CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6863dba7-75d3-479d-862b-52775aaeaac0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope","wgTitle":"Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope","wgCurRevisionId":1275884354,"wgRevisionId":1275884354,"wgArticleId":7647575,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages with reference errors","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Pages with broken reference names","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2019","EngvarB from July 2019", "Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2023","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2025","All articles needing rewrite","2016 establishments in China","Astronomical observatories in China","Buildings and structures in Guizhou","Chinese telescopes","Buildings and structures completed in 2016","Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture","Radio telescopes","Search for extraterrestrial intelligence"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope","wgRelevantArticleId":7647575,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":25.6531,"lon":106.8567},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1827255","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser": false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/1200px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/800px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/640px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope rootpage-Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Science mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_Arecibo_telescope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_Arecibo_telescope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison with Arecibo telescope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_Arecibo_telescope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_(%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="فاست (مقراب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاست (مقراب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST_(Radiotelescopio)" title="FAST (Radiotelescopio) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="FAST (Radiotelescopio)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu_esf%C3%A9ricu_de_quinientos_metros_d%27apertura" title="Telescopiu esféricu de quinientos metros d'apertura – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telescopiu esféricu de quinientos metros d'apertura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST" title="FAST – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="FAST" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST_(Radioteleskop)" title="FAST (Radioteleskop) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="FAST (Radioteleskop)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio_esf%C3%A9rico_de_quinientos_metros_de_apertura" title="Telescopio esférico de quinientos metros de apertura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telescopio esférico de quinientos metros de apertura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تلسکوپ کروی با دیافراگم پانصد متری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلسکوپ کروی با دیافراگم پانصد متری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiot%C3%A9lescope_sph%C3%A9rique_de_cinq_cents_m%C3%A8tres_d%27ouverture" title="Radiotélescope sphérique de cinq cents mètres d'ouverture – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radiotélescope sphérique de cinq cents mètres d'ouverture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio_esf%C3%A9rico_de_cincocentos_metros_de_apertura" title="Telescopio esférico de cincocentos metros de apertura – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telescopio esférico de cincocentos metros de apertura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EA%B2%BD_500%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0_%EA%B5%AC%EB%A9%B4_%EC%A0%84%ED%8C%8C%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="직경 500미터 구면 전파망원경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직경 500미터 구면 전파망원경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="FAST ռադիոաստղադիտակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="FAST ռադիոաստղադիտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_Sferikal_Apertur_lima_ratus_meter" title="Teleskop Sferikal Apertur lima ratus meter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teleskop Sferikal Apertur lima ratus meter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelescopio_FAST_-_Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Radiotelescopio FAST - Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radiotelescopio FAST - Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST" title="FAST – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="FAST" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚೀನಾದ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ಅಪರ್ಚರ್ ಗೋಲಾಕಾರದ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಾದ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ಅಪರ್ಚರ್ ಗೋಲಾಕಾರದ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫൈവ് ഹൺഡ്രഡ് മീറ്റർ അപ്പർച്ചർ സ്ഫെറിക്കൽ ടെലിസ്കോപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫൈവ് ഹൺഡ്രഡ് മീറ്റർ അപ്പർച്ചർ സ്ഫെറിക്കൽ ടെലിസ്കോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/500%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="500メートル球面電波望遠鏡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="500メートル球面電波望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopul_FAST" title="Telescopul FAST – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telescopul FAST" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF)" title="FAST (радиотелескоп) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="FAST (радиотелескоп)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hunner_metre_Apertur_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hunner metre Apertur Spherical Telescope – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Five hunner metre Apertur Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST" title="FAST – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="FAST" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="சொர்க்கத்தின் கண் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சொர்க்கத்தின் கண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C5%9F_y%C3%BCz_metre_a%C3%A7%C4%B1kl%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_K%C3%BCresel_Radyo_Teleskop" title="Beş yüz metre açıklıklı Küresel Radyo Teleskop – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beş yüz metre açıklıklı Küresel Radyo Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAST" title="FAST – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="FAST" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="فاسٹ (دوربین) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فاسٹ (دوربین)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnh_vi%E1%BB%85n_v%E1%BB%8Dng_h%C3%ACnh_c%E1%BA%A7u_kh%E1%BA%A9u_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_500_m%C3%A9t" title="Kính viễn vọng hình cầu khẩu độ 500 mét – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kính