SQL Window Functions Introduction

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href="javascript: void(0);">Configuring a Multitenant Cluster</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-a-multitenant-cluster-introduction/">Configuring a Multitenant Cluster Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-multitenant-resources/">Configuring Multitenant Resources</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-resources-for-a-shared-drillbit/">Configuring Resources for a Shared Drillbit</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Configuration Options</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuration-options-introduction/">Configuration Options Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/start-up-options/">Start-Up Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference 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href="/docs/opentsdb-storage-plugin/">OpenTSDB Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/kafka-storage-plugin/">Kafka Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/azure-blob-storage-plugin/">Azure Blob Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/druid-storage-plugin/">Druid Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/http-storage-plugin/">HTTP Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/elasticsearch-storage-plugin/">ElasticSearch Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/splunk-storage-plugin/">Splunk Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/cassandra-storage-plugin/">Cassandra Storage Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" 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class="reference internal" href="/docs/installing-the-driver-on-mac-os-x/">Installing the Driver on Mac OS X</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/installing-the-driver-on-windows/">Installing the Driver on Windows</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Configuring ODBC</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/odbc-configuration-reference/">ODBC Configuration Reference</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/logging-and-tracing/">Logging and Tracing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-odbc-on-linux/">Configuring ODBC on Linux</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-odbc-on-mac-os-x/">Configuring ODBC on Mac OS X</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-odbc-on-windows/">Configuring ODBC on Windows</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/testing-the-odbc-connection/">Testing the ODBC Connection</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Using Drill Explorer</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/drill-explorer-introduction/">Drill Explorer Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/connecting-drill-explorer-to-data/">Connecting Drill Explorer to Data</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/browsing-data-and-defining-views/">Browsing Data and Defining Views</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Using Drill with BI Tools</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-drill-with-bi-tools-introduction/">Using Drill with BI Tools Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/tableau-examples/">Tableau Examples</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-microstrategy-analytics-with-apache-drill/">Using MicroStrategy Analytics with Apache Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-tibco-spotfire-desktop-with-drill/">Using Tibco Spotfire Desktop with Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-tibco-spotfire-server-with-drill/">Configuring Tibco Spotfire Server with Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-qlik-sense-with-drill/">Using Qlik Sense with Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-apache-drill-with-tableau-10-2/">Using Apache Drill with Tableau 10.2</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-apache-drill-with-tableau-9-desktop/">Using Apache Drill with Tableau 9 Desktop</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-apache-drill-with-tableau-9-server/">Using Apache Drill with Tableau 9 Server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-information-builders-webfocus-with-apache-drill/">Using Information Builders’ WebFOCUS with Apache Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-jreport-with-drill/">Configuring JReport with Drill</a></li> </ul> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Query Data</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-data-introduction/">Query Data Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Querying a File System</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-a-file-system-introduction/">Querying a File System Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-avro-files/">Querying Avro Files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-json-files/">Querying JSON Files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-parquet-files/">Querying Parquet Files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-plain-text-files/">Querying Plain Text Files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-directories/">Querying Directories</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-sequence-files/">Querying Sequence Files</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-hbase/">Querying HBase</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Querying Complex Data</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-complex-data-introduction/">Querying Complex Data Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sample-data-donuts/">Sample Data: Donuts</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/selecting-flat-data/">Selecting Flat Data</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-sql-functions-clauses-and-joins/">Using SQL Functions, Clauses, and Joins</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/selecting-nested-data-for-a-column/">Selecting Nested Data for a