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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Dunkeld</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Данкельдская дынастыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Данкельдская дынастыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkeldov%C3%A9" title="Dunkeldové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dunkeldové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Dunkeld" title="Huset Dunkeld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Huset Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haus_Dunkeld" title="Haus Dunkeld – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haus Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Οίκος του Ντάνκελντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οίκος του Ντάνκελντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Dunkeld" title="Casa Dunkeld – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkeld_etxea" title="Dunkeld etxea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dunkeld etxea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_Dunkeld" title="Maison de Dunkeld – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison de Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADshliocht_Dh%C3%B9n_Chailleann_(1034%E2%80%931286)" title="Ríshliocht Dhùn Chailleann (1034–1286) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríshliocht Dhùn Chailleann (1034–1286)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ACgh-shliochd_Dh%C3%B9n_Chailleann_(1034%E2%80%931286)" title="Rìgh-shliochd Dhùn Chailleann (1034–1286) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rìgh-shliochd Dhùn Chailleann (1034–1286)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%94%EC%BC%88%EB%93%9C%EA%B0%80" title="둔켈드가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="둔켈드가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Dunkeld" title="Wangsa Dunkeld – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casato_dei_Dunkeld" title="Casato dei Dunkeld – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Casato dei Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93" title="בית דאנקלד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית דאנקלד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Dunkeld" title="Huset Dunkeld – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huset Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_Dunkeld" title="Casa de Dunkeld – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casa de Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Данкельдская династия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Данкельдская династия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoose_o_Dunkeld" title="Hoose o Dunkeld – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hoose o Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld" title="House of Dunkeld – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="House of Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Dunkeld" title="Huset Dunkeld – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huset Dunkeld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkeld_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Dunkeld Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dunkeld Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%A7%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="鄧凱爾德王朝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鄧凱爾德王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1590107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Royal house of Scotland</div> <p> The <b>House of Dunkeld</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Dùn Chailleann</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Fort of the Caledonii' or "of the Caledonians") is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Scotland">Scottish kings</a> from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1286. The line is also variously referred to by historians as "The Canmores" and "MacMalcolm". </p><p>It is dynastically sort of a continuation to <a href="/wiki/Cen%C3%A9l_nGabr%C3%A1in" title="Cenél nGabráin">Cenél nGabráin</a> of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>, "race of Fergus", as "house" was an originally Celtic concept to express one of the two rival leading clans of early medieval Scotland, whose founding father is king <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Mor_of_Dalriada" class="mw-redirect" title="Fergus Mor of Dalriada">Fergus Mor of Dalriada</a>. This Ferguside royal clan had disputed the crown (of <a href="/wiki/Dalriada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalriada">Dalriada</a>, then that of <a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a>) against the <a href="/wiki/Cen%C3%A9l_Loairn" title="Cenél Loairn">Cenél Loairn</a>, the later <a href="/wiki/House_of_Moray" title="House of Moray">House of Moray</a> for the preceding four or more centuries. The <i>Cenél nGabráin</i> were represented by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Alpin" title="House of Alpin">House of Alpin</a> before Dunkeld.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Iain_Moncreiffe" title="Iain Moncreiffe">Iain Moncreiffe</a> made the case that <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADn%C3%A1n_of_Dunkeld" title="Crínán of Dunkeld">Crínán of Dunkeld</a> was actually a kinsman of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Columba">Saint Columba</a> and thus a member of the Irish <a href="/wiki/Cen%C3%A9l_Conaill" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenél Conaill">Cenél Conaill</a>, a royal branch of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Northern Uí Néill">Northern Uí Néill</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Cairney makes the case for a different <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a> descent in the <a href="/wiki/Cen%C3%A9l_nE%C3%B3gain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenél nEógain">Cenél nEógain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not exclude Crínán's descendants from also being a (female line) continuation of the Cenél nGabráin through <a href="/wiki/Beth%C3%B3c" title="Bethóc">Bethóc</a>. </p><p>The Dunkeld dynasty is genealogically based on <a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" title="Duncan I of Scotland">Duncan I of Scotland</a> being of a different agnatic clan to his predecessor and maternal grandfather <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm II of Scotland">Malcolm II of Scotland</a>. However, sociohistorically, the reign of Duncan's son <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III of Scotland</a>, which happens to coincide with the start of the centuries-long period of strong influence from the southern neighbour, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, has been seen as a more important place to start. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_and_features">Time and features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Dunkeld&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Time and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the time of House of Dunkeld, succession to the Scottish throne evolved towards <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> instead of the Irish-Celtic tradition of <a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">tanistry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> traditions (whether they were <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> or not). Although the contemporaries did not have a common name for these monarchs, they were a family who formed a hereditary kingship. </p><p>Distinctive characteristics of the developments of society during this dynasty: </p> <ul><li>Scotland was more influenced by outsiders than it had been earlier, or was to be under the kings of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bruce" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bruce">House of Bruce</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stuart</a>. The kingdom was contested by two established powers: the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. The common goal uniting the usual policies of kings of this dynasty was to balance between the two neighbours, sometimes making alliances to have some outside support (<a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France in the Middle Ages</a>). Wars were fought on both fronts.</li> <li>Many Norman lords and institutions were brought to Scotland, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>; by the end of the period, both had been in Scotland for centuries. The tribal polity evolved to a medieval feudal society, adopting legal traditions from <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and the elite evolved to become broadly "<a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a>" in custom, a change strengthened by the immigration of (Anglo-Saxon) English, Normans and French.</li></ul> <p>The Dunkeld dynasty rose to rule in a time when the kingdom was fragmented, under increasing outside threats, and some monarchs started to initiate more centralized government. </p><p>The Dunkelds came to power after the two centuries of civil unrest under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Alpin" title="House of Alpin">House of Alpin</a>. The first king of this new dynasty was <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III of Scotland</a> who determined that succession would be to the eldest son, not according to the rules of <a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">tanistry</a>. This political decision reduced the conflicts inside the royal family. The Dunkelds consolidated Scotland's union and independence as a kingdom, despite several skirmishes with the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The fall of the House of Dunkeld began in 1286, when <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III</a> died in a horse riding accident. The king had no living sons, only one three-year-old granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland_(Maid_of_Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret of Scotland (Maid of Norway)">Margaret</a>, princess of Norway. Fearing the influence of king <a href="/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norway" title="Eric II of Norway">Eric II of Norway</a>, her father, and another endless civil war, the Scottish nobles appealed to <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a>. Margaret was betrothed to the future <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>, but died shortly afterwards on her arrival to Scotland. </p><p>The dynasty ended at a time when immigrant-originated feudal families had reached a level of prosperity almost as high as the kings and the beneficiaries of feudal system desired for a sufficient guarantee of their positions, rights and properties - even at the cost of national independence. The <a href="/wiki/De_Lundin" title="De Lundin">de Lundin</a> family is descended in the male line from a Dunkeld prince, Robert, the bastard son of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William the Lion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kings_of_the_House_of_Dunkeld">Kings of the House of Dunkeld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Dunkeld&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kings of the House of Dunkeld"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-left:5px;"><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_dtfuhrlvurwdqbork9m10t1et8s7tm0"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" coords="72,83,181,104" title="Alexander III of Scotland" alt="Alexander III of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" coords="72,213,175,234" title="Alexander II of Scotland" alt="Alexander II of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_I_of_Scotland" coords="72,365,158,386" title="William I of Scotland" alt="William I of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV_of_Scotland" coords="72,475,164,496" title="Malcolm IV of Scotland" alt="Malcolm IV of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" coords="72,549,147,570" title="David I of Scotland" alt="David I of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" coords="72,632,169,653" title="Alexander I of Scotland" alt="Alexander I of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" coords="72,681,136,702" title="Edgar of Scotland" alt="Edgar of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duncan_II_of_Scotland" coords="147,710,233,731" title="Duncan II of Scotland" alt="Duncan II of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Donald_III_of_Scotland" coords="72,702,164,722" title="Donald III of Scotland" alt="Donald III of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" coords="72,777,214,798" title="Malcolm III of Scotland" alt="Malcolm III of Scotland" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" coords="72,916,153,937" title="Duncan I of Scotland" alt="Duncan I of Scotland" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_dtfuhrlvurwdqbork9m10t1et8s7tm0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/dtfuhrlvurwdqbork9m10t1et8s7tm0.png" /></div> </div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Donnchad_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Donnchad I of Scotland">Duncan I</a>, r. 1034-1040</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coluim_III_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Máel Coluim III of Scotland">Malcolm III</a>, r. 1058-1093</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_III_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Domnall III of Scotland">Donald III</a>, r. 1093-1094 and 1094-1097</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnchad_II_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Donnchad II of Scotland">Duncan II</a>, r. 1094</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of Scotland">Edgar</a>, r. 1097-1107</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander I</a>, r. 1107-1124</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I</a>, r. 1124-1153</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm IV of Scotland">Malcolm IV</a>, r. 1153-1165</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Scotland">William I</a>, r.1165-1214</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II</a>, r.1214-1249</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III</a>, r.1249-1286</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret</a>, r.1286</li></ol> <p>On Alexander III's death his granddaughter Margaret (Maid of Norway) was recognised as "right heir", as had been agreed in Alexander's lifetime, but she was never inaugurated as Queen of Scots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Dunkeld&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a>, settlement in Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish monarchs family tree">Scottish monarchs family tree</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Dunkeld&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windsor, Grace <i>Scottish Monarchs: The House of Dunkeld, 1093–1286, Including Donald III, Duncan II, Alexander I, II and III, David I and More</i>. 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, <i>The Highland Clans</i>. Part II. 1982. p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCairney2018" class="citation journal cs1">Cairney, Christopher (2018). "Other Dragons or Dragon Others? A Cultural View of the Loch Ness Monster". <i>Monsters of Film, Fiction and Fable</i>: 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781527510890" title="Special:BookSources/9781527510890"><bdi>9781527510890</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monsters+of+Film%2C+Fiction+and+Fable&rft.atitle=Other+Dragons+or+Dragon+Others%3F+A+Cultural+View+of+the+Loch+Ness+Monster&rft.pages=397&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781527510890&rft.aulast=Cairney&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Dunkeld" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"lundie". www.lundie.org. Retrieved 17 December 2018</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="List of kings of Dál Riata">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%93engus" title="House of Óengus">Óengus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Strathclyde" title="List of kings of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Mann and the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Alpin" title="House of Alpin">Alpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Northumbria" title="List of monarchs of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Galloway" title="Lord of Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Moray" title="House of Moray">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sverre" title="House of Sverre">Sverre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Balliol" title="House of Balliol">Balliol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Bruce" title="Clan Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Aberffraw" title="House of Aberffraw">Aberffraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Cunedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dinefwr" title="House of Dinefwr">Dinefwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gwynedd" title="House of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mathrafal" title="House of Mathrafal">Mathrafal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Irish_kings" title="Lists of Irish kings">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Érainn">Érainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Corcu Loígde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Gallchobhair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Gallchobhair">Ó Gallchobhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Domhnail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Domhnail">Ó Domhnail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_N%C3%A9ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Néill">Ó Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_M%C3%A1el_Sechlainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Máel Sechlainn">Ó Máel Sechlainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac Murchada">Mac Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Briain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Briain">Ó Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Lochlainn" title="Mac Lochlainn">Mac Lochlainn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93_Conchobhair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ó Conchobhair">Ó Conchobhair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADl_Conairi" title="Síl Conairi">Síl Conairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Fiatach" title="Dál Fiatach">Ulaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Dáirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osraige" title="Osraige">Osraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruthin" title="Cruthin">Cruthin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi" title="Dál nAraidi">Dál nAraidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Fiachrach" title="Uí Fiachrach">Uí Fiachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Bri%C3%BAin" title="Uí Briúin">Uí Briúin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADl_n%C3%81edo_Sl%C3%A1ine" title="Síl nÁedo Sláine">Síl nÁedo Sláine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Cholm%C3%A1in" title="Clann Cholmáin">Clann Cholmáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganachta" title="Eóganachta">Eóganachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Chaisil" title="Eóganacht Chaisil">Chaisil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Glendamnach" title="Eóganacht Glendamnach">Glendamnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganacht_Raithlind" title="Eóganacht Raithlind">Raithlind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_D%C3%BAnlainge" title="Uí Dúnlainge">Uí Dúnlainge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> (Norse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Ceinnselaig" title="Uí Ceinnselaig">Uí Ceinnselaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcassians" title="Dalcassians">Dalcassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_dynasty" title="O'Brien dynasty">Ó Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacCarthy_dynasty" title="MacCarthy dynasty">Mac Carthaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Conor_Don" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Conor Don">Ó Conchobhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Breifne" title="Kingdom of Breifne">Ó Ruairc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgh" title="House of Burgh">Burgh</a> (Norman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitzGerald_dynasty" title="FitzGerald dynasty">FitzGerald</a> (Norman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Donnell_dynasty" title="O'Donnell dynasty">Ó Domhnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_dynasty" title="O'Neill dynasty">Ó Néill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann 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