viễn vọng hình cầu khẩu độ 500 mét" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%99%BE%E7%B2%8E%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%91%E7%9B%82%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%84%E9%9B%BB%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="五百粎口徑盂面射電遠鏡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="五百粎口徑盂面射電遠鏡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/500%E7%B1%B3%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%84%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%84%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="500米口径球面射电望远镜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="500米口径球面射电望远镜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1827255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&oldid=1275884354" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&id=1275884354&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFive-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFive-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1827255" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&params=25.6531_N_106.8567_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°39′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°51′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.6531°N 106.8567°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.6531; 106.8567</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Radio telescope located in Guizhou Province, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tianyan" redirects here. For the satellite, see <a href="/wiki/Tianyan_(satellite)" title="Tianyan (satellite)">Tianyan (satellite)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FAST_Radio_Telescope_(captured_from_video).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/290px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/435px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg/580px-FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The telescope as seen from above in 2020</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Tianyan <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label">People's Republic of China <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P17" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&params=25.6531_N_106.8567_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°39′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°51′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.6531°N 106.8567°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.6531; 106.8567</span></span></span></a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P625" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.10 m (3.0 GHz)–4.3 m (70 MHz)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">First light</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 July 2016 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255?uselang=en#P729" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">500 m (1,640 ft 5 in) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P2386" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illuminated diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">300 m (984 ft 3 in) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P2386" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Collecting area</th><td class="infobox-data">196,000 m<sup>2</sup> (2,110,000 sq ft) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P2046" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illuminated area</th><td class="infobox-data">70,690 m<sup>2</sup> (760,900 sq ft) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P2046" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">140 m (459 ft 4 in) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P2151" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fast.bao.ac.cn/">fast<wbr />.bao<wbr />.ac<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope is located in China"><img alt="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/240px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/360px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/480px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1567" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.281%;left:55.302%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope"><img alt="Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Five_hundred_meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827255" class="extiw" title="d:Q1827255">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</b> (<b>FAST</b>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">五百米口径球面射电望远镜</span>), nicknamed <b>Tianyan</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">天眼</span></span>, lit. "Sky's/Heaven's Eye"), is a <a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">radio telescope</a> located in the Dawodang depression (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大窝凼洼地</span></span>), a natural basin in <a href="/wiki/Pingtang_County" title="Pingtang County">Pingtang County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">southwestern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FAST has a 500 m (1,640 ft) diameter dish constructed in a natural depression in the landscape. It is the world's largest single-dish telescope.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has a novel design, using an <a href="/wiki/Active_surface" title="Active surface">active surface</a> made of 4,500 metal panels which form a moving parabola shape in real time.<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabin containing the <a href="/wiki/Antenna_feed" title="Antenna feed">feed antenna</a>, suspended on cables above the dish, can move automatically by using winches to steer the instrument to receive signals from different directions. It observes at wavelengths of 10 cm to 4.3 m.<sup id="cite_ref-Nan11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nan11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Li18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction of FAST began in 2011. It observed <a href="/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">first light</a> in September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-firstlight_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstlight-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three years of testing and commissioning,<sup id="cite_ref-FAST_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAST-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was declared fully operational on 11 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The telescope made its first discovery, of two new <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a>, in August 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new pulsars PSR J1859-01 and PSR J1931-02—also referred to as FAST pulsar #1 and #2 (FP1 and FP2), were detected on 22 and 25 August 2017; they are 16,000 and 4,100 light years away, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Parkes_Observatory" title="Parkes Observatory">Parkes Observatory</a> in Australia independently confirmed the discoveries on 10 September 2017. By September 2018, FAST had discovered 44 new pulsars,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 2021, 500.