Column</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/selecting-multiple-columns-within-nested-data/">Selecting Multiple Columns Within Nested Data</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-hive/">Querying Hive</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-the-information-schema/">Querying the INFORMATION SCHEMA</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Querying Indexes</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-indexes-introduction/">Querying Indexes Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/queries-that-qualify-for-index-based-query-plans/">Queries that Qualify for Index-Based Query Plans</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/types-of-indexes/">Types of Indexes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/index-selection/">Index Selection</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/designing-indexes-for-your-queries/">Designing Indexes for Your Queries</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/configuring-index-planning/">Configuring Index Planning</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/verifying-index-use/">Verifying Index Use</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/querying-system-tables/">Querying System Tables</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/monitoring-and-canceling-queries-in-the-drill-web-ui/">Monitoring and Canceling Queries in the Drill Web UI</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Performance Tuning</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Drill Metastore</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-drill-metastore/">Using Drill Metastore</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/drill-iceberg-metastore/">Drill Iceberg Metastore</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/rdbms-metastore/">RDBMS Metastore</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/mongo-metastore/">Mongo Metastore</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/performance-tuning-introduction/">Performance Tuning Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Partition Pruning</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/partition-pruning-introduction/">Partition Pruning Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/how-to-partition-data/">How to Partition Data</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/asynchronous-parquet-reader/">Asynchronous Parquet Reader</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/optimizing-parquet-metadata-reading/">Optimizing Parquet Metadata Reading</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/parquet-filter-pushdown/">Parquet Filter Pushdown</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/hive-metadata-caching/">Hive Metadata Caching</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/choosing-a-storage-format/">Choosing a Storage Format</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Query Plans and Tuning</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-plans-and-tuning-introduction/">Query Plans and Tuning Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/join-planning-guidelines/">Join Planning Guidelines</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/guidelines-for-optimizing-aggregation/">Guidelines for Optimizing Aggregation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/modifying-query-planning-options/">Modifying Query Planning Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sort-based-and-hash-based-memory-constrained-operators/">Sort-Based and Hash-Based Memory-Constrained Operators</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/enabling-query-queuing/">Enabling Query Queuing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/throttling/">Throttling</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/controlling-parallelization-to-balance-performance-with-multi-tenancy/">Controlling Parallelization to Balance Performance with Multi-Tenancy</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Identifying Performance Issues</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-plans/">Query Plans</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-profiles/">Query Profiles</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Performance Tuning Reference</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-profile-column-descriptions/">Query Profile Column Descriptions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/physical-operators/">Physical Operators</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/monitoring-metrics/">Monitoring Metrics</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Log and Debug</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/log-and-debug-introduction/">Log and Debug Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/error-messages/">Error Messages</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/modify-logback-xml/">Modify logback.xml</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/review-the-java-stack-trace/">Review the Java Stack Trace</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-audit-logging/">Query Audit Logging</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1 current_section "><a href="javascript: void(0);">SQL Reference</a></li> <ul class="current_section"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sql-reference-introduction/">SQL Reference Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Data Types</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/supported-data-types/">Supported Data Types</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/date-time-and-timestamp/">Date, Time, and Timestamp</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/handling-different-data-types/">Handling Different Data Types</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/lexical-structure/">Lexical Structure</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/operators/">Operators</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">SQL Functions</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/about-sql-function-examples/">About SQL