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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(britisk_tv-serie)" title="House of Cards (britisk tv-serie) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="House of Cards (britisk tv-serie)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Kartenhaus_(Fernsehserie)" title="Ein Kartenhaus (Fernsehserie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ein Kartenhaus (Fernsehserie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n_brit%C3%A1nica)" title="House of Cards (serie de televisión británica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="House of Cards (serie de televisión británica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(brita_televida_serio)" title="House of Cards (brita televida serio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="House of Cards (brita televida serio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(britainiar_telesaila)" title="House of Cards (britainiar telesaila) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="House of Cards (britainiar telesaila)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C)" title="خانه پوشالی (مجموعه تلویزیونی بریتانیایی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانه پوشالی (مجموعه تلویزیونی بریتانیایی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_cartes_(s%C3%A9rie_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e,_1990)" title="Château de cartes (série télévisée, 1990) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Château de cartes (série télévisée, 1990)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(miniserie_televisiva)" title="House of Cards (miniserie televisiva) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="House of Cards (miniserie televisiva)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="בית הקלפים (סדרה בריטית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הקלפים (סדרה בריטית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3s_sorozat,_1990)" title="House of Cards (televíziós sorozat, 1990) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="House of Cards (televíziós sorozat, 1990)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(siri_TV_UK)" title="House of Cards (siri TV UK) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="House of Cards (siri TV UK)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(Britse_televisieserie)" title="House of Cards (Britse televisieserie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="House of Cards (Britse televisieserie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(miniserie)" title="House of Cards (miniserie) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="House of Cards (miniserie)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_z_kart_(serial_telewizyjny)" title="Dom z kart (serial telewizyjny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dom z kart (serial telewizyjny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(s%C3%A9rie_brit%C3%A2nica)" title="House of Cards (série britânica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="House of Cards (série britânica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Кућа од карата (мини-серија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кућа од карата (мини-серија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Cards_(vuoden_1990_televisiosarja)" title="House of Cards (vuoden 1990 televisiosarja) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="House of Cards (vuoden 1990 televisiosarja)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maktens_m%C3%A4n_(TV-serie)" title="Maktens män (TV-serie) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maktens män (TV-serie)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E7%89%8C%E5%B1%8B_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="纸牌屋 (英国电视剧) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纸牌屋 (英国电视剧)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1055984#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2013 American adaptation of the series, see <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">House of Cards (American TV series)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262195746">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>House of Cards</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Cards_(BBC).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/House_of_Cards_%28BBC%29.png/220px-House_of_Cards_%28BBC%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/House_of_Cards_%28BBC%29.png/330px-House_of_Cards_%28BBC%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f5/House_of_Cards_%28BBC%29.png 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(novel)" title="House of Cards (novel)">House of Cards</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dobbs" title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dobbs" title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Seed" title="Paul Seed">Paul Seed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Susannah_Harker" title="Susannah Harker">Susannah Harker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Miles_Anderson" title="Miles Anderson">Miles Anderson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alphonsia_Emmanuel" title="Alphonsia Emmanuel">Alphonsia Emmanuel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Tierney" title="Malcolm Tierney">Malcolm Tierney</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diane_Fletcher" title="Diane Fletcher">Diane Fletcher</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jeavons" title="Colin Jeavons">Colin Jeavons</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Damien_Thomas" title="Damien Thomas">Damien Thomas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Gilbert_(actor)" title="Kenneth Gilbert (actor)">Kenneth Gilbert</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_Lyon_(actor)" title="David Lyon (actor)">David Lyon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Ireland" title="Kenny Ireland">Kenny Ireland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Villiers" title="James Villiers">James Villiers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Amyes" title="Isabelle Amyes">Isabelle Amyes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Theme music composer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Parker_(composer)" title="Jim Parker (composer)">Jim Parker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Riddington" title="Ken Riddington">Ken Riddington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">55 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production company</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">18 November<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1990-11-18</span>)</span> –<br />9 December 1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1990-12-09</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Related</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Play_the_King" title="To Play the King">To Play the King</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Cut_(TV_serial)" title="The Final