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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_boundary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_boundary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Northern boundary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_boundary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_landscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_landscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Urban landscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_landscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_landscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_landscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Natural landscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_landscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geographic_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Geographic features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_major_fault_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_major_fault_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>List of major fault zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_major_fault_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Earthquakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_earthquakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_earthquakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2.1</span> <span>List of earthquakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_earthquakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Presidental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_central_business_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_central_business_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Major central business districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_central_business_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theme_parks_and_Water_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theme_parks_and_Water_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Theme parks and Water parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theme_parks_and_Water_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vineyard-Winery_American_Viticultural_Area_(AVA)_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vineyard-Winery_American_Viticultural_Area_(AVA)_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Vineyard-Winery American Viticultural Area (AVA) districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vineyard-Winery_American_Viticultural_Area_(AVA)_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeways_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeways_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Freeways and highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeways_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Communication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Communication subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telephone_area_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telephone_area_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Telephone area codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telephone_area_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Parks and recreation areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern California</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suid-Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Suid-Kalifornië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suid-Kalifornië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كاليفورنيا الجنوبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليفورنيا الجنوبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سوترن کالیفورنیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوترن کالیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Южна Калифорния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Южна Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_de_Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Sud de Califòrnia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sud de Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_Kalifornie" title="Jižní Kalifornie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jižní Kalifornie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdkalifornien" title="Südkalifornien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Südkalifornien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_de_California" title="Sur de California – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sur de California" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_Kalifornio" title="Suda Kalifornio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suda Kalifornio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Kalifornia" title="Hegoaldeko Kalifornia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegoaldeko Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کالیفرنیا جنوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیفرنیا جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0urkalifornia" title="Suðurkalifornia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Suðurkalifornia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californie_du_Sud" title="Californie du Sud – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Californie du Sud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAdlik_Kalifornje" title="Súdlik Kalifornje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Súdlik Kalifornje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbaci%C3%B3n_do_sur_de_California" title="Conurbación do sur de California – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Conurbación do sur de California" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80_%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="남부 캘리포니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남부 캘리포니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Selatan" title="California Selatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="California Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_meridionale" title="California meridionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="California meridionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="דרום קליפורניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרום קליפורניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түштүк Калифорния – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түштүк Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Meridiana" title="California Meridiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="California Meridiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Selatan" title="California Selatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="California Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuid-Californi%C3%AB" title="Zuid-Californië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuid-Californië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="南カリフォルニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南カリフォルニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r-California" title="Sør-California – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sør-California" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੈਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Sul da Califórnia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sul da Califórnia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Южная Калифорния – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южная Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Southern California" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Kalifornija" title="Južna Kalifornija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Južna Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%86%DA%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باشووری کالیفۆڕنیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باشووری کالیفۆڕنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4-Kalifornia" title="Etelä-Kalifornia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etelä-Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="தெற்கு கலிபோர்னியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெற்கு கலிபோர்னியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เซาเทิร์นแคลิฟอร์เนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซาเทิร์นแคลิฟอร์เนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kaliforniya" title="Güney Kaliforniya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Південна Каліфорнія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південна Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جنوبی کیلیفورنیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوبی کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%E1%BB%81n_Nam_California" title="Miền Nam California – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miền Nam California" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="南加利福尼亞州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q844837#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Southern_California&params=34_00_N_117_00_W_region:US-CA_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">117°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.000°N 117.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.000; -117.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/76.88.55.135" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/76.88.55.135" data-mw-revid="1256433783"><bdi>76.88.55.135</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:76.88.55.135" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:76.88.55.135">talk</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">22:54, 9 November 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Significance">→<bdi dir="ltr">Significance</bdi></a>: </span> grammar consistency)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 22:54, 9 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/76.88.55.135" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/76.88.55.135" data-mw-revid="1256433783"><bdi>76.88.55.135</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:76.88.55.135" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:76.88.55.135">talk</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Significance">→<bdi dir="ltr">Significance</bdi></a>: </span> grammar consistency)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&diff=prev&oldid=1256433783" title="Southern California">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&direction=prev&oldid=1256433783" title="Southern California">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American geographic and cultural region</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"SoCal" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/SoCal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SoCal (disambiguation)">SoCal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in California, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Southern California</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_(262176665)_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg/142px-Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg/213px-Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg/284px-Hermosa_Beach_Pier_I_%28262176665%29_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="957" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/142px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/213px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/284px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LaJollaSkyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJollaSkyline.jpg/288px-LaJollaSkyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJollaSkyline.jpg/432px-LaJollaSkyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJollaSkyline.jpg/576px-LaJollaSkyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg/288px-Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg/432px-Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg/576px-Santamonicapierandbeachpanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="1769" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blacks_surfer_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg/142px-Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg/213px-Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-Blacks_surfer_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg/142px-Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg/213px-Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg/284px-Hollywood_Sign_PB050006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg/120px-Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg/180px-Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg/240px-Downtown_L.A._as_seen_from_Highland_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2451" data-file-height="1888" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg/164px-San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg/246px-San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg/328px-San_Diego_panoramic_skyline_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="577" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Images top to bottom, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Hermosa_Beach_Pier" title="Hermosa Beach Pier">Hermosa Beach Pier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Resort" title="Disneyland Resort">Disneyland Resort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Village_of_La_Jolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Village of La Jolla">Village of La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Pier" title="Santa Monica Pier">Santa Monica Pier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black%27s_Beach" title="Black's Beach">Surfer at Black's Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">San Diego Skyline</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Red: The ten counties of Southern California"><img alt="Red: The ten counties of Southern California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/275px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/413px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png/550px-Southern_California_counties_in_red_noshade.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="676" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Red: The ten counties of Southern California</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(10-county)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">56,505 sq mi (146,350 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">23,762,904</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.95 trillion (2022)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Southern California</b> (commonly shortened to <b>SoCal</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Geographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic">geographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_area" title="Cultural area">cultural</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">region</a> that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</a> (the second most populous <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a> (another large metropolitan area). The region generally contains ten of California's 58 counties: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a> counties. </p><p>Although geographically smaller than <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> in land area, Southern California has a higher population, with 23.76 million residents as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>. The sparsely populated <a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_California" title="Deserts of California">desert region</a> of California occupies a significant portion (part of which has even been <a href="/wiki/High_Desert_County,_California" title="High Desert County, California">proposed to be split into a new county</a> due to cultural, economic and geographic differences relative to the rest of the more urban region) of the area: the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>, is located on Southern California's eastern border with <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> shares a border with <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> to the northeast. Southern California's southern border with <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constituent_metropolitan_areas">Constituent metropolitan areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constituent metropolitan areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern California encompasses eight metropolitan areas (MSAs), three of which together form the Greater Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/List_of_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Combined Statistical Areas">Combined Statistical Area</a> (CSA) with over 18 million people, the second-biggest CSA after <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">the New York CSA</a>. These three MSAs are the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a> counties, with 13.3 million people), the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a> counties, including the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a> cities, with 4.3 million people), and the <a href="/wiki/Oxnard%E2%80%93Thousand_Oaks%E2%80%93Ventura_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area">Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area</a> (0.8 million people). In addition, Southern California contains the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego metropolitan area</a> with 3.3 million people, <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Bakersfield</a> metro area with 0.9 million, and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Obispo County">San Luis Obispo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">El Centro (Imperial County)</a> metropolitan areas. </p><p>The <b>Southern California</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Megaregion</a></b> (or <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">megalopolis</a>) is larger still, extending northeast into <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and south across the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> border into <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdmarina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/180px-Sdmarina.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/270px-Sdmarina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/360px-Sdmarina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marina,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina, San Diego, California">San Diego Marina district</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venice,_California_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg/200px-Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg/300px-Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg/400px-Venice%2C_California_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Sunset in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, California">Venice</a>, a neighborhood in Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <p>Within Southern California are two major cities, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, as well as three of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_metropolitan_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States metropolitan areas">country's largest metropolitan areas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of approximately 4 million, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of approximately 1.4 million is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/220px-Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/330px-Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg/440px-Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Three_Arch_Bay" title="Three Arch Bay">Three Arch Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Beach">Laguna Beach</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The counties of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a> are the five most populous in the state, and are among the top 15 most populous counties in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">motion picture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">music industry</a> are centered in the Los Angeles area in Southern California. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, a district of Los Angeles, gives its name to the American motion picture industry, which is synonymous with the neighborhood name. Headquartered in Southern California are <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> (which owns <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros</a>. Universal, Warner Bros., and Sony also run major record companies. </p><p>Southern California is also home to a large surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as <a href="/wiki/Vans" title="Vans">Vans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcom" title="Volcom">Volcom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiksilver" title="Quiksilver">Quiksilver</a>, <a href="/wiki/No_Fear" title="No Fear">No Fear</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%BCssy" title="Stüssy">Stüssy</a>, <a href="/wiki/RVCA" title="RVCA">RVCA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Body_Glove" title="Body Glove">Body Glove</a> are all headquartered there. Skateboarder <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk" title="Tony Hawk">Tony Hawk</a>; surfers <a href="/wiki/Rob_Machado" title="Rob Machado">Rob Machado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timmy_Curran" title="Timmy Curran">Timmy Curran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Martinez" title="Bobby Martinez">Bobby Martinez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_O%27Connell_(surfer)" title="Pat O'Connell (surfer)">Pat O'Connell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dane_Reynolds" title="Dane Reynolds">Dane Reynolds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(surfer)" title="Chris Ward (surfer)">Chris Ward</a> live in Southern California. Some of the most famous surf locations are in Southern California as well, including <a href="/wiki/Trestles_(surfing)" title="Trestles (surfing)">Trestles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rincon_(surfspot)" title="Rincon (surfspot)">Rincon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wedge_(surfing)" title="The Wedge (surfing)">The Wedge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a>. Some of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Action_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Action sports">action sports</a> events, including the <a href="/wiki/X_Games" title="X Games">X Games</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ASP_World_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="ASP World Tour">Boost Mobile Pro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_of_Surfing" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open of Surfing">U.S. Open of Surfing</a>, are held in Southern California. The region is also important to the world of <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a> with premier events including the annual <a href="/wiki/Transpacific_Yacht_Race" title="Transpacific Yacht Race">Transpacific Yacht Race</a>, or <i>Transpac</i>, from Los Angeles to Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Yacht_Club" title="San Diego Yacht Club">San Diego Yacht Club</a> hosted the three <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> races from 1988 to 1995. The first modern-era <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a> was held in San Diego's <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Bay, San Diego, California">Mission Bay</a> in 1974. Since then, Southern California, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a> in particular, have become a mecca for <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a> and multi-sport racing, products, and culture. </p><p>Southern California has multiple sports franchises and networks, such as <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Net" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Sports Net">Fox Sports Net</a>. </p><p>Many of these locals and tourists frequent the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">Southern California coast</a> for its beaches. Some of Southern California's most popular beaches are <a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Beach">Laguna Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_California" title="Manhattan Beach, California">Manhattan Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hermosa_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermosa Beach">Hermosa Beach</a>. Southern California is also known for its mountain resort communities, such as <a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_Lake,_California" title="Big Bear Lake, California">Big Bear Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Arrowhead,_California" title="Lake Arrowhead, California">Lake Arrowhead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wrightwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrightwood">Wrightwood</a>, and their ski resorts, like <a href="/wiki/Bear_Mountain_(ski_area)" title="Bear Mountain (ski area)">Bear Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_Summit" title="Snow Summit">Snow Summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_Valley_Mountain_Resort" title="Snow Valley Mountain Resort">Snow Valley Mountain Resort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_High" title="Mountain High">Mountain High</a>. The inland desert city of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Springs">Palm Springs</a> is also popular.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_boundary">Northern boundary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Northern boundary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_California.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Southern_California.png/300px-Southern_California.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Southern_California.png/450px-Southern_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Southern_California.png/600px-Southern_California.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>California counties below the 36th <a href="/wiki/Standard_parallel" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard parallel">standard parallel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Southern California is generally considered the area of California south of the latitude 35°45',<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately one-third of the state, formed by the northern boundaries of <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a> counties, which are not exactly a straight line. Another definition for Southern California uses <a href="/wiki/Point_Conception" title="Point Conception">Point Conception</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Mountains" title="Tehachapi Mountains">Tehachapi Mountains</a> as the northern geographical barriers, especially when defining California's <a href="/wiki/Bioregion" title="Bioregion">bioregions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this definition, <a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a> are part of the Southern California desert system.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the barrier formed by the Tehachapi and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> ranges, cartographer <a href="/wiki/George_Wheeler_(explorer)" title="George Wheeler (explorer)">George Wheeler</a> observed in 1876 that Northern California was better connected to Oregon and Nevada than it was to Southern California.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_tehachapi_mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_tehachapi_mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="315" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Topography of the border region</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the acquisition of the territory of California by the United States, several pro-slavery politicians attempted to arrange the division of Alta California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Compromise line">line of the Missouri Compromise</a>. Instead, the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a> enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_and_free_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave and free states">free state</a>, preventing the southern half of California from becoming its own separate <a href="/wiki/Slave_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave state">slave state</a>. </p><p>Subsequently, Californians (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery Southerners in the lightly populated "cow counties" of Southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status <a href="/wiki/Partition_and_secession_in_California" title="Partition and secession in California">separate from Northern California</a>. The last attempt, the Pico Act of 1859, was passed by the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> and signed by State Governor <a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">John B. Weller</a>. It was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 75 percent of voters to form the proposed <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Colorado_(California)" title="Territory of Colorado (California)">Territory of Colorado</a>. This territory was to include a portion of the much larger <a href="/wiki/Tulare_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulare County">Tulare County</a> and all of <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Obispo County">San Luis Obispo County</a>. The proposal was sent to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, with a strong advocate in Senator <a href="/wiki/Milton_Latham" title="Milton Latham">Milton Latham</a>. However, the secession crisis following the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1860" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1860">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1860 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> led to the proposal never coming to a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900, the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> defined Southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura, and Santa Barbara." This definition left out San Luis Obispo and Kern counties.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Southern California was the name of a <a href="/wiki/Cal_3" title="Cal 3">proposed new state</a> which failed to get on the 2018 California ballot. The ballot measure proposed splitting the existing state into three parts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the state government led by Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> divided the state into five regions for the purpose of issuing stay-at-home orders. The Southern California region consisted of the following counties: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a>. However, Kern County was grouped with other counties of the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a>, California's central agricultural valley.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population, land area & population density (2020) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>County<br /><small><a href="#References">Ref.</a></small> </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Land<br />mi<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Land<br />km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Pop.<br />/mi<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Pop.<br />/km<sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007100140090000000♠">10,014,009</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010105134869365247">4,059.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010105134869365247">10,513.49</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996952490858994701">2,466.94 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996952490858994701">952.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006329863400000000♠">3,298,634</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010109044456417799">4,210.23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010109044456417799">10,904.45</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996302503319174835">783.48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996302503319174835">302.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006318698900000000♠">3,186,989</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009205344617339879">792.84 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009205344617339879">2,053.45</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6997155201870771465">4,019.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6997155201870771465">1,552.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside County">Riverside County</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006241818500000000♠">2,418,185</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010186719235842020">7,209.27 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010186719235842020">18,671.92</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996129510247039892">335.43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996129510247039892">129.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino County">San Bernardino County</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006218165400000000♠">2,181,654</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010519759072981039">20,068.01 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010519759072981039">51,975.91</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995419731656551492">108.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995419731656551492">41.97 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kern_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Kern County">Kern County</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005909235000000000♠">909,235</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010210686467817447">8,134.65 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010210686467817447">21,068.65</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995431546382602891">111.77 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995431546382602891">43.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura County">Ventura County</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005843843000000000♠">843,843</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009476762421362540">1,840.79 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009476762421362540">4,767.62</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996176993090497442">458.41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996176993090497442">176.99 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Barbara County">Santa Barbara County</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005448229000000000♠">448,229</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009708087209437200">2,733.94 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009708087209437200">7,080.87</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995633014488930339">163.95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995633014488930339">63.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Obispo County">San Luis Obispo County</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005282424000000000♠">282,424</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009854916225400258">3,300.85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7009854916225400258">8,549.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995330349006848916">85.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995330349006848916">33.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial County">Imperial County</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005179702000000000♠">179,702</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010108145989542323">4,175.54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010108145989542323">10,814.60</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995166178369036668">43.04 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995166178369036668">16.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Southern California</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007237629040000000♠">23,762,904</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011146400113931986">56,525.40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011146400113931986">146,400.11</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996162313486429658">420.39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6996162313486429658">162.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">California</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007395382230000000♠">39,538,223</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011403932836295849">155,959.34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011403932836295849">403,932.84</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995978846192336808">253.52 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="6995978846192336808">97.88 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_landscape">Urban landscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urban landscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Southern_California" title="Special:EditPage/Southern California">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Southern+California%22">"Southern California"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Southern+California%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Southern+California%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Southern+California%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Southern+California%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Southern+California%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png/220px-Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png/330px-Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png/440px-Distribution_of_high_income_households_across_LA_County.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of households with incomes above $150,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> across LA County census tracts</figcaption></figure> <p>Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_urbanized_areas_in_California_(by_population)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urbanized areas in California (by population)">urban areas</a> in the state, along with the <a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_California" title="Deserts of California">Deserts of California</a> (part of which was even <a href="/wiki/High_Desert_County,_California" title="High Desert County, California">proposed to become a new county</a> due to cultural, economic and geographic differences relative to the rest of the more urban region)<sup id="cite_ref-proposal1998_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposal1998-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goforit_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goforit-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">megalopolis</a> in the United States, after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>. Much of Southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a>–<a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a>, each of which are the centers of their respective metropolitan areas, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a> metropolitan region, created by the urban area spilling over into <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. </p><p>The main barrier to urbanization along the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_California" title="Interstate 5 in California">Interstate 5</a> corridor is <a href="/wiki/Camp_Pendleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Pendleton">Camp Pendleton</a>. The cities and communities along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_California" title="Interstate 15 in California">Interstate 15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_215_(California)" title="Interstate 215 (California)">Interstate 215</a> are so interrelated that <a href="/wiki/Temecula" class="mw-redirect" title="Temecula">Temecula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murrieta" class="mw-redirect" title="Murrieta">Murrieta</a> have as much connection with the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego metropolitan area</a> as they do with the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a>. To the east, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, <a href="/wiki/Riverside-San_Bernardino_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside-San Bernardino area">Riverside-San Bernardino area</a> as a separate <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> from Los Angeles County. Newly developed <a href="/wiki/Exurbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Exurbs">exurbs</a> formed in the <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a>, north of Los Angeles, the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>. Also, population growth was high in the <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield-Kern County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_California" title="Santa Maria, California">Santa Maria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Obispo">San Luis Obispo</a> areas. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_downtown_sunset_cityscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The skyline of Downtown Los Angeles as seen at sunset in October 2006. Standing 1,018 ft (310 m) high, with 73 floors, the U.S. Bank Tower was the West Coast's tallest building when it was built in 1989, until the neighboring Wilshire Grand Center surpassed it in 2017."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Los_Angeles_downtown_sunset_cityscape.jpg/1000px-Los_Angeles_downtown_sunset_cityscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Los_Angeles_downtown_sunset_cityscape.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_downtown_sunset_cityscape.jpg" title="File:Los Angeles downtown sunset cityscape.jpg"> </a></div>The skyline of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a> as seen at sunset in October 2006. Standing 1,018 ft (310 m) high, with 73 floors, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bank_Tower_(Los_Angeles)" title="U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)">U.S. Bank Tower</a> was the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>'s tallest building when it was built in 1989, until the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Grand_Center" title="Wilshire Grand Center">Wilshire Grand Center</a> surpassed it in 2017.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png/220px-Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png/330px-Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png/440px-Southern_California_K%C3%B6ppen.png 2x" data-file-width="7800" data-file-height="6662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Southern California</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Southern California has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a>-like climate, with warm and dry summers, mild and wet winters, where cool weather and freezing temperatures are rare. Southern California contains other types of climates, including <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">desert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain climate">mountain</a>, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot or warm, and dry, while winters are mild, and rainfall is low to moderate depending on the area. Rain is infrequent, but is often heavy when it does occur, making <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash floods</a> an aspect of living in Southern California. This climatic pattern was alluded to in the hit song "<a href="/wiki/It_Never_Rains_(In_Southern_California)" title="It Never Rains (In Southern California)">It Never Rains (In Southern California)</a>". While snow is very rare in lower elevations, mountains above 5,000 feet (1,500 m) receive plentiful snowfall in the winter. </p><p>Since the first decade of the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">wildfires</a> have increased in frequency as a result of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_landscape">Natural landscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Natural landscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proctorvalleylake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Proctorvalleylake.jpg/220px-Proctorvalleylake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Proctorvalleylake.jpg/330px-Proctorvalleylake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Proctorvalleylake.jpg/440px-Proctorvalleylake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Proctor_Valley" title="Proctor Valley">Proctor Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Chula Vista">Chula Vista</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Gabriel_Mountains_(2972839468).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg/220px-San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg/330px-San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg/440px-San_Gabriel_Mountains_%282972839468%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Autumn of 2008 in Southern California</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Southern_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Southern California">Geography of Southern California</a></div> <p>Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes in a diversity outnumbering other major regions in the state and country. The region spans from Pacific Ocean <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Islands of California">islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoreline" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoreline">shorelines</a>, beaches, and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">coastal plains</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a> with their peaks, and into the large and small interior valleys, to the vast <a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_California" title="Deserts of California">deserts of California</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Introductory categories include:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beaches_of_Southern_California" title="Category:Beaches of Southern California">Category: Beaches of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Southern_California" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Southern California">Category: Mountain ranges of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Southern_California" title="Category:Rivers of Southern California">Category: Rivers of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_California" title="Category:Deserts of California">Category: Deserts of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Southern_California" title="Category:Parks in Southern California">Category: Parks in Southern California</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographic_features">Geographic features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geographic features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaJolla_California.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJolla_California.JPG/220px-LaJolla_California.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJolla_California.JPG/330px-LaJolla_California.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LaJolla_California.JPG/440px-LaJolla_California.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption> View from <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Cove" title="La Jolla Cove">La Jolla Cove</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg/220px-Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg/330px-Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg/440px-Telegraph_Cucamonga_and_Ontario_Peaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Peaks in the eastern <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angeles_National_Forest" title="Angeles National Forest">Angeles National Forest</a>, San Bernardino County</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg/220px-Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg/330px-Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg/440px-Yucca_Valley_California_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucca Valley">Yucca Valley</a> with Visitor Center in Background in June 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sunset_pier.jpg/220px-Sunset_pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sunset_pier.jpg/330px-Sunset_pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sunset_pier.jpg/440px-Sunset_pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Ocean Beach, San Diego">Ocean Beach</a> Sunset in San Diego</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algodones_Dunes" title="Algodones Dunes">Algodones Dunes</a> (Imperial County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angeles_National_Forest" title="Angeles National Forest">Angeles National Forest</a> (Los Angeles, San Bernardino, & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hills,_California" title="Antelope Hills, California">Antelope Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a> (Los Angeles & Kern Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)">Arroyo Seco</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_Hills" title="Bacon Hills">Bacon Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Hills_(mountain_range)" title="Baldwin Hills (mountain range)">Baldwin Hills</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballona_Wetlands" title="Ballona Wetlands">Ballona Wetlands</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_Lake" title="Big Bear Lake">Big Bear Lake</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissell_Hills" title="Bissell Hills">Bissell Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_(Kern_County)" title="Black Hills (Kern County)">Black Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Chica_Ecological_Reserve" title="Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve">Bolsa Chica Estuary</a> (Orange County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Hills_(Kern_County)" title="Buena Vista Hills (Kern County)">Buena Vista Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Lake" title="Buena Vista Lake">Buena Vista Lake</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajon_Pass" title="Cajon Pass">Cajon Pass</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_Mountains_(California)" title="Calico Mountains (California)">Calico Mountains</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Islands of California">Channel Islands</a> (Santa Barbara, Ventura & Los Angeles Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castaic_Lake" title="Castaic Lake">Castaic Lake</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Hills" title="Chino Hills">Chino Hills</a> (Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a> (San Bernardino, Riverside, Imperial, & San Diego Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> (San Bernardino, Riverside & Imperial Counties, Baja California & Sonora)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a> (Los Angeles & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a> (San Bernardino & Riverside Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Mountains" title="Cuyamaca Mountains">Cuyamaca Mountains</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a> (San Bernardino & Inyo Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Valley_Lake" title="Diamond Valley Lake">Diamond Valley Lake</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Hills" title="Elk Hills">Elk Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Hills" title="Elkhorn Hills">Elkhorn Hills</a> (San Luis Obispo County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mirage_Lake" title="El Mirage Lake">El Mirage Lake</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_Mountains" title="El Paso Mountains">El Paso Mountains</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaviota_Coast" title="Gaviota Coast">Gaviota Coast</a> (Santa Barbara County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhorn_Mountains" title="Greenhorn Mountains">Greenhorn Mountains</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Desert_(California)" title="High Desert (California)">High Desert</a> (Los Angeles, Kern, Inyo, & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Toad_Hills" title="Horned Toad Hills">Horned Toad Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a> (Imperial County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Hills_(California)" title="Irish Hills (California)">Irish Hills</a> (San Luis Obispo County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-Ko-Pah_Mountains" title="In-Ko-Pah Mountains">In-Ko-Pah Mountains</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(CA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (CA)">Inland Empire</a> (Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacumba_Mountains" title="Jacumba Mountains">Jacumba Mountains</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawbone_Canyon" title="Jawbone Canyon">Jawbone Canyon</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_River" title="Kern River">Kern River</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Cove" title="La Jolla Cove">La Jolla Cove</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Mountains" title="Laguna Mountains">Laguna Mountains</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arrowhead,_California" title="Lake Arrowhead, California">Lake Arrowhead</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Casitas" title="Lake Casitas">Lake Casitas</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Elsinore" title="Lake Elsinore">Lake Elsinore</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Isabella" title="Lake Isabella">Lake Isabella</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Perris" title="Lake Perris">Lake Perris</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Piru" title="Lake Piru">Lake Piru</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeview_Mountains" title="Lakeview Mountains">Lakeview Mountains</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Webb">Lake Webb</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="Little San Bernardino Mountains">Little San Bernardino Mountains</a> (Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Signal_Hills" title="Little Signal Hills">Little Signal Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a> (Los Angeles & Orange Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_River" title="Los Angeles River">Los Angeles River</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Padres_National_Forest" title="Los Padres National Forest">Los Padres National Forest</a> (Kern, Los Angeles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Hills" title="Lost Hills">Lost Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Desert" title="Low Desert">Low Desert</a> (Imperial, San Diego, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> (Los Angeles, Kern, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_River" title="Mojave River">Mojave River</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_San_Antonio" title="Mount San Antonio">Mount San Antonio</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="New River (Mexico–United States)">New River</a> (Imperial County, Mexicali Municipality)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Sisters" title="Nine Sisters">Nine Sisters</a> (San Luis Obispo County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojai_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojai Valley">Ojai Valley</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a> (Orange County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_Mountain" title="Palomar Mountain">Palomar Mountain</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Valley" title="Palo Verde Valley">Palo Verde Valley</a> (Riverside & Imperial Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Verdes_Hills" title="Palos Verdes Hills">Palos Verdes Peninsula</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamint_Range" title="Panamint Range">Panamint Range</a> (Inyo County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a> (San Diego, Riverside, & Orange Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleito_Hills" title="Pleito Hills">Pleito Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Loma" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Loma">Point Loma</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu" title="Point Mugu">Point Mugu</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_Rocks_(Kern_County,_California)" title="Point of Rocks (Kern County, California)">Point of Rocks</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a> (Los Angeles & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Mountains" title="Providence Mountains">Providence Mountains</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puente_Hills" title="Puente Hills">Puente Hills</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Lake_(Los_Angeles_County,_California)" title="Pyramid Lake (Los Angeles County, California)">Pyramid Lake</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Mountains" title="Rand Mountains">Rand Mountains</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Hondo_(California)" title="Rio Hondo (California)">Rio Hondo</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamond_Hills" title="Rosamond Hills">Rosamond Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a> (Orange County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a> (Imperial & Riverside Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> (All Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="San Bernardino Mountains">San Bernardino Mountains</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_National_Forest" title="San Bernardino National Forest">San Bernardino National Forest</a> (Riverside & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">San Bernardino Valley</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_River" title="San Diego River">San Diego River</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emigdio_Mountains" title="San Emigdio Mountains">San Emigdio Mountains</a> (Los Angeles, Ventura, & Kern Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a> (Los Angeles & San Bernardino Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_River_(California)" title="San Gabriel River (California)">San Gabriel River</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_River_(California)" title="San Jacinto River (California)">San Jacinto River</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Rey_River" title="San Luis Rey River">San Luis Rey River</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Bay_(California)" title="San Pedro Bay (California)">San Pedro Bay</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Mountains" title="San Rafael Mountains">San Rafael Mountains</a> (Santa Barbara County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Mountains" title="Santa Ana Mountains">Santa Ana Mountains</a> (Orange & Riverside Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_River" title="Santa Ana River">Santa Ana River</a> (San Bernardino, Riverside & Orange Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Valley" title="Santa Ana Valley">Santa Ana Valley</a> (Orange County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catalina Island, California">Santa Catalina Island</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_(California)" title="Santa Clara River (California)">Santa Clara River</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margarita_River" title="Santa Margarita River">Santa Margarita River</a> (Riverside, Orange & San Diego Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Bay" title="Santa Monica Bay">Santa Monica Bay</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a> (Los Angeles & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Mountains_(California)" title="Santa Rosa Mountains (California)">Santa Rosa Mountains</a> (Riverside, Imperial & San Diego Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Mountains" title="Santa Susana Mountains">Santa Susana Mountains</a> (Los Angeles & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Mountains" title="Santa Ynez Mountains">Santa Ynez Mountains</a> (Santa Barbara & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a> (Santa Barbara County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scodie_Mountains" title="Scodie Mountains">Scodie Mountains</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Forest" title="Sequoia National Forest">Sequoia National Forest</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_Hills" title="Shale Hills">Shale Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Pelona_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Pelona Mountains">Sierra Pelona Mountains</a> (Los Angeles & Kern Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Hills" title="Simi Hills">Simi Hills</a> (Los Angeles & Ventura Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley_(valley)" title="Simi Valley (valley)">Simi Valley</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_River_(California)" title="Sweetwater River (California)">Sweetwater River</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Mountains" title="Tehachapi Mountains">Tehachapi Mountains</a> (Kern & Los Angeles Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejon_Hills" title="Tejon Hills">Tejon Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temescal_Mountains" title="Temescal Mountains">Temescal Mountains</a> (Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Hills" title="Telephone Hills">Telephone Hills</a> (Kern County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temblor_Range" title="Temblor Range">Temblor Range</a> (Kern & San Luis Obispo Counties)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River" title="Tijuana River">Tijuana River</a> (San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topatopa_Mountains" title="Topatopa Mountains">Topatopa Mountains</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountains_(California)" title="Turtle Mountains (California)">Turtle Mountains</a> (San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_River" title="Ventura River">Ventura River</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdugo_Mountains" title="Verdugo Mountains">Verdugo Mountains</a> (Los Angeles County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a> (San Bernardino County)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_major_fault_zones">List of major fault zones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of major fault zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: Plate boundary faults are indicated with a (#) symbol. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brawley_Seismic_Zone" title="Brawley Seismic Zone">Brawley Seismic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Fault" title="Chino Fault">Chino Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Fault_Zone" title="Elsinore Fault Zone">Elsinore Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysian_Park_Fault" title="Elysian Park Fault">Elysian Park Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlock_Fault" title="Garlock Fault">Garlock Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosgri_Fault" title="Hosgri Fault">Hosgri Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fault_Zone" title="Imperial Fault Zone">Imperial Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Salada_Fault" title="Laguna Salada Fault">Laguna Salada Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport%E2%80%93Inglewood_Fault" title="Newport–Inglewood Fault">Newport–Inglewood Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puente_Hills_Fault" title="Puente Hills Fault">Puente Hills Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Fault" title="Raymond Fault">Raymond Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Canyon_Fault" title="Rose Canyon Fault">Rose Canyon Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Trough" title="Salton Trough">Salton Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinian_Block" title="Salinian Block">Salinian Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cayetano_Fault" title="San Cayetano Fault">San Cayetano Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_Fault_Zone" title="San Felipe Fault Zone">San Felipe Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Fault" title="San Gabriel Fault">San Gabriel Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Fault_Zone" title="San Jacinto Fault Zone">San Jacinto Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_River_Fault" title="Santa Maria River Fault">Santa Maria River Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Fault" title="Santa Ynez Fault">Santa Ynez Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreline_Fault" title="Shoreline Fault">Shoreline Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_Fault" title="Ventura Fault">Ventura Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Wolf_Fault" title="White Wolf Fault">White Wolf Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittier_Fault" title="Whittier Fault">Whittier Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorba_Linda_Fault" title="Yorba Linda Fault">Yorba Linda Fault</a></li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg/220px-Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg/330px-Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg/440px-Shake_Map_Northridge_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>Northridge earthquake shake map</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earthquakes">Earthquakes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Earthquakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year, Southern California has about 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are too small to be felt. Only several hundred have been greater than <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">magnitude</a> (M<sub>w</sub> ) 3.0, and only about 15–20 have been greater than M<sub>w</sub>  4.0.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California as a whole enacted the <a href="/wiki/Alquist_Priolo_Special_Studies_Zone_Act" title="Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act">Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/1971_San_Fernando_earthquake" title="1971 San Fernando earthquake">1971 San Fernando earthquake</a>. The act prohibits new construction of residential buildings closer than 50 feet (15 m) from a surface rupturing active fault zone. In addition, the act improved safety by requiring new structures (both residential and commercial) to be seismically retrofitted. It also required existing infrastructure to comply. </p><p>Since 1972, numerous large magnitude earthquakes have struck Southern California with little widespread damage in part due to act. However, exceptions can be noted for epicenters that lie directly on top of densely populated regions such as the M<sub>w</sub>  6.7 <a href="/wiki/1994_Northridge_Earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 Northridge Earthquake">1994 Northridge Earthquake</a> and, to a lesser extent, the smaller M<sub>w</sub>  5.5 <a href="/wiki/2008_Chino_Hills_earthquake" title="2008 Chino Hills earthquake">2008 Chino Hills earthquake</a>. The Northridge earthquake occurred on a blind-thrust fault directly underneath the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>, which until the earthquake was previously undiscovered. <a href="/wiki/Seismic_retrofit" title="Seismic retrofit">Seismic retrofitting</a> of existing and new construction is aimed to prevent damage and save lives in the aftermath of a major quake, but it cannot guarantee that buildings will be unscathed if the epicenter is relatively close by. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1994_Northridge_earthquake" title="1994 Northridge earthquake">1994 Northridge earthquake</a> was particularly destructive, causing a substantial number of deaths, injuries, and structural collapses. The quake caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history at an estimated $20 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Southern California <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> are able to produce a M<sub>w</sub>  6.7 earthquake or greater, such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>, which can produce M<sub>w</sub>  8.0 or greater. The largest known earthquake in California was the <a href="/wiki/1857_Fort_Tejon_earthquake" title="1857 Fort Tejon earthquake">1857 Fort Tejon earthquake</a> that ruptured 200+ miles (320+ kilometers) of the San Andreas Fault from <a href="/wiki/Parkfield,_California" title="Parkfield, California">Parkfield</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wrightwood,_California" title="Wrightwood, California">Wrightwood</a>. With a recurrence interval of roughly 150 years, this part of the San Andreas fault is well within its window to produce another large earthquake. Along with the southern section of the San Andreas (in the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a> region, which has not ruptured in ~400 years), the entire Southern California portion of the San Andreas Fault is ready to produce a powerful earthquake in the near future. </p><p>Notable faults capable of large magnitude events include the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Fault_Zone" title="San Jacinto Fault Zone">San Jacinto Fault</a> (a splay of the San Andreas that runs directly under the I-10 & I-215 interchange), the <a href="/wiki/Newport%E2%80%93Inglewood_Fault" title="Newport–Inglewood Fault">Newport–Inglewood-Rose Canyon Fault</a> (located adjacent to <a href="/wiki/SoFi_Stadium" title="SoFi Stadium">SoFi Stadium</a> and responsible for <a href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_California" title="Signal Hill, California">Signal Hill</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Fault_Zone" title="Elsinore Fault Zone">Elsinore Fault</a> (created <a href="/wiki/Lake_Elsinore" title="Lake Elsinore">Lake Elsinore</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Garlock_Fault" title="Garlock Fault">Garlock Fault</a> (which marks boundary between of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_fault" title="Hollywood fault">Hollywood fault</a> (which is within feet of <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> and is roughly parallel to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS) has released a California earthquake forecast,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which models earthquake occurrence in California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="List_of_earthquakes">List of earthquakes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of earthquakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a partial list of earthquakes in Southern California. For a full list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">List of earthquakes in California</a>. </p><p>Note: Earthquakes with epicenters in the Los Angeles Metro Area are marked with the (#) symbol. Other earthquakes mentioned indicates shaking was felt in the region. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812_San_Juan_Capistrano_earthquake" title="1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake">1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_Ventura_earthquake" title="1812 Ventura earthquake">1812 Ventura earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_Fort_Tejon_earthquake" title="1857 Fort Tejon earthquake">1857 Fort Tejon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Laguna_Salada_earthquake" title="1892 Laguna Salada earthquake">1892 Laguna Salada earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_San_Jacinto_earthquake" title="1899 San Jacinto earthquake">1899 San Jacinto earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_San_Jacinto_earthquake" title="1918 San Jacinto earthquake">1918 San Jacinto earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Long_Beach_earthquake" title="1933 Long Beach earthquake">1933 Long Beach earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_El_Centro_earthquake" title="1940 El Centro earthquake">1940 El Centro earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Desert_Hot_Springs_earthquake" title="1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake">1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_San_Fernando_earthquake" title="1971 San Fernando earthquake">1971 San Fernando earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Imperial_Valley_earthquake" title="1979 Imperial Valley earthquake">1979 Imperial Valley earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Borrego_Mountain_earthquake" title="1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake">1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_North_Palm_Springs_earthquake" title="1986 North Palm Springs earthquake">1986 North Palm Springs earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Superstition_Hills_earthquakes" title="1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes">1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Whittier_Narrows_earthquake" title="1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake">1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sierra_Madre_earthquake" title="1991 Sierra Madre earthquake">1991 Sierra Madre earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Big_Bear_earthquake" title="1992 Big Bear earthquake">1992 Big Bear earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Landers_earthquake" title="1992 Landers earthquake">1992 Landers earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Northridge_earthquake" title="1994 Northridge earthquake">1994 Northridge earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Chino_Hills_earthquake" title="2008 Chino Hills earthquake">2008 Chino Hills earthquake</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baja_California_earthquake" title="2010 Baja California earthquake">2010 Baja California earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ridgecrest_earthquakes" title="2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes">2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles#Demographics" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles § Demographics</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>6,492</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>33,280</td><td></td><td>412.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>44,158</td><td></td><td>32.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>91,916</td><td></td><td>108.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>251,770</td><td></td><td>173.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>337,328</td><td></td><td>34.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>808,408</td><td></td><td>139.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>1,423,786</td><td></td><td>76.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>3,044,978</td><td></td><td>113.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>3,840,733</td><td></td><td>26.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>5,931,975</td><td></td><td>54.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>9,398,722</td><td></td><td>58.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>12,103,559</td><td></td><td>28.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>14,308,742</td><td></td><td>18.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>18,269,095</td><td></td><td>27.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>20,637,512</td><td></td><td>13.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>22,680,010</td><td></td><td>9.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>23,762,904</td><td></td><td>4.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Chart does not include Indigenous population figures.<br />Studies indicate that the Native American<br />population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000<br />before declining to 15,000 by 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png/495px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png/660px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Southern_California.png 2x" data-file-width="5692" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Southern California</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg/250px-Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg/375px-Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg/500px-Downtown_San_Bernardino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Bernardino" title="Downtown San Bernardino">Downtown San Bernardino</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a>, Southern California has a population of 23,762,904. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, Southern California's population has grown slower than the state average since the 2000s. This is due to California's growth becoming concentrated in the northern part of the state as result of a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">Bay Area</a> and an emerging <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Sacramento">Greater Sacramento</a> region. </p><p>Southern California consists of one <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">Metropolitan Statistical Areas</a>, one international <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a> at 17,786,419, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a> at 5,105,768.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these metropolitan areas, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles-Long_Beach-Santa_Ana_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside-San_Bernardino-Ontario_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area">Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxnard-Thousand_Oaks-Ventura_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area">Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area</a> form Greater Los Angeles;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/El_Centro_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="El Centro metropolitan area">El Centro metropolitan area</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego-Carlsbad-San_Marcos_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area">San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area</a> form the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Border_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Border Region (page does not exist)">Southern Border Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North of Greater Los Angeles are the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Bakersfield</a> metropolitan areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_California_by_population" title="List of largest cities in California by population">List of largest cities in California by population</a></div> <p>Los Angeles (with a population of approximately 3.9 million people) and San Diego (at nearly 1.4 million people) are the two largest cities in all of California, and are among the top eight largest cities in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Southern California, there are also 14 cities with more than 200,000 residents and 48 cities over 100,000 residents. Many of Southern California's most developed cities lie along or in close proximity to the coast, with the exception of San Bernardino and Riverside. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counties">Counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greetings_from_Southern_California_(NBY_437614).