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plot</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ratio plot"> <meta name="keywords" content="ratio plot"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ratio plot"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4995</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ratio plot</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4995</span> Effect of Inorganic Fertilization on Soil N Dynamics in Agricultural Plots in Central Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karla%20Sanchez-Ortiz">Karla Sanchez-Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunuen%20Tapia-Torres"> Yunuen Tapia-Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Larsen"> John Larsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Garcia-Oliva"> Felipe Garcia-Oliva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to food demand production, the use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer has increased in agricultural soils to replace the N losses. Nevertheless, the intensive use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer in conventional agriculture negatively affects the soil and therefore the environment, so alternatives such as organic agriculture have been proposed for being more environmentally friendly. However, further research in soil is needed to see how agricultural management affects the dynamics of C and N. The objective of this research was to evaluate the C and N dynamics in the soil with three different agricultural management: an agricultural plot with intensive inorganic fertilization, a plot with semi-organic management and an agricultural plot with recent abandonment (2 years). For each plot, the soil C and N dynamics and the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase were characterized. Total C and N concentration of the plant biomass of each site was measured as well. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher in abandoned plot, as well as this plot had higher total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), besides microbial N and microbial C. While the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase was greater in the agricultural plot with inorganic fertilization, as well as nitrate (NO₃) was higher in fertilized plot, in comparison with the other two plots. The aboveground biomass (AB) of maize in the plot with inorganic fertilization presented higher TC and TN concentrations than the maize AB growing in the semiorganic plot, but the C:N ratio was highest in the grass AB in the abandoned plot. The C:N ration in the maize grain was greater in the semi-organic agricultural plot. These results show that the plot under intensive agricultural management favors the loss of soil organic matter and N, degrading the dynamics of soil organic compounds, promoting its fertility depletion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title="mineralization">mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20cycle" title=" nitrogen cycle"> nitrogen cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20degradation" title=" soil degradation"> soil degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nutrients" title=" soil nutrients"> soil nutrients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789/effect-of-inorganic-fertilization-on-soil-n-dynamics-in-agricultural-plots-in-central-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4994</span> Combination Urea and KCl with Powder Coal Sub-Bituminous to Increase Nutrient Content of Ultisols in Limau Manis Padang West Sumatra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amsar%20Maulana">Amsar Maulana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafdea%20Syafitri"> Rafdea Syafitri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Topanal%20%20Gustiranda"> Topanal Gustiranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasya%20Permatasari"> Natasya Permatasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herviyanti"> Herviyanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal as an alternative source of humic material that has the potential of 973.92 million tons (sub-bituminous amounted to 673.70 million tons) in West Sumatera. The purpose of this research was to study combination Urea and KCl with powder coal Sub-bituminous to increase nutrient content of Ultisols In Limau Manis Padang West Sumatera. The experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications, those were T1) 0.5% (50g plot-1) of powder coal Sub-bituminous; T2) T1 and 125% (7.03g plot-1 ) of Urea recommendation; T3) T1 and 125% (5.85g plot-1) of KCl recommendation; T4) 1.0% (100g plot-1) of powder coal Sub-bituminous; T5) T4 and 125% (7.03g plot-1 ) of Urea recommendation; T6) T4 and 125% (5.85g plot-1) of KCl recommendation; T7) 1.5% (150g plot-1) of powder coal Sub-bituminous; T8) T7 and 125% (7.03g plot-1 ) of Urea recommendation; T9) T7 and 125% (5.85g plot-1) of KCl recommendation. The results showed that application 1.5% of powder coal Sub-bituminous and 125% of Urea recommendation could increase nutrient content of Ultisols such as pH by 0.33 unit, Organic – C by 2.03%, total – N by 0.31%, Available P by 14.16 ppm and CEC by 19.38 me 100g-1 after 2 weeks of incubation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KCl" title="KCl">KCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-bituminous" title=" sub-bituminous"> sub-bituminous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultisols" title=" ultisols"> ultisols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67115/combination-urea-and-kcl-with-powder-coal-sub-bituminous-to-increase-nutrient-content-of-ultisols-in-limau-manis-padang-west-sumatra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4993</span> Response of Summer Sesame to Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Jamdhade">Kalpana Jamdhade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Chorey"> Anita Chorey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Tijare"> Bharti Tijare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Bhale"> V. M. Bhale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2011 at Agronomy research farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola, to study the effect of irrigation regime and nitrogen levels on growth and productivity of summer sesame. The experiment was laid out in split plot Design in which three irrigation scheduling on the basis of IW/CPE ratio viz., irrigation at 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 IW/CPE ratios (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) and one irrigation scheduling based on critical growth stages of sesame (I4), in main plot and three nitrogen levels 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha-1 (N0, N1 and N2, respectively) in subplot. The result showed that plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area and dry matter accumulation were maximum in irrigation scheduling at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio, which significantly superior over 0.6 IW/CPE ratio and irrigation at critical growth stages but were statistically at par with irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio. Nitrogen levels, application of 60 kg N ha-1 was recorded significantly superior all growth parameters over treatment 30 kg N ha-1 and 0 kg N ha-1. In case of yield attributes viz., No. of capsules plant-1, Test wt., grain yield and Stalk yield (qha-1) were maximum in irrigation scheduling at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and were significantly superior over 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, 0.6 IW/CPE ratio and irrigation at critical growth stages. Application of 60 kg N ha-1 increased all yield attributing characters over application of 30 and 0 kg N ha-1. In case of economics of crop same trend was found and the highest B:C ration was obtained in irrigation scheduling at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio. Whereas, application of 30 kg N ha-1 was recorded highest B:C ration over application of 60 and 0 kg N ha-1. Interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels were found to be non significant in summer season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20regimes" title="irrigation regimes">irrigation regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20levels" title=" nitrogen levels"> nitrogen levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=summer%20sesame" title=" summer sesame"> summer sesame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20technology" title=" agricultural technology"> agricultural technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18678/response-of-summer-sesame-to-irrigation-regimes-and-nitrogen-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4992</span> Effects of Process Parameters on the Yield of Oil from Coconut Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndidi%20F.%20Amulu">Ndidi F. Amulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godian%20O.