera Sky Tower"><img alt="Pipera Sky Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg/120px-View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg/180px-View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg/240px-View_top_HQ_NCaranf2020_0610_170246_%2850247215752%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pipera Sky Tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BucharestBRDTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BRD Tower and Bucharest Tower Center in Victory Square"><img alt="BRD Tower and Bucharest Tower Center in Victory Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BucharestBRDTower.jpg/120px-BucharestBRDTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BucharestBRDTower.jpg/180px-BucharestBRDTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BucharestBRDTower.jpg/240px-BucharestBRDTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BRD Tower and Bucharest Tower Center in Victory Square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asmita_Gardens,_Bucure%C8%99ti,_Romania_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asmita Gardens"><img alt="Asmita Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/120px-Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/180px-Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/240px-Asmita_Gardens%2C_Bucure%C8%99ti%2C_Romania_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Asmita_Gardens" title="Asmita Gardens">Asmita Gardens</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The World Trade Center in Bucharest"><img alt="The World Trade Center in Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg/120px-Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg/180px-Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg/240px-Bucharest_-_building_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4513" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Pullman_Bucharest_World_Trade_Center" title="Hotel Pullman Bucharest World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a> in Bucharest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest Financial Plaza"><img alt="Bucharest Financial Plaza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/90/Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg/120px-Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/90/Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg/180px-Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/90/Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg/240px-Financial_Plaza_Bucuresti_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Financial_Plaza" title="Bucharest Financial Plaza">Bucharest Financial Plaza</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overall, 159 faculties are in 34 universities. Sixteen public universities are in Bucharest, the largest of which are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Bucharest" title="Politehnica University of Bucharest">Politehnica University of Bucharest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_University_of_Economic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucharest University of Economic Studies">Bucharest University of Economic Studies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carol_Davila_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy" title="Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy">Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Civil_Engineering_of_Bucharest" title="Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest">Technical University of Civil Engineering</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Political_Studies_and_Public_Administration" title="National University of Political Studies and Public Administration">National University of Political Studies and Public Administration</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Agronomic_Sciences_and_Veterinary_Medicine_of_Bucharest" title="University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest">University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest</a>. </p><p>These are supplemented by nineteen private universities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Romanian-American_University" title="Romanian-American University">Romanian-American University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private universities, however, have a mixed reputation due to irregularities.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2020 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>, from Bucharest, only the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a> was included in the top universities of the world. The <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Bucharest" title="Politehnica University of Bucharest">Politehnica University</a> disappeared from the ranking.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, in recent years, the city has had increasing numbers of foreign students enrolling in its universities.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first modern educational institution was the <a href="/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Bucharest" title="Princely Academy of Bucharest">Princely Academy from Bucharest</a>, founded in 1694 and divided in 1864 to form the present-day University of Bucharest and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava_National_College" title="Saint Sava National College">Saint Sava National College</a>, both of which are among the most prestigious of their kind in Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 450 public primary and secondary schools are in the city, all of which are administered by the Bucharest Municipal Schooling Inspectorate. Each <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">sector</a> also has its own Schooling Inspectorate, subordinated to the municipal one. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Bucharest (UB)"><img alt="University of Bucharest (UB)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg/120px-Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg/180px-Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg/240px-Universitatea_din_Bucuresti_din_Piata_Universitatii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a> (UB)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central University Library"><img alt="Central University Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/120px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/180px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg/240px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_Universitar%C4%83_-_Vedere_Frontala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_University_Library,_Bucharest" title="Central University Library, Bucharest">Central University Library</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies (ASE)"><img alt="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies (ASE)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg/120px-Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg/180px-Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg/240px-Academia_de_Studii_Economice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Academy_of_Economic_Studies" title="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies">Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies</a> (ASE)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFCD)"><img alt="University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFCD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG/120px-Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG/180px-Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG/240px-Palatul_Facult%C4%83%C8%9Bii_de_Medicin%C4%83_din_Bucure%C8%99ti-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Davila_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy" title="Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy">University of Medicine and Pharmacy</a> (UMFCD) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is well-served by a modern landline and mobile network. Offices of <a href="/wiki/Po%C8%99ta_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Poșta Română">Poșta Română</a>, the national postal operator, are spread throughout the city, with the central post office (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Oficiul Poștal București 1</i>) located at 12 Matei Millo Street. <a href="/wiki/Payphone" title="Payphone">Public telephones</a> are located in many places and are operated by <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telekom Romania">Telekom Romania</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> and successor of the former monopoly <a href="/wiki/Romtelecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Romtelecom">Romtelecom</a>. </p><p>Bucharest is the headquarters of most national television networks and national newspapers, radio stations and online news websites. The largest daily newspapers in Bucharest include <i><a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jurnalul_Na%C8%9Bional" title="Jurnalul Național">Jurnalul Național</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Liber%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="România Liberă">România Liberă</a></i>, and <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul" title="Adevărul">Adevărul</a></i></span>, while the biggest news websites are <a href="/wiki/HotNews" title="HotNews">HotNews</a> (with English and Spanish versions), <a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziare.com" class="extiw" title="ro:Ziare.com">Ziare.com</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a></i>. During the rush hours, <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Click!" title="Click!">Click!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Libertatea" title="Libertatea">Libertatea</a></i>, and <i>Cancan</i> are popular for commuters. </p><p>Several newspapers and media publications are based in <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Free_Press" title="House of the Free Press">House of the Free Press</a> (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Casa Presei Libere</i></span>), a landmark of northern Bucharest, originally named Casa Scânteii after the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist Romania</a>-era official newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a></i>. The House of the Free Press is not the only Bucharest landmark that grew out of the media and communications industry. <a href="/wiki/Palatul_Telefoanelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatul Telefoanelor">Palatul Telefoanelor</a> ("The Telephone Palace") was the first major modernist building on Calea Victoriei in the city's centre, and the massive, unfinished communist-era <a href="/wiki/Casa_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa Radio">Casa Radio</a> looms over a park a block away from the Opera. </p><p>English-language newspapers became available in the early 1930s and reappeared in the 1990s. The two daily English-language newspapers are the <i><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Daily_News" title="Bucharest Daily News">Bucharest Daily News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nine_O%27_Clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine O' Clock">Nine O' Clock</a></i>; several magazines and publications in other languages are available, such as the Hungarian-language daily <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Aj_Magyar_Sz%C3%B3" title="Új Magyar Szó">Új Magyar Szó</a></i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Observator_Cultural" title="Observator Cultural">Observator Cultural</a></i> covers the city's arts, and the free weekly magazines <i><a href="/wiki/%C8%98apte_Seri" title="Șapte Seri">Șapte Seri</a></i> ("Seven Evenings") and <i>B24FUN</i>, list entertainment events. The city is home to the intellectual journal <i><a href="/wiki/Dilema_veche" title="Dilema veche">Dilema veche</a></i> and the satire magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Academia_Ca%C8%9Bavencu" title="Academia Cațavencu">Academia Cațavencu</a></i>. </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitbucharest.today/">Visit Bucharest Today</a> is another online platform promoting Bucharest as a tourist destination. It serves as a comprehensive resource for local and international travelers seeking to learn about the capital city of Romania. The online platform showcases <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bucharest" title="History of Bucharest">Bucharest's rich history</a>, cultural landmarks, hidden gems, and exciting experiences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_(B-II-m-A-18220.02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg/220px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg/330px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg/440px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._SPITALUL_COLTEA_%28B-II-m-A-18220.02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Colțea Hospital in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most modern hospitals in the capital is Colțea that has been re-equipped after a 90-million-euro investment in 2011. It specialises in oncological and cardiac disorders. It was built by Mihai Cantacuzino between 1701 and 1703, composed of many buildings, each with 12 to 30 beds, a church, three chapels, a school, and doctors' and teachers' houses.