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Medium</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Slab Medium"> <meta name="keywords" content="Slab Medium"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Slab Medium"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 885</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Slab Medium</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Evaluation of Optimal Residence Time in a Hot Rolled Reheating Furnace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dong-Eun%20Lee">Dong-Eun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To calculate the temperature distribution of the slab in a hot rolled reheating furnace a mathematical model has been developed by considering the thermal radiation in the furnace and transient conduction in the slab. The furnace is modeled as radiating medium with spatially varying temperature. Radiative heat flux within the furnace including the effect of furnace walls, combustion gases, skid beams and buttons is calculated using the FVM and is applied as the boundary condition of the transient conduction equation of the slab. After determining the slab emissivity by comparison between simulation and experimental work, variation of heating characteristics in the slab is investigated in the case of changing furnace temperature with various time and the slab residence time is optimized with this evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reheating%20Furnace" title="Reheating Furnace">Reheating Furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20Radiation" title=" Thermal Radiation"> Thermal Radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ResidenceTime" title=" ResidenceTime"> ResidenceTime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FVM%20for%20Radiation" title=" FVM for Radiation"> FVM for Radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/evaluation-of-optimal-residence-time-in-a-hot-rolled-reheating-furnace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> On the Thermal Behavior of the Slab in a Reheating Furnace with Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gyo%20Woo%20Lee">Gyo Woo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of transient heating of the slab in a direct-fired walking beam type reheating furnace has been developed by considering the nongray thermal radiation with given furnace environments. The furnace is modeled as radiating nongray medium with carbon dioxide and water with five-zoned gas temperature and the furnace wall is considered as a constant temperature lower than furnace gas one. The slabs are moving with constant velocity depending on the residence time through the non-firing, charging, preheating, heating, and final soaking zones. Radiative heat flux obtained by considering the radiative heat exchange inside the furnace as well as convective one from the surrounding hot gases are introduced as boundary condition of the transient heat conduction within the slab. After validating thermal radiation model adopted in this work, thermal fields in both model and real reheating furnace are investigated in terms of radiative heat flux in the furnace and temperature inside the slab. The results show that the slab in the furnace can be more heated with higher slab emissivity and residence time.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reheating%20Furnace" title="Reheating Furnace">Reheating Furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steel%20Slab" title=" Steel Slab"> Steel Slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radiative%20Heat%20Transfer" title=" Radiative Heat Transfer"> Radiative Heat Transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSGGM" title=" WSGGM"> WSGGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emissivity" title=" Emissivity"> Emissivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Residence%20Time." title=" Residence Time."> Residence Time.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/on-the-thermal-behavior-of-the-slab-in-a-reheating-furnace-with-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">883</span> Behavior and Strength of Slab-Edge Beam-Column Connections under Shear Force and Moment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Ben-Sasi">Omar M. Ben-Sasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A total of fourteen slab-edge beam-column connection specimens were tested gradually to failure under the effect of simultaneous action of shear force and moment. The objective was to investigate the influence of some parameters thought to be important on the behavior and strength of slab-column connections with edge beams encountered in flat slab flooring and roofing systems. The parameters included the existence and strength of edge beam, depth and width of edge beam, steel reinforcement ratio of slab, ratio of moment to shear force, and the existence of openings in the region next to the column.</p> <p>Results obtained demonstrated the importance of the studied parameters on the strength and behavior of slab-column connections with edge beams.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strength" title="Strength">Strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flat%20slab" title=" flat slab"> flat slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab-column%20connections" title=" slab-column connections"> slab-column connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20force" title=" shear force"> shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=moment" title=" moment"> moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=behavior." title=" behavior."> behavior.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/behavior-and-strength-of-slab-edge-beam-column-connections-under-shear-force-and-moment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">882</span> Discrimination of Modes of Double- and Single-Negative Grounded Slab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Borghol">R. Borghol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Aguili"> T. Aguili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we investigate theoretically the waves propagation in a lossless double-negative grounded slab (DNG). This study is performed by the Transverse Resonance Method (TRM). The proper or improper nature of real and complex modes is observed. They are highly dependent on metamaterial parameters, i.e. 蓻<sub>r</sub>-negative, µ<sub>r</sub>-negative, or both. Numerical results provided that only the proper complex modes (i.e., leaky modes) exist in DNG slab, and only the improper complex modes exist in single-negative grounded slab.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Double-negative%20grounded%20slab" title="Double-negative grounded slab">Double-negative grounded slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=real%20and%20complex%20modes" title=" real and complex modes"> real and complex modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=single-negative%20grounded%20slab" title=" single-negative grounded slab"> single-negative grounded slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transverse%20resonance%20method." title=" transverse resonance method."> transverse resonance method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/discrimination-of-modes-of-double-and-single-negative-grounded-slab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">961</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">881</span> Electromagnetic Imaging of Inhomogeneous Dielectric Cylinders Buried in a Slab Mediumby TE Wave Illumination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chung-Hsin%20Huang">Chung-Hsin Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chien-Ching%20Chiu"> Chien-Ching Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chun%20Jen%20Lin"> Chun Jen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electromagnetic imaging of inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders buried in a slab medium by transverse electric (TE) wave illumination is investigated. Dielectric cylinders of unknown permittivities are buried in second space and scattered a group of unrelated waves incident from first space where the scattered field is recorded. By proper arrangement of the various unrelated incident fields, the difficulties of ill-posedness and nonlinearity are circumvented, and the permittivity distribution can be reconstructed through simple matrix operations. The algorithm is based on the moment method and the unrelated illumination method. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the capability of the inverse algorithm. Good reconstruction is obtained even in the presence of additive Gaussian random noise in measured data. In addition, the effect of noise on the reconstruction result is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slab%20Medium" title="Slab Medium">Slab Medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unrelated%20Illumination%20Method" title=" Unrelated Illumination Method"> Unrelated Illumination Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TEWave%20Illumination" title=" TEWave Illumination"> TEWave Illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inhomogeneous%20Cylinders." title=" Inhomogeneous Cylinders."> Inhomogeneous Cylinders.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/electromagnetic-imaging-of-inhomogeneous-dielectric-cylinders-buried-in-a-slab-mediumby-te-wave-illumination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">880</span> 3-D Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of Slab Heating Characteristics in a Reheating Furnace in Hot Strip Mills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Jang">J. Y. Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20W.%20Lee"> Y. W. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20N.%20Lin"> C. N. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20H.%20Wang"> C. H. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reheating furnace is used to reheat the steel slabs before the hot-rolling process. The supported system includes the stationary/moving beams, and the skid buttons which block some thermal radiation transmitted to the bottom of the slabs. Therefore, it is important to analyze the steel slab temperature distribution during the heating period. A three-dimensional mathematical transient heat transfer model for the prediction of temperature distribution within the slab has been developed. The effects of different skid button height (H=60mm, 90mm, and 120mm) and different gap distance between two slabs (S=50mm, 75mm, and 100mm) on the slab skid mark formation and temperature profiles are investigated. Comparison with the in-situ experimental data from Steel Company in Taiwan shows that the present heat transfer model works well for the prediction of thermal behavior of the slab in the reheating furnace. It is found that the skid mark severity decreases with an increase in the skid button height. The effect of gap distance is important only for the slab edge planes, while it is insignificant for the slab central planes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3-D" title="3-D">3-D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab" title=" slab"> slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transient%20heat%20conduction" title=" transient heat conduction"> transient heat conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reheating%0D%0Afurnace" title=" reheating furnace"> reheating furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20radiation." title=" thermal radiation."> thermal radiation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/3-d-transient-heat-transfer-analysis-of-slab-heating-characteristics-in-a-reheating-furnace-in-hot-strip-mills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">879</span> Performance of Bridge Approach Slabs in Bridge Construction: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aurora%20Cerri">Aurora Cerri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Niko%20Pullojani"> Niko Pullojani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Long-term differential settlement between the bridge structure and the bridge embankment typically results in an abrupt grade change, causing driver discomfort, impairing driver safety, and exerting a potentially excessive impact traffic loading on the abutment. This paper has analysed a case of study showing the effect of an approaching slab realized in a bridge constructed at Tirane-Elbasan Motorway. The layer thickness under the slab is modeled as homogenous, the slab is a reinforced concrete structure and over that the asphaltic layers take place. Analysis indicates that reinforced concrete approaching slab distributes the stresses quite uniformly into the road fill layers and settlements varies in a range less than 2.50 cm in the total slab length of 6.00 m with a maximum slope of 1/240. Results taken from analytical analysis are compared with topographic measurements done on field and they carry great similarities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Approach%20slab" title="Approach slab">Approach slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bridge" title=" bridge"> bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=road%20pavement" title=" road pavement"> road pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=differential%20settlement." title=" differential settlement."> differential settlement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/performance-of-bridge-approach-slabs-in-bridge-construction-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">878</span> Viability of Slab Sliding System for Single Story Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Iihoshi">C. Iihoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.A.%20MacRae"> G.A. MacRae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.W.%20Rodgers"> G.W. Rodgers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.G.%20Chase"> J.G. Chase</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Slab sliding system (SSS) with Coulomb friction  interface between slab and supporting frame is a passive structural  vibration control technology. The system can significantly reduce the  slab acceleration and accompanied lateral force of the frame. At the  same time it is expected to cause the slab displacement magnification  by sliding movement. To obtain the general comprehensive seismic  response of a single story structure, inelastic response spectra were  computed for a large ensemble of ground motions and a practical range  of structural periods and friction coefficient values. It was shown that  long period structures have no trade-off relation between force  reduction and displacement magnification with respect to elastic  response, unlike short period structures. For structures with the  majority of mass in the slab, the displacement magnification value can  be predicted according to simple inelastic displacement relation for  inelastically responding SDOF structures because the system behaves  elastically to a SDOF structure.</p> <p> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Earthquake" title="Earthquake">Earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Isolation" title=" Isolation"> Isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slab" title=" Slab"> Slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sliding." title=" Sliding."