Cut (TV serial)">The Final Cut</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>House of Cards</b></i> is a 1990 British <a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">political thriller</a> television serial in four episodes, set after the end of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s tenure as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>. It was televised by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> from 18 November to 9 December 1990. Released to critical and popular acclaim for its writing, direction, and performances, it is considered one of the greatest British television shows ever made. </p><p>The story is centred on the sudden and manipulative rise to power of the <a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">machiavellian</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Chief Whip of the Conservative Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Urquhart" title="Francis Urquhart">Francis Urquhart</a>. Urquhart, on the party's right wing, is frustrated over his lack of promotion in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher#1990_leadership_challenge_and_resignation" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher's resignation</a> and the moderate government which succeeds it. He conceives a calculated and meticulous plan to bring down the new prime minister and replace him, on the same lines as <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)"><i>Richard III</i></a> (which he often quotes). During this drawn-out and ruthless coup, his life is complicated by his relationship with young female reporter <a href="/wiki/Mattie_Storin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattie Storin">Mattie Storin</a>, whom he uses to leak sensitive information in confidence. The question of whether the serial's ending is a <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> (in the same vein as plays such as <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>) is <a href="/wiki/Pathos" title="Pathos">left to the viewer</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a> adapted the story from the 1989 <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(novel)" title="House of Cards (novel)">novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dobbs" title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a>, a former chief of staff at <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> headquarters. Neville Teller also dramatised Dobbs's novel for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> in 1996, and it had two television sequels (<i><a href="/wiki/To_Play_the_King" title="To Play the King">To Play the King</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Cut_(TV_serial)" title="The Final Cut (TV serial)">The Final Cut</a></i>). The opening and closing theme music for this TV series is entitled "Francis Urquhart's March", by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Parker_(composer)" title="Jim Parker (composer)">Jim Parker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>House of Cards</i> was ranked 84th in the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> list of the <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_British_Television_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Greatest British Television Programmes">100 Greatest British Television Programmes</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-BFI100_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI100-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the serial and the Dobbs novel were the basis for <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">an American adaptation</a> set in Washington, D.C., commissioned and released by <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> as the first ever major streaming service television show. This version was also entitled <i>House of Cards</i>, and starred Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The antihero of <i>House of Cards</i> is <a href="/wiki/Francis_Urquhart" title="Francis Urquhart">Francis Urquhart</a>, a fictional <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a>. The plot follows his amoral and manipulative scheme to become leader of the governing party and, thus, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>Michael Dobbs did not envisage writing the second and third books, as Urquhart dies at the end of the first novel. The screenplay of the BBC's dramatisation of <i>House of Cards</i> differs from the book, and hence allows future series. Dobbs wrote two following books, <i><a href="/wiki/To_Play_the_King" title="To Play the King">To Play the King</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Cut_(TV_serial)" title="The Final Cut (TV serial)">The Final Cut</a></i>, which were televised in 1993 and 1995, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>House of Cards</i> was said to draw from <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare's</a> plays <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardsons-rule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which feature main characters who are corrupted by power and ambition. Richardson has a Shakespearean background and said he based his characterisation of Urquhart on Shakespeare's portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardsons-rule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urquhart frequently talks through the camera to the audience, breaking the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ruling <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> is about to elect a new leader. <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters#Francis_Urquhart" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Francis Urquhart</a>, the Government <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, introduces viewers to the contestants, before <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters#Henry_Collingridge,_MP" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Henry Collingridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" title="Secretary of State for the Environment">Secretary of State for the Environment</a>, emerges victorious. Urquhart is contemptuous of Collingridge, who embodies the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a>-era rise of the <a href="/wiki/Essex_man" title="Essex man">lower-middle classes</a>. Urquhart feigns respect and expects promotion to a senior position in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a>. After the general election, the party narrowly retains power. Urquhart makes suggestions for a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">hard-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Reshuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Reshuffle">reshuffle</a>, including his own desired promotion to <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>. However, Collingridge effects no changes at all, relying entirely on the advice of his party chairman, <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters#Lord_Billsborough" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Lord "Teddy" Billsborough</a>. Urquhart resolves to oust Collingridge. </p><p>Urquhart begins an affair with Mattie Storin, a junior political reporter at a Conservative-leaning <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabloid newspaper">tabloid</a>, <i>The Chronicle</i>. This allows Urquhart to manipulate Mattie and skew her coverage of events in his favour. Another pawn is Roger O'Neill, the party's <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>-addicted public relations consultant, whom Urquhart blackmails into leaking planned budget cuts, thereby humiliating Collingridge during <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a>. Later, Urquhart blames Billsborough for leaking a poll showing the Conservatives' declining rate in voting intentions, leading Collingridge to sack Billsborough. </p><p>As Collingridge's image suffers, Urquhart encourages <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters#Patrick_Woolton,_MP" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Patrick Woolton</a>, the boorish and lecherous <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Foreign Secretary</a>, and the equally unpleasant <i>Chronicle</i> owner Benjamin Landless to support his removal. He also impersonates Collingridge's alcoholic brother to trade shares and benefit from advance information confidential to the government. Collingridge becomes falsely accused of <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a> and resigns partly to save face, partly to care for his brother after he suffers a guilt-induced decline in his health. </p><p>In the ensuing leadership race, Urquhart feigns unwillingness to stand before announcing his candidacy. Urquhart makes sure his competitors drop out of the race: <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Health Secretary</a> Peter MacKenzie accidentally runs his car over a protester at a demonstration staged by Urquhart and withdraws, while <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education Secretary</a> Harold Earle is blackmailed into withdrawing when Urquhart anonymously sends pictures of him in the company of a <a href="/wiki/Male_prostitution" title="Male prostitution">rent boy</a> whom Earle had paid for sex. </p><p>The first ballot leaves Urquhart to face Woolton and <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters#Michael_Samuels" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Michael Samuels</a>, the moderate Environment Secretary. Urquhart eliminates Woolton by a prolonged scheme: at the <a href="/wiki/Party_conference" title="Party conference">party conference</a>, he pressures O'Neill into persuading his lover, Penny Guy, to sleep with Woolton in his suite, which Urquhart records via a bugged <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_red_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerial red box">ministerial red box</a>. The recording reveals Woolton ignoring Guy's pleas to stop, with Woolton ostensibly raping her. When the tape is sent to Woolton, he is led to assume that Samuels is behind the scheme and backs Urquhart in the contest. Urquhart also receives support from Collingridge, who is unaware of Urquhart's role in his own downfall. Samuels is forced out of the running when the tabloids reveal that he backed leftist causes as a student. </p><p>Seeing contradictions in the allegations against Collingridge and his brother, Mattie begins to dig deeper, while falling in love with Urquhart and blinding herself to his possible role. On Urquhart's orders, O'Neill vandalises her car and throws a brick with a threatening letter through her window. O'Neill becomes increasingly uneasy with what he is being asked to do, and his addiction adds to his instability. When he threatens to go to the police, Urquhart invites him to his home in <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, promising O'Neill a <a href="/wiki/Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a>. There, O'Neill becomes completely inebriated before passing out. Urquhart mixes O'Neill's cocaine with rat poison, causing him to die after he takes the cocaine in a toilet at a nearby motorway service station. </p><p>Mattie's colleague, John Krajewski, insists that Urquhart was the only one with the means, motive and opportunity. Knowing that Urquhart as Chief Whip was adroit at gaining information sensitive enough to blackmail almost anyone, Mattie realises that he is responsible for O'Neill's death and the downfall of his rivals. She confronts Urquhart on the roof garden of the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a>, demanding to know if he killed Roger O’Neill. He admits to everything, then throws her off the roof to her death. She lands on the roof of a van parked below. An unseen person picks up Mattie's tape recorder, which she had been using to record her conversations with Urquhart. The series ends with Urquhart defeating Samuels in the second leadership ballot and being driven to <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> to be invited to form a government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deviations_from_the_novel_in_the_series">Deviations from the novel in the series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Deviations from the novel in the series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first novel, but not in the television series: </p> <ul><li>Urquhart never speaks directly to the reader; the character is written solely in a <a href="/wiki/Third-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person narrative">third-person</a> perspective.</li> <li>When alone, Urquhart is much less self-assured and decisive.</li> <li>Mattie Storin works for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. (In the television series she is a journalist with the fictional <i>Chronicle</i> newspaper.)</li> <li>Mattie Storin does not have a relationship with Urquhart; she does not even talk to him frequently. She does, however, have a sexual relationship with John Krajewski.</li> <li>Urquhart's wife is called Miranda and is a minor character, not sharing in his schemes. (In the later novels, <i><a href="/wiki/To_Play_the_King" title="To Play the King">To Play the King</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Cut_(TV_serial)" title="The Final Cut (TV serial)">The Final Cut</a></i>, however, she is called "<a href="/wiki/Minor_characters_in_the_House_of_Cards_trilogy#Elizabeth_Urquhart" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor characters in the House of Cards trilogy">Elizabeth</a>" and plays a larger role, as in the television series.)</li> <li>The Conservative <a href="/wiki/Party_conference" title="Party conference">party conference</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>. (In the television series it is held in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>.)</li> <li>The minor character <a href="/wiki/Minor_characters_in_the_House_of_Cards_trilogy#Tim_Stamper,_MP" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor characters in the House of Cards trilogy">Tim Stamper</a> is introduced for the on-screen adaptation.