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAST_under_construction,_took_from_rim..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg/170px-FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg/255px-FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg/340px-FAST_under_construction%2C_took_from_rim..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>FAST under construction</figcaption></figure> <p>The telescope was first proposed in 1994. The project was approved by the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development and Reform Commission</a> (NDRC) in July 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJinNanGan2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJinNanGan2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 65-person village was relocated from the valley to make room for the telescope<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an additional 9,110 people living within a 5 km (3 mi) radius of the telescope were relocated to create a <a href="/wiki/Radio-quiet_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio-quiet area">radio-quiet area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government spent around <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$269 million</span> in poverty relief funds and bank loans for the relocation of the local residents, while the construction of the telescope itself cost $180 million.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 December 2008, a foundation-laying ceremony was held on the construction site.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction started in March 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-gm_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gm-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the last panel was installed on the morning of 3 July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_2015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally budgeted for <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a>700 million,<sup id="cite_ref-Nan_2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nan_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 49">: 49 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gm_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gm-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the final cost was CN¥1.2 billion (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$180 million</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wanted_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wanted-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant difficulties encountered were the site's remote location and poor road access, and the need to add shielding to suppress <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio-frequency interference">radio-frequency interference</a> (RFI) from the primary mirror actuators.<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actuators were redesigned to meet shielding efficiency requirements and their installation was completed in 2015. Interference from the actuators has not been detected since.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Testing and commissioning began with first light on 25 September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Morelle_BBC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morelle_BBC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first observations are being done without the active primary reflector, configuring it in a fixed shape and using the Earth's rotation to scan the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent early science took place mainly in lower frequencies<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the active surface is brought to its design accuracy;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> longer wavelengths are less sensitive to errors in reflector shape. It took three years to calibrate the various instruments so it can become fully operational.<sup id="cite_ref-Morelle_BBC_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morelle_BBC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government efforts to develop a tourist industry around the telescope are causing some concern among astronomers worried about nearby mobile telephones acting as sources of RFI.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A projected 10 million tourists in 2017 will force officials to decide on the scientific mission versus the economic benefits of tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (December 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The primary driving force behind the project<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/Nan_Rendong" title="Nan Rendong">Nan Rendong</a>, a researcher with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_National_Astronomical_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese National Astronomical Observatory">Chinese National Astronomical Observatory</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>. He held the positions of chief scientist<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_2015_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and chief engineer<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the project. He died on 15 September 2017 in Boston due to lung cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 June 2022, astronomers, working with China's FAST telescope, reported the possibility of having detected artificial (presumably alien) signals, but cautioned that further studies are required to determine if some kind of natural radio interference may be the source.<sup id="cite_ref-ES-20220614_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-20220614-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, on 18 June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Werthimer" title="Dan Werthimer">Dan Werthimer</a>, chief scientist for several <a href="/wiki/SETI" class="mw-redirect" title="SETI">SETI</a>-related projects, noted, "These signals are from radio interference; they are due to radio pollution from earthlings, not from E.T."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20220618_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20220618-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FAST has a reflecting surface 500 metres (1,600 ft) in diameter located in a natural <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkhole</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst rock landscape</a>, focusing radio waves on a receiving antenna in a "feed cabin" suspended 140 m (460 ft) above it. The reflector is made of perforated aluminium panels supported by a mesh of steel cables hanging from the rim. </p><p>FAST's surface is made of 4,450<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> triangular panels, 11 m (36 ft) on a side,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Geodesic_dome" title="Geodesic dome">geodesic dome</a>. There are 2,225 winches located underneath<sup id="cite_ref-Normile_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> make it an <a href="/wiki/Active_optics" title="Active optics">active surface</a>, pulling on joints between panels, deforming the flexible steel cable support into a <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">parabolic antenna</a> aligned with the desired sky direction.<sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg/220px-Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg/330px-Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg/440px-Bottom_view_from_one_of_FAST%27s_six_support_towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>One of six support towers for the feed cabin</figcaption></figure> <p>Above the reflector is a lightweight feed cabin moved by a <a href="/wiki/Cable_robots" title="Cable robots">cable robot</a> using winch <a href="/wiki/Servomechanism" title="Servomechanism">servomechanisms</a> on six support towers.<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 13">: 13 </span></sup> The receiving antennas are mounted below this on a <a href="/wiki/Stewart_platform" title="Stewart platform">Stewart platform</a> which provides fine position control and compensates for disturbances like wind motion.<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 13">: 13 </span></sup> This produces a planned pointing precision of 8 <a href="/wiki/Arcseconds" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcseconds">arcseconds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nan11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nan11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png/280px-Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png/420px-Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png/560px-Fast_Illuminated_aperture.png 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>300 m illuminated aperture within 500 m dish</figcaption></figure> <p>The maximum <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith angle</a> is 40 degrees when the effective illuminated aperture is reduced to 200 m, while it is 26.4 degrees when the effective illuminated aperture is 300 m without loss.<sup id="cite_ref-ISAP2013_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAP2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nan_2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nan_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 13">: 13 </span></sup> </p><p>Although the reflector diameter is 500 m (1,600 ft), held in the correct parabolic shape and "illuminated" by the receiver, only a circle of 300 m diameter is useful at any one time.<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 13">: 13 </span></sup> The telescope can be pointed to different positions on the sky by illuminating a 300-meter section of the 500 meter aperture. (FAST has a smaller effective aperture than the <a href="/wiki/Jicamarca_Radio_Observatory" title="Jicamarca Radio Observatory">Jicamarca Radio Observatory</a>, which has a filled aperture of equivalent diameter of 338 m). </p><p>Its working frequency ranges from 70 MHz to 3.0 <a href="/wiki/GHz" class="mw-redirect" title="GHz">GHz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the upper limit set by the precision with which the primary can approximate a parabola. It could be improved slightly, but the size of the triangular segments limits the shortest wavelength which can be received. The original plan was to cover the frequency range with 9 receivers. During the construction phase, a commissioning ultra-wide band receiver covering 260 MHz to 1620 MHz was proposed and built, which produced the first pulsar discovery from FAST.<sup id="cite_ref-Qian19_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qian19-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the moment, only the FAST L-band Receiver-array of 19 beams (FLAN<sup id="cite_ref-Li18_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is installed and is operational between 1.05 GHz and 1.45 GHz. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Archive_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Archive System (page does not exist)">Next Generation Archive System</a> (NGAS), developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Radio_Astronomy_Research" title="International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research">International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research</a> (ICRAR) in Perth, Australia and the <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">European Southern Observatory</a> will store and maintain the large amount of data that it collects.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A five-kilometre zone near the telescope forbids tourists from using mobile phones and other radio-emitting devices.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An expansion has been planned to build additional 24 radio dishes with 40 meters diameter, and forming a radio-telescope array within the surrounding area of 10KM diameter. The project should expect a boost of telescope resolution by 30 times.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_mission">Science mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Science mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FAST website lists the following science objectives of the radio telescope:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Large scale <a href="/wiki/Neutral_hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral hydrogen">neutral hydrogen</a> survey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> observations</li> <li>Leading the international <a href="/wiki/Very_long_baseline_interferometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Very long baseline interferometry">very long baseline interferometry</a> (VLBI) network</li> <li>Detection of <a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">interstellar molecules</a></li> <li>Detecting interstellar communication signals (<a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_timing_array" title="Pulsar timing array">Pulsar timing arrays</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The FAST telescope joined the <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a> <a href="/wiki/SETI" class="mw-redirect" title="SETI">SETI</a> project in October 2016 to search for intelligent extraterrestrial communications in the Universe.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, scientists announced the first SETI observations with the telescope.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China's <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i> reported that its 500-meter (1,600 foot) FAST telescope will be open to the global scientific community starting in April 2021 (when applications will be reviewed), and becoming effective in August 2021. Foreign scientists will be able to submit applications to China's <a href="/wiki/National_Astronomical_Observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="National Astronomical Observatories">National Astronomical Observatories</a> online.