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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" 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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">形式语义学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。22种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formale_Semantik" title="Formale Semantik – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Formale Semantik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A" title="علم الدلالة الشكلي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الدلالة الشكلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantika_(informatika)" title="Semantika (informatika) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Semantika (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mantika_programovac%C3%ADch_jazyk%C5%AF" title="Sémantika programovacích jazyků – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sémantika programovacích jazyků" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Семантика (программăлани) – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Семантика (программăлани)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formale_Semantik" title="Formale Semantik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Formale Semantik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Τυπική σημασιολογία των γλωσσών προγραμματισμού – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυπική σημασιολογία των γλωσσών προγραμματισμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics_(computer_science)" title="Semantics (computer science) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semantics (computer science)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A1ntica_de_lenguajes_de_programaci%C3%B3n" title="Semántica de lenguajes de programación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semántica de lenguajes de programación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="معنی‌شناسی (علوم رایانه) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معنی‌شناسی (علوم رایانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mantique_des_langages_de_programmation" title="Sémantique des langages de programmation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sémantique des langages de programmation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalna_semantika_programskih_jezika" title="Formalna semantika programskih jezika – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Formalna semantika programskih jezika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantica_formale" title="Semantica formale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Semantica formale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E8%AB%96" title="プログラム意味論 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プログラム意味論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%A1%A0_(%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99)" title="의미론 (컴퓨터 과학) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의미론 (컴퓨터 과학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Семантика на програмски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семантика на програмски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantiek_(informatica)" title="Semantiek (informatica) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semantiek (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%A2ntica_formal" title="Semântica formal – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semântica formal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Семантика (программирование) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семантика (программирование)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Семантика програмских језика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семантика програмских језика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Семантика (інформатика) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семантика (інформатика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="語義 (程式語言) – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語義 (程式語言)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1437428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Formal_semantics_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formal semantics (linguistics)（页面不存在）">Linguistic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="邏輯語義學">邏輯語義學</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_analysis_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic analysis (linguistics)（页面不存在）">Analysis</a></li> <li><div class="hlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical semantics（页面不存在）">Lexical</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexis_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexis (linguistics)（页面不存在）">lexis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E5%AD%A6" title="词汇学">词汇学</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistical_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistical semantics（页面不存在）">Statistical</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Structural semantics（页面不存在）">Structural</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="原型理論">原型理論</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Force_dynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Force dynamics（页面不存在）">Force dynamics</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的語言學問題">未解決的語言學問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%B9%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%8D%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="摹状词理论">摹状词理论</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">形式语义学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 类型</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%A7%B0%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89" title="指称语义">指称语义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="公理语义学">公理语义学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="操作语义学">操作语义学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action semantics（页面不存在）">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorical_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorical logic（页面不存在）">Categorical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrency semantics（页面不存在）">Concurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89" title="博弈语义">博弈语义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predicate_transformer_semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predicate transformer semantics（页面不存在）">Predicate transformational</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 理论</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E9%87%8A%E4%B9%89" title="抽象释义">抽象释义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstract_semantic_graph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abstract semantic graph（页面不存在）">Abstract semantic graph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_matching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic matching（页面不存在）">Semantic matching</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 分析</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9C%E5%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="潜在语义学">潜在语义学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_analysis_(machine_learning)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic analysis (machine learning)（页面不存在）">Machine-learning</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 应用</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_file_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic file system（页面不存在）">Semantic file system</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%BD%91" title="语义网">语义网</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_wiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic wiki（页面不存在）">Semantic wiki</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="background:#ddddff"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Semantics" title="Template:Semantics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Semantics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Semantics（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Semantics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Semantics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a>中，<b>形式语义学</b>是关注<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="计算">计算</a>的模式和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="程序设计语言">程序设计语言</a>的含义的严格的数学研究的领域。 </p><p>语言的形式语义是用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="数学模型">数学模型</a>去表达该语言描述的可能的计算来给出的。 </p><p>形式语义学（formal semantics），是程序设计理论的组成部分，以数学为工具，利用符号和公式，精确地定义和解释计算机程序设计语言的语义，使语义形式化的学科。 </p><p>提供程序设计语言的形式语义的方法很多，其中主要类别有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%A7%B0%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="指称语义学">指称语义学</a>，着重于语言的执行结果而非过程，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="域理论">域理论</a>；</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="操作语义学">操作语义学</a>，例如抽象机（象<a href="/wiki/SECD%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E6%9C%BA" title="SECD抽象机">SECD抽象机</a>），着重于描述语言的过程；</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="公理语义学">公理语义学</a>，如 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%8D%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谓词变换语义学（页面不存在）">谓词变换语义学</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代数语义学（页面不存在）">代数语义学</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050412180345/http://www.imm.dtu.dk/~riis/Wiley_book/wiley.html">Semantics 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colspan="2"><div>注：该模板大致遵循<a href="/wiki/ACM_%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="ACM 电脑分类系统">ACM 电脑分类系统</a>。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="计算机硬件">计算机硬件</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷电路板">印刷电路板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" title="外部设备">外部设备</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="集成电路">集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="超大规模集成电路">超大规模集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="绿色计算">绿色计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" title="電子設計自動化">電子設計自動化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" title="系统架构">系统架构</a>组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="计算机系统结构">電腦系統架構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="嵌入式系统">嵌入式系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="实时计算">实时计算</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">网络</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="网络传输协议">网络传输协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="路由">路由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="网络拓扑">网络拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="网络服务">网络服务</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="直譯器">直譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6" title="中间件">中间件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" title="虛擬機器">虛擬機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="软件质量">软件质量</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="程式語言理論">软件符号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="软件开发工具">工具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">编程范型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="編譯器">編譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="领域特定语言">领域特定语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="軟體框架">軟體框架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="集成开发环境">集成开发环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="软件配置管理">软件配置管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E5%BC%8F%E5%BA%AB" title="函式庫">函式庫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="软件开发">软件开发</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="软件开发过程">软件开发过程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="需求分析">需求分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="软件设计">软件设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" title="软件部署">软件部署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟體維護">軟體維護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源模式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="自动机">自动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%80%A7" title="可计算性">可计算性理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="計算複雜性理論">計算複雜性理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="量子计算机">量子计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值计算方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="计算机逻辑">计算机逻辑</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">形式语义学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="算法">算法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="算法分析">算法分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="算法设计">算法设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="算法效率">算法效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="随机化算法">随机化算法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="计算几何">计算几何</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">计算数学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="离散数学">离散数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息与计算科学">信息与计算科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="数学软件">数学软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%AE%BA" title="集合论">集合论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="数论">数论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="图论">图论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%BA" title="类型论">类型论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4%E8%AE%BA" title="范畴论">范畴论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BA" title="信息论">信息论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数学分析">数学分析</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="信息系统">信息系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="数据库管理系统">数据库管理系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%AD%98%E8%B2%AF%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦數據存貯器">電腦數據</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="企业信息系统（页面不存在）">企业信息系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="社会性软件">社会性软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地理信息系统">地理信息系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="决策支持系统">决策支持系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="过程控制">过程控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="数据挖掘">数据挖掘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="數位圖書館">數位圖書館</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0" title="系统平台">系统平台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7" title="數位行銷">數位行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="信息檢索">信息檢索</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="计算机安全">安全</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6" title="密码学">密码学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="形式化方法">形式化方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="入侵检测系统">入侵检测系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="网络安全">网络安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="信息安全">信息安全</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92" title="人机交互">人机交互</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" title="计算机辅助功能">计算机辅助功能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="用户界面">用户界面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%A9%BF%E6%88%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="可穿戴计算机">可穿戴计算机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%82%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="普适计算">普适计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="虚拟现实">虚拟现实</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="聊天機器人">聊天機器人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7" title="并发性">并发性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="并发计算">并发计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="并行计算">并行计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="分布式计算">分布式计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B" title="多线程">多线程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="多元處理">多元處理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A8%E7%90%86" title="自动推理">自动推理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="计算语言学">计算语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="计算机视觉">计算机视觉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="进化计算">进化计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="专家系统">专家系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="自然语言处理">自然语言处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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