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</a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical and geographical region of Greece. For the ancient region, see <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Ancient Thessaly</a>. For the Vertigo Comics character, see <a href="/wiki/Thessaly_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaly (comics)">Thessaly (comics)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Thessalia" redirects here. For the namesake butterfly genus, see <a href="/wiki/Chlosyne" title="Chlosyne">Chlosyne</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Thessalian" redirects here. For the ancient Thessalian dialect, see <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic Greek</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Thessaly (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈθɛsəli/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">THESS-ə-lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Θεσσαλία, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Thessalía <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[θesaˈli.a]</a>; ancient <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek#Thessalian" title="Aeolic Greek">Thessalian</a>: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">geographic</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">administrative region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, comprising most of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">ancient region</a> of the same name. Before the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a>, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears thus in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Thessaly</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Θεσσαλία (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Administrative region of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_geographic_divisions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional geographic divisions of Greece">Traditional region of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Thessalia_in_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thessaly within Greece"><img alt="Thessaly within Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessalia_in_Greece.svg/250px-Thessalia_in_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessalia_in_Greece.svg/375px-Thessalia_in_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessalia_in_Greece.svg/500px-Thessalia_in_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Thessaly within Greece</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thessaly&params=39.6_N_22.2_E_type:city(688255)_region:GR">39°36′N 22°12′E / 39.6°N 22.2°E / 39.6; 22.2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decentralized Administration</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Thessaly_and_Central_Greece" title="Decentralized Administration of Thessaly and Central Greece">Thessaly and Central Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cession</th><td class="infobox-data">1881</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Port city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Karditsa_(regional_unit)" title="Karditsa (regional unit)">Karditsa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Larissa_(regional_unit)" title="Larissa (regional unit)">Larissa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_(regional_unit)" title="Magnesia (regional unit)">Magnesia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Trikala_(regional_unit)" title="Trikala (regional unit)">Trikala</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitris_Kouretas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitris Kouretas (page does not exist)">Dimitris Kouretas</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Δημήτρης Κουρέτας">el</a>] (<a href="/wiki/PASOK_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_Change" title="PASOK – Movement for Change">PASOK – Movement for Change</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,036.64 km2 (5,419.58 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-2021census-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">688,255</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">49/km2 (130/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thessalian" class="extiw" title="wikt:Thessalian">Thessalian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€9.337 billion (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">GR-E</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.880<a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>very high · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Greek regions by Human Development Index">4th of 13</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pthes.gov.gr/">www.pthes.gov.gr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Thessaly <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">became part</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Greek state">modern Greek state</a> in 1881, after four and a half centuries of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman rule</a>. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 <a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">regions</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and is further (since the <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallikratis reform">Kallikratis reform</a> of 2011) sub-divided into five <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> and 25 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Greece">municipalities</a>. The capital of the region is <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central Greece</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the <a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a> islands. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name_and_etymology">1 Name and etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mythology">2 Mythology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#History">3 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ancient_history">3.1 Ancient history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Byzantine_period">3.2 Byzantine period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Late_Medieval_period">3.3 Late Medieval period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ottoman_period">3.4 Ottoman period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Modern">3.5 Modern</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Climate">4.1 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Demographics">5 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Language">5.1 Language</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Major_settlements">6 Major settlements</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Economy">7 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Transport">8 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Administration">9 Administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Ancient_coinage">10 Ancient coinage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Popular_Culture">11 Popular Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">13 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Sources">14 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name_and_etymology">Name and etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Thessaly is named after the Thessaloi, an <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">ancient Greek tribe</a>. The meaning of the name of this tribe is unknown, and many theories have been made about its etymology. According to the Dutch linguist <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Robert S. P. Beekes</a>, the name predates Greek presence in the region and could come from the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek</a> form reconstructed as *Kʷʰeťťal-.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The Greek linguist <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Babiniotis" title="Georgios Babiniotis">Georgios Babiniotis</a> also assigns the origin of the name of the Thessalians to pre-Greek times, although he does not try to explain its etymology.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a> it is referred to as Tesalia.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s epic, the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>, the hero <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> visited Aeolia, the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Aeolus_(son_of_Hellen)" title="Aeolus (son of Hellen)">Aeolus</a>, which was the old name for Thessaly.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The Plain of Thessaly, which lies between <a href="/wiki/Mount_Oeta" title="Mount Oeta">Mount Oeta</a>/Othrys and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>, was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Titanomachy" title="Titanomachy">battle</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a> launched their search for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a> from the Magnesia Peninsula. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Thessaly" title="History of Thessaly">History of Thessaly</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thessaly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessaly.jpg/220px-Thessaly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="806"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 198px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessaly.jpg/220px-Thessaly.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessaly.jpg/330px-Thessaly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thessaly.jpg/440px-Thessaly.