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_Arecibo_telescope">Comparison with Arecibo telescope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison with Arecibo telescope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope" title="Talk:Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg/250px-Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg/375px-Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg/500px-Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of the <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope" title="Arecibo Telescope">Arecibo</a> (top), <a class="mw-selflink selflink">FAST</a> (middle) and <a href="/wiki/RATAN-600" title="RATAN-600">RATAN-600</a> (bottom) radio telescopes at the same scale</figcaption></figure> <p>The basic design of FAST is similar to the former <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope" title="Arecibo Telescope">Arecibo Telescope</a>. Both designs had reflectors installed in natural hollows within karst limestone, made of perforated aluminium panels with a movable receiver suspended above; and both have an effective aperture smaller than the physical size of the primary. There are however significant differences in addition to the size.<sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-optics_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optics-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qiu11_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu11-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First, Arecibo's dish was fixed in a spherical shape. Although it was also suspended from steel cables with supports underneath for fine-tuning the shape, they were manually operated and adjusted only during maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a fixed spherical shape with two additional suspended reflectors in a <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_telescope" title="Gregorian telescope">Gregorian</a> configuration to correct for <a href="/wiki/Spherical_aberration" title="Spherical aberration">spherical aberration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Second, Arecibo's receiver platform was fixed in place. To support the greater weight of the additional reflectors, the primary support cables were static, with the only motorised portion being three hold-down winches which compensated for <a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">thermal expansion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> The antennas could move along a rotating arm below the platform, to allow limited adjustment of azimuth,<sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> although Arecibo was not limited in azimuth, only in zenith angle: The smaller range of motion limited it to viewing objects within 19.7° of the zenith.<sup id="cite_ref-Arecibo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arecibo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Third, Arecibo could receive higher frequencies. The finite size of the triangular panels making up FAST's primary reflector limits the accuracy with which it can approximate a parabola, and thus the shortest wavelength it can focus. Arecibo's more rigid design allowed it to maintain sharp focus down to 3 cm wavelength (10 GHz); FAST is limited to 10 cm (3 GHz). Improvements in position control of the secondary might be able to push that to 6 cm (5 GHz), but then the primary reflector becomes a hard limit. </p><p>Fourth, the FAST dish is significantly deeper, contributing to a wider field of view. Although 64% larger in diameter, FAST's radius of curvature is 300 m (980 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> barely larger than Arecibo's 270 m (870 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-Arecibo_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arecibo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so it forms a 113° arc<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> (vs. 70° for Arecibo). Although Arecibo's full aperture of 305 m (1,000 ft) could be used when observing objects at the <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a>, this was only possible with the line feed which had a very narrow frequency range and had been unavailable due to damage since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Arecibo observations used the Gregorian feeds, where the effective aperture was approximately 221 m (725 ft) at zenith.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ohio_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> </p><p>Fifth, Arecibo's larger secondary platform also housed several <i>transmitters</i>, making it one of the few instruments in the world capable of <a href="/wiki/Radar_astronomy" title="Radar astronomy">radar astronomy</a>. (Planetary radar is also possible at the Jicamarca and Millstone and Altair observatories.) The NASA-funded Planetary Radar System allowed Arecibo to study solid objects from Mercury to Saturn, and to perform very accurate <a href="/wiki/Orbit_determination" title="Orbit determination">orbit determination</a> on <a href="/wiki/Near-earth_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-earth object">near-earth objects</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">potentially hazardous objects</a>. Arecibo also included several NSF funded radars for ionospheric studies (<a href="/wiki/Ionosonde" title="Ionosonde">ionosondes</a>). Such powerful transmitters are too large and heavy for FAST's small receiver cabin, so it will not be able to participate in <a href="/wiki/Planetary_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary defense">planetary defense</a> although in principle it could serve as a receiver in a <a href="/wiki/Bistatic_radar" title="Bistatic radar">bistatic radar</a> system. (Arecibo has been used in several multi-static experiments with an auxiliary 100 meter dish, including <a href="/wiki/S-band" class="mw-redirect" title="S-band">S-band</a> radar experiments in the stratosphere, and <a href="/wiki/Interferometric_SAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferometric SAR">ISAR</a> mapping of Venus.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Chinese space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KARST" title="KARST">KARST</a> – a 1990s Chinese proposal to host the SKA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_telescope_types" title="List of telescope types">List of telescope types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Kilometre_Array" title="Square Kilometre Array">Square Kilometre Array</a> – a proposed 1 km<sup>2</sup> telescope array in Australia and South Africa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-02/22/c_128741240.htm">"<span lang="zh-Hans">中国"天眼"能不能发现外星人？</span>"</a> [Can Chinese Tianyan find aliens?] (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. 22 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193815/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-02/22/c_128741240.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%22%E5%A4%A9%E7%9C%BC%22%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2016-02%2F22%2Fc_128741240.