> Sliding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/viability-of-slab-sliding-system-for-single-story-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1926</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> Behavior of Concrete Slab Track on Asphalt Trackbed Subjected to Thermal Load </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung">Woo Young Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seong%20Hyeok%20Lee"> Seong Hyeok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin%20Wook%20Lee"> Jin Wook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bu%20Seog%20Ju"> Bu Seog Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Concrete track slab and asphalt trackbed are being introduced in Korea for providing good bearing capacity, durability to the track and comfortable rideness to passengers. Such a railway system has been designed by the train load so as to ensure stability. But there is lack of research and design for temperature changes which influence the behavior characteristics of concrete and asphalt. Therefore, in this study, the behavior characteristics of concrete track slab subjected to varying temperatures were analyzed through structural analysis using the finite element analysis program. The structural analysis was performed by considering the friction condition on the boundary surfaces in order to analyze the interaction between concrete slab and asphalt trackbed. As a result, the design of the railway system should be designed by considering the interaction and temperature changes between concrete track slab and asphalt trackbed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Con%E2%80%99c%20Track%20Slab" title="Con鈥檆 Track Slab">Con鈥檆 Track Slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asphalt%20Trackbed" title=" Asphalt Trackbed"> Asphalt Trackbed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20Load" title=" Thermal Load"> Thermal Load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Friction%20Condition." title=" Friction Condition."> Friction Condition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/behavior-of-concrete-slab-track-on-asphalt-trackbed-subjected-to-thermal-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> Solving Transient Conduction and Radiation Using Finite Volume Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashok%20K.%20Satapathy">Ashok K. Satapathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prerana%20Nashine"> Prerana Nashine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Radiative heat transfer in participating medium was carried out using the finite volume method. The radiative transfer equations are formulated for absorbing and anisotropically scattering and emitting medium. The solution strategy is discussed and the conditions for computational stability are conferred. The equations have been solved for transient radiative medium and transient radiation incorporated with transient conduction. Results have been obtained for irradiation and corresponding heat fluxes for both the cases. The solutions can be used to conclude incident energy and surface heat flux. Transient solutions were obtained for a slab of heat conducting in slab and by thermal radiation. The effect of heat conduction during the transient phase is to partially equalize the internal temperature distribution. The solution procedure provides accurate temperature distributions in these regions. A finite volume procedure with variable space and time increments is used to solve the transient radiation equation. The medium in the enclosure absorbs, emits, and anisotropically scatters radiative energy. The incident radiations and the radiative heat fluxes are presented in graphical forms. The phase function anisotropy plays a significant role in the radiation heat transfer when the boundary condition is non-symmetric.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Participating%20media" title="Participating media">Participating media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radiation%20coupled%20with%20conduction" title=" radiation coupled with conduction"> radiation coupled with conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20transfer." title=" heat transfer."> heat transfer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/solving-transient-conduction-and-radiation-using-finite-volume-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2959</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">875</span> Experimental Study on the Floor Vibration Evaluation of Concrete Slab for Existing Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yong-Taeg%20Lee">Yong-Taeg Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun-Ho%20Na"> Jun-Ho Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seung-Hun%20Kim"> Seung-Hun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seong-Uk%20Hong"> Seong-Uk Hong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Damages from noise and vibration are increasing every year, most of which are noises between floors in deteriorated building caused by floor impact sound. In this study, the concrete slab measured vibration impact sound for evaluation floor vibration of deteriorated buildings that fails to satisfy with the minimum thickness. In this experimental study, the vibration scale by impact sound was calibrated and compared with ISO and AIJ standard for vibration. The results show that vibration in slab with thickness used in existing building reach human perception levels.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vibration" title="Vibration">Vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency" title=" Frequency"> Frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accelerometer" title=" Accelerometer"> Accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Concrete%20slab." title=" Concrete slab."> Concrete slab.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/experimental-study-on-the-floor-vibration-evaluation-of-concrete-slab-for-existing-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3886</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">874</span> Effect of U-Turn in Reinforced Concrete Dog-Legged Stair Slabs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Baqi">Abdul Baqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zaid%20Mohammad"> Zaid Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete stair slabs with mid landings i.e. Dog-legged shaped are conventionally designed as per specifications of standard codes of practices which guide about the effective span according to the varying support conditions. Presently, the behavior of such slabs has been investigated using Finite Element method. A single flight stair slab with landings on both sides and supported at ends on wall, and a multi flight stair slab with landings and six different support arrangements have been analyzed. The results obtained for stresses, strains and deflections are used to describe the behavior of such stair slabs, including locations of critical moments and deflections. Values of critical moments obtained by F.E. analysis have also have been compared with that obtained from conventional analysis. Analytical results show that the moments are also critical near the kinks i.e. junction of mid-landing and inclined waist slab. This change in the behavior of dog-legged stair slab may be due to continuity of the material in transverse direction in two landings adjoining the waist slab, hence additional stiffness achieved. This change in the behavior is generally not taken care of in conventional method of design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dog-legged" title="Dog-legged">Dog-legged</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stair%20slab" title=" Stair slab"> Stair slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.E.%20Analysis" title=" F.E. Analysis"> F.E. Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Landing" title=" Landing"> Landing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reinforced%20concrete." title=" Reinforced concrete."> Reinforced concrete.