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg/220px-Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg/330px-Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg/440px-Greetings_from_Southern_California_%28NBY_437614%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Curt Teich map postcard depicting SoCal attractions</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidental">Presidental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Presidental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern California has drifted left since 2004, and is solidly Democrat. Kern County remains the sole county to vote for the GOP, with Orange County having been Democrat since 2012. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for Southern California </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2020 United States presidential election in California">2020</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">3,717,774 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.86% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">6,428,890 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>62.00%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">221,737 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2016 United States presidential election in California">2016</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,745,578 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33.34% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">5,021,740 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>60.99%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">466,704 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2012 United States presidential election in California">2012</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,993,945 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.46% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">4,417,780 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.23%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">175,111 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2008 United States presidential election in California">2008</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">3,072,280 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.38% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">4,583,880 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>58.75%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">145,650 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2004 United States presidential election in California">2004</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,795,363 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.16% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">3,065,072 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>51.71%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">66,762 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.13% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industries">Industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern California is one of the largest economies in the United States. It is dominated by, and heavily dependent upon, the abundance of petroleum, as opposed to other regions where automobiles are not nearly as dominant, due to the vast majority of transport that runs on this fuel. Southern California is famous for tourism and the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry">entertainment industry</a>. Other industries include software, automotive, aerospace, finance, biomedical, ports and regional logistics. The region was a leader in the housing bubble from 2001 to 2007, and has been heavily impacted by the housing crash. </p><p>Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum, and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_central_business_districts">Major central business districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Major central business districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg/220px-Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg/330px-Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg/440px-Taco_Bell_Headquarters_Irvine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a> Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Southern California is home to many major business districts. Central business districts (CBD) include <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Riverside" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Riverside">Downtown Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Bernardino" title="Downtown San Bernardino">Downtown San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_Metro" title="South Coast Metro">South Coast Metro</a>. Within the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Downtown Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Downtown Burbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Downtown Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Downtown Glendale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Long_Beach" title="Downtown Long Beach">Downtown Long Beach</a>. Los Angeles proper has many business districts, such as <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown LA</a> and those lining <a href="/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard" title="Wilshire Boulevard">Wilshire Boulevard</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mid-Wilshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Wilshire">Mid-Wilshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mile,_Los_Angeles" title="Miracle Mile, Los Angeles">Miracle Mile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Beverly_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Beverly Hills">Downtown Beverly Hills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Los_Angeles" title="Westwood, Los Angeles">Westwood</a>; others include <a href="/wiki/Century_City,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Century City, Los Angeles">Century City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Center,_Los_Angeles" title="Warner Center, Los Angeles">Warner Center</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>. The area of Santa Monica and Venice (and perhaps some of Culver City) is informally referred to as "Silicon Beach" because of the concentration of financial and marketing technology-centric firms located in the region. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino-Riverside_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino-Riverside Area">San Bernardino-Riverside Area</a> maintains the business districts of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Bernardino" title="Downtown San Bernardino">Downtown San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_Lane_District,_San_Bernardino,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitality Lane District, San Bernardino, California">Hospitality Business/Financial Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_District,_San_Bernardino" title="University District, San Bernardino">University District</a> which are in the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside. </p><p>In Orange County, has highly developed suburban business centers (also known as <a href="/wiki/Edge_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge cities">edge cities</a>) including the <a href="/wiki/Anaheim%E2%80%93Santa_Ana_edge_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city">Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city</a> along I-5; and another, the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_Plaza%E2%80%93John_Wayne_Airport_edge_city" class="mw-redirect" title="South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city">South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city</a> that stretches from the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_Metro" title="South Coast Metro">South Coast Metro</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Business_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvine Business Complex">Irvine Business Complex</a>; <a href="/wiki/Newport_Center,_Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Center, Newport Beach, California">Newport Center</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Irvine_Spectrum" title="Irvine Spectrum">Irvine Spectrum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Santa_Ana" title="Downtown Santa Ana">Downtown Santa Ana</a> is an important government, arts and entertainment, and retail district. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown San Diego</a> is the CBD of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Carmel Valley, San Diego">Carmel Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_Heights,_San_Diego" title="Del Mar Heights, San Diego">Del Mar Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Valley">Mission Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Bernardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Bernardo">Rancho Bernardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorrento_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorrento Mesa">Sorrento Mesa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego" title="University City, San Diego">University City</a>. Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within <a href="/wiki/North_County" class="mw-redirect" title="North County">North County</a> regions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theme_parks_and_Water_parks">Theme parks and Water parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Theme parks and Water parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/220px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/330px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg/440px-Sleeping_Beauty_Castle_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <p><b>Los Angeles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Town_Water_Park" title="Dry Town Water Park">Dry Town Water Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Park" title="Pacific Park">Pacific Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raging_Waters_San_Dimas" class="mw-redirect" title="Raging Waters San Dimas">Raging Waters San Dimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Hurricane_Harbor" title="Six Flags Hurricane Harbor">Six Flags Hurricane Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Magic_Mountain" title="Six Flags Magic Mountain">Six Flags Magic Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a></li></ul> <p><b>Orange County</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_California_Adventure" title="Disney California Adventure">Disney California Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knott%27s_Soak_City" title="Knott's Soak City">Knott's Soak City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Rivers_(water_park)" title="Wild Rivers (water park)">Wild Rivers</a></li></ul> <p><b>Riverside & San Bernardino</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Park_(amusement_park)" title="Castle Park (amusement park)">Castle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet%27n%27Wild_Palm_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs">Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs</a></li></ul> <p><b>San Diego</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Place_San_Diego" title="Sesame Place San Diego">Sesame Place San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Belmont Park (San Diego)">Belmont Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legoland_California" title="Legoland California">Legoland California</a></li> <li>Legoland Waterpark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo_Safari_Park" title="San Diego Zoo Safari Park">San Diego Zoo Safari Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vineyard-Winery_American_Viticultural_Area_(AVA)_districts"><span id="Vineyard-Winery_American_Viticultural_Area_.28AVA.29_districts"></span>Vineyard-Winery American Viticultural Area (AVA) districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Vineyard-Winery American Viticultural Area (AVA) districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California wine</a> AVA-<a href="/wiki/American_Viticultural_Area" title="American Viticultural Area">American Viticultural Areas</a> in southern California:</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_AVA" title="South Coast AVA">South Coast AVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley_AVA" title="Cucamonga Valley AVA">Cucamonga Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibu-Newton_Canyon_AVA" title="Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA">Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramona_Valley_AVA" title="Ramona Valley AVA">Ramona Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Rock-Malibu_AVA" title="Saddle Rock-Malibu AVA">Saddle Rock-Malibu AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temecula_Valley_AVA" title="Temecula Valley AVA">Temecula Valley AVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Valley_AVA" title="Leona Valley AVA">Leona Valley AVA</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_AVA" title="Central Coast AVA">Central Coast AVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_Coast_AVA" title="San Luis Obispo Coast AVA">San Luis Obispo Coast AVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Grande_Valley_AVA" title="Arroyo Grande Valley AVA">Arroyo Grande Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Valley_AVA" title="Edna Valley AVA">Edna Valley AVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Valley_AVA" title="San Pasqual Valley AVA">San Pasqual Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Valley_AVA" title="Santa Maria Valley AVA">Santa Maria Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley_AVA" title="Santa Ynez Valley AVA">Santa Ynez Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sta._Rita_Hills_AVA" title="Sta. Rita Hills AVA">Sta. Rita Hills AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Mountain_AVA" title="York Mountain AVA">York Mountain AVA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Southern_California" title="Special:EditPage/Southern California">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><i>See: <a href="/wiki/Category:Transportation_in_Southern_California" title="Category:Transportation in Southern California">Category: Transportation in Southern California</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Southern California is home to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">World's busiest airports by passenger traffic</a>) and the third-busiest by international passenger volume (see <a href="/wiki/Busiest_airports_in_the_United_States_by_international_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic">Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic</a>); <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a>, the busiest single-runway airport in the world; <a href="/wiki/Van_Nuys_Airport" title="Van Nuys Airport">Van Nuys Airport</a>, the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airport; major commercial airports at <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_International_Airport" title="San Bernardino International Airport">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">Orange County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meadows_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Meadows Field">Bakersfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/LA/Ontario_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="LA/Ontario International Airport">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Burbank_Airport" title="Hollywood Burbank Airport">Burbank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Airport" title="Long Beach Airport">Long Beach</a>; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports. </p><p>Six of the seven lines of the <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a>, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a>, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly. </p><p>Southern California is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Port of Los Angeles</a>, the country's busiest commercial port; the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Long_Beach" title="Port of Long Beach">Port of Long Beach</a>, the country's second busiest container port; and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows all airports listed by the Federal Aviation Association (FAA) as a hub airport:<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Airport</th> <th style="width:40px;">ID</th> <th width="100">City <br /> (Metro area)</th> <th width="80">Category</th> <th>Enplanements <br /> (2011) (mil) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a></td> <td>LAX</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>Large Hub</td> <td>30.5m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a></td> <td>SAN</td> <td>San Diego</td> <td>Large Hub</td> <td>8.5m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a></td> <td>SNA</td> <td>Orange County</td> <td>Medium Hub</td> <td>4.2m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario_International_Airport" title="Ontario International Airport">Ontario International Airport</a></td> <td>ONT</td> <td>San Bernardino, Riverside</td> <td>Medium hub</td> <td>2.3m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Burbank_Airport" title="Hollywood Burbank Airport">Hollywood Burbank Airport</a></td> <td>BUR</td> <td>Burbank (LA)</td> <td>Medium Hub</td> <td>2.1m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Airport" title="Long Beach Airport">Long Beach Airport</a></td> <td>LGB</td> <td>Long Beach (LA)</td> <td>Small Hub</td> <td>1.5m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_International_Airport" title="Palm Springs International Airport">Palm Springs International Airport</a></td> <td>PSP</td> <td>Palm Springs</td> <td>Small Hub</td> <td>0.8m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_Municipal_Airport" title="Santa Barbara Municipal Airport">Santa Barbara Municipal Airport</a></td> <td>SBA</td> <td>Santa Barbara</td> <td>Small Hub</td> <td>0.7m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County_Regional_Airport" title="San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport">San Luis Obispo Regional Airport</a></td> <td>SBP</td> <td>San Luis Obispo</td> <td>Small Hub</td> <td>0.5m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_International_Airport" title="San Bernardino International Airport">San Bernardino International Airport</a></td> <td>SBD</td> <td>San Bernardino, Riverside</td> <td>Small Hub</td> <td>NA </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freeways_and_highways">Freeways and highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Freeways and highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg/300px-SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg/450px-SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg/600px-SocalfreewaysystemWIKI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1751" /></a><figcaption>Interstate and state highway system of Southern California</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_freeways" title="Southern California freeways">Southern California freeways</a></div> <p>Sections of the Southern California freeway system are often referred to by names rather than by the official numbers. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highways">Interstate Highways</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sign </th> <th>Interstate </th> <th>Freeway name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-5_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/I-5_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-5_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/I-5_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-5_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/I-5_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-5_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_California" title="Interstate 5 in California">Interstate 5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden State Freeway">Golden State Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Freeway" title="Santa Ana Freeway">Santa Ana Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Freeway" title="San Diego Freeway">San Diego Freeway</a><br />Montgomery Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-8_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-8_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-8_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-8_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-8_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-8_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-8_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">Interstate 8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean Beach Freeway">Ocean Beach Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Valley Freeway">Mission Valley Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-10_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/I-10_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-10_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/I-10_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-10_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/I-10_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-10_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_California" title="Interstate 10 in California">Interstate 10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica Freeway">Santa Monica (Rosa Parks) Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden State Freeway">Golden State Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino Freeway">San Bernardino Freeway</a><br />Indio (Dr. <a href="/wiki/June_McCarroll" title="June McCarroll">June McCarroll</a>) Freeway<br />Blythe Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-15_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I-15_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-15_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I-15_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-15_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/I-15_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-15_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_California" title="Interstate 15 in California">Interstate 15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojave Freeway">Mojave Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Barstow_Freeway" title="Barstow Freeway">Barstow Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Freeway">Ontario Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Corona_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona Freeway">Corona Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Temecula_Valley_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Temecula Valley Freeway">Temecula Valley Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Escondido_Freeway" title="Escondido Freeway">Escondido Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-40_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-40_%28CA%29.svg/20px-I-40_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-40_%28CA%29.svg/30px-I-40_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/I-40_%28CA%29.svg/40px-I-40_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_California" title="Interstate 40 in California">Interstate 40</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Needles_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Needles Freeway">Needles Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-105_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/I-105_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-105_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/I-105_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-105_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/I-105_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-105_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_105_(California)" title="Interstate 105 (California)">Interstate 105</a> </td> <td>Century (<a href="/wiki/Glenn_M._Anderson" title="Glenn M. Anderson">Glenn Anderson</a>) Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-110_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I-110_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-110_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I-110_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-110_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/I-110_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-110_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_110_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 110 (California)">Interstate 110</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor Freeway">Harbor Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-210_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-210_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-210_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-210_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-210_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-210_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-210_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_210_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 210 (California)">Interstate 210</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foothill_Freeway" title="Foothill Freeway">Foothill Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-215_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-215_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-215_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-215_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-215_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-215_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-215_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_215_(California)" title="Interstate 215 (California)">Interstate 215</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barstow_Freeway" title="Barstow Freeway">Barstow Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino Freeway">San Bernardino Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreno Valley Freeway">Moreno Valley Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Escondido_Freeway" title="Escondido Freeway">Escondido Freeway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-405_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/I-405_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-405_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/I-405_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-405_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/I-405_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-405_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_405_(California)" title="Interstate 405 (California)">Interstate 405</a> </td> <td>San Diego Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-605_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/I-605_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-605_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/I-605_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-605_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/I-605_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-605_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_605" title="Interstate 605">Interstate 605</a> </td> <td>San Gabriel River Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-710_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/I-710_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-710_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/I-710_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-710_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/I-710_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-710_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_710" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 710">Interstate 710</a> </td> <td>Long Beach Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-805_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/I-805_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-805_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/I-805_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-805_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/I-805_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-805_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_805" title="Interstate 805">Interstate 805</a> </td> <td>Jacob Dekema Freeway </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I-905_(CA).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/I-905_%28CA%29.svg/24px-I-905_%28CA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/I-905_%28CA%29.svg/36px-I-905_%28CA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/I-905_%28CA%29.svg/48px-I-905_%28CA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="401" /></a></span> </td> <td>Future <a href="/wiki/Interstate_905" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 905">Interstate 905</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="width:40%; float: left;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_system" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway system">U.S. Highway system</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sign </th> <th>U.S. Route </th> <th>Freeway name </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_66_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_66_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66_in_California" title="U.S. Route 66 in California">U.S. Route 66</a> </td> <td>National Trails Highway <br /> Cajon Boulevard <br /> <a href="/wiki/Foothill_Boulevard_(Southern_California)" title="Foothill Boulevard (Southern California)">Foothill Boulevard</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_Parkway" title="Arroyo Seco Parkway">Arroyo Seco Parkway</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Boulevard" title="Santa Monica Boulevard">Santa Monica Boulevard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_95_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_95_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_95_in_California" title="U.S. Route 95 in California">U.S. Route 95</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_99_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_99_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_99_in_California" title="U.S. Route 99 in California">U.S. Route 99</a> </td> <td>Golden State Highway <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ridge_Route" title="Ridge Route">Ridge Route</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_101_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_101_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_101_in_California" title="U.S. Route 101 in California">U.S. Route 101</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ventura_Freeway" title="Ventura Freeway">Ventura Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Freeway" title="Hollywood Freeway">Hollywood Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Freeway" title="Santa Ana Freeway">Santa Ana Freeway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_(California)" title="El Camino Real (California)">El Camino Real</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_395_(1961_cutout).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg/23px-US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg/35px-US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg/46px-US_395_%281961_cutout%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="385" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_395_in_California" title="U.S. Route 395 in California">U.S. Route 395</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg/250px-AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg/375px-AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg/500px-AT%26SF44CatLosAngelesCA9-24-66.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway</a>'s combined Super Chief-El Capitan pulls into Los Angeles's Union Passenger Terminal on September 24, 1966.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>See: <a href="/wiki/Category:Public_transportation_in_Southern_California" title="Category:Public transportation in Southern California">Category: Public transportation in Southern California</a></i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Transit_Authority" title="Antelope Valley Transit Authority">Antelope Valley Transit Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Blue_Bus" title="Big Blue Bus">Big Blue Bus</a> (Santa Monica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Transit" title="Gold Coast Transit">Gold Coast Transit</a> (Ventura County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Empire_Transit" title="Golden Empire Transit">Golden Empire Transit</a> (Bakersfield)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_Transit_District" title="North County Transit District">North County Transit District</a> (northern San Diego County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnitrans" title="Omnitrans">Omnitrans</a> (southwestern San Bernardino County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Transportation_Authority" title="Orange County Transportation Authority">Orange County Transportation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Transit_Agency" title="Riverside Transit Agency">Riverside Transit Agency</a> (western Riverside County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaster_(rail_service)" title="Coaster (rail service)">Coaster</a> (Oceanside to San Diego)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">San Diego Metropolitan Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="San Luis Obispo Regional Transit Authority">San Luis Obispo Regional Transit Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a> MTD</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communication">Communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telephone_area_codes">Telephone area codes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Telephone area codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_213" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 213">213</a> – <a href="/wiki/Central_Los_Angeles" title="Central Los Angeles">Central Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_310" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 310">310</a> – <a href="/wiki/Westside_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Westside (Los Angeles County)">West Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, Los Angeles">South Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catalina Island, California">Catalina Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_323" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 323">323</a> – Overlay with 213</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_424" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 424">424</a> – Overlay with 310</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_442" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 442">442</a> – Overlay with 760</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_562" title="Area code 562">562</a> – <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach">Long Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Cities" title="Gateway Cities">Gateway Cities</a>, and parts of northern <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_619" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 619">619</a> – most of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a> including <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_626" title="Area code 626">626</a> – most of <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a> including <a href="/wiki/Pasadena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena">Pasadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_657" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 657">657</a> – Overlay with 714</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_661" title="Area code 661">661</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakersfield">Bakersfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Clarita">Santa Clarita</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_714" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 714">714</a> – Northern Orange County (including <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntington Beach">Huntington Beach</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_760" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 760">760</a> – Northern San Diego County (including <a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a>), <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial County">Imperial County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blythe,_California" title="Blythe, California">Blythe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twentynine_Palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentynine Palms">Twentynine Palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barstow,_California" title="Barstow, California">Barstow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ridgecrest,_California" title="Ridgecrest, California">Ridgecrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_805" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 805">805</a> – <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a> Counties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_818" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 818">818</a> – Eastern <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescenta_Valley" title="Crescenta Valley">Crescenta Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a> including <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_820" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 820">820</a> – Overlay with 805</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_840" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 840">840</a> – Overlay with 909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 858">858</a> – Overlay with 619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_909" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 909">909</a> – Southwestern <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino County">San Bernardino County</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a>, and portions of northwestern <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside County">Riverside County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_949" title="Area code 949">949</a> – Southern <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport Beach">Newport Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Niguel" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Niguel">Laguna Niguel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="San Clemente">San Clemente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_code_951" title="Area code 951">951</a> – Western <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside County">Riverside County</a> including <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temecula" class="mw-redirect" title="Temecula">Temecula</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Southern_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colleges and universities in Southern California">List of colleges and universities in Southern California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg/200px-Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg/300px-Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg/400px-Royce_Hall_post_rain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/200px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/300px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg/400px-Beckman_Institute_Reflection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Public institutions in the region include: </p><p><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> (10 campuses total; 5 within the SoCal region) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> (23 campuses total; 12 within the SoCal region) </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Bakersfield" title="California State University, Bakersfield">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University_Channel_Islands" title="California State University Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Dominguez_Hills" title="California State University, Dominguez Hills">Dominguez Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fullerton" title="California State