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another conventional hospital is Pantelimon, which was established in 1733 by <a href="/wiki/Grigore_II_Ghica" title="Grigore II Ghica">Grigore II Ghica</a>. The surface area of the hospital land property was 400,000 m<sup>2</sup> (4,305,564 sq ft). The hospital had in its inventory a house for infectious diseases and a house for persons with disabilities. </p><p>Other hospitals or clinics are <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Emergency_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucharest Emergency Hospital">Bucharest Emergency Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floreasca_Hospital" title="Floreasca Hospital">Floreasca Emergency Clinic Hospital</a>, Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, and Fundeni Clinical Institute or Biomedica International and Euroclinic, which are private. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most widely followed sport in Bucharest, with the city having numerous club teams, including, most notably, <a href="/wiki/FCSB" title="FCSB">Steaua București</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Dinamo_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="FC Dinamo București">Dinamo București</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Rapid_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="FC Rapid București">Rapid București</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arena_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Arena Națională">Arena Națională</a>, a new stadium inaugurated on 6 September 2011, hosted the <a href="/wiki/2012_UEFA_Europa_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 UEFA Europa League Final">2012 Europa League Final</a><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a 55,600-seat capacity, making it one of the largest stadiums in Southeastern Europe and one of the few with a roof.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arena-bukareszt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arena-bukareszt.jpg/220px-Arena-bukareszt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arena-bukareszt.jpg/330px-Arena-bukareszt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arena-bukareszt.jpg/440px-Arena-bukareszt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arena_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Arena Națională">Arena Națională</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/2012_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2012 UEFA Europa League final">2012 UEFA Europa League final</a> and <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a> matches.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sport clubs have formed for <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. The majority of Romanian <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> athletes and most <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">gymnasts</a> are affiliated with clubs in Bucharest. The largest indoor arena in Bucharest is the <a href="/wiki/Romexpo" title="Romexpo">Romexpo</a> Dome with a seating capacity of 40,000. It can be used for boxing, kickboxing, handball and tennis. </p><p>Bucharest hosted annual races along a temporary urban track surrounding the Palace of the Parliament, called <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Ring" title="Bucharest Ring">Bucharest Ring</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2008_FIA_GT_Bucharest_2_Hours" title="2008 FIA GT Bucharest 2 Hours">Bucharest City Challenge</a> race hosted <a href="/wiki/FIA_GT" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA GT">FIA GT</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIA_GT3" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA GT3">FIA GT3</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_F3" class="mw-redirect" title="British F3">British F3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Logan" title="Dacia Logan">Logan Cup</a> races.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2009, Bucharest has the largest <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a> Shop in Eastern Europe and the 2nd largest in Europe after Milan shop.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capital also hosted the international tennis tournaments <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Open" title="Bucharest Open">WTA Bucharest Open</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Open" title="Romanian Open">ATP Romanian Open</a>. Ice hockey games are held at the <a href="/wiki/Patinoarul_Mihai_Flamaropol" class="mw-redirect" title="Patinoarul Mihai Flamaropol">Mihai Flamaropol Arena</a>, which holds 8,000 spectators. Rugby games are held in different locations, but the most modern stadium is <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_Arcul_de_Triumf" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadionul Arcul de Triumf">Arcul de Triumf Stadium</a>, which is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Romania_national_rugby_union_team" title="Romania national rugby union team">Romanian national rugby team</a>. </p><p>Bucharest hosted the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a> championship at the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Arena Națională">Arena Națională</a> or Bucharest National Arena.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The championship took place in 2021, being postponed due to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Romania" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania">List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania</a></div> <p>Bucharest is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, Syria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, Nigeria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>, Canada</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>In addition, Bucharest has a partnership with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Bucharest" title="List of buildings in Bucharest">List of buildings in Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bucharest" title="List of people from Bucharest">List of people from Bucharest</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Romania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_ed_2023_0.pdf">"Romanian Statistical Yearbook (2023) – 1.8 Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2022 (pg.17)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.insse.ro</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">National Institute of Statistics (Romania)</a> - INSSE. 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.insse.ro&rft.atitle=Romanian+Statistical+Yearbook+%282023%29+%E2%80%93+1.8+Administrative+organisation+of+Romanian+territory%2C+on+December+31%2C+2022+%28pg.17%29&rft.date=2024-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsse.ro%2Fcms%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffield%2Fpublicatii%2Fanuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_ed_2023_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population.Bucharest-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population.Bucharest_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistici.insse.ro:8077/tempo-online/#/pages/tables/insse-table">"POP105A - Populația rezidentă la 1 Ianuarie pe grupe de vârste, sexe și medii de rezidență, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe"</a>. <i>www.insse.ro/cms/en</i> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">National Institute of Statistics (Romania)</a> - INSSE (TEMPO - statiscal data). 11 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.insse.ro%2Fcms%2Fen&rft.atitle=POP105A+-+Popula%C8%9Bia+rezident%C4%83+la+1+Ianuarie+pe+grupe+de+v%C3%A2rste%2C+sexe+%C8%99i+medii+de+reziden%C8%9B%C4%83%2C+macroregiuni%2C+regiuni+de+dezvoltare+%C8%99i+jude%C8%9Be&rft.date=2024-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistici.insse.ro%3A8077%2Ftempo-online%2F%23%2Fpages%2Ftables%2Finsse-table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RPL2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RPL2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RPL2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls">"Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021"</a> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Romania)" title="National Institute of Statistics (Romania)">INSSE</a>. 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popula%C5%A3ia+rezident%C4%83+dup%C4%83+grupa+de+v%C3%A2rst%C4%83%2C+pe+jude%C8%9Be+%C8%99i+municipii%2C+ora%C8%99e%2C+comune%2C+la+1+decembrie+2021&rft.pub=INSSE&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recensamantromania.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2FTabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP.Bucharest-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDP.Bucharest_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP.Bucharest_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnp.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Prognoza-2023-2027-in-profil-teritorial-aferenta-Prognozei-macroeconomice-de-toamna-2023.pdf">"1.1. Valoarea produsului intern brut, pe judeţe şi regiuni – în RON (pg.3) / 1.2. Produsul intern brut pe locuitor, pe judeţe şi regiuni – în € (pg.5)"</a> [1.1 Value of gross domestic product, by counties and regions - in RON (pg.3) / 1.2 Gross domestic product per capita, by counties and regions - in € (pg.5)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.cnp.ro</i>. National Commission for Strategy and Prognosis - Romanian Government. January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnp.ro&rft.atitle=1.1.+Valoarea+produsului+intern+brut%2C+pe+jude%C5%A3e+%C5%9Fi+regiuni+%E2%80%93+%C3%AEn+RON+%28pg.3%29+%2F+1.2.+Produsul+intern+brut+pe+locuitor%2C+pe+jude%C5%A3e+%C5%9Fi+regiuni+%E2%80%93+%C3%AEn+%E2%82%AC+%28pg.5%29&rft.date=2024-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnp.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F01%2FPrognoza-2023-2027-in-profil-teritorial-aferenta-Prognozei-macroeconomice-de-toamna-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnp.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Prognoza-de-IARNA-2023-2027.pdf">"Principalii indicatori macroeconomici"</a> [Main macroeconomic indicators] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.cnp.ro</i>. National Commission for Strategy and Prognosis - Romanian Government. February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnp.ro&rft.atitle=Principalii+indicatori+macroeconomici&rft.date=2024-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnp.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F02%2FPrognoza-de-IARNA-2023-2027.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Official exchange rate <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">RON</a> → <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">EUR (€)</a></i></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ROU/?levels=1+4&years=2021+2020+2019&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Subnational+HDI+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FROU%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2021%2B2020%2B2019%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm">Bucharest, the small Paris of the East</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221002454/http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm">Archived</a> 21 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, on the Museums from Romania web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bucica, 2000, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qualitestgroup.com/blog/uncategorized/bucharest-is-booming/">"Bucharest is Booming"</a>. qualitestgroup.com. 23 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805053938/https://www.qualitestgroup.com/blog/uncategorized/bucharest-is-booming/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucharest+is+Booming&rft.pub=qualitestgroup.com&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qualitestgroup.com%2Fblog%2Funcategorized%2Fbucharest-is-booming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pentalog.com/blog/high-tech-city-bucharest">"High-Tech Cities: Have You Ever Tried Coffee in Bucharest?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pentalog" title="Pentalog">Pentalog</a></i>. 