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of ancient Thessaly</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1,_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg/220px-%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg/220px-%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg/330px-%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg/440px-%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%2C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/First_Ancient_Theatre,_Larissa" title="First Ancient Theatre, Larissa">first ancient theatre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>. It was constructed inside the ancient city's centre during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II Gonatas</a> towards the end of the 3rd century BC. The theatre was in use for six centuries, until the end of the 3rd century AD</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Ancient Thessaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman Greece</a></div> Thessaly was home to extensive <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> cultures around 6000–2500 BC (see <a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium pottery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimini" title="Dimini">Dimini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a>). <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a> settlements have also been discovered, for example at the sites of <a href="/wiki/Iolcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Iolcos">Iolcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimini" title="Dimini">Dimini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a>). In Archaic and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a> times, the lowlands of Thessaly became the home of baronial families, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aleuadae" title="Aleuadae">Aleuadae</a> of <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> or the Scopads of Crannon. In the summer of 480 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">invaded Thessaly</a>. The Greek army that guarded the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Tempe" title="Vale of Tempe">Vale of Tempe</a> was alerted by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Macedon" title="Alexander I of Macedon">Alexander I of Macedon</a> and evacuated the road before the enemy arrived. Not much later, Thessaly surrendered to the Persians.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The Thessalian family of <a href="/wiki/Aleuadae" title="Aleuadae">Aleuadae</a> joined the Persians subsequently. The following year, the Persians were decisively defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plataea" title="Battle of Plataea">Battle of Plataea</a> and withdrew from all of their European possessions, including Thessaly.<a href="#cite_note-RoismanWorthington2010-11">[11]</a> In the 4th century BC, after the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a> had long ended, <a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Pherae" title="Jason of Pherae">Jason of Pherae</a> transformed the region into a significant military power, recalling the glory of Early Archaic times. Shortly after, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> was appointed Archon of Thessaly, and Thessaly was thereafter associated with the Macedonian Kingdom for the next centuries. Thessaly later became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> as part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a>; when that was broken up, the name resurfaced in two of its late Roman successor provinces: <a href="/wiki/Thessalia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia Prima">Thessalia Prima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thessalia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia Secunda">Thessalia Secunda</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Byzantine period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD,_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg/220px-59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg/220px-59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg/330px-59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg/440px-59._%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%2C_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9_GR-E44-0002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Part of the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Trikala_Castle" title="Trikala Castle">castle</a> of Trikala</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MakElassona04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MakElassona04.jpg/180px-MakElassona04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="3236"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 276px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MakElassona04.jpg/180px-MakElassona04.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MakElassona04.jpg/270px-MakElassona04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MakElassona04.jpg/360px-MakElassona04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Panagia_Olympiotissa_Monastery" title="Panagia Olympiotissa Monastery">Panagia Olympiotissa Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elassona" title="Elassona">Elassona</a></figcaption></figure> Thessaly remained part of the East Roman "Byzantine" Empire after the collapse of Roman power in the west, and subsequently suffered many invasions, such as by the Slavic tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Belegezites" title="Belegezites">Belegezites</a> in the 7th century AD.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a> had arrived in Europe in the late 550s.<a href="#cite_note-Fine83-13">[13]</a>: 29 They asserted their authority over many Slavs, who were divided into numerous petty tribes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199130-14">[14]</a> Many Slavs were galvanized into an effective infantry force, by the Avars. In the 7th century the Avar-Slav alliance began to raid the Byzantine Empire, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(617)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (617)">laying siege</a> to Thessalonica and even the imperial capital <a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> itself. By the 8th century, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> had occupied most of the Balkans from Austria to the Peloponnese, and from the Adriatic to the Black seas, with the exception of the coastal areas and certain mountainous regions of the Greek peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199136-15">[15]</a> Relations between the Slavs and Greeks were probably peaceful apart from the (supposed) initial settlement and intermittent uprisings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199163-16">[16]</a> Being agriculturalists, the Slavs probably traded with the Greeks inside towns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199161-17">[17]</a> It is likely that the re-<a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a> had already begun by way of this contact. This process would be completed by a newly reinvigorated Byzantine Empire. With the abatement of <a href="/wiki/Arab-Byzantine_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Byzantine Wars">Arab-Byzantine Wars</a>, the Byzantine Empire began to consolidate its power in those areas of mainland Greece occupied by Proto-Slavic tribes. Following the campaigns of the Byzantine general <a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(eunuch)" title="Staurakios (eunuch)">Staurakios</a> in 782–783, the Byzantine Empire recovered Thessaly, taking many Slavs as prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199179-18">[18]</a> Apart from military expeditions against Slavs, the re-Hellenization process begun under Nicephorus I involved (often forcible) transfer of peoples.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199181-19">[19]</a> Many Slavs were moved to other parts of the empire such as Anatolia and made to serve in the military.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199166-20">[20]</a> In return, many Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor were brought to the interior of Greece, to increase the number of defenders at the Emperor's disposal and dilute the concentration of Slavs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199182-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Medieval_period">Late Medieval period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late Medieval period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Great_Vlachia" title="Great Vlachia">Great Vlachia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Neopatria">Duchy of Neopatria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="950"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Duchy_of_Neopatria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatras" title="Duchy of Neopatras">Duchy of Neopatras</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 977 Byzantine Thessaly was raided by the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a>. In 1066 dissatisfaction with the taxation policy led the Aromanian and Bulgarian population of Thessaly to revolt against the Byzantine Empire under the leadership of a local lord, <a href="/wiki/Nikoulitzas_Delphinas" title="Nikoulitzas Delphinas">Nikoulitzas Delphinas</a>. The revolt, which began in <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>, soon expanded to <a href="/wiki/Trikala" title="Trikala">Trikala</a> and later northwards to the Byzantine-Bulgarian border.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991216-22">[22]</a> In 1199–1201 another unsuccessful revolt was led by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Kamytzes" title="Manuel Kamytzes">Manuel Kamytzes</a>, son-in-law of Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a>, with the support of <a href="/wiki/Dobromir_Chrysos" title="Dobromir Chrysos">Dobromir Chrysos</a>, the autonomous ruler of <a href="/wiki/Prosek,_North_Macedonia" title="Prosek, North Macedonia">Prosek</a>. Kamytzes managed to establish a short-lived principality in northern Thessaly, before he was overcome by an imperial expedition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199432-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dodwell_Pherae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dodwell_Pherae.jpg/220px-Dodwell_Pherae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="1185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dodwell_Pherae.jpg/220px-Dodwell_Pherae.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dodwell_Pherae.jpg/330px-Dodwell_Pherae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dodwell_Pherae.jpg/440px-Dodwell_Pherae.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>"The Hyperian Fountain at <a href="/wiki/Pherae" title="Pherae">Pherae</a>", during the Ottoman era, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dodwell" title="Edward Dodwell">Edward Dodwell</a>.</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1204)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Constantinople (1204)">siege of Constantinople</a> and the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> in April 1204, Thessaly passed to <a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Boniface of Montferrat">Boniface of Montferrat</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a> in the wider context of the <a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankokratia</a>. With his Greek ties, Boniface won the support of the Greek population and of various important Greek families.