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCyranoski2016" class="citation news cs1">Cyranoski, David (26 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/537593a">"Daring Chinese telescope is poised to transform astronomy"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. Vol. 537. Springer Nature. pp. <span class="nowrap">593–</span>594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F537593a">10.1038/537593a</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Daring+Chinese+telescope+is+poised+to+transform+astronomy&rft.volume=537&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E593-%3C%2Fspan%3E594&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F537593a&rft.aulast=Cyranoski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F537593a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Normile-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Normile_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNormile2016" class="citation news cs1">Normile, Dennis (26 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencepubs.com/news/2016/09/world-s-largest-radio-telescope-will-search-dark-matter-listen-aliens">"World's largest radio telescope will search for dark matter, listen for aliens"</a>. <i>Science News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aah7346">10.1126/science.aah7346</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001193952/http://www.sciencepubs.com/news/2016/09/world-s-largest-radio-telescope-will-search-dark-matter-listen-aliens">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+radio+telescope+will+search+for+dark+matter%2C+listen+for+aliens&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aah7346&rft.aulast=Normile&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencepubs.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F09%2Fworld-s-largest-radio-telescope-will-search-dark-matter-listen-aliens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nan11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nan11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nan11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNAN2011" class="citation journal cs1">NAN, RENDONG (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271811019335">"The Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (Fast) Project"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Modern_Physics_D" class="mw-redirect" title="International Journal of Modern Physics D">International Journal of Modern Physics D</a></i>. <b>20</b> (6). Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences: <span class="nowrap">989–</span>1024. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3794">1105.3794</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IJMPD..20..989N">2011IJMPD..20..989N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2FS0218271811019335">10.1142/S0218271811019335</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26433223">26433223</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184329/https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218271811019335">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Modern+Physics+D&rft.atitle=The+Five-Hundred-Meter+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+%28Fast%29+Project&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E989-%3C%2Fspan%3E1024&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1105.3794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26433223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1142%2FS0218271811019335&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011IJMPD..20..989N&rft.aulast=NAN&rft.aufirst=RENDONG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1142%2FS0218271811019335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li18-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Li18_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Li18_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Di (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IMMag..19..112L/abstract">"FAST in Space: Considerations for a Multibeam, Multipurpose Survey Using China's 500-m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Microwave_Magazine" title="IEEE Microwave Magazine">IEEE Microwave Magazine</a></i>. <b>19</b> (3). National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China: <span class="nowrap">112–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03709">1802.03709</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IMMag..19..112L">2018IMMag..19..112L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMMM.2018.2802178">10.1109/MMM.2018.2802178</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4595986">4595986</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504005815/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IMMag..19..112L/abstract">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Microwave+Magazine&rft.atitle=FAST+in+Space%3A+Considerations+for+a+Multibeam%2C+Multipurpose+Survey+Using+China%27s+500-m+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+%28FAST%29&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1802.03709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4595986%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMMM.2018.2802178&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018IMMag..19..112L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2018IMMag..19..112L%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-firstlight-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-firstlight_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXinhua2016" class="citation news cs1">Xinhua (25 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/25/content_26891108.htm">"Xi commends launch of world's largest radio telescope in China"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021808/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/25/content_26891108.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span> – via China Daily.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Xi+commends+launch+of+world%27s+largest+radio+telescope+in+China&rft.date=2016-09-25&rft.au=Xinhua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2016-09%2F25%2Fcontent_26891108.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAST-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAST_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316160050/http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/FAST.html">"FAST Homepage in English"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/FAST.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAST+Homepage+in+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffast.bao.ac.cn%2Fen%2FFAST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113001446/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/11/c_138696939.htm">"World's largest radio telescope starts formal operation"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. 11 January 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/11/c_138696939.htm">the original</a> on 13 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+radio+telescope+starts+formal+operation&rft.date=2020-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2020-01%2F11%2Fc_138696939.