17 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520005412/https://www.pentalog.com/blog/high-tech-city-bucharest">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Romania%3A+Tens+of+thousands+protest+for+second+night+running+%26%23124%3B+DW+%26%23124%3B+12+August+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fromania-tens-of-thousands-protest-for-second-night-running%2Fa-45049450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlinegallery.ro/gradina_bot_bucurestie.html">Botanical Garden</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929164505/http://onlinegallery.ro/gradina_bot_bucurestie.html">Archived</a> 29 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, onlinegallery.ro. Retrieved 13 October 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-mediu-20841205-fotogalerie-cum-afectata-fauna-din-delta-vacaresti-incendii-distrugeri-dureaza-atat-mult-protejarea-zonei.htm">"Fotogalerie – Cum e afectata fauna din Delta Vacaresti de incendii si distrugeri si de ce dureaza atat de mult protejarea zonei"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HotNews" title="HotNews">HotNews</a></i>. 3 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512043647/http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-mediu-20841205-fotogalerie-cum-afectata-fauna-din-delta-vacaresti-incendii-distrugeri-dureaza-atat-mult-protejarea-zonei.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HotNews&rft.atitle=Fotogalerie+%E2%80%93+Cum+e+afectata+fauna+din+Delta+Vacaresti+de+incendii+si+distrugeri+si+de+ce+dureaza+atat+de+mult+protejarea+zonei&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-mediu-20841205-fotogalerie-cum-afectata-fauna-din-delta-vacaresti-incendii-distrugeri-dureaza-atat-mult-protejarea-zonei.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/delta-vacaresti-privita-etajul-17-s-a-transformat-lacul-ceausescu-parcul-natural-urban-astazi-1_53942e620d133766a865a7b1/index.html">"Delta Văcăreşti, privită de la etajul 17. Cum s-a transformat lacul lui Ceauşescu în parcul natural urban de astăzi"</a>. <i>adevarul.ro</i>. 8 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501235910/http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/delta-vacaresti-privita-etajul-17-s-a-transformat-lacul-ceausescu-parcul-natural-urban-astazi-1_53942e620d133766a865a7b1/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adevarul.ro&rft.atitle=Delta+V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C5%9Fti%2C+privit%C4%83+de+la+etajul+17.+Cum+s-a+transformat+lacul+lui+Ceau%C5%9Fescu+%C3%AEn+parcul+natural+urban+de+ast%C4%83zi&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fnews%2Fbucuresti%2Fdelta-vacaresti-privita-etajul-17-s-a-transformat-lacul-ceausescu-parcul-natural-urban-astazi-1_53942e620d133766a865a7b1%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508135303/http://parcnaturalvacaresti.ro/delta-dintre-blocuri/">"Delta dintre blocuri | Parcul Natural Văcărești | "delta" dintre blocuri"</a>. <i>parcnaturalvacaresti.ro</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parcnaturalvacaresti.ro&rft.atitle=Delta+dintre+blocuri+%7C+Parcul+Natural+V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti+%7C+%22delta%22+dintre+blocuri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparcnaturalvacaresti.ro%2Fdelta-dintre-blocuri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624022322/http://parcnaturalvacaresti.ro/parcul-natural-vacaresti-a-fost-aprobat-oficial/">"Parcul Natural Văcărești a fost aprobat oficial | Parcul Natural Văcărești | "delta" dintre blocuri"</a>. <i>parcnaturalvacaresti.ro</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parcnaturalvacaresti.ro&rft.atitle=Parcul+Natural+V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti+a+fost+aprobat+oficial+%7C+Parcul+Natural+V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti+%7C+%22delta%22+dintre+blocuri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparcnaturalvacaresti.ro%2Fparcul-natural-vacaresti-a-fost-aprobat-oficial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrei_Dumitrescu2015" class="citation web cs1">Andrei Dumitrescu (28 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafax.ro/social/cgmb-a-avizat-declararea-lacului-vacaresti-arie-naturala-protejata-14356050">"CGMB a avizat declararea lacului Văcăreşti arie naturală protejată"</a>. <i>Mediafax</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610134223/http://www.mediafax.ro/social/cgmb-a-avizat-declararea-lacului-vacaresti-arie-naturala-protejata-14356050">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mediafax&rft.atitle=CGMB+a+avizat+declararea+lacului+V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C5%9Fti+arie+natural%C4%83+protejat%C4%83&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.au=Andrei+Dumitrescu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediafax.ro%2Fsocial%2Fcgmb-a-avizat-declararea-lacului-vacaresti-arie-naturala-protejata-14356050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economica.net/recensamant-2022-singurele-judete-in-care-a-crescut-populatia-rezidenta-in-2021-fata-de-nivelul-din-2011-sunt-ilfov-bistrita-nasaud-si-suceava_637632.html">"Recensământ 2022: Singurele judeţe în care a crescut populaţia rezidentă în 2021 faţă de nivelul din 2011 sunt Ilfov, Bistriţa-Năsăud şi Suceava"</a>. 30 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recens%C4%83m%C3%A2nt+2022%3A+Singurele+jude%C5%A3e+%C3%AEn+care+a+crescut+popula%C5%A3ia+rezident%C4%83+%C3%AEn+2021+fa%C5%A3%C4%83+de+nivelul+din+2011+sunt+Ilfov%2C+Bistri%C5%A3a-N%C4%83s%C4%83ud+%C5%9Fi+Suceava&rft.date=2022-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economica.net%2Frecensamant-2022-singurele-judete-in-care-a-crescut-populatia-rezidenta-in-2021-fata-de-nivelul-din-2011-sunt-ilfov-bistrita-nasaud-si-suceava_637632.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSfetcu2015" class="citation book cs1">Sfetcu, Nicolae (14 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90TrCgAAQBAJ&q=Bucurestiul+are+un+climat+de+tranzi%C8%9Bie,+cu+influen%C8%9Be+at%C3%A2t+continentale+c%C3%A2t+%C5%9Fi+%C8%99i+subtropicale+(clasificarea+climatic%C4%83+Koppen+Cfa+/+Dfa+/+Cfb+/+Dfb).&pg=PT23"><i>Bucharest Tourist Guide (Ghid turistic București): Pocket Edition (Ediția de buzunar)</i></a>. Nicolae Sfetcu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529151215/https://books.google.com/books?id=90TrCgAAQBAJ&q=Bucurestiul+are+un+climat+de+tranzi%C8%9Bie%2C+cu+influen%C8%9Be+at%C3%A2t+continentale+c%C3%A2t+%C5%9Fi+%C8%99i+subtropicale+%28clasificarea+climatic%C4%83+Koppen+Cfa+%2F+Dfa+%2F+Cfb+%2F+Dfb%29.&pg=PT23">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bucharest+Tourist+Guide+%28Ghid+turistic+Bucure%C8%99ti%29%3A+Pocket+Edition+%28Edi%C8%9Bia+de+buzunar%29&rft.pub=Nicolae+Sfetcu&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft.aulast=Sfetcu&rft.aufirst=Nicolae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D90TrCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DBucurestiul%2Bare%2Bun%2Bclimat%2Bde%2Btranzi%25C8%259Bie%2C%2Bcu%2Binfluen%25C8%259Be%2Bat%25C3%25A2t%2Bcontinentale%2Bc%25C3%25A2t%2B%25C5%259Fi%2B%25C8%2599i%2Bsubtropicale%2B%28clasificarea%2Bclimatic%25C4%2583%2BKoppen%2BCfa%2B%2F%2BDfa%2B%2F%2BCfb%2B%2F%2BDfb%29.%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=2451&cityname=Bucharest,+Romania">"Bucharest, Romania Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202154622/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=2451&cityname=Bucharest,+Romania">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Bucharest%2C+Romania+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D2451%26cityname%3DBucharest%2C%2BRomania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA9120-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA9120_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829030044/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Romania/CSV/BucurestiBaneasa_15420.csv">"București Băneasa Climate Normals 1991-2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Romania/CSV/BucurestiBaneasa_15420.csv">the original</a> on 29 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucure%C8%99ti+B%C4%83neasa+Climate+Normals+1991-2020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FRomania%2FCSV%2FBucurestiBaneasa_15420.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829025758/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/RO/15420.TXT">"București Băneasa Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucure%C8%99ti+B%C4%83neasa+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-VI%2FRO%2F15420.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-extremes_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/romania/bucuresti-baneasa/">"București Băneasa: Record mensili dal 1929"</a> (in Italian). Administrația Națională de Meteorologie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401120448/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/romania/bucuresti-baneasa/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 216. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Data+for+Selected+Stations+%281931-1960%29&rft.atitle=RUM%C3%86NIEN+-+BUCURESTI%2FIMH&rft.pages=216&rft.aulast=Cappelen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Jens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fdmi%2Ftr01-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/romania/bucharest-climate">"Bucharest, Romania – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"</a>. <i>Weather Atlas</i>. Yu Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703202341/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/romania/bucharest-climate">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+Atlas&rft.atitle=Bucharest%2C+Romania+%E2%80%93+Detailed+climate+information+and+monthly+weather+forecast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fromania%2Fbucharest-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617191817/http://jurnalul.ro/stiri/observator/marian-vanghelie-suspendat-din-functia-de-primar-al-sectorului-5-cine-ii-va-prelua-atributiile-686747.html">"Marian Vanghelie, suspendat din funcția de primar al sectorului 5. Cine îi va prelua atribuțiile"</a>. <i>Jurnalul Național</i> (in Romanian). 6 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jurnalul.ro/stiri/observator/marian-vanghelie-suspendat-din-functia-de-primar-al-sectorului-5-cine-ii-va-prelua-atributiile-686747.html">the original</a> on 17 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jurnalul+Na%C8%9Bional&rft.atitle=Marian+Vanghelie%2C+suspendat+din+func%C8%9Bia+de+primar+al+sectorului+5.+Cine+%C3%AEi+va+prelua+atribu%C8%9Biile&rft.date=2015-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjurnalul.ro%2Fstiri%2Fobservator%2Fmarian-vanghelie-suspendat-din-functia-de-primar-al-sectorului-5-cine-ii-va-prelua-atributiile-686747.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b.prefectura.mai.gov.ro/acasa/despre-noi/conducere/">"Conducere"</a> (in Romanian). Prefectul Municipiului București. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031082616/https://b.prefectura.mai.gov.ro/despre-noi/conducere/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conducere&rft.pub=Prefectul+Municipiului+Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fb.prefectura.mai.gov.ro%2Facasa%2Fdespre-noi%2Fconducere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crimestats-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crimestats_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b.politiaromana.ro/index.php?pag=statistica_2000_2004_ro&limba=romana">Bucharest Crime Statistics 2000–2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716235025/http://b.politiaromana.ro/index.php?pag=statistica_2000_2004_ro&limba=romana">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bucharest Directorate-General of Police</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bucurestipolitia2013-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bucurestipolitia2013_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bucurestipolitia2013_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b.politiaromana.ro/pdf/bilant/Bilant+DGPMB-2013.pdf">"DGPMB – Poliția Română"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>b.politiaromana.ro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002071841/https://b.politiaromana.ro/pdf/bilant/Bilant+DGPMB-2013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=b.politiaromana.ro&rft.atitle=DGPMB+%E2%80%93+Poli%C8%9Bia+Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fb.politiaromana.ro%2Fpdf%2Fbilant%2FBilant%2BDGPMB-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romania-insider.com-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-romania-insider.com_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-romania-insider.com_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romania-insider.com/five-romanian-cities-top-100-safest-world-2023">"Five Romanian cities ranked in top 100 safest in the world"</a>. 3 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+Romanian+cities+ranked+in+top+100+safest+in+the+world&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romania-insider.com%2Ffive-romanian-cities-top-100-safest-world-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/data/homicide/Homicide+in+cities">"Homicide in cities | dataUNODC"</a>. <i>dataunodc.un.