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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-In_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>In Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In the USA</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_USA-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the USA subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Major</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-med_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-med_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pre-med timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-med_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coursework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coursework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Coursework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coursework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteering_and_clinical_experiences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteering_and_clinical_experiences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Volunteering and clinical experiences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteering_and_clinical_experiences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a> students mostly in the United States pursue prior to becoming medical students. It involves activities that prepare a student for <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a>, such as pre-med coursework, volunteer activities, clinical experience, research, and the application process. Some pre-med programs providing broad preparation are referred to as “pre-professional” and may simultaneously prepare students for entry into a variety of <a href="/wiki/First_professional_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="First professional degree">first professional degree</a> or <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a> programs that require similar prerequisites (such as medical, <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a> schools). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Australia">In Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australia, a number of universities offer a three- or four-year Bachelor of <a href="/wiki/Medical_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Science">Medical Science</a>, Bachelor of <a href="/wiki/Health_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Science">Health Sciences</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical Science">Biomedical Science</a> degree, which is similar in content and aims to pre-med courses in the US. </p><p>In Australia, there are two pathways to becoming a doctor. One is undergraduate entry into medical school and another is graduate entry into medical school. </p><p>Undergraduate entry is available who graduates from year 12, or high school. And it requires 5-6 years to graduate. </p><p>Graduate entry is requires previous <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> at least a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>. It requires 4 years to graduate. </p><p>In Australia, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a> (MBBS) and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (MD) are treated the same. Many universities that offered MBBS changed their <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degree</a>'s name to MD.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Italy">In Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian medical schools are 6-year medical schools and they don't have pre-med courses. Their course includes some biology, chemistry, and physics subjects but they are not distinguished courses. These kind of basic sciences are taught together with anatomy and physiology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_New_Zealand">In New Zealand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To enter a medical school in New Zealand, you should get one year of a pre medicine degree before applying to a medical school. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>, you can choose one of the two pathways, 1 year of "<a href="/wiki/Biomedical_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical science">biomedical science</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Health_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Health science">health science</a>". </p><p>To enter the medical school of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, you have only one pathway, 1 year "health science".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Poland">In Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While there are no standarized pre-medical courses, some private instutions have been offering such in conjunction with the regular secondary school curriculum. For the medical universities, the primary factor by which the applications are gauged is the <a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">secondary school exit exam</a> score, chiefly in biology and chemistry, though sometimes also mathematics is considered. High level exam scores receive a bonus coefficient upon the standard level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_South_Korea">In South Korea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Korea, there are two types of medical schools like Australia. One is undergraduate entry into medical school and another is graduate entry into medical school. </p><p>Undergraduate entry is available who graduates from year 12, or high school. And it requires 5-6 years to graduate. </p><p>Graduate entry requires previous <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> at least a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>. </p><p>Undergraduate entry type medical schools are usually 6-year courses, and it includes 2-year pre-med courses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_UK">In the UK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, a number of universities offer a three- or four-year Bachelor of <a href="/wiki/Medical_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Science">Medical Science</a>, Bachelor of <a href="/wiki/Health_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Science">Health Sciences</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical Science">Biomedical Science</a> degree, which is similar in content and aim to pre-med courses in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_USA">In the USA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In the USA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major">Major</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg/220px-Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg/330px-Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg/440px-Moseley_Hall_Anatomy_Lab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>An anatomy lab often used by pre-med track students.</figcaption></figure> <p>At most colleges and universities, students do not have the option of pre-medical <a href="/wiki/Academic_major" title="Academic major">academic major</a> or <a href="/wiki/Minor_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor (academic)">minor</a>. A student on a pre-med track may choose any undergraduate major in any field, so long as certain required courses are completed. Such courses are generally focused in the scientific fields of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral sciences">behavioral sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, which are necessary to prepare for the <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_Admission_Test" title="Medical College Admission Test">Medical College Admission Test</a> (MCAT)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and satisfy most medical school prerequisites.<sup id="cite_ref-AAMCReq_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAMCReq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is for this reason students on a pre-med track generally undertake a major associated with one of those fields; however, an increasing number of students with a background in humanities have been applying in recent years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-AAMC2010MajorData_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAMC2010MajorData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a situation applauded by medical schools.