University, Fullerton">Fullerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Los_Angeles" title="California State University, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Long_Beach" title="California State University, Long Beach">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">Northridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Polytechnic_University,_Pomona" title="California State Polytechnic University, Pomona">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_San_Bernardino" title="California State University, San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_San_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="California State University, San Marcos">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Polytechnic_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="California Polytechnic State University">San Luis Obispo</a></li></ul></div> <p>Private institutions include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Pasadena)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Pacific_University" title="Azusa Pacific University">Azusa Pacific University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azusa,_California" title="Azusa, California">Azusa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orange,_California" title="Orange, California">Orange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Colleges" title="Claremont Colleges">Claremont Colleges</a> (all in <a href="/wiki/Claremont,_California" title="Claremont, California">Claremont</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mudd_College" title="Harvey Mudd College">Harvey Mudd College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzer_College" title="Pitzer College">Pitzer College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Graduate_University" title="Claremont Graduate University">Claremont Graduate University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keck_Graduate_Institute" title="Keck Graduate Institute">Keck Graduate Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda_University" title="Loma Linda University">Loma Linda University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda,_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University" title="Loyola Marymount University">Loyola Marymount University</a> (Los Angeles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_College" title="Occidental College">Occidental College</a> (Los Angeles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a> (Los Angeles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Redlands" title="University of Redlands">University of Redlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Redlands,_California" title="Redlands, California">Redlands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (Los Angeles)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation_areas">Parks and recreation areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous parks provide recreation opportunities and open space. Locations include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Plain_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrizo Plain National Monument">Carrizo Plain National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Castle Mountains National Monument">Castle Mountains National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_E._Chavez_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesar E. Chavez National Monument">Cesar E. Chavez National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park">Channel Islands National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_National_Preserve" title="Mojave National Preserve">Mojave National Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area">Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</a></li></ul></li> <li>Major <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">State Parks</a> – <i>including:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anza-Borrego_Desert_State_Park" title="Anza-Borrego Desert State Park">Anza-Borrego Desert State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cove_State_Park" title="Crystal Cove State Park">Crystal Cove State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Rancho_State_Park" title="Cuyamaca Rancho State Park">Cuyamaca Rancho State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Hills_State_Park" title="Chino Hills State Park">Chino Hills State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tejon_State_Historic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Tejon State Historic Park">Fort Tejon State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hahn_State_Recreation_Area" title="Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area">Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_San_Jacinto_State_Park" title="Mount San Jacinto State Park">Mount San Jacinto State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Creek_State_Park" title="Malibu Creek State Park">Malibu Creek State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_State_Park_(California)" title="Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)">Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topanga_State_Park" title="Topanga State Park">Topanga State Park</a></li></ul></li> <li>Major State Historic Parks – <i>including:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Citrus_State_Historic_Park" title="California Citrus State Historic Park">California Citrus State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Santa_Barbara" title="Presidio of Santa Barbara">El Presidio de Santa Barbara State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pur%C3%ADsima_Mission_State_Historic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="La Purísima Mission State Historic Park">La Purísima Mission State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Encinos_State_Historic_Park" title="Los Encinos State Historic Park">Los Encinos State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_Obispo_de_Tolosa" title="Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa">Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town San Diego State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Los_Encinos" title="Rancho Los Encinos">Rancho Los Encinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Pass_State_Historic_Park" title="Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park">Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park</a></li> <li>Tule Elk State Natural Reserve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_Towers" title="Watts Towers">Watts Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_State_Historic_Park" title="Will Rogers State Historic Park">Will Rogers State Historic Park</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Freeway_Series" title="Freeway Series">Freeway Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakers%E2%80%93Clippers_rivalry" title="Lakers–Clippers rivalry">Lakers–Clippers rivalry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California#Northern_California–Southern_California_rivalry" title="Sports in California">Sports in California § Northern California–Southern California rivalry</a></div> <p>Major professional sports teams in Southern California include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> (American football) <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> (Basketball) <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> (Baseball) <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> (Ice hockey) <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS" class="mw-redirect" title="MLS">MLS</a> (Soccer) <a href="/wiki/LA_Galaxy" title="LA Galaxy">LA Galaxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC" title="Los Angeles FC">Los Angeles FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_FC" title="San Diego FC">San Diego FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NWSL" class="mw-redirect" title="NWSL">NWSL</a>(Soccer) <a href="/wiki/Angel_City_FC" title="Angel City FC">Angel City FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Wave_FC" title="San Diego Wave FC">San Diego Wave FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a>(Basketball) <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks" title="Los Angeles Sparks">Los Angeles Sparks</a></li></ul> <p>Southern California also is home to a number of popular NCAA sports programs such as the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Bruins" title="UCLA Bruins">UCLA Bruins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/USC_Trojans" title="USC Trojans">USC Trojans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs" title="San Diego State Aztecs">San Diego State Aztecs</a>. The Bruins and the Trojans both field football teams in <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a>, and there is a longtime <a href="/wiki/UCLA%E2%80%93USC_rivalry" title="UCLA–USC rivalry">rivalry between the schools</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Southern_California" title="Category:History of Southern California">Category: History of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ranchos_of_California" title="Category:Ranchos of California">Category:Ranchos of California</a> – <i>Southern California Counties categories</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_transportation_in_Southern_California" title="Category:Public transportation in Southern California">Category: Public transportation in Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_earthquake_forecast" class="mw-redirect" title="California earthquake forecast">California earthquake forecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">California megapolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Southern_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Southern California">Geography of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_in_Southern_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities in Southern California">Largest cities in Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California#Southern_California" title="List of regions of California">List of regions of California#Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Megaregions of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angeles" title="San Angeles">San Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Association_of_Governments" title="Southern California Association of Governments">Southern California Association of Governments</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counties.org/pod/square-mileage-county">"Square Mileage by County"</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_State_Association_of_Counties" title="California State Association of Counties">California State Association of Counties</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227233117/http://www.counties.org/pod/square-mileage-county">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Square+Mileage+by+County&rft.pub=California+State+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.counties.org%2Fpod%2Fsquare-mileage-county&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-state-total.html">"State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126071436/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-state-total.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Population+Totals+and+Components+of+Change%3A+2010-2019&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2010s-state-total.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=397"><i>Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313103326/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=397">archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+by+County+and+Metropolitan+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Frelease%3Frid%3D397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p04zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAPA38">"Figures Show California's Motoring Supremacy"</a>. <i>Touring Topics</i>. <b>8</b> (2). Los Angeles, California: Automobile Club of Southern California: 38–39. March 1916. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184941/https://books.google.com/books?id=p04zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAPA38">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Touring+Topics&rft.atitle=Figures+Show+California%27s+Motoring+Supremacy&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38-39&rft.date=1916-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp04zAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPAPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooley2014" class="citation book cs1">Cooley, Timothy J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EXdAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA46"><i>Surfing about Music</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52095-721-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52095-721-3"><bdi>978-0-52095-721-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184923/https://books.google.com/books?id=EXdAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA46">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surfing+about+Music&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-52095-721-3&rft.aulast=Cooley&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEXdAAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516142109/http://www.america2050.org/megaregions.html">"Megaregions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.america2050.org/megaregions.html">the original</a> on May 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Megaregions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.america2050.org%2Fmegaregions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The three metropolitan areas are: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Metropolitan Area">Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana</a><i> (the second largest in the US)</i>,</li> <li>Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario <i> (the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">Inland Empire</a>)</i> and</li> <li>San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos – see: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">United States metropolitan areas</a></li></ol> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329114501/http://www.csac.counties.org/images/users/1/2008population.pdf">"California County Population Estimates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Finance" title="California Department of Finance">California Department of Finance</a>. January 7, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csac.counties.org/images/users/1/2008population.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+County+Population+Estimates&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Finance&rft.date=2009-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csac.counties.org%2Fimages%2Fusers%2F1%2F2008population.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoon2006" class="citation news cs1">Yoon, Peter (August 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-xgames7aug07,0,5636019.story?coll=la-home-headlines">"X Games Take a Turn for the Better"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210190856/http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-xgames7aug07,0,5636019.story?coll=la-home-headlines">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=X+Games+Take+a+Turn+for+the+Better&rft.date=2006-08-07&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fsports%2Fla-sp-xgames7aug07%2C0%2C5636019.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-home-headlines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2006" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Matt (September 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/13/sports/othersports/13surfing.html">"Construction Stirs Debate on Effects on 'Perfect Wave'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430024343/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/13/sports/othersports/13surfing.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Construction+Stirs+Debate+on+Effects+on+%27Perfect+Wave%27&rft.date=2006-09-13&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F09%2F13%2Fsports%2Fothersports%2F13surfing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.usnews.com/Palm_Springs_CA/">"Palm Springs Travel Guide | U.S. News Travel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508130223/https://travel.usnews.com/Palm_Springs_CA/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Palm+Springs+Travel+Guide+%7C+U.S.+News+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.usnews.com%2FPalm_Springs_CA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinerals_Management_Service1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Management_Service" title="Minerals Management Service">Minerals Management Service</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CSJPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA6"><i>Pacific Summary / Index: June 1, 1986 – July 31, 1987</i></a>. Outer Continental Shelf Oil & Gas Activities. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230221022446/https://books.google.com/books?id=CSJPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Summary+%2F+Index%3A+June+1%2C+1986+%E2%80%93+July+31%2C+1987&rft.series=Outer+Continental+Shelf+Oil+%26+Gas+Activities&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Minerals+Management+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCSJPAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Thomas (April 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bayareatelegraph.com/2023/04/23/where-does-southern-california-stop-and-northern-california-start/">"Where Does Southern California Stop and Northern California Start?"</a>. <i>Bay Area Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425141209/https://bayareatelegraph.com/2023/04/23/where-does-southern-california-stop-and-northern-california-start/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bay+Area+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Where+Does+Southern+California+Stop+and+Northern+California+Start%3F&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbayareatelegraph.com%2F2023%2F04%2F23%2Fwhere-does-southern-california-stop-and-northern-california-start%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Berg2014" class="citation book cs1">Peter Berg (2014). Cheryll Glotfelty; Eve Quesnel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dF4KBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA265"><i>The Biosphere and the Bioregion: Essential Writings of Peter Berg</i></a>. Routledge. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134504091" title="Special:BookSources/9781134504091"><bdi>9781134504091</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023205057/https://books.google.com/books?id=dF4KBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA265">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biosphere+and+the+Bioregion%3A+Essential+Writings+of+Peter+Berg&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781134504091&rft.au=Peter+Berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdF4KBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpGlazner1997" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Robert Phillip; Glazner, Allen F. (1997). <i>Geology Underfoot in Death Valley and Owens Valley</i>. Mountain Press Publishing. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878423620" title="Special:BookSources/9780878423620"><bdi>9780878423620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+Underfoot+in+Death+Valley+and+Owens+Valley&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Mountain+Press+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780878423620&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Robert+Phillip&rft.au=Glazner%2C+Allen+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Wheeler_(explorer)" title="George Wheeler (explorer)">Wheeler, George</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xhG8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA172"><i>Annual Report Upon the Geographical Surveys West of the One-hundredth Meridian</i></a>. US Government Printing Office. p. 172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+Upon+the+Geographical+Surveys+West+of+the+One-hundredth+Meridian&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxhG8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiLeoSmith1983" class="citation book cs1">DiLeo, Michael; Smith, Eleanor (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OEqiYRm-ohMC&pg=PA27"><i>Two Californias: The Myths And Realities of a State Divided Against Itself</i></a>. Covelo, California: Island Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-93328-016-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-93328-016-8"><bdi>978-0-93328-016-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184920/https://books.google.com/books?id=OEqiYRm-ohMC&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Californias%3A+The+Myths+And+Realities+of+a+State+Divided+Against+Itself&rft.place=Covelo%2C+California&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-93328-016-8&rft.aulast=DiLeo&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Smith%2C+Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOEqiYRm-ohMC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalifornia1901" class="citation book cs1">California, Historical Society of Southern (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WCMLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223"><i>The Quarterly, Volumes 5-6</i></a>. Historical Society of Southern California. p. 223. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184948/https://books.google.com/books?id=WCMLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA223">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly%2C+Volumes+5-6&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Historical+Society+of+Southern+California&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=California&rft.aufirst=Historical+Society+of+Southern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWCMLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1999" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Leilah (December 31, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-31-cl-49174-story.html">"L.A. Then AND NOW"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170227180649/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/31/news/cl-49174">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=L.A.+Then+AND+NOW&rft.date=1999-12-31&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Leilah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1999-dec-31-cl-49174-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2018" class="citation news cs1">Myers, John (June 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-split-three-states-20180612-story.html">"Radical plan to split California into three states earns spot on November ballot"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225170640/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-split-three-states-20180612-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Radical+plan+to+split+California+into+three+states+earns+spot+on+November+ballot&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pol-ca-california-split-three-states-20180612-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/12/03/california-health-officials-announce-a-regional-stay-at-home-order-triggered-by-icu-capacity/">"California Health Officials Announce a Regional Stay at Home Order Triggered by ICU Capacity"</a>. State of California. December 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327144757/https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/12/03/california-health-officials-announce-a-regional-stay-at-home-order-triggered-by-icu-capacity/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Health+Officials+Announce+a+Regional+Stay+at+Home+Order+Triggered+by+ICU+Capacity&rft.pub=State+of+California&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ca.gov%2F2020%2F12%2F03%2Fcalifornia-health-officials-announce-a-regional-stay-at-home-order-triggered-by-icu-capacity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.2020.html">"Counties"</a>. <i>2020 U.S. Census Gazetteer Files</i>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026060851/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.2020.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2020+U.S.+Census+Gazetteer+Files&rft.atitle=Counties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.2020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/losangelescountycalifornia,US/PST045219">"Los Angeles County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518091537/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/losangelescountycalifornia,US/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+County+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Flosangelescountycalifornia%2CUS%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocountycalifornia,US/PST045219">"San Diego County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924205247/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocountycalifornia,US/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Diego+County+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fsandiegocountycalifornia%2CUS%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/orangecountycalifornia,US/PST045219">"Orange County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128163939/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/orangecountycalifornia,US/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orange+County+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Forangecountycalifornia%2CUS%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/riversidecountycalifornia,US/PST045219">"Riverside County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201070212/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/riversidecountycalifornia,US/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riverside+County+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Friversidecountycalifornia%2CUS%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanbernardinocountycalifornia,US/PST045219">"San Bernardino County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118143307/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sanbernardinocountycalifornia,US/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 23, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CSA-EST2009-alldata.csv">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">CSV</a>)</span> on March 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Gazetteer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-223&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049427">the original</a> on October 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Gazetteer%3B+San+Diego-Tijuana&rft.pub=World+Gazetteer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld-gazetteer.com%2Fwg.php%3Fx%3D%26men%3Dgpro%26lng%3Den%26dat%3D32%26geo%3D-223%26srt%3Dpnan%26col%3Daohdq%26pt%3Da%26va%3D%26geo%3D-1049427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117092845/http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CSA-EST2008-alldata.csv">"Population Estimates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CSA-EST2008-alldata.csv">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">CSV</a>)</span> on November 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fmetro%2Ffiles%2F2008%2FCSA-EST2008-alldata.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36155">"California Coast, Los Angeles to San Diego Bay"</a>. December 15, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525054533/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36155">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Coast%2C+Los+Angeles+to+San+Diego+Bay&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2FIOTD%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D36155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoucky2008" class="citation book cs1">Loucky, James, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KDc2r0SC5PIC&pg=PA8"><i>Transboundary policy challenges in the Pacific border regions of North America</i></a>. University of Calgary Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-223-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-223-3"><bdi>978-1-55238-223-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184935/https://books.google.com/books?id=KDc2r0SC5PIC&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transboundary+policy+challenges+in+the+Pacific+border+regions+of+North+America&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-223-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKDc2r0SC5PIC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whats-the-largest-US-city-by-population">"List of the largest U.S. cities by population | Estimate, Census, New York City, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. May 1, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240605015550/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whats-the-largest-US-city-by-population">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=List+of+the+largest+U.S.+cities+by+population+%7C+Estimate%2C+Census%2C+New+York+City%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FWhats-the-largest-US-city-by-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestwick2012" class="citation book cs1">Westwick, Peter J., ed. (June 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O5IkDQAAQBAJ"><i>Blue Sky Metropolis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Library" title="Huntington Library">Huntington Library</a>: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52028-906-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52028-906-2"><bdi>978-0-52028-906-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315184948/https://books.google.com/books?id=O5IkDQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Sky+Metropolis&rft.place=Huntington+Library&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2012-06-04&rft.isbn=978-0-52028-906-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO5IkDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/media/cy11_primary_enplanements.pdf">"Calendar Year 2011 Primary Airports"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. September 27, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208001604/https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/media/cy11_primary_enplanements.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calendar+Year+2011+Primary+Airports&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fairports%2Fplanning_capacity%2Fpassenger_allcargo_stats%2Fpassenger%2Fmedia%2Fcy11_primary_enplanements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_California&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastillo-Munoz2016" class="citation book cs1">Castillo-Munoz, Veronica (2016). <i>The Other California: Land, Identity and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+California%3A+Land%2C+Identity+and+Politics+on+the+Mexican+Borderlands&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Castillo-Munoz&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeverellIgler2013" class="citation book cs1">Deverell, William; Igler, David, eds. (2013). <i>A companion to California history</i>. John Wiley & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+companion+to+California+history&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogelson1967" class="citation book cs1">Fogelson, Robert M. (1967). <i>The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850–1930</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragmented+Metropolis%3A+Los+Angeles%2C+1850%E2%80%931930&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Fogelson&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span>, focus on planning, infrastructure, water and business.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedricks1992" class="citation book cs1">Friedricks, William (1992). <i>Henry E. Huntington and the Creation of Southern California</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+E.+Huntington+and+the+Creation+of+Southern+California&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Friedricks&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span>, on Henry Edwards Huntington (1850–1927), railroad executive and collector, who helped build LA and southern California through the Southern Pacific railroad and trolleys.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2001" class="citation book cs1">Garcia, Matt. (2001). <i>A World of Its Own: Race, Labor and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900–1970</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+of+Its+Own%3A+Race%2C+Labor+and+Citrus+in+the+Making+of+Greater+Los+Angeles%2C+1900%E2%80%931970&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Matt.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia1972" class="citation journal cs1">Garcia, Mario T. (1972). "A Chicano Perspective on San Diego History". <i>Journal of San Diego History</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 14–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+San+Diego+History&rft.atitle=A+Chicano+Perspective+on+San+Diego+History&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=14-21&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Mario+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020101212335/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/72fall/chicano.htm">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLotchin2002" class="citation book cs1">Lotchin, Roger (2002). <i>Fortress California, 1910–1961</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+California%2C+1910%E2%80%931961&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Lotchin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Fortress-California-1910-1961-WARFARE-WELFARE/dp/0252071034/">excerpt and text search</a>, covers military and industrial roles.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1960" class="citation book cs1">Mills, James R. (1960). <i>San Diego: Where California Began</i>. San Diego: San Diego Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Diego%3A+Where+California+Began&rft.pub=San+Diego%3A+San+Diego+Historical+Society&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000818221714/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/wcb/wcb.htm">revised edition online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty1972" class="citation book cs1">O'Flaherty, Joseph S. (1972). <i>An End and a Beginning: The South Coast and Los Angeles, 1850–1887</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+End+and+a+Beginning%3A+The+South+Coast+and+Los+Angeles%2C+1850%E2%80%931887&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=O%27Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty1978" class="citation book cs1">O'Flaherty, Joseph S. (1978). <i>Those Powerful Years: The South Coast and Los Angeles, 1887–1917</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Those+Powerful+Years%3A+The+South+Coast+and+Los+Angeles%2C+1887%E2%80%931917&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=O%27Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPryde2004" class="citation book cs1">Pryde, Philip R. (2004). <i>San Diego: An Introduction to the Region</i> (4th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Diego%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Region&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Pryde&rft.aufirst=Philip+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span>, a historical geography</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShragge1994" class="citation journal cs1">Shragge, Abraham. (1994). "A new federal city: San Diego during World War II". <i>Pacific Historical Review</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 333–361. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3640970">10.2307/3640970</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640970">3640970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=A+new+federal+city%3A+San+Diego+during+World+War+II&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=333-361&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3640970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3640970%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shragge&rft.aufirst=Abraham.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640970">in JSTOR</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr1997" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Kevin (1997). <i>The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s</i>. pp. 90–114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dream+Endures%3A+California+Enters+the+1940s&rft.pages=90-114&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span>, covers 1880s–1940</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2004" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Kevin (2004). <i>Coast of Dreams: California on the Edge, 1990–2003</i>. pp. 372–381.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coast+of+Dreams%3A+California+on+the+Edge%2C+1990%E2%80%932003&rft.pages=372-381&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2011" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Kevin (2011). <i>Golden Dreams: California in an Age of Abundance, 1950–1963</i>. pp. 57–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Dreams%3A+California+in+an+Age+of+Abundance%2C+1950%E2%80%931963&rft.pages=57-87&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+California" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Southern_California" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Southern California">Southern California</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Southern_California#Q844837" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Southern California">Southern California</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_California_megaregion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template talk:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_California_megaregion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">Southern California megaregion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Metropolitan areas and cities in <i>italics</i> are located outside of California</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Metropolitan Los Angeles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana,_California" title="Fontana, California">Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Rancho Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona,_California" title="Corona, California">Corona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–<i>Tijuana</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosarito,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito, Baja California">Rosarito</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_California" title="Santa Maria, California">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas Valley</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/170px-SoCal_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/255px-SoCal_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/340px-SoCal_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="479" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">Megapolitan areas of California</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844837#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315160367">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1692638/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmgfgJbKP9qf9d9tcgKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4096903-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85018898">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007293778505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Southern_California&params=34_00_N_117_00_W_region:US-CA_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">117°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.000°N 117.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.000; -117.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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