Function Examples</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/math-and-trig/">Math and Trig</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/statistical/">Statistical</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/data-type-conversion/">Data Type Conversion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/data-type-functions/">Data Type Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/date-time-functions-and-arithmetic/">Date/Time Functions and Arithmetic</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/string-manipulation/">String Manipulation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/aggregate-and-aggregate-statistical/">Aggregate and Aggregate Statistical</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/functions-for-handling-nulls/">Functions for Handling Nulls</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/phonetic-functions/">Phonetic Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/string-distance-functions/">String Distance Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/cryptography-functions/">Cryptography Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sql-dialect-compatibility-functions/">SQL dialect compatibility functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/gis-functions/">GIS functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/time-series-analysis-functions/">Time Series Analysis Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/ip-networking-functions/">IP Networking functions</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">SQL Window Functions</a></li> <ul style=""> <li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sql-window-functions-introduction/">SQL Window Functions Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">Aggregate Window Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">Ranking Window Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/value-window-functions/">Value Window Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sql-window-functions-examples/">SQL Window Functions Examples</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Nested Data Functions</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/nested-data-limitations/">Nested Data Limitations</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/flatten/">FLATTEN</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/kvgen/">KVGEN</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/repeated-count/">REPEATED_COUNT</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/repeated-contains/">REPEATED_CONTAINS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/list-creation-functions/">COLLECT_LIST</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/query-directory-functions/">Query Directory Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">SQL Commands</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/supported-sql-commands/">Supported SQL Commands</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/analyze-table-refresh-metadata/">ANALYZE TABLE REFRESH METADATA</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/analyze-table-compute-statistics/">ANALYZE TABLE COMPUTE STATISTICS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/set/">SET</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/refresh-table-metadata/">REFRESH TABLE METADATA</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/reset/">RESET</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/alter-system/">ALTER SYSTEM</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/create-or-replace-schema/">CREATE OR REPLACE SCHEMA</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/create-table-as-ctas/">CREATE TABLE AS (CTAS)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/create-temporary-table-as-cttas/">CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE AS (CTTAS)</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/create-function-using-jar/">CREATE FUNCTION USING JAR</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/partition-by-clause/">PARTITION BY Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/create-view/">CREATE VIEW</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/describe/">DESCRIBE</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/drop-function-using-jar/">DROP FUNCTION USING JAR</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/drop-table/">DROP TABLE</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/drop-view/">DROP VIEW</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/explain/">EXPLAIN</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/lateral-join/">LATERAL Join</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/select/">SELECT</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/select-list/">SELECT List</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/from-clause/">FROM Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/group-by-clause/">GROUP BY Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/having-clause/">HAVING Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/limit-clause/">LIMIT Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/offset-clause/">OFFSET Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/order-by-clause/">ORDER BY Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/set-operators/">Set Operators</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/where-clause/">WHERE Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/with-clause/">WITH Clause</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/show-databases-and-show-schemas/">SHOW DATABASES and SHOW SCHEMAS</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/show-files/">SHOW FILES</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/show-tables/">SHOW TABLES</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/use/">USE</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/pivot-operators/">Pivot Operators</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">SQL Conditional Expressions</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/case/">CASE</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/reserved-keywords/">Reserved