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199463-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199464-25">[25]</a> In 1212, <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael I Komnenos Doukas">Michael I Komnenos Doukas</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>, led his troops into Thessaly. Larissa and much of central Thessaly came under Epirote rule, thereby separating Thessalonica from the Crusader principalities in southern Greece.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199468-26">[26]</a> Michael's work was completed by his half-brother and successor, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Theodore Komnenos Doukas">Theodore Komnenos Doukas</a>, who by 1220 completed the recovery of the entire region, and assigned <a href="/wiki/Pronoia" title="Pronoia">pronoiai</a> to aristocratic Greek families.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994114-27">[27]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thessalia-flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Thessalia-flag.jpg/160px-Thessalia-flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="129"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Thessalia-flag.jpg/160px-Thessalia-flag.jpg" data-width="160" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Thessalia-flag.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>One of the flags used in Thessaly during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (designed by <a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a>).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Vlachs" title="Vlachs">Vlachs</a> (Aromanians) of Thessaly (originally a chiefly <a href="/wiki/Transhumant" class="mw-redirect" title="Transhumant">transhumant</a> <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance-speaking</a> population)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19912183-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19912184-29">[29]</a> first appear in Byzantine sources in the 11th century, in the <a href="/wiki/Strategikon_of_Kekaumenos" title="Strategikon of Kekaumenos">Strategikon of Kekaumenos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alexiad" title="Alexiad">Alexiad</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19912183-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19912184-29">[29]</a> In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a> records the existence of the district of "Vlachia" near <a href="/wiki/Halmyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Halmyros">Halmyros</a> in eastern Thessaly, while the Byzantine historian <a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a> places "<a href="/wiki/Great_Vlachia" title="Great Vlachia">Great Vlachia</a>" (Aromanian: Vlãhia Mari) near <a href="/wiki/Meteora" title="Meteora">Meteora</a>. The term is also used by the 13th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a>, and it appears as a distinct administrative unit in 1276, when the <a href="/wiki/Pinkernes" title="Pinkernes">pinkernes</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Komnenos_Raoul" title="Manuel Komnenos Raoul">Raoul Komnenos</a> was its governor (<a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">kephale</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19912183-28">[28]</a> From 1271 to 1318 Thessaly was an independent despotate that extended to <a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>, run by the dynasty founded by <a href="/wiki/John_I_Doukas" class="mw-redirect" title="John I Doukas">John I Doukas</a>. John ruled from 1271 until his death in 1289 and was succeeded by his sons Constantine and Theodore. At this time, Thessaly came under Byzantine suzerainty, though it largely retained its independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994235-30">[30]</a> After Constatine's death in 1303, it was ruled by <a href="/wiki/John_II_Doukas" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Doukas">John II Doukas</a> until his death in 1318. From 1306 to 1310, the <a href="/wiki/Almogavars" title="Almogavars">Almogavars</a> or <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Company" title="Catalan Company">Catalan Company</a> of the East (Societas Catalanorum Magna), plundered Thessaly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994241-31">[31]</a> In 1310, they occupied a series of forts in the south.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994241-31">[31]</a> From there they departed to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a>, called by the duke <a href="/wiki/Gautier_V,_Count_of_Brienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautier V, Count of Brienne">Walter I</a>, whom they eventually killed in battle and took over the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994242-32">[32]</a> In 1318, with the death of John II, Thessalian independence came to an end, and the Almogavars occupied Siderokastron and southern Thessaly (1319) and formed the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Neopatria">Duchy of Neopatria</a>. The other parts of Thessaly either came under Byzantine rule or were ruled by their own nobility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994243-33">[33]</a> These local magnates eventually started fighting amongst themselves. Those in the south, such as the Melissenos family of Volos, sought the help of the Catalans, while those in the north, such as the Gavrilopoulos family of Trikala, turned towards Byzantium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994243-33">[33]</a> At this time, some of Thessaly's ports came under Venetian rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994247-34">[34]</a> In 1332, most of Thessaly was taken by the Byzantines following a campaign by <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Paleologos" class="mw-redirect" title="Andronikos III Paleologos">Andronikos III Paleologos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994253-35">[35]</a> He left its administration to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Monomachos" title="Michael Monomachos">Michael Monomachos</a>, who governed it for the next 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994253-35">[35]</a> Groups of Albanians moved into Thessaly as early as 1268 as mercenaries of <a href="/wiki/Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael II Komnenos Doukas">Michael Doukas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> tribes of <a href="/wiki/Bua_(tribe)" title="Bua (tribe)">Bua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malakasioi" title="Malakasioi">Malakasioi</a> and Mazaraki were described as "unruly" nomads living in the mountains of Thessaly in the early 14th century in <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos’</a> ‘History’. They numbered approximately 12,000. Kantakouzenos describes a pact they made to serve the Byzantine Emperor and pay tribute to him ca. 1332 in exchange for using the lowland areas of Thessaly in the summer months.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Albanian groups were given military holdings <a href="/wiki/Fanari,_Karditsa" title="Fanari, Karditsa">Fanari</a> in the 1330s and by the end of the 14th century and the Ottoman takeover of the region, they were an integral part of the military structures of Thessaly. Two of their military leaders known in Byzantine sources as Peter and John Sebastopoulos controlled the small towns of <a href="/wiki/Pharsala" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharsala">Pharsala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domokos" title="Domokos">Domokos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 1348, Thessaly was invaded and occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a>, under the general <a href="/wiki/Preljub" title="Preljub">Preljub</a>. After the latter's death in 1356, the region was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Orsini" title="Nikephoros II Orsini">Nikephoros Orsini</a> after he won the support of the local Greek population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994347-39">[39]</a> After his death three years later, it was taken over by the self-proclaimed Serbian emperor <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Uro%C5%A1" title="Simeon Uroš">Simeon Uroš</a>. Simeon's son <a href="/wiki/John_Uro%C5%A1" title="John Uroš">John Uroš</a> succeeded in 1370 but abdicated in 1373, and Thessaly was administered by the Greek Angeloi-Philanthropenoi clan until the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> conquest c. 1393. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ottoman period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Ottoman control began in the late 14th century with the capture of Larissa in 1392-93 and consolidated in the early 15th century. Nevertheless, Ottoman control was threatened throughout this era by groups of Greeks, Albanians and Aromanians who based themselves in the mountainous areas of Thessaly.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> At the time of the Ottoman conquest, the great Eastern plain of Thessaly was almost entirely depopulated as a result of the nearly continuous warfare of the previous decades. It was resettled by Turkish settlers from Western <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> from Western Thessaly and the surrounding mountains. In the following decades, the population of this area grew very rapidly as a result of law and order.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Thessaly was ruled through the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Tirhala" title="Sanjak of Tirhala">Sanjak of Tirhala</a> administrative division during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman period</a>. In the 1520s, <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> made up of 17.5% of the population of the Sanjak.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Failed Greek uprisings occurred in <a href="/wiki/Thessaly_Rebellion_(1600)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaly Rebellion (1600)">1600/1</a> and 1612, and during the <a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a> (1684–1699) and the <a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov Revolt</a> (1770).