%20Mbah"> Godian O. Mbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxwel%20I.%20Onyiah"> Maxwel I. Onyiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callistus%20N.%20Ude"> Callistus N. Ude</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and its oil was evaluated in this work using standard analytical techniques. The analyses carried out include proximate composition of the fruit, extraction of oil from the fruit using different process parameters and physicochemical analysis of the extracted oil. The results showed the percentage (%) moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, ash, and carbohydrate content of the coconut as 7.59, 55.15, 5.65, 7.35, and 19.51 respectively. The oil from the coconut fruit was odourless and yellowish liquid at room temperature (30oC). The treatment combinations used (leaching time, leaching temperature and solute: solvent ratio) showed significant differences (P˂0.05) in the yield of oil from coconut flour. The oil yield ranged between 36.25%-49.83%. Lipid indices of the coconut oil indicated the acid value (AV) as 10.05 Na0H/g of oil, free fatty acid (FFA) as 5.03%, saponification values (SV) as 183.26 mgKOH-1 g of oil, iodine value (IV) as 81.00 I2/g of oil, peroxide value (PV) as 5.00 ml/ g of oil and viscosity (V) as 0.002. A standard statistical package minitab version 16.0 program was used in the regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical software mentioned above was also used to generate various plots such as single effect plot, interactions effect plot and contour plot. The response or yield of oil from the coconut flour was used to develop a mathematical model that correlates the yield to the process variables studied. The maximum conditions obtained that gave the highest yield of coconut oil were leaching time of 2 hrs, leaching temperature of 50 oC and solute/solvent ratio of 0.05 g/ml. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut" title="coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-extraction" title=" oil-extraction"> oil-extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate" title=" proximate"> proximate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16056/effects-of-process-parameters-on-the-yield-of-oil-from-coconut-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4991</span> The Importance of Development in Laboratory Diagnosis at the Intersection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Sahri">Agus Sahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cahya%20Putra%20Dinata"> Cahya Putra Dinata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faishal%20Andhi%20Rokhman"> Faishal Andhi Rokhman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intersection is a critical area on a highway which is a place of conflict points and congestion due to the meeting of two or more roads. Conflicts that occur at the intersection include diverging, merging, weaving, and crossing. To deal with these conflicts, a crossing control system is needed, at a plot of intersection there are two control systems namely signal intersections and non-signalized intersections. The control system at a plot of intersection can affect the intersection performance. In Indonesia there are still many intersections with poor intersection performance. In analyzing the parameters to measure the performance of a plot of intersection in Indonesia, it is guided by the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual. For this reason, this study aims to develop laboratory diagnostics at plot intersections to analyze parameters that can affect the performance of an intersection. The research method used is <em>research and development.</em> The laboratory diagnosis includes anamnesis, differential diagnosis, inspection, diagnosis, prognosis, specimens, analysis and sample data analysts. It is expected that this research can encourage the development and application of laboratory diagnostics at a plot of intersection in Indonesia so that intersections can function optimally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title="intersection">intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20laboratory%20diagnostic" title=" the laboratory diagnostic"> the laboratory diagnostic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20systems" title=" control systems"> control systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108403/the-importance-of-development-in-laboratory-diagnosis-at-the-intersection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4990</span> On-Plot Piping Corrosion Analysis for Gas and Oil Separation Plants (GOSPs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20A.%20Al%20Shaqaq">Sultan A. Al Shaqaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion is a serious challenge for a piping system in our Gas and Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) that causes piping failures. Two GOSPs (Plant-A and Plant-B) observed chronic corrosion issue with an on-plot piping system that leads to having more piping replacement during the past years. Since it is almost impossible to avoid corrosion, it is becoming more obvious that managing the corrosion level may be the most economical resolution. Corrosion engineers are thus increasingly involved in approximating the cost of their answers to corrosion prevention, and assessing the useful life of the equipment. This case study covers the background of corrosion encountered in piping internally and externally in these two GOSPs. The collected piping replacement data from year of 2011 to 2014 was covered. These data showed the replicate corrosion levels in an on-plot piping system. Also, it is included the total piping replacement with drain lines system and other service lines in plants (Plant-A and Plant-B) at Saudi Aramco facility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20and%20oil%20separation%20plant" title="gas and oil separation plant">gas and oil separation plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-plot%20piping" title=" on-plot piping"> on-plot piping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drain%20lines" title=" drain lines"> drain lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Aramco" title=" Saudi Aramco"> Saudi Aramco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53852/on-plot-piping-corrosion-analysis-for-gas-and-oil-separation-plants-gosps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4989</span> Morphological and Property Rights Control of Plot Pattern in Urban Regeneration: Case Inspiration from Germany and the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Wu">Nan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Liu"> Peng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a morphological element reflecting the land property rights structure, the plot pattern plays a crucial role in shaping the form and quality of the built environment. Therefore, it is one of the core control elements of urban regeneration. As China's urban development mode is shifting from growth-based development to urban regeneration, it is urgent to explore a more refined way for the planning control of the plot pattern, which further promotes the optimization of urban form and land property structure. European and American countries such as Germany and the United States began to deal with the planning control of plot patterns in urban regeneration earlier and established relatively mature methods and mechanisms. Therefore, this paper summarizes two typical scenarios of plot pattern regeneration in old cities in China: the first one is "limited scale plot pattern rezoning", which mainly deals with the regeneration scenario of tearing down the old and building the new, and the focus of its control is to establish an adaptive plot pattern rezoning methodology and mechanism; The second is "localized parcel regeneration under the existing property rights," which mainly deals with the renewal scenario of alteration and addition, and its control focuses on the establishment of control rules for individual plot regeneration. For the two typical plot pattern regeneration scenarios, Germany (Berlin) and the United States (New York) are selected as two international cases with reference significance, and the framework of plot pattern form and property rights control elements of urban regeneration is established from four latitudes, namely, the overall operation mode, form control methods, property rights control methods, and effective implementation prerequisites, so as to compare and analyze the plot pattern control methods of the two countries under different land systems and regeneration backgrounds. Among them, the German construction planning system has formed a more complete technical methodology for block-scale rezoning, and together with the overall urban design, it has created a practical example in the critical redevelopment of the inner city of Berlin. In the United States (New York), the zoning method establishes fine zoning regulations and rules for adjusting development rights based on the morphological indicators plots so as to realize effective control over the regeneration of local plots under the existing property rights pattern. On the basis of summarizing the international experience, we put forward the proposal of plot pattern and property rights control for the organic regeneration of old cities in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plot%20pattern" title="plot pattern">plot pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20regeneration" title=" urban regeneration"> urban regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20morphology" title=" urban morphology"> urban morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20rights" title=" property rights"> property rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20planning" title=" regulatory planning"> regulatory planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185237/morphological-and-property-rights-control-of-plot-pattern-in-urban-regeneration-case-inspiration-from-germany-and-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4988</span> Poincare Plot for Heart Rate Variability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20B.