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dataunodc.un.org&rft.atitle=Homicide+in+cities+%26%23124%3B+dataUNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fdata%2Fhomicide%2FHomicide%2Bin%2Bcities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hf-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hf_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111208075915/http://www.hiltonfoundation.org/press/16-pdf3.pdf">"Worldwide Street Children statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Hilton Humanitarian Prize</a>/<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expat.or.id/info/qualityofliving.html">"Worldwide Quality of Living Survey"</a>. Expat.or.id. 11 March 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415143434/http://www.expat.or.id/info/qualityofliving.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.romania-insider.com&rft.atitle=Oracle%2C+Microsoft%2C+IBM%2C+among+most+wanted+employers+in+Romania&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romania-insider.com%2Fmost-wanted-employers-romania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profit.ro/stiri/amazon-a-deschis-centrul-din-bucuresti-si-pregateste-angajari-18103162">"Amazon a deschis centrul din București și pregătește angajări"</a> (in Romanian). Profit TV. 9 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190825064930/https://www.profit.ro/stiri/amazon-a-deschis-centrul-din-bucuresti-si-pregateste-angajari-18103162">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+a+deschis+centrul+din+Bucure%C8%99ti+%C8%99i+preg%C4%83te%C8%99te+angaj%C4%83ri&rft.pub=Profit+TV&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profit.ro%2Fstiri%2Famazon-a-deschis-centrul-din-bucuresti-si-pregateste-angajari-18103162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speedtest.net/global-index">"Median City Speeds December 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Speedtest.net" title="Speedtest.net">Speedtest.net</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+City+Speeds+December+2023&rft.pub=Speedtest.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedtest.net%2Fglobal-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216081436/http://www.sfin.ro/articol_8335/atacul_clonelor_in_taximetria_bucuresteana.html">"Săptămâna Financiară | Anchete | Atacul clonelor în taximetria bucureșteană"</a>. Sfin.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfin.ro/articol_8335/atacul_clonelor_in_taximetria_bucuresteana.html">the original</a> on 16 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C4%83pt%C4%83m%C3%A2na+Financiar%C4%83+%26%23124%3B+Anchete+%26%23124%3B+Atacul+clonelor+%C3%AEn+taximetria+bucure%C8%99tean%C4%83&rft.pub=Sfin.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfin.ro%2Farticol_8335%2Fatacul_clonelor_in_taximetria_bucuresteana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clubferoviar.ro/ziua-metroului/">"16 noiembrie, Ziua Metroului. Ce amintiri au Octavian Udriște și alți foști directori"</a>. 16 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=16+noiembrie%2C+Ziua+Metroului.+Ce+amintiri+au+Octavian+Udri%C8%99te+%C8%99i+al%C8%9Bi+fo%C8%99ti+directori&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclubferoviar.ro%2Fziua-metroului%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metroulbucuresti.com/linia-m5/">"Linia M5 Râul Doamnei - Eroilor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linia+M5+R%C3%A2ul+Doamnei+-+Eroilor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetroulbucuresti.com%2Flinia-m5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRăduță2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Răduță, Cristina (8 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/bucuresti-povesti-1_531a533d0d133766a8b4de51/index.html">"Poveștile gărilor din Bucureşti. Cum a vrut Ceauşescu să demoleze Gara de Nord, ridicată din ordinul Regelui Carol I. Filaret, prima gară din București"</a>. <i>Adevărul</i> (in Romanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617221013/http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/bucuresti-povesti-1_531a533d0d133766a8b4de51/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Pove%C8%99tile+g%C4%83rilor+din+Bucure%C5%9Fti.+Cum+a+vrut+Ceau%C5%9Fescu+s%C4%83+demoleze+Gara+de+Nord%2C+ridicat%C4%83+din+ordinul+Regelui+Carol+I.+Filaret%2C+prima+gar%C4%83+din+Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft.aulast=R%C4%83du%C8%9B%C4%83&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fnews%2Fbucuresti%2Fbucuresti-povesti-1_531a533d0d133766a8b4de51%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucharestairports.ro/files/pages_files/AIHCB_WEBSITE_2016_2017_ROM.pdf">"CNAB"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>bucharestairports.ro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529151216/http://www.bucharestairports.ro/files/pages_files/AIHCB_WEBSITE_2016_2017_ROM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bucharestairports.ro&rft.atitle=CNAB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucharestairports.ro%2Ffiles%2Fpages_files%2FAIHCB_WEBSITE_2016_2017_ROM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/o-masina-doi-bucuresteni-arata-parcul-auto-capitala-1_52fa0d92c7b855ff56404c8b/index.html">"O mașină, la doi bucureșteni. Cum arată parcul auto din Capitală"</a>. <i>Adevărul</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214234602/http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/o-masina-doi-bucuresteni-arata-parcul-auto-capitala-1_52fa0d92c7b855ff56404c8b/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=O+ma%C8%99in%C4%83%2C+la+doi+bucure%C8%99teni.+Cum+arat%C4%83+parcul+auto+din+Capital%C4%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fnews%2Fbucuresti%2Fo-masina-doi-bucuresteni-arata-parcul-auto-capitala-1_52fa0d92c7b855ff56404c8b%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111022247/http://www.videanu.ro/program/index.php?pag=program&cap=13-6">"Rehabilitation of Urban Roads, Phase II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videanu.ro/program/index.php?pag=program&cap=13-6">the original</a> on 11 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rehabilitation+of+Urban+Roads%2C+Phase+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videanu.ro%2Fprogram%2Findex.php%3Fpag%3Dprogram%26cap%3D13-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span>, from the site of the General Mayor of Bucharest, <a href="/wiki/Adriean_Videanu" title="Adriean Videanu">Adriean Videanu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoutati2007" class="citation web cs1">Noutati (28 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825200813/http://pasajulbasarab.ro/bucurestenii-beneficiaza-de-cel-mai-mare-punct-intermodal-din-romania.html">"Bucureștenii beneficiază de cel mai mare punct intermodal din România! " Pasajul Basarab"</a>. Pasajulbasarab.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pasajulbasarab.ro/bucurestenii-beneficiaza-de-cel-mai-mare-punct-intermodal-din-romania.html">the original</a> on 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucure%C8%99tenii+beneficiaz%C4%83+de+cel+mai+mare+punct+intermodal+din+Rom%C3%A2nia%21+%22+Pasajul+Basarab&rft.pub=Pasajulbasarab.ro&rft.date=2007-04-28&rft.au=Noutati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpasajulbasarab.ro%2Fbucurestenii-beneficiaza-de-cel-mai-mare-punct-intermodal-din-romania.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-9227102-video-primele-efecte-ale-pasajului-basarab-cum-degrevat-traficul-podul-grant-din-zona-garii-nord.htm">"Video – Primele efecte ale Pasajului Basarab: Cum s-a degrevat traficul de pe Podul Grant și din zona Gării de Nord – Esențial"</a>. HotNews. July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902024015/http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-9227102-video-primele-efecte-ale-pasajului-basarab-cum-degrevat-traficul-podul-grant-din-zona-garii-nord.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+%E2%80%93+Primele+efecte+ale+Pasajului+Basarab%3A+Cum+s-a+degrevat+traficul+de+pe+Podul+Grant+%C8%99i+din+zona+G%C4%83rii+de+Nord+%E2%80%93+Esen%C8%9Bial&rft.pub=HotNews&rft.date=2011-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-esential-9227102-video-primele-efecte-ale-pasajului-basarab-cum-degrevat-traficul-podul-grant-din-zona-garii-nord.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/forbes/out_front/Forbes-Canalul-Dunare-Bucuresti-Criza-mondiala_0_389361252.html">"Danube-Bucharest Canal vs. the Global Crisis"</a>. 13 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911141425/http://www.adevarul.ro/forbes/out_front/Forbes-Canalul-Dunare-Bucuresti-Criza-mondiala_0_389361252.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Danube-Bucharest+Canal+vs.+the+Global+Crisis&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adevarul.ro%2Fforbes%2Fout_front%2FForbes-Canalul-Dunare-Bucuresti-Criza-mondiala_0_389361252.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfin.ro/articol_1992/_memorialul_renasterii___ce_oribilitate_.html">"Memorialul Renasterii", ce oribilitate!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060217024722/http://www.sfin.ro/articol_1992/_memorialul_renasterii___ce_oribilitate_.html">Archived</a> 17 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ("The Monument of Rebirth – how horrible!"), <i>Săptămâna Financiară</i>, August 2005 <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nato.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en&id=31&s=23698&arhiva=true">Romanian Athenaeum awarded Label of European Heritage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415042903/http://nato.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en&id=31&s=23698&arhiva=true">Archived</a> 15 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Romania's Permanent Delegation to NATO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fge.org.ro/filarmonica/istoric-ateneu/">"Istoric Ateneu"</a>. <i>FGEB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127154413/https://www.fge.org.ro/filarmonica/istoric-ateneu/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FGEB&rft.atitle=Istoric+Ateneu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fge.org.ro%2Ffilarmonica%2Fistoric-ateneu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotel-bucuresti.com/hoteluri/hotel_intercontinental-39.html">Hotel Intercontinental Bucharest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150312005015/http://www.hotel-bucuresti.com/hoteluri/hotel_intercontinental-39.html">Archived</a> 12 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (" 5 star hotel "), <i>Hotel-bucuresti.com</i>,<span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skytower.ro/ro/despre-skytower/">"Despre Sky Tower"</a>. <i>skytower.ro</i> (in Romanian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183111/http://www.skytower.ro/ro/despre-skytower/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=skytower.ro&rft.atitle=Despre+Sky+Tower&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skytower.ro%2Fro%2Fdespre-skytower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business24.ro/imobiliare/spatii-comerciale/magheru-locul-35-in-topul-celor-mai-scumpe-bulevarde-81857">Magheru - locul 35 in topul celor mai scumpe bulevarde</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zfenglish.com/companies/retail-consumer/magheru-boulevard-is-world-s-46th-most-expensive-retail-location-survey-8683950">Magheru Boulevard Is World’s 46th Most Expensive Retail Location</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/feb/29/romania-therme-bucharest-affordable-luxury-spa-thermal-pool">Steamy scenes at low prices: Bucharest’s affordable luxury spa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daily-news.ro/article_detail.php?idarticle=5737">Chinese New Year's Eve celebrated in Bucharest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219163629/http://www.daily-news.ro/article_detail.php?idarticle=5737">Archived</a> 19 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Daily_News" title="Bucharest Daily News">Bucharest Daily News</a></i>, 7 February 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140520215804/http://b-iff.ro/poveste/">"Poveste"</a>. <i>BIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b-iff.ro/poveste/">the original</a> on 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BIFF&rft.atitle=Poveste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fb-iff.ro%2Fpoveste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031403/http://www.muzeul-satului.ro/viziteaza-muzeul">"Vizitează muzeul"</a>. <i>Muzeul Național al Satului "Dimitrie Gusti"</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeul-satului.ro/viziteaza-muzeul">the original</a> on 21 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeul+Na%C8%9Bional+al+Satului+%22Dimitrie+Gusti%22&rft.atitle=Viziteaz%C4%83+muzeul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeul-satului.ro%2Fviziteaza-muzeul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeultaranuluiroman.ro/index.php?page=muzeu">"Prezentare muzeu"</a>. <i>Muzeul Național al Țăranului Român</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220631/http://www.muzeultaranuluiroman.ro/index.php?page=muzeu">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeul+Na%C8%9Bional+al+%C8%9A%C4%83ranului+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.atitle=Prezentare+muzeu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeultaranuluiroman.ro%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dmuzeu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanciulescu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stanciulescu, Anda (1–31 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishfed.ro/downloads/realitatea/RE424-425.pdf">"La Pas Prin Sinagogile Bucureștene"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Realitatea Evreiască</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816075112/http://www.jewishfed.ro/downloads/realitatea/RE424-425.