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422-43">[43]</a> In 1780, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha of Ioannina</a> took over control of Thessaly, and consolidated his rule after 1808, when he suppressed a local uprising. Heavy taxation, however, ruined the province's commerce, and coupled with the outbreak of the plague in 1813, reduced the population to some 200,000 by 1820.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a>, the important Greek intellectual and forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> was from the region. He was born in <a href="/wiki/Velestino" title="Velestino">Velestino</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> near the ancient town of <a href="/wiki/Pherae" title="Pherae">Pherae</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> broke out in 1821, Greek risings occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a> mountains as well as the western mountains around Fanari, but they were swiftly suppressed by the Ottoman armies under <a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fid_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Reşid Mehmed Pasha">Mehmed Reshid Pasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Dramali_Pasha" title="Mahmud Dramali Pasha">Mahmud Dramali Pasha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422-43">[43]</a> After the establishment of the independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a>, Greek nationalist agitation continued, with further revolts in 1841, in 1854 during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, and again during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_of_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878">Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878</a>. In 1880 Thessaly's population consisted of approximately 285,000 Greeks, 40,000 Turks, and 40,000 Jews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volos-bynight.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Volos-bynight.JPG/220px-Volos-bynight.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Volos-bynight.JPG/220px-Volos-bynight.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Volos-bynight.JPG/330px-Volos-bynight.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Volos-bynight.JPG/440px-Volos-bynight.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The port of <a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a></figcaption></figure> Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">Convention of Constantinople</a> except the area around the town of <a href="/wiki/Elassona" title="Elassona">Elassona</a>, which remained in Ottoman hands until 1912. It was briefly captured by Ottomans during the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_of_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish War of 1897">Greco-Turkish War of 1897</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1897)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1897)">Treaty of Constantinople (1897)</a>, Greece was forced to cede minor border areas and to pay heavy reparations. The remaining part of Thessaly held by the Ottomans was finally regained by the Greeks during the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422-43">[43]</a> In 1923, the entire Muslim population was sent to Turkey following the <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Thessaly was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> from April 1941 to September 1943. After the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> occupied Thessaly until October 1944. It became a major centre of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek Resistance</a>, most famously seeing the desertion of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinerolo Division">Pinerolo Division</a> to the guerrillas of <a href="/wiki/EAM-ELAS" class="mw-redirect" title="EAM-ELAS">EAM-ELAS</a> in 1943. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meteora_valley,_Meteora,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg/600px-Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg/600px-Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg" data-width="600" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg/900px-Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg/1200px-Meteora_valley%2C_Meteora%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Meteora" title="Meteora">Meteora</a> valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MakTempeTal01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MakTempeTal01.jpg/220px-MakTempeTal01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="2170"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MakTempeTal01.jpg/220px-MakTempeTal01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MakTempeTal01.jpg/330px-MakTempeTal01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MakTempeTal01.jpg/440px-MakTempeTal01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Tempe" title="Vale of Tempe">Vale of Tempe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG/220px-Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG/220px-Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG/330px-Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG/440px-Volos_view_from_Pelion.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a> view from <a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a> mountain.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg/220px-Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2972" data-file-height="1670"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg/220px-Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg/330px-Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg/440px-Lithaiosrivertrikala.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Litheos river flowing through the city of <a href="/wiki/Trikala" title="Trikala">Trikala</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Skiathos_view_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skiathos" title="Skiathos">Skiathos</a> island</figcaption></figure> Thessaly occupies the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> watershed, extending south from Macedonia to the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>. The northern tier of Thessaly is defined by a generally southwest-northeast spur of the Pindus range that includes <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>, close to the Macedonian border. Within that broken spur of mountains are several basins and river valleys. The easternmost extremity of the spur extends southeastward from Mount Olympus along the Aegean coast, terminating in the <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_Prefecture" title="Magnesia Prefecture">Magnesia</a> Peninsula that envelops the <a href="/wiki/Pagasetic_Gulf" title="Pagasetic Gulf">Pagasetic Gulf</a> (also called the Gulf of Volos), and forms an inlet of the Aegean Sea. Thessaly's major river, the <a href="/wiki/Pineios_(Thessaly)" title="Pineios (Thessaly)">Pineios</a>, flows eastward from the central Pindus Range just south of the spur, emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Thermaic_Gulf" title="Thermaic Gulf">Thermaic Gulf</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Trikala" title="Trikala">Trikala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> lowlands form a <a href="/wiki/Thessalian_plain" title="Thessalian plain">central plain</a> which is surrounded by a ring of mountains. It has distinct summer and winter seasons, with summer rains augmenting the fertility of the plains. This has led to Thessaly occasionally being called the "breadbasket of Greece". The region is well delineated by topographical boundaries. The <a href="/wiki/Chasia" title="Chasia">Chasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamvounia" title="Kamvounia">Kamvounia</a> mountains lie to the north, the Mount Olympus massif to the northeast. To the west lies the Pindus mountain range, to the southeast the coastal mountains of <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ssa" class="mw-redirect" title="Óssa">Óssa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a>. Several tributaries of the Pineios flow through the region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Most of the province has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">hot summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Csa), but also found is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (BSk) including the capital <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> (on its <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> edge of category). Even in the north of Thessaly a rare <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa) can be found, although it is different from a climate typically below or above the tropics, it also marks the limit of this rare Cf subtype on the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European continent</a> (e. g. the small village of Kalvia).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The population of the region of Thessaly was 687,527 in 2021 census. The region has shrunk by 45,235 people between 2011 and 2021, experiencing a population loss of 6.2%.<a href="#cite_note-2021census-1">[1]</a> In 2011, the population of the region of Thessaly was 732,762 and represented 6.8% of the total population of Greece. A 2.8% decrease in the population since 2001 was noted, but Thessaly remains Greece's third most populous region.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The population break-down is 44% urban, 40% agrarian, and 16% semi-urban. A decrease in the agrarian population has been accompanied by an increase in the semi-urban population. The metropolitan area of Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, is home to more than 230,000 people, making it the biggest city of the region. An Aromanian minority resides in Thessaly. This region, along with <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, are the regions with the biggest concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_Greece" title="Aromanians in Greece">Greek Aromanians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Another notable population group of Thessaly are the <a href="/wiki/Karagounides" title="Karagounides">Karagounides</a>, an ethnic Greek subgroup. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a> dialect of Greek was spoken in Thessaly. This included several local varieties, in particular the variants of <a href="/wiki/Pelasgians#Language" title="Pelasgians">Pelasgiotis</a> and Thessaliotis. The language was not written.