%20Tayel">Mazhar B. Tayel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eslam%20I.%20AlSaba"> Eslam I. AlSaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heart is the most important part in any body organisms. It effects and affected by any factor in the body. Therefore, it is a good detector of any matter in the body. When the heart signal is non-stationary signal, therefore, it should be study its variability. So, the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has attracted considerable attention in psychology, medicine and have become important dependent measure in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Quantification and interpretation of heart rate variability. However, remain complex issues are fraught with pitfalls. This paper presents one of the non-linear techniques to analyze HRV. It discusses 'What Poincare plot is?', 'How it is work?', 'its usage benefits especially in HRV', 'the limitation of Poincare cause of standard deviation SD1, SD2', and 'How overcome this limitation by using complex correlation measure (CCM)'. The CCM is most sensitive to changes in temporal structure of the Poincaré plot as compared to SD1 and SD2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate%20variability" title="heart rate variability">heart rate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20system" title=" chaotic system"> chaotic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poincare" title=" poincare"> poincare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance" title=" variance"> variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation"> standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20correlation%20measure" title=" complex correlation measure"> complex correlation measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35154/poincare-plot-for-heart-rate-variability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4987</span> Analysis of Nutritional Value for Soybean Genotypes Grown in Lesotho</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motlatsi%20Eric%20Morojele">Motlatsi Eric Morojele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moleboheng%20%20Patricia%20Lekota"> Moleboheng Patricia Lekota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulane%20Nkhabutlane"> Pulane Nkhabutlane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motanyane%20Stanley%20Motake"> Motanyane Stanley Motake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soybean was introduced in Lesotho to increase the spectrum of nutritious foods, especially protein, oil and carbohydrates. However, since then, determination of nutritional value has not been performed, hence this study. The objective of the study was to distinguish soybean genotypes on the basis of nutritive value. The experiment was laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 27 treatments (genotypes) and three replications. Compound fertilizer 2:3:2 (22) was broadcasted over the experimental plot at the rate of 250kg ha-1. Dimensions of the main experimental plot were 135m long and 10m wide, with each sub-plot being 4m and 3.6m. Inter-row and intra-row spacing were 0.9m and 0.20m, respectively. Samples of seeds from each plot were taken to the laboratory to analyze protein content, ash, ca, mg, fiber, starch and ether extract. There were significant differences (P>0.05) among 28 soybean genotypes for protein content, acid detergent fiber, calcium, magnesium and ash. The soybean cultivars with the highest amount of protein were P48T48R, PAN 1663 and PAN 155R. High ADF content was expressed by PAN 1521R. LS 6868 exhibited the highest value of 0.788mg calcium, and the cultivars with the highest magnesium were NA 5509 with 1.306mg. PAN 1663, LCD 5.9, DM5302 RS and NS 6448R revealed higher nutritional values than other genotypes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotypes" title="genotypes">genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lesotho" title=" Lesotho"> Lesotho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20analysis" title=" proximate analysis"> proximate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soya-bean" title=" soya-bean"> soya-bean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191595/analysis-of-nutritional-value-for-soybean-genotypes-grown-in-lesotho" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4986</span> Plot Scale Estimation of Crop Biophysical Parameters from High Resolution Satellite Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreedevi%20Moharana">Shreedevi Moharana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subashisa%20Dutta"> Subashisa Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study focuses on the estimation of crop biophysical parameters like crop chlorophyll, nitrogen and water stress at plot scale in the crop fields. To achieve these, we have used high-resolution satellite LISS IV imagery. A new methodology has proposed in this research work, the spectral shape function of paddy crop is employed to get the significant wavelengths sensitive to paddy crop parameters. From the shape functions, regression index models were established for the critical wavelength with minimum and maximum wavelengths of multi-spectrum high-resolution LISS IV data. Moreover, the functional relationships were utilized to develop the index models. From these index models crop, biophysical parameters were estimated and mapped from LISS IV imagery at plot scale in crop field level. The result showed that the nitrogen content of the paddy crop varied from 2-8%, chlorophyll from 1.5-9% and water content variation observed from 40-90% respectively. It was observed that the variability in rice agriculture system in India was purely a function of field topography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20parameters" title="crop parameters">crop parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index%20model" title=" index model"> index model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LISS%20IV%20imagery" title=" LISS IV imagery"> LISS IV imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plot%20scale" title=" plot scale"> plot scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20function" title=" shape function"> shape function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89499/plot-scale-estimation-of-crop-biophysical-parameters-from-high-resolution-satellite-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4985</span> The Construction of the Bridge between Mrs Dalloway and to the Lighthouse: The Combination of Codes and Metaphors in the Structuring of the Plot in the Work of Virginia Woolf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Rosa%20Mucci">María Rosa Mucci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tzvetan Todorov (1971) designs a model of narrative transformation where the plot is constituted by difference and resemblance. This binary opposition is a synthesis of a central figure within narrative discourse: metaphor. Narrative operates as a metaphor since it combines different actions through similarities within a common plot. However, it sounds paradoxical that metonymy and not metaphor should be the key figure within the narrative. It is a metonymy that keeps the movement of actions within the story through syntagmatic relations. By the same token, this articulation of verbs makes it possible for the reader to engage in a dynamic interaction with the text, responding to the plot and mediating meanings with the contradictory external world. As Roland Barthes (1957) points out, there are two codes that are irreversible within the process: the codes of actions and the codes of enigmas. Virginia Woolf constructs her plots through a process of symbolism; a scene is always enduring, not only because it stands for something else but also because