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Realitatea+Evreiasc%C4%83&rft.atitle=La+Pas+Prin+Sinagogile+Bucure%C8%99tene&rft.date=2014-03-01%2F2014-03-31&rft.aulast=Stanciulescu&rft.aufirst=Anda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishfed.ro%2Fdownloads%2Frealitatea%2FRE424-425.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbru_Şengül2015" class="citation web cs1">Ebru Şengül (24 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2015/06/24/turkey-to-build-mosque-in-romania-in-exchange-for-land-for-a-church">"Turkey to build mosque in Romania in exchange for land for a church"</a>. <i>Daily Sabah</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002022614/https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2015/06/24/turkey-to-build-mosque-in-romania-in-exchange-for-land-for-a-church">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Turkey+to+build+mosque+in+Romania+in+exchange+for+land+for+a+church&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.au=Ebru+%C5%9Eeng%C3%BCl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fturkey%2F2015%2F06%2F24%2Fturkey-to-build-mosque-in-romania-in-exchange-for-land-for-a-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stiri.tvr.ro/exclusiv---moscheea-de-la-bucure--ti-nu-se-mai-construie--te--proiectul-a-fost-abandonat-din-motive-financiare_833417.html#view">"Moscheea de la București nu se mai construiește. Proiectul a fost abandonat din motive financiare"</a>. <i>TVR</i>. 12 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021253/http://stiri.tvr.ro/exclusiv---moscheea-de-la-bucure--ti-nu-se-mai-construie--te--proiectul-a-fost-abandonat-din-motive-financiare_833417.html#view">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVR&rft.atitle=Moscheea+de+la+Bucure%C8%99ti+nu+se+mai+construie%C8%99te.+Proiectul+a+fost+abandonat+din+motive+financiare&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstiri.tvr.ro%2Fexclusiv---moscheea-de-la-bucure--ti-nu-se-mai-construie--te--proiectul-a-fost-abandonat-din-motive-financiare_833417.html%23view&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArhiva2017" class="citation web cs1">Arhiva, de (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evz.ro/moscheea-fundul-curtii.html">"Moscheea din fundul curții (II). DEfiniția "musulmanului din România" convenită stabilimentul din str.Logofătul Tăutu 66"</a>. <i>evz.ro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=evz.ro&rft.atitle=Moscheea+din+fundul+cur%C8%9Bii+%28II%29.+DEfini%C8%9Bia+%22musulmanului+din+Rom%C3%A2nia%22+convenit%C4%83+stabilimentul+din+str.Logof%C4%83tul+T%C4%83utu+66&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.aulast=Arhiva&rft.aufirst=de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevz.ro%2Fmoscheea-fundul-curtii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831003602/http://urbanism.pmb.ro/Informa%C5%A3ii%20publice/Zone%20protejate%20construite/Zone%20protejate%20construite%20aprobate%20prin%20HCGMB%20nr.%202792000/lipscani.pdf">"Lipscani, zonă protejată"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanism.pmb.ro/Informa%C5%A3ii%20publice/Zone%20protejate%20construite/Zone%20protejate%20construite%20aprobate%20prin%20HCGMB%20nr.%202792000/lipscani.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipscani%2C+zon%C4%83+protejat%C4%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbanism.pmb.ro%2FInforma%25C5%25A3ii%2520publice%2FZone%2520protejate%2520construite%2FZone%2520protejate%2520construite%2520aprobate%2520prin%2520HCGMB%2520nr.%25202792000%2Flipscani.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Harrison (8 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/eugeniu-iordachescu-romanian-engineer-who-saved-condemned-churches-under-communist-rule-dies-at-89/2019/01/07/99c45f0c-128e-11e9-803c-4ef28312c8b9_story.html">"Eugeniu Iordachescu, Romanian engineer who saved condemned churches under communist rule, dies at 89"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110030453/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/eugeniu-iordachescu-romanian-engineer-who-saved-condemned-churches-under-communist-rule-dies-at-89/2019/01/07/99c45f0c-128e-11e9-803c-4ef28312c8b9_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oprescu%3A+%22Stadionul+Na%C8%9Bional+va+fi+gata+%C3%AEn+decembrie+2010%21%22+%26%23124%3B+ProSport&rft.pub=Prosport.ro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prosport.ro%2Fsport-life%2Fspecial%2Foprescu-stadionul-national-va-fi-gata-in-decembrie-2010-5182356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208151148/http://www.motorsportnews.ro/stiri-diverse/bucharest-gp-in-iulie-2011/">"Bucharest GP în iulie 2011"</a>. Motorsportnews.ro. 28 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motorsportnews.ro/stiri-diverse/bucharest-gp-in-iulie-2011">the original</a> on 8 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bucharest+GP+%C3%AEn+iulie+2011&rft.pub=Motorsportnews.ro&rft.date=2010-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorsportnews.ro%2Fstiri-diverse%2Fbucharest-gp-in-iulie-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoevolution.com/news/ferrari-store-opened-in-bucharest-romania-14141.html">"Ferrari Store Opened in Bucharest, Romania"</a>. autoevolution.com. 7 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824131253/https://www.autoevolution.com/news/ferrari-store-opened-in-bucharest-romania-14141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferrari+Store+Opened+in+Bucharest%2C+Romania&rft.pub=autoevolution.com&rft.date=2009-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoevolution.com%2Fnews%2Fferrari-store-opened-in-bucharest-romania-14141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bucuresti.tourneo.ro/cel-mai-mare-magazin-ferrari-pe-calea-victoriei_3187.html">"Cel mai mare magazin Ferrari pe Calea Victoriei"</a> (in Romanian). bucuresti.tourneo.ro. 25 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824131257/http://bucuresti.tourneo.ro/cel-mai-mare-magazin-ferrari-pe-calea-victoriei_3187.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cel+mai+mare+magazin+Ferrari+pe+Calea+Victoriei&rft.pub=bucuresti.tourneo.ro&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbucuresti.tourneo.ro%2Fcel-mai-mare-magazin-ferrari-pe-calea-victoriei_3187.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euro2020.hospitality.uefa.com/venues/bucharest">"Bucharest | UEFA Euro 2020 Hospitality"</a>. <i>euro2020.hospitality.uefa.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317171246/https://euro2020.hospitality.uefa.com/venues/bucharest">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euro2020.hospitality.uefa.com&rft.atitle=Bucharest+%26%23124%3B+UEFA+Euro+2020+Hospitality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuro2020.hospitality.uefa.com%2Fvenues%2Fbucharest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banatulazi.ro/care-i-cel-mai-infratit-oras-din-romania-care-i-cu-americanii-care-i-cu-rusii-si-care-i-infratit-cu-timisoara/">"Care-i cel mai… înfrățit oraș din România? Care-i cu americanii, care-i cu rușii? Și care-i înfrățit cu Timișoara…"</a>. <i>banatulazi.ro</i> (in Romanian). Banatul Azi. 6 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=banatulazi.ro&rft.atitle=Care-i+cel+mai%E2%80%A6+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C8%9Bit+ora%C8%99+din+Rom%C3%A2nia%3F+Care-i+cu+americanii%2C+care-i+cu+ru%C8%99ii%3F+%C8%98i+care-i+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C8%9Bit+cu+Timi%C8%99oara%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banatulazi.ro%2Fcare-i-cel-mai-infratit-oras-din-romania-care-i-cu-americanii-care-i-cu-rusii-si-care-i-infratit-cu-timisoara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediafax.ro/social/nicusor-dan-am-hotarat-sa-aprobam-infratirea-dintre-bucuresti-si-kiev-20598398">"Nicuşor Dan: Am hotărât să aprobăm înfrăţirea dintre Bucureşti şi Kiev"</a>. <i>mediafax.ro</i> (in Romanian). Mediafax. 7 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediafax.ro&rft.atitle=Nicu%C5%9For+Dan%3A+Am+hot%C4%83r%C3%A2t+s%C4%83+aprob%C4%83m+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C5%A3irea+dintre+Bucure%C5%9Fti+%C5%9Fi+Kiev&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediafax.ro%2Fsocial%2Fnicusor-dan-am-hotarat-sa-aprobam-infratirea-dintre-bucuresti-si-kiev-20598398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1tv.ge/lang/en/news/tbilisi-bucharest-become-twin-cities/">"Tbilisi, Bucharest become twin cities"</a>. <i>1tv.ge</i>. <a href="/wiki/First_Channel_(Georgian_TV_channel)" title="First Channel (Georgian TV channel)">First Channel</a>. 30 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1tv.ge&rft.atitle=Tbilisi%2C+Bucharest+become+twin+cities&rft.date=2022-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F1tv.ge%2Flang%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ftbilisi-bucharest-become-twin-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/partner-cities/">"Yerevan.am: Partner Cities"</a>. Yerevan Municipal Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220142/http://www.yerevan.am/3-233-233.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan.am%3A+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=Yerevan+Municipal+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fpartner%2Fpartner-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCelacCarabelaMarcu-Lapadat2017" class="citation book cs1">Celac, Mariana; Carabela, Octavian; Marcu-Lapadat, Marius (2017). <i>Bucharest Architecture – an annotated guide</i>. Order of Architects of Romania. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6"><bdi>978-973-0-23884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bucharest+Architecture+%E2%80%93+an+annotated+guide&rft.pub=Order+of+Architects+of+Romania&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-973-0-23884-6&rft.aulast=Celac&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rft.au=Carabela%2C+Octavian&rft.au=Marcu-Lapadat%2C+Marius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030808062837/http://www1.pmb.ro/pmb/index_en.htm">Modern history of Bucharest</a>, City Hall of Bucharest</li> <li>Șerban Cantacuzino, <i>Două Orașe Distincte</i>. Revista Secolul XX 4/6 (1997): 11–40</li> <li>Ernie Schoffham, Luminița MacHedon, Șerban Cantacuzino, <i>Romanian Modernism: The Architecture of Bucharest, 1920–1940</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romaniatourism.com/spec.html">Romania: Arts & Architecture</a>, Romanian Tourist Office</li> <li>Tatiana Murzin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutromania.com/education.html">Romanian Education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221222932/http://www.aboutromania.com/education.html">Archived</a> 21 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805222854/http://www.portal.edu.ro/">Romanian Education Portal</a>, Site for the Ministry of Education containing lists of all educational establishments.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221002454/http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm">Bucharest, the small Paris of the East</a>, on the Museums from Romania web site.</li> <li>Bucica, Cristina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028180259/http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW5/bucica.pdf">"Legitimating Power in Capital Cities: Bucharest – Continuity Through Radical Change?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW5/bucica.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legitimating+Power+in+Capital+Cities%3A+Bucharest+%E2%80%93+Continuity+Through+Radical+Change%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksg.harvard.edu%2Fkokkalis%2FGSW5%2Fbucica.