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/effect-of-u-turn-in-reinforced-concrete-dog-legged-stair-slabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">873</span> Analytical Study on a Longitudinal Joints of the Slab-Type Modular Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sang-Yoon%20Lee">Sang-Yoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jung-Mi%20Lee"> Jung-Mi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyeong-Yeol%20Kim"> Hyeong-Yeol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jae-Joon%20Song"> Jae-Joon Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a longitudinal joint connection was proposed for the short-span slab-type modular bridges with rapid construction. The slab-type modular bridge consists of a number of precast slab modules and has the joint connection between the modules in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. A finite element based parameter analysis was conducted to design the shape and the dimensions of the longitudinal joint connection. Numbers of shear keys within the joint, height and depth of the shear key, tooth angle, and the spacing were considered as the design parameters. Using the local cracking load at the corner of the shear key and the cross-sectional area of the joint, an efficiency factor was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the longitudinal joint connection. The dimensions of shear key were determined by comparing the cracking loads and the efficiency factors obtained from the finite element analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=precast" title="precast">precast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab%20bridge" title=" slab bridge"> slab bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modular%20bridge" title=" modular bridge"> modular bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20key" title=" shear key"> shear key</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/analytical-study-on-a-longitudinal-joints-of-the-slab-type-modular-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">872</span> Reinforced Concrete Slab under Static and Dynamic Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aaron%20Aboshio">Aaron Aboshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jianqioa%20Ye"> Jianqioa Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, static and dynamic responses of a typical reinforced concrete solid slab, designed to British Standard (BS 8110: 1997) and under self and live loadings for dance halls are reported. Linear perturbation analysis using finite element method was employed for modal, impulse loading and frequency response analyses of the slab under the aforementioned loading condition. Results from the static and dynamic analyses, comprising of the slab fundamental frequencies and mode shapes, dynamic amplification factor, maximum deflection, stress distributions among other valuable outcomes are presented and discussed. These were gauged with the limiting provisions in the design code with a view of justifying valid optimization objective function for the structure that can ensure both adequate strength and economical section for large clear span slabs. This is necessary owing to the continued increase in cost of erecting building structures and the squeeze on public finance globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Economical%20design" title="Economical design">Economical design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20element%20method" title=" Finite element method"> Finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modal%0D%0Adynamics" title=" Modal dynamics"> Modal dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reinforced%20concrete" title=" Reinforced concrete"> Reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slab." title=" Slab."> Slab.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/reinforced-concrete-slab-under-static-and-dynamic-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">871</span> Effect of Scale on Slab Heat Transfer in a Walking Beam Type Reheating Furnace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim">Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this work, the effects of scale on thermal behavior of the slab in a walking-beam type reheating furnace is studied by considering scale formation and growth in a furnace environment. Also, mathematical heat transfer model to predict the thermal radiation in a complex shaped reheating furnace with slab and skid buttons is developed with combined nongray WSGGM and blocked-off solution <span style="line-height: 1.6em;">procedure. The model can attack the heat flux distribution within the </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">furnace and the temperature distribution in the slab throughout the </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">reheating furnace process by considering the heat exchange between </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">the slab and its surroundings, including the radiant heat transfer among </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">the slabs, the skids, the hot combustion gases and the furnace wall as </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">well as the gas convective heat transfer in the furnace. With the </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">introduction of the mathematical formulations validation of the present </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">numerical model is conducted by calculating two example problems of </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">blocked-off and nongray gas radiative heat transfer. After discussing </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">the formation and growth of the scale on the slab surface, slab heating </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">characteristics with scale is investigated in terms of temperature rise </span><span style="line-height: 1.6em;">with time. </span></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reheating%20Furnace" title="Reheating Furnace">Reheating Furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scale" title=" Scale"> Scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steel%20Slab" title=" Steel Slab"> Steel Slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radiative%20Heat%0D%0ATransfer" title=" Radiative Heat Transfer"> Radiative Heat Transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSGGM." title=" WSGGM."> WSGGM.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/effect-of-scale-on-slab-heat-transfer-in-a-walking-beam-type-reheating-furnace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">870</span> Comparative Safety Performance Evaluation of Profiled Deck Composite Slab from the Use of Slope-Intercept and Partial Shear Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Izian%20Abd.%20Karim">Izian Abd. Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kachalla%20Mohammed"> Kachalla Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nora%20Farah%20A.%20A.%20Aziz"> Nora Farah A. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Law%20Teik%20Hua"> Law Teik Hua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The economic use and ease of construction of profiled deck composite slab is marred with the complex and un-economic strength verification required for the serviceability and general safety considerations. Beside these, albeit factors such as shear span length, deck geometries and mechanical frictions greatly influence the longitudinal shear strength, that determines the ultimate strength of profiled deck composite slab, and number of methods available for its determination; partial shear and slope-intercept are the two methods according to Euro-code 4 provision. However, the complexity associated with shear behavior of profiled deck composite slab, the use of these methods in determining the load carrying capacities of such slab yields different and conflicting values. This couple with the time and cost constraint associated with the strength verification is a source of concern that draws more attentions nowadays, the issue is critical. Treating some of these known shear strength influencing factors as random variables, the load carrying capacity violation of profiled deck composite slab from the use of the two-methods defined according to Euro-code 4 are determined using reliability approach, and comparatively studied. The study reveals safety values from the use of m-k method shows good standing compared with that from the partial shear method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20slab" title="Composite slab">Composite slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=first%20order%20reliability%20method" title=" first order reliability method"> first order reliability method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=longitudinal%20shear" title=" longitudinal shear"> longitudinal shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=partial%20shear%20connection" title=" partial shear connection"> partial shear connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slope-intercept." title=" slope-intercept."