</li> <li>Earle's <a href="/wiki/Rent_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent boy">rent boy</a> appears in person at an important speech of Earle's, distracting him; subsequently, Earle is harassed by reporters who have been told of his indiscretion.</li> <li>In the final confrontation scene Urquhart throws himself from the roof terrace and Mattie survives.</li></ul> <p>Before the series was reissued in 2013 to coincide with the release of the American version of <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">House of Cards</a></i>, Dobbs rewrote portions of the novel to bring the series in line with the television series and restore continuity among the three novels.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2013 version: </p> <ul><li>Urquhart murders Mattie Storin, throwing her off the roof after she confronts Urquhart about his actions.</li> <li>Mattie Storin does not scream "Daddy" as she falls.</li> <li>Urquhart covers up his murder of Mattie Storin by claiming she was an obsessed stalker who was mentally ill and vows to make mental health amongst the young a priority.</li> <li>Mattie Storin works for newspaper <i>The Chronicle</i>, per the TV series.</li> <li>Urquhart's wife Miranda is changed to Mortima.</li> <li>Tim Stamper, though present in the serial, does not appear in the revised version of the novel.</li> <li>Urquhart makes asides to the audience in the form of epigraphs at the beginning of each chapter (the original novel has no chapters).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first installment of the TV series coincidentally aired two days before the <a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">Conservative Party leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardsons-rule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a time of "disillusionment with politics", the series "caught the nation's mood".<sup id="cite_ref-independent_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ian Richardson won the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="British Academy Television Award for Best Actor">British Academy Television Award for Best Actor</a> in 1991 for his role as Urquhart, and Andrew Davies won an <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Writing_for_a_Miniseries,_Movie_or_a_Dramatic_Special#1990s" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special">Emmy</a> for outstanding writing in a miniseries. </p><p>The series ranked 84th in the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> list of the <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_British_Television_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Greatest British Television Programmes">100 Greatest British Television Programmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BFI100_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI100-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_adaptation">American adaptation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">House of Cards (American TV series)</a></div> <p>The Urquhart trilogy has been adapted in the United States as <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">House of Cards</a></i>. The show stars <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Underwood_(House_of_Cards)" title="Frank Underwood (House of Cards)">Francis "Frank" Underwood</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Majority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Whip">Majority Whip</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Democratic Party">Democratic</a> caucus in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>, who schemes and murders his way to becoming <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. It is produced by <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> and Spacey's Trigger Street Productions, with the initial episodes directed by Fincher. </p><p>The series, produced and financed by independent studio <a href="/wiki/MRC_(company)" title="MRC (company)">Media Rights Capital</a>, was one of <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>'s first forays into original programming. Series one was made available online on 1 February 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Premiere_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Premiere-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series was filmed in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-netflix001_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netflix001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deadline001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aoltv001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aoltv001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first series was critically acclaimed and earned four <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Nominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Nominations">Golden Globe Nominations</a>, including Best Drama, actor, actress and supporting actor, with <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wright" title="Robin Wright">Robin Wright</a> winning best actress. It also earned nine <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a> nominations, winning three, and was the first show to earn nominations that was broadcast solely via an internet streaming service.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drama introduced and popularised<sup id="cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardsons-rule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the phrase: "You might very well think that; I couldn't possibly comment". It was a non-confirmation confirmative statement, used by Urquhart whenever he could not be seen to agree with a leading statement; with the emphasis on either the "I" or the "possibly", depending on the situation. The phrase was even used in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Committees of the United Kingdom">Parliamentary Committees</a> following the series.