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinai School of Medicine">Mount Sinai School of Medicine</a> has created a program specifically for <a href="/wiki/Non-science" title="Non-science">non-science</a> majors. The Humanities and Medicine (HuMed) program admits undergraduates majoring in the humanities or social sciences <i>without</i> requiring the MCAT, or science coursework.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-med_timeline">Pre-med timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-med timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typical pre-med students will structure their coursework in their first year in <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> to accommodate the required courses. After a semester, many pursue extracurricular activities that demonstrate a commitment to medicine. Once junior year arrives, students register for and take the MCAT, the required standardized exam that medical schools use to identify qualified candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the test is taken, students apply to various schools using the automated <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_College_Application_Service" title="American Medical College Application Service">American Medical College Application Service</a> (AMCAS) system, <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Colleges_of_Osteopathic_Medicine_Application_Service" title="American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service">American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service</a> (AACOMAS) system, or in some cases, the school's own application system. AMCAS primary applications are verified by AMCAS staff, a process that often takes four to six weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application process consists of a review of academic records, MCAT scores, activities, work experience, and a <a href="/wiki/Personal_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal statement">personal statement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants can expect to hear from schools within a few months, at which point they may receive "secondary applications".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different schools have different policies on sending secondary applications to students; many send secondary applications to all students, others screen applications prior to inviting an applicant to submit a secondary application. These applications are generated by each individual school. They generally contain essay questions that the applicant must answer to demonstrate that the applicant possesses qualities that the schools deem necessary to be a good medical student and physician.<sup id="cite_ref-PRMSA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRMSA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qualified applicants can next expect to receive invitations to interview at schools. Upon completion of an interview and receipt of any additional application materials, the application is considered to be complete, and the student then waits for the school's decision to either accept or reject the student.<sup id="cite_ref-PRMSA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRMSA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some applicants receive admittance to medical school through a "post-baccalaureate" pre-medical program. These programs may be formal, such as the programs offered through <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> with Barrett, The Honors College, <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Goucher">Goucher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps</a>, or semi-formal, such as the program offered at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, but often consist of a student informally enrolling in a college to complete science coursework required for admission to medical school prior to sitting for the MCAT. The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Medical_Colleges" title="Association of American Medical Colleges">Association of American Medical Colleges</a> (AAMC) maintains a list of all formal and semi-formal post-baccalaureate pre-medical programs in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coursework">Coursework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coursework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AAMC has created a list of required courses that every pre-med student must take.<sup id="cite_ref-AAMCReq_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAMCReq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Each school is allowed to place its own further requirements. </p><p>The pre-medical coursework is offered at many American colleges and <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a>; however, it is considered to be a "track" that follows a certain curriculum. Most pre-medical students major in the natural and applied sciences, such as <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_science" title="Agricultural science">agricultural science</a>, biology, chemistry, or physics, though this is not a requirement. Some pre-professional degree programs in agriculture prepare students for direct entry into the workforce in fields in high demand, while also meeting requirements for medical or veterinary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter curriculum model is meant to enhance employability of graduates awaiting admission or choosing not to attend professional or graduate school. </p><p>The courses that must be taken to meet the pre-medical requirements from the AAMC are three years, with one being in chemistry, one year of biology, and one year of physics.<sup id="cite_ref-AAMCReq_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAMCReq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These course requirements are expected to change since the MR5 Committee, charged with revising the MCAT has created a new set of core competencies for success in medical education and practice. Those core competencies will include a greater emphasis on molecular genetics within the biology curriculum and will include biochemistry. In addition, the 2015 MCAT will test in areas related to multicultural sensitivity and in critical analysis of ethics and philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-newAAMCReq_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newAAMCReq-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many colleges of medicine and undergraduate pre-medical advising offices have yet to formalize pre-medical curricular recommendations. Though it did not address changes in the mathematics, physics, psychosocial or humanities portion of pre-medical education, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</a> (ASBMB) developed a set of pre-medical curricular recommendations. ASBMB advocated that the year of biology includes genetics; that general and organic chemistry be taught with an orientation toward the chemistry of molecules encountered in living things; that one semester of biochemistry be required and two semesters of biochemistry be recommended; and that the laboratory course requirement can be taught in biology, chemistry or biochemistry, so long as research methods and data analysis are emphasized.<sup id="cite_ref-ASBMBcurriculum_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASBMBcurriculum-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pre-medical students may be advised or required to take upper-level biology and chemistry electives, such as <a href="/wiki/Cellular_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular biology">cellular biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>. Specific requirements for these courses vary by institution. Organic Chemistry is one of the most popular upper-level courses. Schools may also have requirements for non-science classes. Some require a certain number of general <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> credits, while others have specific requirements for courses in <a href="/wiki/English_studies" title="English studies">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, or other desired disciplines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteering_and_clinical_experiences">Volunteering and clinical experiences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Volunteering and clinical experiences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many pre-medical students volunteer in a health care setting to explore the option of a career in medicine. Past volunteer experience can increase an applicant's chances of acceptance to a medical school.