it connotes it. The reader is forced to elaborate the meaning at a mythological level beyond the lines. In this research, we follow a qualitative content analysis to code language through the proairetic (actions) and hermeneutic (enigmas) codes in terms of Barthes. There are two novels in particular that engage the reader in this process of construction: Mrs Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927). The bridge from the first to the second brings memories of childhood, allowing for the discovery of these enigmas hidden between the lines. What survives? Who survives? It is the reader's task to unravel these codes and rethink this dialogue between plot and reader to contribute to the predominance of texts and the textuality of narratives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metonymy" title="metonymy">metonymy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code" title=" code"> code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myth" title=" myth"> myth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textuality" title=" textuality"> textuality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182860/the-construction-of-the-bridge-between-mrs-dalloway-and-to-the-lighthouse-the-combination-of-codes-and-metaphors-in-the-structuring-of-the-plot-in-the-work-of-virginia-woolf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4984</span> Inversion of Gravity Data for Density Reconstruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arka%20Roy">Arka Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20Prakash%20Dubey"> Chandra Prakash Dubey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inverse problem generally used for recovering hidden information from outside available data. Vertical component of gravity field we will be going to use for underneath density structure calculation. Ill-posing nature is main obstacle for any inverse problem. Linear regularization using Tikhonov formulation are used for appropriate choice of SVD and GSVD components. For real time data handle, signal to noise ratios should have to be less for reliable solution. In our study, 2D and 3D synthetic model with rectangular grid are used for gravity field calculation and its corresponding inversion for density reconstruction. Fine grid also we have considered to hold any irregular structure. Keeping in mind of algebraic ambiguity factor number of observation point should be more than that of number of data point. Picard plot is represented here for choosing appropriate or main controlling Eigenvalues for a regularized solution. Another important study is depth resolution plot (DRP). DRP are generally used for studying how the inversion is influenced by regularizing or discretizing. Our further study involves real time gravity data inversion of Vredeforte Dome South Africa. We apply our method to this data. The results include density structure is in good agreement with known formation in that region, which puts an additional support of our method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20resolution%20plot" title="depth resolution plot">depth resolution plot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20inversion" title=" gravity inversion"> gravity inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Picard%20plot" title=" Picard plot"> Picard plot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVD" title=" SVD"> SVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tikhonov%20formulation" title=" Tikhonov formulation"> Tikhonov formulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74339/inversion-of-gravity-data-for-density-reconstruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4983</span> Application of Golden Ratio in Contemporary Textile Industry and Its Effect on Consumer Preferences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafia%20Asghar">Rafia Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hafeez"> Abdul Hafeez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to determine the influence of Fibonacci numbers and golden ratio through textile designs. This study was carried out by collecting a variety of designs from different textile industries. Top textile designers were also interviewed regarding golden ratio and its application on their designs and design execution process. This study revealed that most of the designs fulfilled the golden ratio and the designs that were according to golden ratio were more favorite to the consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20ratio" title="golden ratio">golden ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fibonacci%20numbers" title=" Fibonacci numbers"> Fibonacci numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20design" title=" textile design"> textile design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designs" title=" designs"> designs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20347/application-of-golden-ratio-in-contemporary-textile-industry-and-its-effect-on-consumer-preferences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4982</span> Economic of Chickpea Cultivars as Influenced by Sowing Time and Seed Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Bala%20Sethi">Indu Bala Sethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meena%20Sewhag"> Meena Sewhag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar"> Rakesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20Kumar"> Parveen Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiment was conducted at Pulse Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2012-13 to study the economics of chickpea cultivars as influenced by sowing time and seed rate on sandy loam soils under irrigated conditions. The factorial experiment consisting of 24 treatment combinations with two sowing time (1st fortnight of November and 1st fortnight of December.) and four cultivars (H09-23, H08-18, C-235 and HC-1) kept in main plots while three seed rates viz. 40 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1 was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The crop was sown with common row spacing of 30 cm as per the dates of sowing. The fertilizer was applied in the form of di- ammonium phosphate. The soil of the experimental site was deep sandy loam having pH of 7.9, EC of 0.13 dS/m and low in organic carbon (0.34%), low in available N status (193.36 kg ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (32.18 kg ha-1) and high in available K2O (249.67 kg ha-1). The crop was irrigated as and when required so as to maintain adequate soil moisture in the root zone The crop was sprayed with monocrotophos (1.25 l/ha) at initiation of flowering and at pod filling stage to protect the crop from pod borer attack. The yield was measured at the time of harvest. The cost of field preparation, sowing of seeds, thinning, weeding, plant protection, harvesting and cleaning contributed to fixed cost. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two sowing time (1st fortnight of November and 1st fortnight of December.) and four cultivars (H09-23, H08-18, C-235 and HC-1) kept in main plots while three seed rates viz. 40 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1 were kept in subplots and replicated thrice. Results revealed that 1st fortnight of November sowing recorded significantly higher gross (Rs.1, 01,254 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 68,504 ha-1) and BC (3.09) ratio as compared to delayed crop of chickpea. Highest gross (Rs.91826 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 59076ha-1) and BC ratio (2.81) was recorded with H08-18. Higher value of cost of cultivation of chickpea was observed in higher seed rate than the lower ones. However no significant variation in net and gross returns was observed due to seed rates. Highest BC (2.72) ratio was recorded with 50 kg ha-1 which differs significantly from 60 kg ha-1 but was at par with 40 kg ha-1. This is because of higher grain yield obtained with 50 kg ha-1 seed rate. Net profit for farmers growing chickpea with seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 was higher than the farmers growing chickpea with seed rate of 40 and 60 kg ha. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivars" title=" cultivars"> cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20rate" title=" seed rate"> seed rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sowing%20time" title=" sowing time"> sowing time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25507/economic-of-chickpea-cultivars-as-influenced-by-sowing-time-and-seed-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4981</span> Hydrogeochemical Assessment, Evaluation and Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Ore, South-Western, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumuyiwa%20Olusola%20Falowo">Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals is to have sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. In line with this objective, an assessment of groundwater quality was carried out in Odigbo Local Government Area of Ondo State in November – February, 2019 to assess the drinking, domestic and irrigation uses of the water. Samples from 30 randomly selected ground water sources; 16 shallow wells and 14 from boreholes and analyzed using American Public Health Association method for the examination of water and wastewater. Water quality index calculation, and diagrams such as Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram and Wilcox diagram have been used to assess the groundwater in conjunction with irrigation indices such as % sodium, sodium absorption ratio, permeability index, magnesium ratio, Kelly ratio, and electrical conductivity. In addition statistical Principal component analysis were used to determine the homogeneity and source(s) influencing the chemistry of the groundwater. The results show that all the parameters are within the permissible limit of World Health Organization. The physico-chemical analysis of groundwater samples indicates that the dominant major cations are in decreasing order of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and the dominant anions are HCO-3, Cl-, SO-24, NO-3. The values of water quality index varies suggest a Good water (WQI of 50-75) accounts for 70% of the study area. The dominant groundwater facies revealed in this study are the non-carbonate alkali (primary salinity) exceeds 50% (zone 7); and transition zone with no one cation-anion pair exceeds 50% (zone 9), while evaporation; rock–water interaction, and precipitation; and silicate weathering process are the dominant processes in the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater. The study indicates that waters were found within the permissible limits of irrigation indices adopted, and plot on excellent category on Wilcox plot. In conclusion, the water in the study area are good/suitable for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes with low equivalent salinity concentrate and moderate electrical conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20salinity%20concentration" title="equivalent salinity concentration">equivalent salinity concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20quality" title=" groundwater quality"> groundwater quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochemical%20facies" title=" hydrochemical facies"> hydrochemical facies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-rock%20interaction" title=" water-rock interaction"> water-rock interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125141/hydrogeochemical-assessment-evaluation-and-characterization-of-groundwater-quality-in-ore-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4980</span> Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L). Moench) to Soil Amendments and Weeding Regime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Raphael%20Adeyemi">Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oluwaseun%20Osunleti"> Samuel Oluwaseun Osunleti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiddin%20Adekunle%20Bashiruddin"> Abiddin Adekunle Bashiruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of biochar application under different weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra. Treatments were laid out in a split- plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot treatments were three levels of biochar, namely 0t/ha, 10t/ha and 20t/ha while sub-plot treatments consisted of four weeding regimes (weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS, weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, weeding at 3 WAS and weedy check as control). Data collected on growth and yield of okra and weed parameters were subjected to analysis of variance, and treatment means were separated using the least significant difference at p < 0.05. Results showed that biochar applied at 20 t/ha increased okra yield by 47.5% compared to the control. Weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS gave the highest okra yield. Uncontrolled weed infestation throughout crop growth resulted in an 87.3% yield reduction in okra. It is concluded that weed suppression, growth and yield of okra can be enhanced by the application of biochar at 20t/ha and weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS hence recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra" title=" okra"> okra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weeding" title=" weeding"> weeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weed%20competition" title=" weed competition"> weed competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184663/response-of-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus-l-moench-to-soil-amendments-and-weeding-regime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4979</span> Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Yield Improved with Irrigation Scheduling under Salinity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taramani%20%20Yadav">Taramani Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajender%20Kumar"> Gajender Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.K.%20Yadav"> R.K. Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.S.%20Jat"> H.S. Jat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil Salinity and irrigation water salinity is critical threat to enhance agricultural food production to full fill the demand of billion plus people worldwide. Salt affected soils covers 6.73 Mha in India and ~1000 Mha area around the world. Irrigation scheduling of saline water is the way to ensure food security in salt affected areas. Research experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Experimental Farm, Nain, Haryana, India with 36 treatment combinations in double split plot design. Three sets of treatments consisted of (i) three regimes of irrigation viz., 60, 80 and 100% (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) of crop ETc (crop evapotranspiration at identified respective stages) in main plot; (ii) four levels of irrigation water salinity (sub plot treatments) viz., 2, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1 (iii) applications of two PBRs along with control (without PBRs) i.e. salicylic acid (G1; 1 mM) and thiourea (G2; 500 ppm) as sub-sub plot treatments. Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was increased with less amount of high salt loaded irrigation water at the same level of salinity (2 dS m-1), the trend was I3>I2>I1 at 2 dS m-1 with 8.10 and 17.07% increase at 80 and 100% ETc, respectively compared to 60% ETc. But contrary results were obtained by increasing amount of irrigation water at same level of highest salinity (12 dS m-1) showing following trend; I1>I2>I3 at 12 dS m-1 with 9.35 and 12.26% increase at 80 and 60% ETc compared to 100% ETc. Enhancement in grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is not need to increase amount of irrigation water under saline condition, with salty irrigation water less amount of irrigation water gave the maximum wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salinity" title=" Salinity"> Salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wheat" title=" Wheat"> Wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yield" title=" Yield"> Yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123895/wheat-triticum-aestivum-yield-improved-with-irrigation-scheduling-under-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4978</span> Evolution of Structure and Magnetic Behavior by Pr Doping in SrRuO3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renu%20Gupta">Renu Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashim%20K.%20Pramanik"> Ashim K. Pramanik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report the evolution of structure and magnetic properties in perovskite ruthenates Sr1-xPrxRuO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.1). Our main expectations, to induce the structural modification and change the Ru charge state by Pr doping at Sr site. By the Pr doping on Sr site retains orthorhombic structure while we find a minor change in structural parameters. The SrRuO3 have itinerant type of ferromagnetism with ordering temperature ~160 K. By Pr doping, the magnetic moment decrease and ZFC show three distinct peaks (three transition temperature; TM1, TM2 and TM3). Further analysis of magnetization of both samples, at high temperature follow modified CWL and Pr doping gives Curie temperature ~ 129 K which is close to TM2. Above TM2 to TM3, the inverse susceptibility shows upward deviation from CW behavior, indicating the existence AFM like clustered in this regime. The low-temperature isothermal magnetization M (H) shows moment decreases by Pr doping. The Arrott plot gives spontaneous magnetization (Ms) which also decreases by Pr doping. The evolution of Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio increases which suggests the FM in this system evolves toward the itinerant type by Pr doping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=itinerant%20ferromagnet" title="itinerant ferromagnet">itinerant ferromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perovskite%20structure" title=" Perovskite structure"> Perovskite structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruthenates" title=" Ruthenates"> Ruthenates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhodes-Wohlfarth%20ratio" title=" Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio"> Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69743/evolution-of-structure-and-magnetic-behavior-by-pr-doping-in-srruo3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4977</span> Triticum Aestivum Yield Enhanced with Irrigation Scheduling Strategy under Salinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taramani%20%20Yadav">Taramani Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajender%20Kumar"> Gajender Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Yadav"> R. K. Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Jat"> H. S. Jat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil Salinity and irrigation water salinity is critical threat to enhance agricultural food production to full fill the demand of billion plus people worldwide. Salt affected soils covers 6.73 Mha in India and ~1000 Mha area around the world. Irrigation scheduling of saline water is the way to ensure food security in salt affected areas. Research experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Experimental Farm, Nain, Haryana, India with 36 treatment combinations in double split plot design. Three sets of treatments consisted of (i) three regimes of irrigation viz., 60, 80 and 100% (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) of crop ETc (crop evapotranspiration at identified respective stages) in main plot; (ii) four levels of irrigation water salinity (sub plot treatments) viz., 2, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1 (iii) applications of two PBRs along with control (without PBRs) i.e. salicylic acid (G1; 1 mM) and thiourea (G2; 500 ppm) as sub-sub plot treatments. Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was increased with less amount of high salt loaded irrigation water at the same level of salinity (2 dS m-1), the trend was I3>I2>I1 at 2 dS m-1 with 8.10 and 17.07% increase at 80 and 100% ETc, respectively compared to 60% ETc. But contrary results were obtained by increasing amount of irrigation water at same level of highest salinity (12 dS m-1) showing following trend; I1>I2>I3 at 12 dS m-1 with 9.35 and 12.26% increase at 80 and 60% ETc compared to 100% ETc. Enhancement in grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is not need to increase amount of irrigation water under saline condition, with salty irrigation water less amount of irrigation water gave the maximum wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irrigation%20Scheduling" title="Irrigation Scheduling">Irrigation Scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saline%20Environment" title=" Saline Environment"> Saline Environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triticum%20aestivum" title=" Triticum aestivum"> Triticum aestivum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yield" title=" Yield"> Yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123899/triticum-aestivum-yield-enhanced-with-irrigation-scheduling-strategy-under-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4976</span> The Influence of Feedgas Ratio on the Ethene Hydroformylation using Rh-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Supported by Reduced Graphene Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianli%20Chang">Jianli Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusheng%20Zhang"> Yusheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yali%20Yao"> Yali Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Hildebrandt"> Diane Hildebrandt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinying%20Liu"> Xinying Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of feed-gas ratio on the ethene hydroformylation over an Rh-Co bimetallic catalyst supported by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been investigated in a tubular fixed bed reactor. Argon was used as balance gas when the feed-gas ratio was changed, which can keep the partial pressure of the other two kinds of gas constant while the ratio of one component in feed-gas was changed. First, the effect of single-component gas ratio on the performance of ethene hydroformylation was studied one by one (H₂, C₂H₄ and CO). Then an optimized ratio was found to obtain a high selectivity to C₃ oxygenates. The results showed that: (1) 0.5%Rh-20%Co/RGO is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for ethene hydroformylation. (2) H₂ and CO have a more significant influence than C₂H₄ on selectivity to oxygenates. (3) A lower H₂ ratio and a higher CO ratio in feed-gas can lead to a higher selectivity to oxygenates. (4) The highest selectivity to oxygenates, 61.70%, was obtained at the feed-gas ratio CO: C₂H₄: H₂ = 4: 2: 1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethene%20hydroformylation" title="ethene hydroformylation">ethene hydroformylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title=" reduced graphene oxide"> reduced graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodium%20cobalt%20bimetallic%20catalyst" title=" rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst"> rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20effect%20of%20feed-gas%20ratio" title=" the effect of feed-gas ratio"> the effect of feed-gas ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368/the-influence-of-feedgas-ratio-on-the-ethene-hydroformylation-using-rh-co-bimetallic-catalyst-supported-by-reduced-graphene-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4975</span> The Simple Two-Step Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Transferring Process for High Aspect Ratio Microstructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaoxi%20Wang">Shaoxi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Rezai"> Pouya Rezai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High aspect ratio is the necessary parts of complex microstructures. Some methods available to achieve high aspect ratio requires expensive materials or complex process; others is difficult to research simple high aspect ratio structures. The paper presents a simple and cheap two-step Polydimethylsioxane (PDMS) transferring process to get high aspect ratio single pillars, which only requires covering the PDMS mold with Brij@52 surface solution. The experimental results demonstrate the method efficiency and effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title="high aspect ratio">high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brij" title=" Brij"> Brij</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756/the-simple-two-step-polydimethylsiloxane-pdms-transferring-process-for-high-aspect-ratio-microstructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4974</span> Direct Electrophoretic Deposition of Hierarchical Structured Electrode Supercapacitor Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhen-Ting%20Huang">Jhen-Ting Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chia%20Chang"> Chia-Chia Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu-Cheng%20Weng"> Hu-Cheng Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Ya%20Lo"> An-Ya Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Co3O4-CNT-Graphene composite electrode was deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method, where micro polystyrene spheres (PSs) were added for co-deposition. Applied with heat treatment, a hierarchical porosity is left in the electrode which is beneficial for supercapacitor application. In terms of charge and discharge performance, we discussed the optimal CNT/Graphene ratio, macroporous ratio, and the effect of Co3O4 addition on electrode capacitance. For materials characterization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and BET were applied, while cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) measurements, and Ragone plot were applied as in-situ analyses. Based on this, the effects of PS amount on the structure, porosity and their effect on capacitance of the electrodes were investigated. Finally, the full device performance was examined with charge-discharge and electron impedance spectrum (EIS) methods. The results show that the EPD coating with hierarchical porosity was successfully demonstrated in this study. As a result, the capacitance was greatly enhanced by 2.6 times with the hierarchical structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title="supercapacitor">supercapacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocarbon%20tub" title=" nanocarbon tub"> nanocarbon tub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide" title=" metal oxide"> metal oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107788/direct-electrophoretic-deposition-of-hierarchical-structured-electrode-supercapacitor-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4973</span> Optical Emission Studies of Laser Produced Lead Plasma: Measurements of Transition Probabilities of the 6P7S → 6P2 Transitions Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Iqbal">Javed Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ahmed"> R. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Baig"> M. A. Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present new data on the optical emission spectra of the laser produced lead plasma using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (pulse energy 400 mJ, pulse width 5 ns, 10 Hz repetition rate) in conjunction with a set of miniature spectrometers covering the spectral range from 200 nm to 720 nm. Well resolved structure due to the 6p7s → 6p2 transition array of neutral lead and a few multiplets of singly ionized lead have been observed. The electron temperatures have been calculated in the range (9000 - 10800) ± 500 K using four methods; two line ratio, Boltzmann plot, Saha-Boltzmann plot and Morrata method whereas, the electron number densities have been determined in the range (2.0 – 8.0) ± 0.6 ×1016 cm-3 using the Stark broadened line profiles of neutral lead lines, singly ionized lead lines and hydrogen Hα-line. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a number of neutral and singly ionized lead lines have been extracted by the Lorentzian fit to the experimentally observed line profiles. Furthermore, branching fractions have been deduced for eleven lines of the 6p7s → 6p2 transition array in lead whereas the absolute values of the transition probabilities have been calculated by combining the experimental branching fractions with the life times of the excited levels The new results are compared with the existing data showing a good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIBS" title="LIBS">LIBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20parameters" title=" plasma parameters"> plasma parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20probabilities" title=" transition probabilities"> transition probabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20fractions" title=" branching fractions"> branching fractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stark%20width" title=" stark width"> stark width</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57111/optical-emission-studies-of-laser-produced-lead-plasma-measurements-of-transition-probabilities-of-the-6p7s-6p2-transitions-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4972</span> The Road to Tunable Structures: Comparison of Experimentally Characterised and Numerical Modelled Auxetic Perforated Sheet Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthur%20Thirion">Arthur Thirion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Auxetic geometries allow the generation of a negative Poisson ratio (NPR) in conventional materials. This behaviour allows materials to have certain improved mechanical properties, including impact resistance and altered synclastic behaviour. This means these structures have significant potential when it comes to applications as chronic wound dressings. To this end, 6 different "perforated sheet" structure types were 3D printed. These structures all had variations of key geometrical features included cell length and angle. These were tested in compression and tension to assess their Poisson ratio. Both a positive and negative Poisson ratio was generated by the structures depending on the loading. The a/b ratio followed by θ has been shown to impact the Poisson ratio significantly. There is still a significant discrepancy between modelled and observed behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic%20materials" title="auxetic materials">auxetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20Poisson%27s%20ratio" title=" negative Poisson's ratio"> negative Poisson's ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20Poisson%27s%20ratio" title=" tunable Poisson's ratio"> tunable Poisson's ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144046/the-road-to-tunable-structures-comparison-of-experimentally-characterised-and-numerical-modelled-auxetic-perforated-sheet-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4971</span> Enhanced Methane Production from Waste Paper through Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Macroalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Rodriguez">Cristina Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abed%20Alaswad"> Abed Alaswad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20El-Hassan"> Zaki El-Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20G.%20Olabi"> Abdul G. Olabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effect on methane production from the waste paper when co-digested with macroalgal biomass as a source of nitrogen. Both feedstocks were previously mechanically pretreated in order to reduce their particle size. Methane potential assays were carried out at laboratory scale in batch mode for 28 days. The study was planned according to two factors: the feedstock to inoculum (F/I) ratio and the waste paper to macroalgae (WP/MA) ratio. The F/I ratios checked were 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 and the WP/MA ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0. The highest methane yield (608 ml/g of volatile solids (VS)) was achieved at an F/I ratio of 0.2 and a WP/MA ratio of 50:50. The methane yield at a ratio WP/MA of 50:50 is higher than for single compound, while for ratios WP/MA of 25:75 and 75:25 the methane yield decreases compared to biomass mono-digestion. This behavior is observed for the three levels of F/I ratio being more noticeable at F/I ratio of 0.3. A synergistic effect was found for the WP/MA ratio of 50:50 and all F/I ratios and for WP/MA=50:50 and F/I=0.2. A maximum increase of methane yield of 49.58% was found for a co-digestion ratio of 50:50 and an F/I ratio of 0.4. It was concluded that methane production from waste paper improves significantly when co-digested with macroalgae biomass. The methane yields from co-digestion were also found higher that from macroalgae mono-digestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20co-digestion" title="anaerobic co-digestion">anaerobic co-digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroalgae" title=" macroalgae"> macroalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20paper" title=" waste paper"> waste paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64720/enhanced-methane-production-from-waste-paper-through-anaerobic-co-digestion-with-macroalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4970</span> Effect of Si/Al Ratio on SSZ-13 Crystallization and Its Methanol-To-Olefins Catalytic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqiang%20Xu">Zhiqiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were prepared by varying the composition of aluminosilicate precursor solutions upon hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C. The Si/Al ratio of the initial system was systematically changed from 12.5 to infinity in order to study the limits of Al composition in precursor solutions for constructing CHA structure. The intermediates and final products were investigated by complementary techniques such as XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, and chemical analysis. NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD was used to study the Brønsted acidity of SSZ-13 samples with different Si/Al ratios. The effect of the Si/Al ratio on the precursor species, ultimate crystal size, morphology and yield was investigated. The results revealed that Al species determine the nucleation rate and the number of nuclei, which is tied to the morphology and yield of SSZ-13. The size of SSZ-13 increased and the yield decreased as the Si/Al ratio was improved. Varying Si/Al ratio of the initial system is a facile, commercially viable method of tailoring SSZ-13 crystal size and morphology. Furthermore, SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were tested as catalysts for the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction at 350 °C. SSZ-13 with the Si/Al ratio of 35 shows the best MTO catalytic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title="crystallization">crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTO" title=" MTO"> MTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%2FAl%20ratio" title=" Si/Al ratio"> Si/Al ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSZ-13" title=" SSZ-13"> SSZ-13</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128/effect-of-sial-ratio-on-ssz-13-crystallization-and-its-methanol-to-olefins-catalytic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4969</span> The Determination of Sodium/Potassium Ion Ratio in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in North-Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20D.%20Uzoh">Raymond D. Uzoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20K.