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Apart from Greek, Aromanian is also spoken in Thessaly. Some <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_dialects" title="Aromanian dialects">Aromanian dialects</a> from the region have some unique peculiarities of their own, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Krania,_Elassona" title="Krania, Elassona">Krania</a>, which is one of the few with <a href="/wiki/Differential_object_marking" title="Differential object marking">differential object marking</a> (DOM) along with those dialects spoken at the west of <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Major_settlements">Major settlements</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Major settlements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karditsa" title="Karditsa">Kardítsa (Καρδίτσα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Lárisa (Λάρισα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikala" title="Trikala">Tríkala (Τρίκαλα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Vólos (Βόλος)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Ionia,_Magnesia" title="Nea Ionia, Magnesia">Néa Ionía (Νέα Ιωνία)</a> (Metropolitan area of Volos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elassona" title="Elassona">Elassóna (Ελασσόνα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsala" title="Farsala">Fársala (Φάρσαλα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrnavos" title="Tyrnavos">Tyrnavos (Τύρναβος)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabaka" title="Kalabaka">Kalabáka/Kalampáka (Καλαμπάκα)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almyros" title="Almyros">Almyrós (Αλμυρός)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> The alluvial soils of the <a href="/wiki/Pineios_(Thessaly)" title="Pineios (Thessaly)">Pineios</a> Basin and its tributaries make Thessaly a vital agricultural area, particularly for the production of <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>. Modernization of agricultural practices in the mid-20th century has controlled the chronic flooding that had restricted agricultural expansion and diversification in the low-lying plains. Thessaly is the leading cattle-raising area of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, and Aromanian shepherds move large flocks of <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> seasonally between higher and lower elevations. In the last few decades, there has been a rise in the cultivation of dried nuts such as <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachios</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, especially in the region of <a href="/wiki/Almyros" title="Almyros">Almyros</a>. An increase in the number of olive oil trees has been also observed. The nearly landlocked <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Pagasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Pagasai">Gulf of Pagasai</a> provides a natural harbor at <a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a> for shipping agricultural products from the plains and chromium from the mountains. The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the province was 9.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 5.2% of Greek economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 16,100 € or 53% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 65% of the EU average.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The unemployment rate stood at 20.6% in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td>unemployment rate (in %) </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>7.8 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td>12.1 </td> <td>16.8 </td> <td>22.6 </td> <td>25.4 </td> <td>25.4 </td> <td>26.9 </td> <td>25.5 </td> <td>20.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> There are a number of highways such as <a href="/wiki/European_route_E75" title="European route E75">E75</a>, and the main railway from <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> (Salonika) crosses Thessaly. The region is directly linked to the rest of Europe through the <a href="/wiki/International_Airport_of_Central_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="International Airport of Central Greece">International Airport of Central Greece</a>, which is located in <a href="/wiki/Nea_Anchialos" title="Nea Anchialos">Nea Anchialos</a>, a small distance from <a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Larisa">Larisa</a>. Charter flights link the region and bring tourists to the wider area, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meteora" title="Meteora">Meteora</a>. The new infrastructure includes a brand new terminal ready to serve 1500 passengers per hour and new airplanes. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> Although the historical region of Thessaly extended south into <a href="/wiki/Phthiotis" title="Phthiotis">Phthiotis</a> and at times north into <a href="/wiki/West_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Macedonia">West Macedonia</a>, today the term 'Thessaly' is identified with the modern Administrative Region which was established in the 1987 administrative reform. With the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallikratis plan">Kallikratis plan</a>, the powers and authority of the region were redefined and extended. Along with <a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(administrative_region)" title="Central Greece (administrative region)">Central Greece</a>, it is supervised by the <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Thessaly_and_Central_Greece" title="Decentralized Administration of Thessaly and Central Greece">Decentralized Administration of Thessaly and Central Greece</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>. The region of Thessaly is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> (four were pre-Kallikratis <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">prefectures</a>), <a href="/wiki/Karditsa_(regional_unit)" title="Karditsa (regional unit)">Karditsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larissa_(regional_unit)" title="Larissa (regional unit)">Larissa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_(regional_unit)" title="Magnesia (regional unit)">Magnesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trikala_(regional_unit)" title="Trikala (regional unit)">Trikala</a>, which are further subdivided into twenty-five <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Greece">municipalities</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Municipal Populations in Thessaly </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Regional Unit </th> <th>Municipality </th> <th>Population (2011) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agia,_Larissa" title="Agia, Larissa">Agia</a> </td> <td>11,470 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elassona" title="Elassona">Elassona</a> </td> <td>32,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farsala" title="Farsala">Farsala</a> </td> <td>18,545 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kileler" title="Kileler">Kileler</a> </td> <td>20,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> </td> <td>162,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tempi_(municipality)" title="Tempi (municipality)">Tempi</a> </td> <td>13,712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larissa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyrnavos" title="Tyrnavos">Tyrnavos</a> </td> <td>25,032 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sporades </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skiathos" title="Skiathos">Skiathos</a> </td> <td>6,610 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sporades </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skopelos" title="Skopelos">Skopelos</a> </td> <td>4,960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sporades </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alonnisos" title="Alonnisos">Alonnisos</a> </td> <td>2,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magnesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Almyros" title="Almyros">Almyros</a> </td> <td>18,614 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magnesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios_(municipality)" title="Rigas Feraios (municipality)">Rigas Feraios</a> </td> <td>10,922 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magnesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Pelion" title="South Pelion">South Pelion</a> </td> <td>10,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magnesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a> </td> <td>144,449 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magnesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zagora-Mouresi" title="Zagora-Mouresi">Zagora-Mouresi</a> </td> <td>5,809 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argithea" title="Argithea">Argithea</a> </td> <td>3,450 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karditsa" title="Karditsa">Karditsa</a> </td> <td>56,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Plastiras_(municipality)" title="Lake Plastiras (municipality)">Lake Plastiras</a> </td> <td>4,635 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mouzaki" title="Mouzaki">Mouzaki</a> </td> <td>13,122 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palamas" title="Palamas">Palamas</a> </td> <td>16,726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karditsa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofades" title="Sofades">Sofades</a> </td> <td>18,864 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trikala </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farkadona" title="Farkadona">Farkadona</a> </td> <td>13,396 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trikala </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalampaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalampaka">Kalampaka</a> </td> <td>21,991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trikala </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyli" title="Pyli">Pyli</a> </td> <td>14,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trikala </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trikala" title="Trikala">Trikala</a> </td> <td>81,355 </td></tr></tbody></table> The regional governor is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitris_Kouretas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitris Kouretas (page does not exist)">Dimitris Kouretas</a> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Δημήτρης Κουρέτας">el</a>], who was elected in the second round of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Greek_local_elections" title="2023 Greek local elections">2023 regional election</a> and took office on 1 January 2024. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Ancient_coinage">Ancient coinage</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ancient coinage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver hemidrachm of Pharsalos struck 450-400 BC"><noscript><img alt="Silver hemidrachm of Pharsalos struck 450-400 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg/120px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4744" data-file-height="2372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg/120px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg" data-alt="Silver hemidrachm of Pharsalos struck 450-400 BC" data-width="120" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg/180px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg/240px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Pharsalos.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver hemidrachm of <a href="/wiki/Pharsalos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharsalos">Pharsalos</a> struck 450-400 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver hemidrachm of Trikka struck 440-400 BC"><noscript><img alt="Silver hemidrachm of Trikka struck 440-400 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg/120px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5360" data-file-height="2680"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg/120px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg" data-alt="Silver hemidrachm of Trikka struck 440-400 BC" data-width="120" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg/180px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg/240px-AR_hemidrachm_of_Trikka.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver hemidrachm of <a href="/wiki/Trikka" class="mw-redirect" title="Trikka">Trikka</a> struck 440-400 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver hemidrachm of Thessalian League struck 470-460 BC"><noscript><img alt="Silver hemidrachm of Thessalian League struck 470-460 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg/120px-M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="428"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 59px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg/120px-M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg" data-alt="Silver hemidrachm of Thessalian League struck 470-460 BC" data-width="120" data-height="59" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg/180px-M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg/240px-M%C3%BCnze_des_Thessalischen_Bundes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver hemidrachm of <a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> struck 470-460 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze coin of Ekkarra struck 325-320 BC"><noscript><img alt="Bronze coin of Ekkarra struck 325-320 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg/120px-Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg/120px-Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg" data-alt="Bronze coin of Ekkarra struck 325-320 BC" data-width="120" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg/180px-Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg/240px-Bronze_coin_of_Ekkarra.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze coin of Ekkarra struck 325-320 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze coin of Krannon struck 400-344 BC"><noscript><img alt="Bronze coin of Krannon struck 400-344 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg/120px-Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2740" data-file-height="1370"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg/120px-Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg" data-alt="Bronze coin of Krannon struck 400-344 BC" data-width="120" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg/180px-Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg/240px-Bronze_coin_of_Krannon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze coin of <a href="/wiki/Krannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Krannon">Krannon</a> struck 400-344 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hemidrachm,_Pellina,_Thessaly,_460-420_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hemidrachm coin of Pelinna struck 460-420 BC"><noscript><img alt="Hemidrachm coin of Pelinna struck 460-420 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg/120px-Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 59px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg/120px-Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg" data-alt="Hemidrachm coin of Pelinna struck 460-420 BC" data-width="120" data-height="59" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg/180px-Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg/240px-Hemidrachm%2C_Pellina%2C_Thessaly%2C_460-420_BC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hemidrachm coin of <a href="/wiki/Pelinna" title="Pelinna">Pelinna</a> struck 460-420 BC</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Popular_Culture">Popular Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Popular Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li>In the game, <a href="/wiki/Hades_II" title="Hades II">Hades II</a> (the sequel to <a href="/wiki/Hades_(video_game)" title="Hades (video game)">Hades</a>), "The Rift of Thessaly" is a massive water rift made on Thessaly by the sea-god, <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">Protagonist</a>'s, paternal uncle), in an (unsuccessful) attempt to prevent the Titan of Time, <a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a>'s, forces from laying siege upon <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>. Here, the 'Helpful-Hand' character for Melinoë while on her quest is her fellow sorceress, Lady <a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a>, stationed up on her private <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">isle</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Aeaea" title="Aeaea">Aiaia</a>" prior by Lady Hecate to be her eyes and ears there.</li> <li>Thessaly appears in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_EndWar" title="Tom Clancy's EndWar">Tom Clancy's EndWar</a> as the European Union's southernmost missile defense uplinks.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Tempe" title="Vale of Tempe">Vale of Tempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_Greek_place_names" class="mw-redirect" title="List of traditional Greek place names">List of traditional Greek place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERETETH" class="mw-redirect" title="CERETETH">CERETETH</a>, Center of Technology Thessaly</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021census-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/Census2022_GR.pdf">"Census 2021 GR"</a> (PDF) (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>. 2022-07-19. Retrieved 2022-09-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2021+GR&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr%2FCensus2022_GR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"</a>, www.ec.europa.eu</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age%2C+sex+and+NUTS+2+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2FDEMO_R_D2JAN%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2021-07-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΠ.Δ.1987" class="citation book cs1">Π.Δ. (March 6, 1987). Καθορισμός των Περιφερειών της Χώρας για το σχεδιασμό κ.λ.π. της Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης [Determination of the Regions of the Country for the planning etc. of the development of the regions]. <a href="/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="ΦΕΚ">ΦΕΚ</a>. pp. 51/87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A7%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C+%CE%BA.%CE%BB.%CF%80.+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.pages=51%2F87&rft.pub=%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A&rft.date=1987-03-06&rft.au=%CE%A0.%CE%94.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeekes2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Beekes, Robert</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/17726">Etymological Dictionary of Greek</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 544. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17418-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17418-4"><bdi>978-90-04-17418-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.pages=544&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17418-4&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F17726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabiniotis2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Babiniotis" title="Georgios Babiniotis">Babiniotis, Georgios</a> (2009). Ετυμολογικό Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας (in Greek). Lexicology Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82&rft.pub=Lexicology+Centre&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Babiniotis&rft.aufirst=Georgios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/it/document/read/8263324/farsharotu-30-tv-radio-makedonia">Fârshârotu nr. 30</a>. p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> For more, see: <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+10.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136">10.1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D617">630-631</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes2014" class="citation book cs1">Rhodes, P.J. (September 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kk_jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">A Short History of Ancient Greece</a>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780765945" title="Special:BookSources/9781780765945"><bdi>9781780765945</bdi></a>. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft.isbn=9781780765945&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKk_jBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoismanWorthington2010-11"><a href="#cite_ref-RoismanWorthington2010_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_RoismanIan_Worthington2010" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Roisman; Ian Worthington, eds. (6 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkYFVJ3U-BIC">A Companion to Ancient Macedonia</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7936-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7936-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-7936-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1025542935">1025542935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Macedonia&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010-12-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1025542935&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7936-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkYFVJ3U-BIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_LaetHerrmann1996" class="citation book cs1">de Laet, Sigfried J.; Herrmann, Joachim (January 1, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA252">"The Invasion of Slaves and Avars (c. 568 to 626)"</a>. In Tapkova-Zaimova, Vasilka (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA252">History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-102812-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-102812-0"><bdi>978-92-3-102812-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Invasion+of+Slaves+and+Avars+%28c.+568+to+626%29&rft.btitle=History+of+Humanity%3A+From+the+seventh+century+B.C.+to+the+seventh+century+A.D.&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-92-3-102812-0&rft.aulast=de+Laet&rft.aufirst=Sigfried+J.&rft.au=Herrmann%2C+Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWGUz01yBumEC%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fine83-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Fine83_13-0">^</a> Fine, John V. 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Springer. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-22050-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-22050-2"><bdi>978-1-349-22050-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cultural+Values+of+the+Albanians+in+the+Diaspora&rft.btitle=Perspectives+On+Albania&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-349-22050-2&rft.aulast=Lopasic&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBDywCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie" class="citation web cs1">Elsie, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albanianhistory.net/1328_Cantacuzene/index.html">"Texts and Documents of Albanian History"</a>. albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2021-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=albanianhistory.net&rft.atitle=Texts+and+Documents+of+Albanian+History&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falbanianhistory.net%2F1328_Cantacuzene%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagdalino2012" class="citation book cs1">Magdalino, Paul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kUzFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">"Between Romaniae: Thessaly and Epirus in the Later Middle Ages"</a>. In Arbel, Benjamin; Hamilton, Bernard; Jacoby, David (eds.). Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204. Routledge. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136289163" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136289163"><bdi>978-1136289163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+Romaniae%3A+Thessaly+and+Epirus+in+the+Later+Middle+Ages&rft.btitle=Latins+and+Greeks+in+the+Eastern+Mediterranean+After+1204&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1136289163&rft.aulast=Magdalino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkUzFBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994347-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994347_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 347. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavvides1998" class="citation journal cs1">Savvides, Alexis (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44172339">"Splintered Medieval Hellenism : The Semi-Autonomous State of Thessaly (A.d. 1213/1222 to 1454/1470) and ITS Place in History"</a>. Byzantion. 68 (2): 416. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44172339">44172339</a>. <q>Following the Ottoman capture of Larissa in 1392/1393, the Turkish forces moved southward towards Hellas and invaded the Peloponnese, which had already experienced their initial devastations; the next decades would witness the building-up of local resistance in Thessaly on the part of sections of Greeks, Albanians and Vlachs, who had taken to the mountains</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantion&rft.atitle=Splintered+Medieval+Hellenism+%3A+The+Semi-Autonomous+State+of+Thessaly+%28A.d.+1213%2F1222+to+1454%2F1470%29+and+ITS+Place+in+History&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=416&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44172339%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Savvides&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44172339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiel2016" class="citation cs2">Kiel, Machiel (2016-10-03), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dqhd.21">"The Ottoman Imperial Registers"</a>, Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800), Oxbow Books, pp. 196–198, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dqhd.21">10.2307/j.ctvh1dqhd.21</a>, retrieved 2023-03-21</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reconstructing+Past+Population+Trends+in+Mediterranean+Europe+%283000+BC+-+AD+1800%29&rft.atitle=The+Ottoman+Imperial+Registers&rft.pages=196-198&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dqhd.21&rft.aulast=Kiel&rft.aufirst=Machiel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvh1dqhd.21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinkov2004" class="citation book cs1">Minkov, Anton (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191947039">Conversion to Islam in the Balkans : Kisve bahası petitions and Ottoman social life, 1670-1730</a>. Leiden. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4237-1251-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4237-1251-X"><bdi>1-4237-1251-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191947039">191947039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversion+to+Islam+in+the+Balkans+%3A+Kisve+bahas%C4%B1+petitions+and+Ottoman+social+life%2C+1670-1730&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=49&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191947039&rft.isbn=1-4237-1251-X&rft.aulast=Minkov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F191947039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420–422-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavvides2000420%E2%80%93422_43-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFSavvides2000">Savvides 2000</a>, pp. 420–422. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaskalovMarinov2013" class="citation book cs1">Daskalov, Roumen Dontchev; Marinov, Tchavdar (June 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&pg=PA159">Entangled Histories of the Balkans: National Ideologies and Language Policies</a>. 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Retrieved March 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Housing+Census&rft.atitle=Demographic+and+social+characteristics+of+the+Resident+Population+of+Greece+according+to+the+2011+Population&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2FESYE%2FBUCKET%2FA1602%2FPressReleases%2FA1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahl2003" class="citation journal cs1">Kahl, Thede (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Aromanians-in-Greece-Thede-Kahl.pdf">"Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?"</a> (PDF). 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Consulted online on 31 August 2020 <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2214-448X_eagll_COM_00000349">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2214-448X_eagll_COM_00000349</a>> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBužarovska2020" class="citation journal cs1">Bužarovska, Eleni (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/jlc/13/1/article-p57_57.xml">"The contact hypothesis revised: DOM in the South Slavic periphery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Language_Contact" title="Journal of Language Contact">Journal of Language Contact</a>. 13 (1): 57–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F19552629-bja10003">10.1163/19552629-bja10003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225734803">225734803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Language+Contact&rft.atitle=The+contact+hypothesis+revised%3A+DOM+in+the+South+Slavic+periphery&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-95&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F19552629-bja10003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225734803%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bu%C5%BEarovska&rft.aufirst=Eleni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fjlc%2F13%2F1%2Farticle-p57_57.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. Eurostat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1">"Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region"</a>. Eurostat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+Unemployment+by+NUTS2+Region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26language%3Dde%26pcode%3Dtgs00010%26plugin%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUbisoft2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017181704/http://endwargame.us.ubi.com/locations.php">"Tom Clancy's EndWar: Game Info // Locations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endwargame.us.ubi.com/locations.php">the original</a> on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tom+Clancy%27s+EndWar%3A+Game+Info+%2F%2F+Locations&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Ubisoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fendwargame.us.ubi.com%2Flocations.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C">The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC">The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (1991). "Vlachia". In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vlachia&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rft.aulast=Kazhdan&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1857" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofgree02smit/page/1164">"Thessalia"</a>. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. 