Keywords</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sql-extensions/">SQL Extensions</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Data Sources and File Formats</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/data-sources-and-file-formats-introduction/">Data Sources and File Formats Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/hive-to-drill-data-type-mapping/">Hive-to-Drill Data Type Mapping</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/deploying-and-using-a-hive-udf/">Deploying and Using a Hive UDF</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/parquet-format/">Parquet Format</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/logfile-plugin/">Logfile Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/json-data-model/">JSON Data Model</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/text-files-csv-tsv-psv/">Text Files: CSV, TSV, PSV</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sequence-files/">Sequence Files</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/httpd-format-plugin/">HTTPD Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/image-metadata-format-plugin/">Image Metadata Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/syslog-format-plugin/">Syslog Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/ltsv-format-plugin/">LTSV Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/spss-format-plugin/">SPSS Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/esri-shapefile-format-plugin/">ESRI Shapefile Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/excel-format-plugin/">Excel Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/hdf5-format-plugin/">HDF5 Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/ms-access-format-plugin/">Microsoft Access Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/xml-format-plugin/">XML Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/iceberg-format-plugin/">Iceberg Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/delta-lake-format-plugin/">Delta Lake Format Plugin</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/sas-format-plugin/">SAS Format Plugin</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Develop Custom Functions</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/develop-custom-functions-introduction/">Develop Custom Functions Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/developing-a-simple-function/">Developing a Simple Function</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/tutorial-develop-a-simple-function/">Tutorial: Develop a Simple Function</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/developing-an-aggregate-function/">Developing an Aggregate Function</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Adding Custom Functions to Drill</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/adding-custom-functions-to-drill-introduction/">Adding Custom Functions to Drill Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/manually-adding-custom-functions-to-drill/">Manually Adding Custom Functions to Drill</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/creating-custom-authenticators/">Creating Custom Authenticators</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/dynamic-udfs/">Dynamic UDFs</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/using-custom-functions-in-queries/">Using Custom Functions in Queries</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/custom-function-interfaces/">Custom Function Interfaces</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/troubleshooting/">Troubleshooting</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Developer Information</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">REST API</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/rest-api-introduction/">REST API Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/submitting-queries-from-the-rest-api-when-impersonation-is-enabled-and-authentication-is-disabled/">Submitting Queries from the REST API when Impersonation is Enabled and Authentication is Disabled</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/use-postman-to-run-sql-queries-on-drill-data-sources/">Use Postman to Run SQL Queries on Drill Data Sources</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: void(0);">Develop Drill</a></li> <ul style="display: none"> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/compiling-drill-from-source/">Compiling Drill from Source</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="/docs/useful-information-for-drill-developers/">Useful Information for Drill Developers</a></li> </ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a href="javascript: 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Introduction</li> </nav> <div class="main-content-wrapper"> <div class="main-content"> <a class="edit-link" href="https://github.com/apache/drill-site/blob/master/_docs/en/sql-reference/sql-window-functions/010-sql-window-functions-introduction.md" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i></a> <div class="int_title left"> <h1>SQL Window Functions Introduction</h1> </div>  <div class="int_text" align="left"> <p>Window functions operate on a set of rows and return a single value for each row from the underlying query. The term window describes the set of rows on which the function operates. A window function uses values from the rows in a window to calculate the returned values.</p> <p>When you use a window function in a query, define the window using the OVER() clause. The OVER() clause (window definition) differentiates window functions from other analytical and reporting functions. A query can include multiple window functions with the same or different window definitions.</p> <p>The OVER() clause has the following capabilities:</p> <ul> <li>Defines window partitions to form groups of rows (PARTITION BY clause).</li> <li>Orders rows within a partition (ORDER BY clause).