> slope-intercept.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/comparative-safety-performance-evaluation-of-profiled-deck-composite-slab-from-the-use-of-slope-intercept-and-partial-shear-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1910</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">869</span> Study on Two Way Reinforced Concrete Slab Using ANSYS with Different Boundary Conditions and Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Gherbi">A. Gherbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Dahmani"> L. Dahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Boudjemia"> A. Boudjemia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing the failure pattern of rectangular slab with various edge conditions. Non-Linear static analysis is carried out using ANSYS 15 Software. Using SOLID65 solid elements, the compressive crushing of concrete is facilitated using plasticity algorithm, while the concrete cracking in tension zone is accommodated by the nonlinear material model. Smeared reinforcement is used and introduced as a percentage of steel embedded in concrete slab. The behavior of the analyzed concrete slab has been observed in terms of the crack pattern and displacement for various loading and boundary conditions. The finite element results are also compared with the experimental data. One of the other objectives of the present study is to show how similar the crack path found by ANSYS program to those observed for the yield line analysis. The smeared reinforcement method is found to be more practical especially for the layered elements like concrete slabs. The value of this method is that it does not require explicit modeling of the rebar, and thus a much coarser mesh can be defined.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANSYS" title="ANSYS">ANSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cracking%20pattern" title=" cracking pattern"> cracking pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=displacements" title=" displacements"> displacements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RC%20Slab" title=" RC Slab"> RC Slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=smeared%20reinforcement." title=" smeared reinforcement. "> smeared reinforcement. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/study-on-two-way-reinforced-concrete-slab-using-ansys-with-different-boundary-conditions-and-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">868</span> Modelling of Composite Steel and Concrete Beam with the Lightweight Concrete Slab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20P%C5%99iv%C5%99elov%C3%A1">V. P艡iv艡elov谩</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Well-designed composite steel and concrete structures highlight the good material properties and lower the deficiencies of steel and concrete, in particular they make use of high tensile strength of steel and high stiffness of concrete. The most common composite steel and concrete structure is a simply supported beam, which concrete slab transferring the slab load to a beam is connected to the steel cross-section. The aim of this paper is to find the most adequate numerical model of a simply supported composite beam with the cross-sectional and material parameters based on the results of a processed parametric study and numerical analysis. The paper also evaluates the suitability of using compact concrete with the lightweight aggregates for composite steel and concrete beams. The most adequate numerical model will be used in the resent future to compare the results of laboratory tests.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20beams" title="Composite beams">Composite beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high-performance%20concrete" title=" high-performance concrete"> high-performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=highstrength%0D%0Asteel" title=" highstrength steel"> highstrength steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lightweight%20concrete%20slab" title=" lightweight concrete slab"> lightweight concrete slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling." title=" modeling."> modeling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/modelling-of-composite-steel-and-concrete-beam-with-the-lightweight-concrete-slab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">867</span> Buildings Founded on Thermal Insulation Layer Subjected to Earthquake Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Koren">D. Koren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Kilar"> V. Kilar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The modern energy-efficient houses are often founded on a thermal insulation (TI) layer placed under the building’s RC foundation slab.The purpose of the paper is to identify the potential problems of the buildings founded on TI layer from the seismic point of view. The two main goals of the study were to assess the seismic behavior of such buildings, and to search for the critical structural parameters affecting the response of the superstructure as well as of the extruded polystyrene (XPS) layer. As a test building a multi-storeyed RC frame structure with and without the XPS layer under the foundation slab has been investigated utilizing nonlinear dynamic (time-history) and static (pushover) analyses. The structural response has been investigated with reference to the following performance parameters: i) Building’s lateral roof displacements, ii) Edge compressive and shear strains of the XPS, iii) Horizontal accelerations of the superstructure, iv) Plastic hinge patterns of the superstructure, v) Part of the foundation in compression, and vi) Deformations of the underlying soil and vertical displacements of the foundation slab (i.e. identifying the potential uplift). The results have shown that in the case of higher and stiff structures lying on firm soil the use of XPS under the foundation slab might induce amplified structural peak responses compared to the building models without XPS under the foundation slab. The analysis has revealed that the superstructure as well as the XPS response is substantially affected by the stiffness of the foundation slab.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extruded%20polystyrene%20%28XPS%29" title="Extruded polystyrene (XPS)">Extruded polystyrene (XPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=foundation%20on%20thermal%20insulation" title=" foundation on thermal insulation"> foundation on thermal insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy-efficient%20buildings" title=" energy-efficient buildings"> energy-efficient buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20seismic%20analysis" title=" nonlinear seismic analysis"> nonlinear seismic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response"> seismic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soil%E2%80%93structure%20interaction." title=" soil鈥搒tructure interaction."