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABucharest" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(39.0 KB)</span>, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Bucharest</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bucharest" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Bucharest">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" class="extiw" title="c:București">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bucharest" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Bucharest">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transport_in_Bucharest" title="Template:Transport in Bucharest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transport_in_Bucharest" title="Template talk:Transport in Bucharest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transport_in_Bucharest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transport in Bucharest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transport_in_Bucharest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest" title="Transport in Bucharest">Transport in Bucharest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Metrorex" title="Metrorex"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/25px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/38px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/50px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="181" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Metrorex" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrorex">Metrorex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societatea_de_Transport_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Societatea de Transport București">STB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntari#Transport" title="Voluntari">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitila#Transport" title="Chitila">Ecotrans STCM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio_Serv_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regio Serv Transport (page does not exist)">Regio Serv Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tram and Trolleybus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societatea_de_Transport_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Societatea de Transport București">STB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metrorex_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/25px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/38px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Metrorex_logo.svg/50px-Metrorex_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="181" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Metro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background-color:#fcdd00"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M1" title="Bucharest Metro Line M1"><span style="color:white"><b> M1 </b></span></a></span></li> <li><span style="background-color:#4b5799"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M2" title="Bucharest Metro Line M2"><span style="color:white"><b> M2 </b></span></a></span></li> <li><span style="background-color:#dc2017"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M3" title="Bucharest Metro Line M3"><span style="color:white"><b> M3 </b></span></a></span></li> <li><span style="background-color:#46996c"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M4" title="Bucharest Metro Line M4"><span style="color:white"><b> M4 </b></span></a></span></li> <li><span style="background-color:#ff8040"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M5" title="Bucharest Metro Line M5"><span style="color:white"><b> M5 </b></span></a></span></li> <li><span style="background-color:#b784b0"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro_Line_M6" title="Bucharest Metro Line M6"><span style="color:white"><b> M6 </b></span></a></span><i> (planned)</i></li> <li><span style="background-color:#a52a2a"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_Metro_Line_M7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest Metro Line M7 (page does not exist)"><span style="color:white"><b> M7 </b></span></a></span><i> (planned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bucharest_metro_stations" title="List of Bucharest metro stations">List of Bucharest metro stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/16px-Bus-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/24px-Bus-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/32px-Bus-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest#Buses" title="Transport in Bucharest">Bus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_bus_routes_in_Bucharest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of bus routes in Bucharest (page does not exist)">Bus routes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Night_buses_in_Bucharest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Night buses in Bucharest (page does not exist)">Night Buses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram"><img alt="Tram interchange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/BSicon_TRAM1.svg/18px-BSicon_TRAM1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/BSicon_TRAM1.svg/27px-BSicon_TRAM1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/BSicon_TRAM1.svg/36px-BSicon_TRAM1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest#Trams_and_light_rail" title="Transport in Bucharest">Tram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_tram_routes_in_Bucharest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of tram routes in Bucharest (page does not exist)">Tram routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Light_rail" title="Bucharest Light rail">Light rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trolleybus_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trolleybus_icon.png/17px-Trolleybus_icon.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trolleybus_icon.png/26px-Trolleybus_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Trolleybus_icon.png/34px-Trolleybus_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest#Trolleybuses" title="Transport in Bucharest">Trolleybus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trolleybus_routes_in_Bucharest" title="List of trolleybus routes in Bucharest">Trolleybus routes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traintransportation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Traintransportation.svg/11px-Traintransportation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Traintransportation.svg/17px-Traintransportation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Traintransportation.svg/22px-Traintransportation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="475" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Romania" title="Rail transport in Romania">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_North_railway_station" title="Bucharest North railway station">Bucharest North</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basarab_railway_station" title="Basarab railway station">Basarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa_railway_station" title="Băneasa railway station">Băneasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_South_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest South railway station (page does not exist)">Bucharest South/Cățelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Sud" title="Titan Sud">Titan Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_East/Obor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest East/Obor (page does not exist)">Bucharest East/Obor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gara_Obor" class="extiw" title="ro:Gara Obor">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_Carpa%C8%9Bi_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest Carpați railway station (page does not exist)">Bucharest Carpați</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_Triaj_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest Triaj railway station (page does not exist)">Bucharest Triaj</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucharest_West_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucharest West railway station (page does not exist)">Bucharest West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucure%C8%99tii_Noi_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucureștii Noi railway station (page does not exist)">Bucureștii Noi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pajura_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajura railway station (page does not exist)">Pajura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantelimon_South_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantelimon South railway station (page does not exist)">Pantelimon South</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gara_Progresul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gara Progresul (page does not exist)">Gara Progresul</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gara_Progresul" class="extiw" title="ro:Gara Progresul">ro</a>]</span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astra_Trans_Carpatic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astra Trans Carpatic (page does not exist)">Astra Trans Carpatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne#Passenger_services" title="Căile Ferate Române">CFR Călători</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiotrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Regiotrans">Regio Călători</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Softrans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Softrans (page does not exist)">Softrans</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Transferoviar_C%C4%83l%C4%83tori" title="Transferoviar Călători"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tfc.jpg/30px-Tfc.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tfc.jpg/45px-Tfc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tfc.jpg/60px-Tfc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transferoviar_C%C4%83l%C4%83tori" title="Transferoviar Călători">Transferoviar Călători</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoroute_icone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Autoroute_icone.svg/15px-Autoroute_icone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Autoroute_icone.svg/23px-Autoroute_icone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Autoroute_icone.svg/30px-Autoroute_icone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania" title="Roads in Romania">Roads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Romania" title="Highways in Romania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Autostrad%C4%83.svg/14px-Autostrad%C4%83.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Autostrad%C4%83.svg/21px-Autostrad%C4%83.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Autostrad%C4%83.svg/28px-Autostrad%C4%83.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Romania" title="Highways in Romania">Motorways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A0_motorway_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="A0 motorway (Romania)">A0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A1_motorway_(Romania)" title="A1 motorway (Romania)">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Romania)" title="A2 motorway (Romania)">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A3_motorway_(Romania)" title="A3 motorway (Romania)">A3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bucharest%E2%80%93Giurgiu_Motorway" title="Bucharest–Giurgiu Motorway">A5</a> (planned)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Romania#Expressways" title="Highways in Romania">Expressways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEx2_expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEx2 expressway (page does not exist)">DEx2</a> (planned)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROU_DN1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ROU_DN1.svg/14px-ROU_DN1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ROU_DN1.svg/21px-ROU_DN1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ROU_DN1.svg/28px-ROU_DN1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania#National_roads" title="Roads in Romania">National roads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DN1" title="DN1">DN1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN1A" title="DN1A">DN1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN2" title="DN2">DN2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN3" title="DN3">DN3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN4" title="DN4">DN4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN5" title="DN5">DN5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN6" title="DN6">DN6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN7" title="DN7">DN7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centura_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Centura București">DNCB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ring roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Ring_Motorway" title="Bucharest Ring Motorway"> Motorway A0</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centura_Bucure%C8%99ti" title="Centura București">National road DNCB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DJ100-RO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DJ100-RO.svg/20px-DJ100-RO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DJ100-RO.svg/30px-DJ100-RO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/DJ100-RO.svg/40px-DJ100-RO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="704" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania#County_and_local_roads" title="Roads in