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Charles (as he was known at the time) himself said the phrase in response to a provocative question from a journalist in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variation on the phrase was written into <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett%27s_Hogfather" title="Terry Pratchett's Hogfather">the TV adaptation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hogfather" title="Hogfather">Hogfather</a></i> for the character <a href="/wiki/Death_(Discworld)" title="Death (Discworld)">Death</a>, as an in-joke based on the fact that he was voiced by Richardson. </p><p>During the first Gulf War, a British reporter speaking from Baghdad – conscious of the possibility of censorship – used the code phrase "You might very well think that; I couldn't possibly comment" to answer a BBC presenter's question. </p><p>A further variation was used by Nicola Murray, a fictional government minister, in the third series finale of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thick_of_It" title="The Thick of It">The Thick of It</a></i>. </p><p>In the American adaptation, the phrase is used by Frank Underwood in the first episode during his initial meeting with Zoe Barnes, the American counterpart of Mattie Storin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">List of <i>House of Cards</i> trilogy characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in fiction">Politics in fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_British_Coup_(TV_series)" title="A Very British Coup (TV series)">A Very British Coup</a></i>, a similar drama of fictional contemporary British politics from a left-wing perspective</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yes_Minister" title="Yes Minister">Yes Minister</a></i> (and its sequel <i>Yes, Prime Minister</i>), a satirical sitcom about a generic British government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of fictional prime ministers of the United Kingdom">List of fictional prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Cards_(British_TV_series)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123031846/http://www.musicroom.com/se/id_no/072325/details.html">"Jim Parker: Francis Urquhart's March"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicroom.com/se/id_no/072325/details.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jim+Parker%3A+Francis+Urquhart%27s+March&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicroom.com%2Fse%2Fid_no%2F072325%2Fdetails.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Cards+%28British+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFI100-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFI100_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFI100_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527104303/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/tv/100/list/prog.php?id=84">"British Film Institute list of 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, No. 84"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/tv/100/list/prog.php?id=84">the original</a> on 27 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Film+Institute+list+of+100+Greatest+British+Television+Programmes%2C+No.+84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Ftv%2F100%2Flist%2Fprog.php%3Fid%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Cards+%28British+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/house_of_cards.shtml">"BBC Four Drama – House of Cards"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Four+Drama+%E2%80%93+House+of+Cards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbbcfour%2Fcinema%2Ffeatures%2Fhouse_of_cards.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Cards+%28British+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardsons-rule-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardsons-rule_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6346897.stm">"Richardson's rule in House of Cards"</a>. London: BBC. 9 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Richardson%27s+rule+in+House+of+Cards&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F6346897.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Cards+%28British+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartmell2007" class="citation book cs1">Cartmell, Deborah (2007). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521614863" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521614863"><bdi>978-0521614863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Literature+on+Screen&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0521614863&rft.aulast=Cartmell&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Cards+%28British+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/book-deals/article/61044-sourcebooks-releases-house-of-cards-today.html">"Sourcebooks Releases 'House of Cards'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>publishersweekly.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Michael Dobbs">Michael Dobbs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original BBC adaptation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Cards</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Play_the_King" title="To Play the King">To Play the King</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Cut_(TV_serial)" title="The Final Cut (TV serial)">The Final Cut</a></i> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_trilogy_characters" title="List of House of Cards trilogy characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Urquhart" title="Francis Urquhart">Francis Urquhart</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netflix adaptation<br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)"><i>House of Cards</i></a> (2013–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_episodes" title="List of House of Cards episodes">Episodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_1" title="House of Cards season 1">Season 1</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_1_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 1 (House of Cards)">Chapter 1</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_2_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 2 (House of Cards)">Chapter 2</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_3_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 3 (House of Cards)">Chapter 3</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_4_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 4 (House of Cards)">Chapter 4</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_5_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 5 (House of Cards)">Chapter 5</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_6_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 6 (House of Cards)">Chapter 6</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chapter_7_(House_of_Cards)" title="Chapter 7 (House of Cards)">Chapter 7</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_2" title="House of Cards season 2">Season 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_3" title="House of Cards season 3">Season 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_4" title="House of Cards season 4">Season 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_5" title="House of Cards season 5">Season 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_season_6" title="House of Cards season 6">Season 6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)_characters" title="List of House of Cards (American TV series) characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Underwood_(House_of_Cards)" title="Frank Underwood (House of Cards)">Frank Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Underwood" title="Claire Underwood">Claire Underwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_House_of_Cards" title="List of awards and nominations received by House of Cards">Awards and nominations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Cards" title="Category:House of Cards">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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