> soil鈥搒tructure interaction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/buildings-founded-on-thermal-insulation-layer-subjected-to-earthquake-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">866</span> In situ Observation of the State and Stability of Hemoglobin Adsorbed onto Glass Surface by Slab Optical Waveguide (SOWG) Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masayoshi%20Matsui">Masayoshi Matsui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akiko%20Nakahara"> Akiko Nakahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akiko%20Takatsu"> Akiko Takatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kenji%20Kato"> Kenji Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naoki%20Matsuda"> Naoki Matsuda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The state and stability of hemoglobin adsorbed on the glass surface was investigated using slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy. The peak position of the absorption band of hemoglobin adsorbed on the glass surface was same as that of the hemoglobin in solution. This result suggests that no significant denaturation occurred by adsorption. The adsorption of hemoglobin is relatively strong that the hemoglobin molecules even remained adsorbed after rinsing the cell with buffer solution. The peak shift caused by the reduction of adsorbed hemoglobin was also observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hemoglobin" title="hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab%20optical%20waveguide%0Aspectroscopy" title=" slab optical waveguide spectroscopy"> slab optical waveguide spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%2Fliquid%20interface." title=" solid/liquid interface."> solid/liquid interface.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/in-situ-observation-of-the-state-and-stability-of-hemoglobin-adsorbed-onto-glass-surface-by-slab-optical-waveguide-sowg-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> Surveillance for African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever in Benue State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Asambe">A. Asambe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20K.%20B.%20Sackey"> A. K. B. Sackey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20B.%20Tekdek"> L. B. Tekdek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A serosurveillance study was conducted to detect the presence of antibodies to African swine fever virus (ASFV) and Classical swine fever virus in pigs sampled from piggeries and Makurdi central slaughter slab in Benue State, Nigeria. 416 pigs from 74 piggeries across 12 LGAs and 44 pigs at the Makurdi central slaughter slab were sampled for serum. The sera collected were analysed using Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test kit to test for antibodies to ASFV, while competitive ELISA test kit was used to test for antibodies to CSFV. Of the 416 pigs from piggeries and 44 pigs sampled from the slaughter slab, seven (1.7%) and six (13.6%), respectively, tested positive to ASFV antibodies and was significantly associated (p < 0.0001). Out of the 12 LGAs sampled, Obi LGA had the highest ASFV antibody detection rate of (4.8%) and was significantly associated (p < 0.0001). None of the samples tested positive to CSFV antibodies. The study concluded that antibodies to CSFV were absent in the sampled pigs in piggeries and at the Makurdi central slaughter slab in Benue State, while antibodies to ASFV were present in both locations; hence, the need to keep an eye open for CSF too since both diseases may pose great risk in the study area. Further studies to characterise the ASFV circulating in Benue State and investigate the possible sources is recommended. Routine surveillance to provide a comprehensive and readily accessible data base to plan for the prevention of any fulminating outbreak is also recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=African%20swine%20fever" title="African swine fever">African swine fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classical%20swine%20fever" title=" classical swine fever"> classical swine fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=piggery" title=" piggery"> piggery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slaughter%20slab" title=" slaughter slab"> slaughter slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surveillance." title=" surveillance."> surveillance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/surveillance-for-african-swine-fever-and-classical-swine-fever-in-benue-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1059</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">864</span> Calculation of Voided Slabs Rigidities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gee-Cheol%20Kim">Gee-Cheol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joo-Won%20Kang"> Joo-Won Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical study of the rigidities of slabs with circular voids oriented in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction is discussed. Equations are presented for predicting the bending and torsional rigidities of the voided slabs. This paper summarizes the results of an extensive literature search and initial review of the current methods of analyzing voided slab. The various methods of calculating the equivalent plate parameters, which are necessary for two-dimensional analysis, are also reviewed. Static deflections on voided slabs are shown to be in good agreement with proposed equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=voided%20slab" title="voided slab">voided slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bending%20rigidity" title=" bending rigidity"> bending rigidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=torsional%20rigidity" title=" torsional rigidity"> torsional rigidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orthotropic%20plate" title=" orthotropic plate"> orthotropic plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/calculation-of-voided-slabs-rigidities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3865</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">863</span> Evaluation for Punching Shear Strength of Slab-Column Connections with Ultra High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Overlay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20S.%20Youm">H. S. Youm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20G.%20Hong"> S. G. Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the test results on 5 slab-column connection specimens with Ultra High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) overlay including 1 control specimen to investigate retrofitting effect of UHPFRC overlay on the punching shear capacity. The test parameters were the thickness of the UHPFRC overlay and the amount of steel re-bars in it. All specimens failed in punching shear mode with abrupt failure aspect. The test results showed that by adding a thin layer of UHPFRC over the Reinforced Concrete (RC) substrates, considerable increases in global punching shear resistance up to 82% and structural rigidity were achieved. Furthermore, based on the cracking patterns the composite systems appeared to be governed by two failure modes: 1) diagonal shear failure in RC section and 2) debonding failure at the interface.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Punching%20shear%20strength" title="Punching shear strength">Punching shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=retrofit" title=" retrofit"> retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab-column%20connection" title=" slab-column connection"> slab-column connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UHPFRC" title=" UHPFRC"> UHPFRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UHPFRC%20overlay." title=" UHPFRC overlay."> UHPFRC overlay.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/evaluation-for-punching-shear-strength-of-slab-column-connections-with-ultra-high-performance-fiber-reinforced-concrete-overlay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1026</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">862</span> Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cantilever Beam with External Prestressing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20I.