%20Shallsuku"> Philip K. Shallsuku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Vaachia"> Christopher S. Vaachia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selected edible leafy vegetables from North-eastern Nigeria were analysed for their sodium and potassium content in mg/100 g and the ratio Na+/K+ worked out. From experimental results, Venonia amydalina (bitter leaf) contained 150 mg (0.15 g) of sodium and 20500 mg (20.5 g) potassium with a ratio of 0.007, Brassica oleracea var capitata (cabbage) contained 300 mg (0.3 g) of sodium and 19000 mg (19 g) of potassium with a ration of 0.012. Others are Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) with 400 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 19500 mg (19.5 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020; Hibiscus sabdriffa (sorrel) has 200 mg (0.2 g) of sodium and 600 mg (0.6 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.300; and Amarantus caudatus (spinach) contained 450 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 23000 mg (23 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020. The presence of sodium and potassium in foods has become increasingly important as recent studies and dietary information gathered in this research has shown that sodium intake is not the sole consideration in elevated blood pressure but its considered as a ratio Na+/K+ fixed at 0.6. This ratio has been found to be a more important factor, suggesting that our diet should contain 67 % more potassium than sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title="vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foods" title=" foods "> foods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091/the-determination-of-sodiumpotassium-ion-ratio-in-selected-edible-leafy-vegetables-in-north-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4968</span> Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Agricultural Use in the Jeloula Basin, Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intissar%20Farid">Intissar Farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater quality assessment is crucial for sustainable water use, especially in semi-arid regions like the Jeloula basin in Tunisia, where groundwater is essential for domestic and agricultural needs. The present research aims to characterize the suitability of groundwater for irrigational purposes by considering various parameters: total salt concentration as measured by Electrical Conductivity EC, relative proportions of Na⁺ as expressed by %Na and SAR, Kelly’s ratio, Permeability Index, Magnesium hazard and Residual Sodium chloride. Chemical data indicate that the percent sodium (%Na) in the study area ranged from 26.3 to 45.3%. According to the Wilcox diagram, the quality classification of irrigation water suggests that analyzed groundwaters are suitable for irrigation purposes. The SAR values vary between 2.1 and 5. Most of the groundwater samples plot in the Richards’C3S1 water class and indicate little danger from sodium content to soil and plant growth. The Kelly’s ratio of the analyzed samples ranged from 0.3 to 0.8. These values indicate that the waters are fit for agricultural purposes. Magnesium hazard (MH) values range from 27.5 to 52.6, with an average of 38.9 in the analyzed waters. Hence, the Mg²⁺ content of the groundwater from the shallow aquifer cannot cause any problem to the soil permeability. Permeability index (PI) values computed for the area ranged from 33.6 to 52.7%. The above result, therefore, suggests that most of the water samples fall within class I of the Doneen chart and can be categorized as good irrigation water. The groundwaters collected from the Jeloula shallow aquifer were found to be within the safe limits and thus suitable for irrigation purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%27s%20ratio" title="Kelly's ratio">Kelly's ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20hazard" title=" magnesium hazard"> magnesium hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20index" title=" permeability index"> permeability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20sodium%20chloride" title=" residual sodium chloride"> residual sodium chloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190237/groundwater-quality-and-its-suitability-for-agricultural-use-in-the-jeloula-basin-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4967</span> Comparative Study of Arch Bridges with Varying Rise to Span Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Kumar%20Sinha"> Arnab Kumar Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study of Arch bridges based on their varying rise to span ratio. The comparison is done between different steel Arch bridges which have variable span length and rise to span ratio keeping the same support condition. The aim of our present study is to select the optimum value of rise to span ratio of Arch bridge as the cost of the Arch bridge increases with the increasing of the rise. In order to fulfill the objective, several rise to span ratio have been considered for same span of Arch bridge and various structural parameters such as Bending moment, shear force etc have been calculated for different model. A comparative study has been done for several Arch bridges finally to select the optimum rise to span ratio of the Arch bridges. In the present study, Finite Element model for medium to long span, with different rise to span ratio have been modeled and are analyzed with the help of a Computational Software named MIDAS Civil to evaluate the results such as Bending moments, Shear force, displacements, Stresses, influence line diagrams, critical loads. In the present study, 60 models of Arch bridges for 80 to 120 m span with different rise to span ratio has been thoroughly investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch%20bridge" title="arch bridge">arch bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rise%20to%20span%20ratio" title=" rise to span ratio"> rise to span ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463/comparative-study-of-arch-bridges-with-varying-rise-to-span-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4966</span> The Cut-Off Value of TG/HDL Ratio of High Pericardial Adipose Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam-Seok%20Joo">Nam-Seok Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Da-Eun%20Jung"> Da-Eun Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beom-Hee%20Choi"> Beom-Hee Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Recently, the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotine cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) has gained attention as an indicator related to metabolic syndrome (MS). To date, there has been no research on the relationship between TG/HDL and PAT, we aimed to investigate the association between the TG/HDL and PAT. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 627 patients who underwent coronary multidetector computed tomography and metabolic parameters. We divided subjects into two groups according to the cut-off PAT volume associated with MS, which is 142.2 cm³, and we compared metabolic parameters between those groups. We divided the TG/HDL ratio into tertiles according to Log(TG/HDL) and compared PAT-related parameters by analysis of variance. Finally, we applied logistic regression analysis to obtain the odds ratio of high PAT (PAT volume≥142.2 cm³) in each tertile, and we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to get the cut-off of TG/HDL ratio according to high PAT. Results: The mean TG/ HDL ratio of the high PAT volume group was 3.6, and TG/ HDL ratio had a strong positive correlation with various metabolic parameters. In addition, in the Log (TG/HDL) tertile groups, the higher tertile had more metabolic derangements, including PAT, and showed higher odds ratios of having high PAT (OR=4.10 in the second tertile group and OR=5.06 in their third tertile group, respectively) after age, sex, smoking adjustments. TG/HDL ratio according to the having increased PAT by ROC curve showed 1.918 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: TG/HDL ratio and high PAT volume have a significant positive correlation, and higher TG/HDL ratio showed high PAT. The cut-off value of the TG/HDL ratio was 1.918 to have a high PAT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triglyceride" title="triglyceride">triglyceride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-density%20lipoprotein" title=" high-density lipoprotein"> high-density lipoprotein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pericardial%20adipose%20tissue" title=" pericardial adipose tissue"> pericardial adipose tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut-off%20value" title=" cut-off value"> cut-off value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192981/the-cut-off-value-of-tghdl-ratio-of-high-pericardial-adipose-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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