2. Walton and Mayberly. pp. 1165–1170. Retrieved 12 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thessalia&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.pages=1165-1170&rft.pub=Walton+and+Mayberly&rft.date=1857&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofgree02smit%2Fpage%2F1164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavvides2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Savvides, Alexis G. C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/tesalya-SIM_7499">"Tesalya"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Peri_J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 420–422. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11211-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11211-7"><bdi>978-90-04-11211-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tesalya&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+X%3A+T%E2%80%93U&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=420-422&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11211-7&rft.aulast=Savvides&rft.aufirst=Alexis+G.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Ftesalya-SIM_7499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thessalia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thessalia">Thessalia</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thessaly.gov.gr">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22807284#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> (in Greek)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagnall,_R.,_J._Drinkwater,_A._Esmonde-Cleary,_W._Harris,_R._Knapp,_S._Mitchell,_S._Parker,_C._Wells,_J._Wilkes,_R._Talbert,_M._E._Downs,_M._Joann_McDaniel,_B._Z._Lund,_T._Elliott,_S._Gillies2012" class="citation web cs1">Bagnall, R., J. Drinkwater, A. Esmonde-Cleary, W. Harris, R. Knapp, S. Mitchell, S. Parker, C. Wells, J. Wilkes, R. Talbert, M. E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, B. Z. Lund, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (15 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/991374">"Places: 991374 (Thessalia)"</a>. Pleiades. Retrieved March 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Places%3A+991374+%28Thessalia%29&rft.pub=Pleiades&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft.au=Bagnall%2C+R.%2C+J.+Drinkwater%2C+A.+Esmonde-Cleary%2C+W.+Harris%2C+R.+Knapp%2C+S.+Mitchell%2C+S.+Parker%2C+C.+Wells%2C+J.+Wilkes%2C+R.+Talbert%2C+M.+E.+Downs%2C+M.+Joann+McDaniel%2C+B.+Z.+Lund%2C+T.+Elliott%2C+S.+Gillies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpleiades.stoa.org%2Fplaces%2F991374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThessaly" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&oldid=1255150022">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&oldid=1255150022</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaly&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 3 November 2024, at 11:52 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalien" title="Thessalien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thessalien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ثيساليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثيساليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periferia_de_Tesalia" title="Periferia de Tesalia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periferia de Tesalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fessaliya_(periferiya)" title="Fessaliya (periferiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fessaliya (periferiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia_T%C5%8Da-khu" title="Thessalia Tōa-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thessalia Tōa-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Тэсалія (пэрыфэрыя) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэсалія (пэрыфэрыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thes%C3%A1lie" title="Thesálie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thesálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalien" title="Thessalien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thessalien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalien_(griechische_Region)" title="Thessalien (griechische Region) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thessalien (griechische Region)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessaalia_piirkond" title="Tessaalia piirkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tessaalia piirkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Περιφέρεια Θεσσαλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιφέρεια Θεσσαλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periferia_de_Tesalia" title="Periferia de Tesalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periferia de Tesalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalio" title="Tesalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tesalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تسالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تسالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalie_(p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rie)" title="Thessalie (périphérie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thessalie (périphérie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalia" title="Tesalia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tesalia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%82%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="테살리아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테살리아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periferija_Tesalija" title="Periferija Tesalija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periferija Tesalija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eessal%C3%ADa" title="Þessalía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þessalía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessaglia_(periferia)" title="Tessaglia (periferia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tessaglia (periferia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="תסליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תסליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalonika" title="Tesalonika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tesalonika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalya_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Tesalya (parêzgeh) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tesalya (parêzgeh)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia_(regio_Graeciae)" title="Thessalia (regio Graeciae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thessalia (regio Graeciae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tes%C4%81lijas_perif%C4%93rija" title="Tesālijas perifērija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tesālijas perifērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalijos_periferija" title="Tesalijos periferija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tesalijos periferija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тесалија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тесалија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="თესალია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თესალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thessaly" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessali%C3%AB" title="Thessalië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thessalië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="テッサリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テッサリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaalien_(Regiuun)" title="Thessaalien (Regiuun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thessaalien (Regiuun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessal%C3%ADa" title="Thessalía – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thessalía" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%92" title="صوبہ تھیسیلے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوبہ تھیسیلے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Tesalia" title="Region Tesalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Region Tesalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalia" title="Tesalia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tesalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Фессалия (периферия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фессалия (периферия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesali" title="Thesali – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thesali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thessaly" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tes%C3%A1lia_(kraj)" title="Tesália (kraj) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tesália (kraj)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalija" title="Tesalija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tesalija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سیسالی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیسالی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Периферија Тесалија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периферија Тесалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periferija_Tesalija" title="Periferija Tesalija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periferija Tesalija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thessalia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalien" title="Thessalien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thessalien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="தெசலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெசலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teselya" title="Teselya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teselya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Фессалія (периферія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фессалія (периферія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تھیسالی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھیسالی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessal%C3%ADa" title="Thessalía – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thessalía" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalya" title="Thessalya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thessalya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%90%A8%E5%88%A9" title="色萨利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="色萨利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%90%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="色萨利大区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色萨利大区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 11:52 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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