Romania">County roads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ200 (page does not exist)">DJ200</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ200A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ200A (page does not exist)">DJ200A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ200B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ200B (page does not exist)">DJ200B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ300 (page does not exist)">DJ300</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ301 (page does not exist)">DJ301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ301A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ301A (page does not exist)">DJ301A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ301B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ301B (page does not exist)">DJ301B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ401 (page does not exist)">DJ401</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ401D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ401D (page does not exist)">DJ401D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ503&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ503 (page does not exist)">DJ503</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ601&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ601 (page does not exist)">DJ601</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ601A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ601A (page does not exist)">DJ601A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DJ602&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DJ602 (page does not exist)">DJ602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DC25-RO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DC25-RO.svg/20px-DC25-RO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DC25-RO.svg/30px-DC25-RO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/DC25-RO.svg/40px-DC25-RO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="704" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania#Local_roads" title="Roads in Romania">Local roads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC13 (page does not exist)">DC13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC18 (page does not exist)">DC18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC21 (page does not exist)">DC21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC22 (page does not exist)">DC22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC24 (page does not exist)">DC24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC27 (page does not exist)">DC27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC55 (page does not exist)">DC55</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC77A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC77A (page does not exist)">DC77A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC101,_Local_road_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC101, Local road in Romania (page does not exist)">DC101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC121 (page does not exist)">DC121</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DC122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DC122 (page does not exist)">DC122</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E60" title="European route E60">E60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E70" title="European route E70">E70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E81" title="European route E81">E81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E85" title="European route E85">E85</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports" title="List of airports"><img alt="Airport interchange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/13px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/20px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/BSicon_FLUG.svg/26px-BSicon_FLUG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest#Airports" title="Transport in Bucharest">Air</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Airports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coand%C4%83_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Coandă International Airport">Henri Coandă International Airport</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Vlaicu_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurel Vlaicu International Airport">Aurel Vlaicu International Airport</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinceni_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinceni Airfield (page does not exist)">Clinceni Airfield</a> (leisure and air-school)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle-Silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bicycle-Silhouette.svg/16px-Bicycle-Silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bicycle-Silhouette.svg/24px-Bicycle-Silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bicycle-Silhouette.svg/32px-Bicycle-Silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> Cycling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Bucharest" title="Cycling in Bucharest">Cycling in Bucharest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSicon_FERRY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSicon_FERRY.svg/17px-BSicon_FERRY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSicon_FERRY.svg/26px-BSicon_FERRY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSicon_FERRY.svg/34px-BSicon_FERRY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bucharest#Water_transport" title="Transport in Bucharest">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colentina_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Colentina River">Colentina River</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Her%C4%83str%C4%83u" title="Lake Herăstrău">Lake Herăstrău</a> (leisure boats only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacul_Morii" title="Lacul Morii">Lacul Morii</a> (water-sports only)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Bucharest_Canal" title="Danube–Bucharest Canal">Danube–Bucharest Canal</a> (construction halted in 1990)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Bucharest,_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Bucharest" title="Template:Geography of Bucharest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Bucharest" title="Template talk:Geography of Bucharest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Bucharest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Bucharest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Bucharest,_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">Sectors of Bucharest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sector_1_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 1 (Bucharest)">Sector 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_2_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 2 (Bucharest)">Sector 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_3_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 3 (Bucharest)">Sector 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_4_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 4 (Bucharest)">Sector 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_5_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 5 (Bucharest)">Sector 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_6_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 6 (Bucharest)">Sector 6</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Bucharest"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bucharest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Bucharest</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts (quarters)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13_Septembrie" title="13 Septembrie">13 Septembrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia%C8%9Biei" title="Aviației">Aviației</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa" title="Băneasa">Băneasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berceni,_Bucharest" title="Berceni, Bucharest">Berceni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99tii_Noi" title="Bucureștii Noi">Bucureștii Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrul_Civic" title="Centrul Civic">Centrul Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colentina,_Bucharest" title="Colentina, Bucharest">Colentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotroceni" title="Cotroceni">Cotroceni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2nga%C8%99i" title="Crângași">Crângași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%83m%C4%83roaia" title="Dămăroaia">Dămăroaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealul_Spirii" title="Dealul Spirii">Dealul Spirii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doroban%C8%9Bi" title="Dorobanți">Dorobanți</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dristor" title="Dristor">Dristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumul_Taberei" title="Drumul Taberei">Drumul Taberei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99ti,_Bucharest" title="Dudești, Bucharest">Dudești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferentari" title="Ferentari">Ferentari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floreasca" title="Floreasca">Floreasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundeni,_Bucharest" title="Fundeni, Bucharest">Fundeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghencea" title="Ghencea">Ghencea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giule%C8%99ti" title="Giulești">Giulești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giurgiului" title="Giurgiului">Giurgiului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grivi%C8%9Ba" title="Grivița">Grivița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iancului" title="Iancului">Iancului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipscani" title="Lipscani">Lipscani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militari" title="Militari">Militari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C8%99ilor" title="Moșilor">Moșilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obor" title="Obor">Obor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od%C4%83i" title="Odăi">Odăi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Old_Town" title="Bucharest Old Town">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olteni%C8%9Bei" title="Olteniței">Olteniței</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelimon,_Bucharest" title="Pantelimon, Bucharest">Pantelimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipera" title="Pipera">Pipera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prim%C4%83verii" title="Primăverii">Primăverii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progresul" title="Progresul">Progresul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahova" title="Rahova">Rahova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regie,_Bucharest" title="Regie, Bucharest">Regie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tei,_Bucharest" title="Tei, Bucharest">Tei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tineretului" title="Tineretului">Tineretului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan,_Bucharest" title="Titan, Bucharest">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitan,_Bucharest" title="Vitan, Bucharest">Vitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti,_Bucharest" title="Văcărești, Bucharest">Văcărești</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Square" title="Charles de Gaulle Square">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Constitu%C8%9Biei" title="Piața Constituției">Constituției</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_Square" title="Quito Square">Quito Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Square,_Bucharest" title="Revolution Square, Bucharest">Revoluției</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Roman%C4%83" title="Piața Romană">Romană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Rosetti" title="Piața Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii" title="Piața Unirii">Unirii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Square,_Bucharest" title="University Square, Bucharest">University Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Bucharest" title="Victory Square, Bucharest">Victory Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulevardul_Unirii" title="Bulevardul Unirii">Bulevardul Unirii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calea_Mo%C8%99ilor" title="Calea Moșilor">Calea Moșilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulevardul_Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Bulevardul Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipscani" title="Lipscani">Lipscani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulevardul_Magheru" title="Bulevardul Magheru">Magheru Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98oseaua_Kiseleff" title="Șoseaua Kiseleff">Șoseaua Kiseleff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotroceni" title="Cotroceni">Cotroceni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealul_Mitropoliei" title="Dealul