%20Liban">R. I. Liban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tay%C5%9Fi"> N. Tay艧i</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper deals with a nonlinear finite element analysis to examine the behavior up to failure of cantilever composite steel-concrete beams which are prestressed externally. 'Pre-' means stressing the high strength external tendons in the steel beam section before the concrete slab is added. The composite beam contains a concrete slab which is connected together with steel I-beam by means of perfect shear connectors between the concrete slab and the steel beam which is subjected to static loading. A finite element analysis will be done to study the effects of external prestressed tendons on the composite steel-concrete beams by locating the tendons in different locations (profiles). ANSYS version 12.1 computer program is being used to analyze the represented three-dimensional model of the cantilever composite beam. This model gives all these outputs, mainly load-displacement behavior of the cantilever end and in the middle span of the simple support part.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Composite%20steel-concrete%20beams" title="Composite steel-concrete beams">Composite steel-concrete beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=external%20prestressing" title=" external prestressing"> external prestressing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANSYS." title=" ANSYS."> ANSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/nonlinear-finite-element-analysis-of-composite-cantilever-beam-with-external-prestressing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">861</span> Computation and Validation of the Stress Distribution around a Circular Hole in a Slab Undergoing Plastic Deformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20D.%20El%20Wakil">S. D. El Wakil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Rice"> J. Rice</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the current work was to employ the finite element method to model a slab, with a small hole across its width, undergoing plastic plane strain deformation. The computational model had, however, to be validated by comparing its results with those obtained experimentally. Since they were in good agreement, the finite element method can therefore be considered a reliable tool that can help gain better understanding of the mechanism of ductile failure in structural members having stress raisers. The finite element software used was ANSYS, and the PLANE183 element was utilized. It is a higher order 2-D, 8-node or 6-node element with quadratic displacement behavior. A bilinear stress-strain relationship was used to define the material properties, with constants similar to those of the material used in the experimental study. The model was run for several tensile loads in order to observe the progression of the plastic deformation region, and the stress concentration factor was determined in each case. The experimental study involved employing the visioplasticity technique, where a circular mesh (each circle was 0.5 mm in diameter, with 0.05 mm line thickness) was initially printed on the side of an aluminum slab having a small hole across its width. Tensile loading was then applied to produce a small increment of plastic deformation. Circles in the plastic region became ellipses, where the directions of the principal strains and stresses coincided with the major and minor axes of the ellipses. Next, we were able to determine the directions of the maximum and minimum shear stresses at the center of each ellipse, and the slip-line field was then constructed. We were then able to determine the stress at any point in the plastic deformation zone, and hence the stress concentration factor. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the analytical ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20element%20method%20to%20model%20a%20slab" title="Finite element method to model a slab">Finite element method to model a slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slab%0D%0Aundergoing%20plastic%20deformation" title=" slab undergoing plastic deformation"> slab undergoing plastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress%20distribution%20around%20a%20circular%0D%0Ahole" title=" stress distribution around a circular hole"> stress distribution around a circular hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visioplasticity." title=" visioplasticity."> visioplasticity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/computation-and-validation-of-the-stress-distribution-around-a-circular-hole-in-a-slab-undergoing-plastic-deformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">860</span> In vitro Culture Medium Sterilization by Chemicals and Essential Oils without Autoclaving and Growth of Chrysanthemum Nodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wittaya%20Deein">Wittaya Deein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chockpisit%20Thepsithar"> Chockpisit Thepsithar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aree%20Thongpukdee"> Aree Thongpukdee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Plant tissue culture is an important <em>in vitro</em> technology applied for agricultural and industrial production. A sterile condition of culture medium is one of the main aspects. The alternative technique for medium sterilization to replace autoclaving was carried out. For sterilization of plant tissue culture medium without autoclaving, ten commercial pure essential oils and 5 disinfectants were tested. Each essential oil or disinfectant was added to a 20-mL Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium before medium was solidified in a 120-mL container, kept for 2 weeks before evaluating sterile conditions. Treated media, supplemented with essential oils or disinfectants, were compared to control medium, autoclaved at 121 degree Celsius for 15 min. Sterile conditions of MS medium were found 100% from betel oil or clove oil (18 mL/20 mL medium), cinnamon oil (36 mL/20 mL medium), lavender oil or holy basil oil (108 mL/20 mL medium), and lemon oil or tea tree oil or turmeric oil (252 mL/20 mL medium), compared to 100% sterile condition from autoclaved medium. For disinfectants, 2% iodine + 2.4% potassium iodide, 2% merbromine solution, 10% povidone-iodine, 6% sodium hypochlorite or 0.1% thimerosal at 36 mL/20 mL medium provided 100% sterile conditions. Furthermore, growth of new shoots from chrysanthemum node explants on treated media (fresh weight, shoot length, root length and number of node) were also reported and discussed in the comparison of those on autoclaved medium.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">Chrysanthemum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=disinfectants" title=" disinfectants"> disinfectants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MS%20medium" title=" MS medium"> MS medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sterilizing%20agents" title=" sterilizing agents"> sterilizing agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sterilization%20of%20medium%20without%20autoclaving." title=" sterilization of medium without autoclaving."> sterilization of medium without autoclaving.