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often volunteer experiences are topics of discussion during medical school interviews.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some students "shadow" a physician, where the student follows a physician, directly observing the doctor as they care for patients.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-health_sciences" title="Pre-health sciences">Pre-health sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexner_Report" title="Flexner Report">Flexner Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">Residency (medicine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internship_(medicine)" title="Internship (medicine)">Internship (medicine)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gradready.com.au/how-to-become-a-doctor">"Medical Pathways in Australia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+Pathways+in+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgradready.com.au%2Fhow-to-become-a-doctor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-medical" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medvieweducation.org/nz/resources/blog/undergraduate/how-to-become-a-doctor-in-new-zealand-australia-quick-guide/">"How to Become a Doctor in New Zealand and Australia - MedView Education NZ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Become+a+Doctor+in+New+Zealand+and+Australia+-+MedView+Education+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medvieweducation.org%2Fnz%2Fresources%2Fblog%2Fundergraduate%2Fhow-to-become-a-doctor-in-new-zealand-australia-quick-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APre-medical" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aamc.org/students/applying/mcat/preparing/">"Preparing for the MCAT Exam"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Medical_education_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Medical education in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medical_education_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Medical education in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medical_education_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medical education in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medical_education_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education_in_the_United_States" title="Medical education in the United States">Medical education in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pre-medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school_in_the_United_States" title="Medical school in the United States">Medical school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_clerkship" title="Clinical clerkship">Clerkship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-internship" title="Sub-internship">Sub-internship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_medical_education" title="Graduate medical education">Graduate medical education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internship_(medicine)" title="Internship (medicine)">Internship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_(medicine)" title="Fellowship (medicine)">Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_certification" title="Board certification">Board certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_license" title="Medical license">Licensure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_medical_education" title="Continuing medical education">Continuing medical education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pathways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Medicine (MD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathic_medicine_in_the_United_States" title="Osteopathic medicine in the United States">Osteopathic Medicine (DO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_medical_graduate" title="International medical graduate">International medical graduate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">MBBS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Degrees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_MD_and_DO_in_the_United_States" title="Comparison of MD and DO in the United States">Comparison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_College_Admission_Test" title="Medical College Admission Test">MCAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Medical_Licensing_Examination" title="United States Medical Licensing Examination">USMLE</a> <ul><li>Step: <a href="/wiki/USMLE_Step_1" title="USMLE Step 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USMLE_Step_2_Clinical_Knowledge" title="USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge">2CK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USMLE_Step_2_Clinical_Skills" title="USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills">2CS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USMLE_Step_3" title="USMLE Step 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMLEX-USA" title="COMLEX-USA">COMLEX</a> <ul><li>Level: <a href="/wiki/COMLEX-USA" title="COMLEX-USA">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMLEX-USA" title="COMLEX-USA">2CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMLEX-USA" title="COMLEX-USA">2PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMLEX-USA" title="COMLEX-USA">3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Medical_Colleges" title="Association of American Medical Colleges">Association of American Medical Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Colleges_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine">American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Resident_Matching_Program" title="National Resident Matching Program">National Resident Matching Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accreditation_Council_for_Graduate_Medical_Education" title="Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education">Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_Committee_on_Medical_Education" title="Liaison Committee on Medical Education">Liaison Committee on Medical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Osteopathic_College_Accreditation" title="Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation">Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accreditation_Council_for_Continuing_Medical_Education" title="Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education">Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association" title="American Osteopathic Association">American Osteopathic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Commission_for_Foreign_Medical_Graduates" title="Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates">Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_schools_in_the_United_States" title="List of medical schools in the United States">Medical schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_specialty_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="List of medical specialty colleges in the United States">Specialty colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Flexner" title="Abraham Flexner">Abraham Flexner</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flexner_Report" title="Flexner Report">Flexner Report</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler">William Osler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stewart_Halsted" title="William Stewart Halsted">William Stewart Halsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Taylor_Still" title="Andrew Taylor Still">Andrew Taylor Still</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Issues in higher education in the United States">Issues in higher education inside the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage inside the U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&oldid=1251361136">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pre-medical&oldid=1251361136</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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