</li> </ul> <p>For example, the following query uses the AVG() window function to calculate the average sales for employees in Q1:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> select emp_name, dealer_id, sales, avg(sales) over() as avgsales from q1_sales; |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| | emp_name | dealer_id | sales | avgsales | |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| | Beverly Lang | 2 | 16233 | 13631 | | Kameko French | 2 | 16233 | 13631 | | Ursa George | 3 | 15427 | 13631 | | Ferris Brown | 1 | 19745 | 13631 | | Noel Meyer | 1 | 19745 | 13631 | | Abel Kim | 3 | 12369 | 13631 | | Raphael Hull | 1 | 8227 | 13631 | | Jack Salazar | 1 | 9710 | 13631 | | May Stout | 3 | 9308 | 13631 | | Haviva Montoya | 2 | 9308 | 13631 | |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| 10 rows selected (0.213 seconds) </code></pre></div></div> <p>The AVG() window function operates on the rows defined in the window and returns a value for each row. To compare, you can run a query using the AVG() function as a standard set function:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> select avg(sales) as avgsales from q1_sales; |-----------| | avgsales | |-----------| | 13630.5 | |-----------| 1 row selected (0.131 seconds) </code></pre></div></div> <p>The query returns one row with the average of all the values in the specified column instead of returning values for each row.</p> <p>You can also include the optional PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses in a query. The PARTITION BY clause subdivides the window into partitions. The ORDER BY clause defines the logical order of the rows within each partition of the result set. Window functions are applied to the rows within each partition and sorted according to the order specification.</p> <p>The following query uses the AVG() window function with the PARTITION BY clause to determine the average car sales for each dealer in Q1:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> select emp_name, dealer_id, sales, avg(sales) over (partition by dealer_id) as avgsales from q1_sales; |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| | emp_name | dealer_id | sales | avgsales | |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| | Ferris Brown | 1 | 19745 | 14357 | | Noel Meyer | 1 | 19745 | 14357 | | Raphael Hull | 1 | 8227 | 14357 | | Jack Salazar | 1 | 9710 | 14357 | | Beverly Lang | 2 | 16233 | 13925 | | Kameko French | 2 | 16233 | 13925 | | Haviva Montoya | 2 | 9308 | 13925 | | Ursa George | 3 | 15427 | 12368 | | Abel Kim | 3 | 12369 | 12368 | | May Stout | 3 | 9308 | 12368 | |-----------------|------------|--------|-----------| 10 rows selected (0.215 seconds) </code></pre></div></div> <p>The following query uses the AVG() and ROW_NUM() window functions to determine the average car sales for each dealer in Q1 and assign a row number to each row in a partition:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> select dealer_id, sales, emp_name,row_number() over (partition by dealer_id order by sales) as `row`,avg(sales) over (partition by dealer_id) as avgsales from q1_sales; |------------|--------|-----------------|------|---------------| | dealer_id | sales | emp_name | row | avgsales | |------------|--------|-----------------|------|---------------| | 1 | 8227 | Raphael Hull | 1 | 14356 | | 1 | 9710 | Jack Salazar | 2 | 14356 | | 1 | 19745 | Ferris Brown | 3 | 14356 | | 1 | 19745 | Noel Meyer | 4 | 14356 | | 2 | 9308 | Haviva Montoya | 1 | 13924 | | 2 | 16233 | Beverly Lang | 2 | 13924 | | 2 | 16233 | Kameko French | 3 | 13924 | | 3 | 9308 | May Stout | 1 | 12368 | | 3 | 12369 | Abel Kim | 2 | 12368 | | 3 | 15427 | Ursa George | 3 | 12368 | |------------|--------|-----------------|------|---------------| 10 rows selected (0.37 seconds) </code></pre></div></div> <h2 id="types-of-window-functions">Types of Window Functions</h2> <p>Currently, Drill supports the following value, aggregate, and ranking window functions:</p> <p><a href="/docs/value-window-functions/">Value</a></p> <ul> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[FIRST_VALUE()](/docs/value-window-functions/#first_value-</td> <td>-last_value)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[LAG()](/docs/value-window-functions/#lag-</td> <td>-lead)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[LAST_VALUE()](/docs/value-window-functions/#first_value-</td> <td>-last_value)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[LEAD()](/docs/value-window-functions/#lag-</td> <td>-lead)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">Aggregate</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">AVG()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">COUNT()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">MAX()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">MIN()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">SUM()</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">Ranking</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">CUME_DIST()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">DENSE_RANK()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">NTILE()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">PERCENT_RANK()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">RANK()</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/ranking-window-functions/">ROW_NUMBER()</a></li> </ul> <p>All of the ranking functions depend on the sort ordering specified by the ORDER BY clause of the associated window definition. Rows that are not distinct in the ordering are called peers. The ranking functions are defined so that they give the same answer for any two peer rows.