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/in-vitro-culture-medium-sterilization-by-chemicals-and-essential-oils-without-autoclaving-and-growth-of-chrysanthemum-nodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">859</span> Shear Modulus Degradation of a Liquefiable Sand Deposit by Shaking Table Tests </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henry%20Munoz">Henry Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Mohsan"> Muhammad Mohsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Takashi%20Kiyota"> Takashi Kiyota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Strength and deformability characteristics of a liquefiable sand deposit including the development of earthquake-induced shear stress and shear strain as well as soil softening via the progressive degradation of shear modulus were studied via shaking table experiments. To do so, a model of a liquefiable sand deposit was constructed and densely instrumented where accelerations, pressures, and displacements at different locations were continuously monitored. Furthermore, the confinement effects on the strength and deformation characteristics of the liquefiable sand deposit due to an external surcharge by placing a heavy concrete slab (i.e. the model of an actual structural rigid pavement) on the ground surface were examined. The results indicate that as the number of seismic-loading cycles increases, the sand deposit softens progressively as large shear strains take place in different sand elements. Liquefaction state is reached after the combined effects of the progressive degradation of the initial shear modulus associated with the continuous decrease in the mean principal stress, and the buildup of the excess of pore pressure takes place in the sand deposit. Finally, the confinement effects given by a concrete slab placed on the surface of the sand deposit resulted in a favorable increasing in the initial shear modulus, an increase in the mean principal stress and a decrease in the softening rate (i.e. the decreasing rate in shear modulus) of the sand, thus making the onset of liquefaction to take place at a later stage. This is, only after the sand deposit having a concrete slab experienced a higher number of seismic loading cycles liquefaction took place, in contrast to an ordinary sand deposit having no concrete slab.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liquefaction" title="Liquefaction">Liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shaking%20table" title=" shaking table"> shaking table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20modulus%20degradation" title=" shear modulus degradation"> shear modulus degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=earthquake." title=" earthquake. "> earthquake. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/shear-modulus-degradation-of-a-liquefiable-sand-deposit-by-shaking-table-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1756</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">858</span> Behavior of Composite Timber-Concrete Beam with CFRP Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Vlcek">O. Vlcek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The paper deals with current issues in research of advanced methods to increase reliability of traditional timber structural elements. It analyses the issue of strengthening of bent timber beams, such as ceiling beams in old (historical) buildings with additional concrete slab in combination with externally bonded fiber - reinforced polymer. The study evaluates deflection of a selected group of timber beams with concrete slab and additional CFRP reinforcement using different calculating methods and observes differences in results from different calculating methods. An elastic (EN 1995) calculation method and evaluation with FEM analysis software were used.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Timber-concrete%20composite" title="Timber-concrete composite">Timber-concrete composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fibre-reinforced%20polymer" title=" fibre-reinforced polymer"> fibre-reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=theoretical%20analysis." title=" theoretical analysis."> theoretical analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/behavior-of-composite-timber-concrete-beam-with-cfrp-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1802</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">857</span> Sterilisation of Hyponex Medium by Chemicals without Autoclaving and Growth of Phalaenopsis Protocorms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chockpisit%20Thepsithar">Chockpisit Thepsithar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aree%20Thongpukdee"> Aree Thongpukdee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>For sterilization of Phalaenopsis culture medium without autoclaving, selected single sterilizing agents and in combinations were added to a 25ml Hyponex medium in a 120ml glass container. Treated liquid and solid media, supplemented with sterilizing agents, were compared to a control medium, autoclaved at 121°C for 15min. It was found that 90(L of 10% povidone-iodine, 150(L of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 150(L of 2% mercurochrome, 90(L of 2.5% iodine + 2.5% potassium iodine in combination with 10% providone-iodine (1:3) and 30(L of 2.5% iodine + 2.5% potassium iodide in combination with 2% mercurochrome showed 100% sterile conditions in liquid medium but provided 75, 100, 50, 75 and 80% sterile conditions, respectively, in solid medium. For growth of Phalaenopsis protocorms, 90(L of 10% povidone-iodine in liquid Hyponex medium gave the comparable growth of protocorms to control medium while 150(L of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in solid medium provided the promising growth of protocorms. Growth of protocorms, whole fresh weight, numbers of leaf and root, root length and number of protocorm-like bodies, was discussed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phalaenopsis" title="Phalaenopsis">Phalaenopsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sterilizing%20agents" title=" sterilizing agents"> sterilizing agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyponex%20medium" title=" Hyponex medium"> Hyponex medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sterile%20medium%20without%20autoclaving." title=" sterile medium without autoclaving."> sterile medium without autoclaving.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/sterilisation-of-hyponex-medium-by-chemicals-without-autoclaving-and-growth-of-phalaenopsis-protocorms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">856</span> Conduction Accompanied With Transient Radiative Heat Transfer Using Finite Volume Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ashok">A. Ashok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Satapathy"> K.Satapathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Prerana%20Nashine"> B. Prerana Nashine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research work is to investigate for one dimensional transient radiative transfer equations with conduction using finite volume method. Within the infrastructure of finite-volume, we obtain the conservative discretization of the terms in order to preserve the overall conservative property of finitevolume schemes. Coupling of conductive and radiative equation resulting in fluxes is governed by the magnitude of emissivity, extinction coefficient, and temperature of the medium as well as geometry of the problem. The problem under consideration has been solved, for a slab dominating radiation coupled with transient conduction based on finite volume method. The boundary conditions are also chosen so as to give a good model of the discretized form of radiation transfer equation. The important feature of the present method is flexibility in specifying the control angles in the FVM, while keeping the simplicity in the solution procedure. Effects of various model parameters are examined on the distributions of temperature, radiative and conductive heat fluxes and incident radiation energy etc. The finite volume method is considered to effectively evaluate the propagation of radiation intensity through a participating medium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radiative%20transfer%20equation" title="Radiative transfer equation">Radiative transfer equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=conduction" title=" conduction"> conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transient%20radiation." title=" transient radiation."> transient radiation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004056/conduction-accompanied-with-transient-radiative-heat-transfer-using-finite-volume-method" 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