Mitropoliei">Dealul Mitropoliei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealul_Spirii" title="Dealul Spirii">Dealul Spirii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colentina_(river)" title="Colentina (river)">Colentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Dâmbovița (river)">Dâmbovița</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Bucharest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Bucharest">Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lacul_Morii" title="Lacul Morii">Lacul Morii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_B%C4%83neasa" title="Lake Băneasa">Lake Băneasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ci%C8%99migiu" title="Lake Cișmigiu">Lake Cișmigiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba" title="Lake Dâmbovița">Lake Dâmbovița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Floreasca" title="Lake Floreasca">Lake Floreasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Fundeni" title="Lake Fundeni">Lake Fundeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Grivi%C8%9Ba" title="Lake Grivița">Lake Grivița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Her%C4%83str%C4%83u" title="Lake Herăstrău">Lake Herăstrău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pantelimon" title="Lake Pantelimon">Lake Pantelimon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Plumbuita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Plumbuita (page does not exist)">Lake Plumbuita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Str%C4%83ule%C8%99ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Străulești (page does not exist)">Lake Străulești</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Tei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Tei (page does not exist)">Lake Tei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tineretului" title="Lake Tineretului">Lake Tineretului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Titan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Titan (page does not exist)">Lake Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti" title="Lake Văcărești">Lake Văcărești</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83neasa_Forest" title="Băneasa Forest">Băneasa Forest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Codrii_Vl%C4%83siei" title="Codrii Vlăsiei">Codrii Vlăsiei</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordei_Park" title="Bordei Park">Bordei Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Botanical_Garden" title="Bucharest Botanical Garden">Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Park" title="Carol Park">Carol Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ci%C8%99migiu_Gardens" title="Cișmigiu Gardens">Cișmigiu Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giule%C8%99ti_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulești Park">Giulești Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%83dina_Icoanei" title="Grădina Icoanei">Grădina Icoanei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her%C4%83str%C4%83u_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Herăstrău Park">Herăstrău Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tineretului_Park" title="Tineretului Park">Tineretului Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitan_Park" title="Vitan Park">Vitan Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_metropolitan_area" title="Bucharest metropolitan area">Bucharest metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilometer_Zero_(Bucharest)" title="Kilometer Zero (Bucharest)">Kilometer Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtea_Veche" title="Curtea Veche">Old Princely Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Romania_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Romania" title="Template:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Romania" title="Template talk:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Romania_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities in Romania</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti" title="Pitești">Pitești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baia_Mare" title="Baia Mare">Baia Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.0em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Romania" title="Metropolitan areas in Romania">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_population" title="List of Romanian counties by population">counties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Romania_(alphabetical_order_by_county)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RoJudCapitals" title="Template:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RoJudCapitals" title="Template talk:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RoJudCapitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Romania_(alphabetical_order_by_county)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <small>(alphabetical order by county)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Alba Iulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti" title="Pitești">Pitești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistri%C8%9Ba" title="Bistrița">Bistrița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boto%C8%99ani" title="Botoșani">Botoșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba" title="Reșița">Reșița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99i" title="Călărași">Călărași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntu_Gheorghe" title="Sfântu Gheorghe">Sfântu Gheorghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te" title="Târgoviște">Târgoviște</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giurgiu" title="Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Jiu" title="Târgu Jiu">Târgu Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miercurea_Ciuc" title="Miercurea Ciuc">Miercurea Ciuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva,_Romania" title="Deva, Romania">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobozia" title="Slobozia">Slobozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baia_Mare" title="Baia Mare">Baia Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drobeta-Turnu_Severin" title="Drobeta-Turnu Severin">Drobeta-Turnu Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatra_Neam%C8%9B" title="Piatra Neamț">Piatra Neamț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slatina,_Romania" title="Slatina, Romania">Slatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%83u" title="Zalău">Zalău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Romania" title="Alexandria, Romania">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicu_V%C3%A2lcea" title="Râmnicu Vâlcea">Râmnicu Vâlcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a> <small>(national capital)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/70px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/105px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/140px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Template:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Template talk:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam"><img alt="Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/45px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/68px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/90px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/45px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/68px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/90px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/45px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/68px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/90px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="501" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava"><img alt="Bratislava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels"><img alt="Brussels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>:</small><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/45px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/68px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/90px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest"><img alt="Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/45px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/68px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/90px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen"><img alt="Copenhagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="264" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin"><img alt="Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/45px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/68px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/90px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki"><img alt="Helsinki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/45px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/68px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/90px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="578" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/45px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/68px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/90px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana"><img alt="Ljubljana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City"><img alt="Luxembourg City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/45px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/68px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/90px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/45px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/68px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/90px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="926" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris"><img alt="Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague"><img alt="Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/45px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/68px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/90px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga"><img alt="Riga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/45px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/68px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/90px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome"><img alt="Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/45px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/68px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/90px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia"><img alt="Sofia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/45px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/68px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/90px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm"><img alt="Stockholm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta"><img alt="Valletta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/45px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/68px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/90px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna"><img alt="Vienna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius"><img alt="Vilnius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="561" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw"><img alt="Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/45px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/68px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/90px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19660#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19660#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19660#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121826352">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145400098">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204510/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwX8yYyGmQV3fxx9vjjYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4008858-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018848">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865976v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865976v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bukurešť (Rumunsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128856&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453227">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvt7k00nqtj04">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554806905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\B\U\Bucharest">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&oldid=1259214349">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bucharest&oldid=1259214349</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bucharest" title="Category:Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li><li><a 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