</p> <h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> window_function (expression) OVER ( [ PARTITION BY expr_list ] [ ORDER BY order_list ][ frame_clause ] ) </code></pre></div></div> <p>where function is one of the functions described, such as AVG(), and <em>expr_list</em> is:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> expression | column_name [, expr_list ] </code></pre></div></div> <p>and <em>order_list</em> is:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> expression | column_name [ASC | DESC] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, order_list ] </code></pre></div></div> <p>and the optional <em>frame_clause</em> is one of the following frames:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> { RANGE | ROWS } frame_start { RANGE | ROWS } BETWEEN frame_start AND frame_end </code></pre></div></div> <p>where <em>frame_start</em> is one of the following choices:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> UNBOUNDED PRECEDING CURRENT ROW </code></pre></div></div> <p>and <em>frame_end</em> is one of the following choices:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> CURRENT ROW UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING </code></pre></div></div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The `frame_end` choice cannot appear earlier than the `frame_start` choice and defaults to CURRENT ROW if not explicitly included. </p> </div> <h2 id="arguments">Arguments</h2> <p><em>window_function</em> Any of the following functions used with the OVER clause to provide a window specification:</p> <ul> <li>AVG()</li> <li>COUNT()</li> <li>CUME_DIST()</li> <li>DENSE_RANK()</li> <li>FIRST_VALUE()</li> <li>LAG()</li> <li>LAST_VALUE()</li> <li>LEAD()</li> <li>MAX()</li> <li>MIN()</li> <li>NTILE()</li> <li>PERCENT_RANK()</li> <li>RANK()</li> <li>ROW_NUMBER()</li> <li>SUM()</li> </ul> <p>OVER() OVER() is a mandatory clause that defines a window within a query result set. OVER() is a subset of SELECT and a part of the aggregate definition. A window function computes a value for each row in the window.</p> <p>PARTITION BY <em>expr_list</em> PARTITION BY is an optional clause that subdivides the data into partitions. Including the partition clause divides the query result set into partitions, and the window function is applied to each partition separately. Computation restarts for each partition. If you do not include a partition clause, the function calculates on the entire table or file.</p> <p>ORDER BY <em>order_list</em> The ORDER BY clause defines the logical order of the rows within each partition of the result set. If no PARTITION BY is specified, ORDER BY uses the entire table. ORDER BY is optional for the aggregate window functions and required for the ranking functions. This ORDER BY clause does not relate to the ORDER BY clause used outside of the OVER clause.</p> <p>The window function is applied to the rows within each partition sorted according to the order specification.</p> <p>Column identifiers or expressions that evaluate to column identifiers are required in the order list. You can also use constants as substitutes for column names.</p> <p>NULLS are treated as their own group, sorted and ranked last in ASC and sorted and ranked first in DESC. ASC is the default sort order.</p> <p><em>column_name</em> The name of a column to be partitioned by or ordered by.</p> <p>ASC | DESC Specifies sort order, either ascending or descending.</p> <p><em>frame_clause</em> For window functions that operate on the frame instead of the whole partition, the frame_clause specifies the group of rows that create the window frame. The frame_clause supports the following frames:</p> <ul> <li>RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING</li> <li>RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW</li> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[RANGE</td> <td>ROWS] BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>[RANGE</td> <td>ROWS] BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> </ul> <p>The default frame is RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW, which is the same as RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING. This frame sets the frame as all rows from the start of the partition through the current row’s last peer in the ordering, as specified by the ORDER BY clause. The frame also includes ties when ordering is not unique.</p> <p>The following delimiters define the frame:</p> <ul> <li>UNBOUNDED PRECEDING The frame starts with the first row of the partition.</li> <li>UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING The frame ends with the last row of the partition, for both ROW and RANGE modes.</li> <li>CURRENT ROW In ROWS mode, CURRENT ROW means that the frame starts or ends with the current row. In RANGE mode, CURRENT ROW means that the frame starts or ends with the current row’s first or last peer in the ORDER BY ordering.</li> </ul> <h2 id="usage-notes">Usage Notes</h2> <ul> <li>You can only use window functions in the SELECT list and ORDER BY clauses of a query.</li> <li>Window functions precede ORDER BY.</li> <li>Drill processes window functions after the WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses.</li> <li>Including the OVER() clause after an aggregate set function turns the function into an aggregate window function.</li> <li>You can use window functions to aggregate over any number of rows in the window frame.</li> <li>If you want to run a window function on the result set returned by the FLATTEN clause, use FLATTEN in a subquery. For example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">select x, y, a, sum(x) over() from ( select x , y, flatten(z) as a from `complex.json`);</code></li> </ul> <div class="doc-nav"> <span class="previous-toc"><a href="/docs/ip-networking-functions/">← IP Networking functions</a></span><span class="next-toc"><a href="/docs/aggregate-window-functions/">Aggregate Window Functions →</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="push"></p> <div id="footer" class="mw"> <div class="wrapper"> Copyright © 2012-2025 The Apache Software Foundation, licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.<br> Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names appearing on the site may be trademarks of their respective owners.<br/><br/> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-548b2caa33765e8d" async="async"></script> </body> </html>

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