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Andrew (10 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gbtimes.com/chinas-huge-new-fast-radio-telescope-discovers-two-new-pulsars">"China's huge new FAST radio telescope discovers two new pulsars"</a>. GBTimes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011181434/https://gbtimes.com/chinas-huge-new-fast-radio-telescope-discovers-two-new-pulsars">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China%27s+huge+new+FAST+radio+telescope+discovers+two+new+pulsars&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgbtimes.com%2Fchinas-huge-new-fast-radio-telescope-discovers-two-new-pulsars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGlaun2017" class="citation web cs1">McGlaun, Shane (11 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashgear.com/chinese-fast-telescope-finds-multiple-pulsars-in-early-use-11503525/">"Chinese FAST telescope finds multiple pulsars in early use"</a>. <i>slashgear</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172438/https://www.slashgear.com/chinese-fast-telescope-finds-multiple-pulsars-in-early-use-11503525/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slashgear&rft.atitle=Chinese+FAST+telescope+finds+multiple+pulsars+in+early+use&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft.aulast=McGlaun&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashgear.com%2Fchinese-fast-telescope-finds-multiple-pulsars-in-early-use-11503525%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gbtimes.com/chinas-fast-radio-telescope-detects-three-more-pulsars?cat=chinese-martial-healing-arts">"China's FAST radio telescope detects three more pulsars"</a>. <i>gbtimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917110650/https://gbtimes.com/chinas-fast-radio-telescope-detects-three-more-pulsars?cat=chinese-martial-healing-arts">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gbtimes&rft.atitle=China%27s+FAST+radio+telescope+detects+three+more+pulsars&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgbtimes.com%2Fchinas-fast-radio-telescope-detects-three-more-pulsars%3Fcat%3Dchinese-martial-healing-arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinaprojects/2018-09/12/content_63384697.htm">"China's FAST telescope identifies 44 pulsars"</a>. <i>scio.gov.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917071445/http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinaprojects/2018-09/12/content_63384697.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=scio.gov.cn&rft.atitle=China%27s+FAST+telescope+identifies+44+pulsars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.scio.gov.cn%2Fchinaprojects%2F2018-09%2F12%2Fcontent_63384697.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2021/1216/c90000-9933484.html">"China's FAST telescope detects over 500 new pulsars - People's Daily Online"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216043734/http://en.people.cn/n3/2021/1216/c90000-9933484.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+FAST+telescope+detects+over+500+new+pulsars+-+People%27s+Daily+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.people.cn%2Fn3%2F2021%2F1216%2Fc90000-9933484.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJinNanGan2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJinNanGan2007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJinNanGan2007">Jin, Nan & Gan 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xinhua_complete-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xinhua_complete_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703113734/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/03/c_135485389.htm">"Xinhua Insight: Installation complete on world's largest radio telescope"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a></i>. 3 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/03/c_135485389.htm">the original</a> on 3 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Xinhua+Insight%3A+Installation+complete+on+world%27s+largest+radio+telescope&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2016-07%2F03%2Fc_135485389.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Jesus2016" class="citation news cs1">De Jesus, Cecille (26 September 2016). Caughill, Patrick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.com/the-quest-for-life-beyond-earth-the-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-just-went-online/">"The Quest For Life Beyond Earth: The World's Largest Radio Telescope Just Went Online"</a>. <i>Futurism</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412034819/https://futurism.com/the-quest-for-life-beyond-earth-the-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-just-went-online">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Futurism&rft.atitle=The+Quest+For+Life+Beyond+Earth%3A+The+World%27s+Largest+Radio+Telescope+Just+Went+Online&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=De+Jesus&rft.aufirst=Cecille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.com%2Fthe-quest-for-life-beyond-earth-the-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-just-went-online%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112030246/http://gzrb.gog.com.cn/system/2008/12/27/010441147.shtml">"<span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院·贵州省共建国家重大科技基础设施500米口径球面射电望远镜（ＦＡＳＴ）项目奠基</span>"</a> (in Chinese). Guizhou Daily. 27 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gzrb.gog.com.cn/system/2008/12/27/010441147.shtml">the original</a> on 12 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%C2%B7%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81%E5%85%B1%E5%BB%BA%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD500%E7%B1%B3%E5%8F%A3%E5%BE%84%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%84%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%A6%EF%BC%A1%EF%BC%B3%EF%BC%B4%EF%BC%89%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%A5%A0%E5%9F%BA%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Guizhou+Daily&rft.date=2008-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgzrb.gog.com.cn%2Fsystem%2F2008%2F12%2F27%2F010441147.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gm-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gm_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuick2011" class="citation web cs1">Quick, Darren (16 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizmag.com/five-hundred-meter-aperture-spherical-radio-telescope/18930/">"China building world's biggest radio telescope"</a>. <i>gizmag</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119193012/http://www.gizmag.com/five-hundred-meter-aperture-spherical-radio-telescope/18930/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gizmag&rft.atitle=China+building+world%27s+biggest+radio+telescope&rft.date=2011-06-16&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Ffive-hundred-meter-aperture-spherical-radio-telescope%2F18930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arxiv-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arxiv_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRendong_NanDi_LiChengjin_JinQiming_Wang2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rendong Nan; Di Li; Chengjin Jin; Qiming Wang; Lichun Zhu; Wenbai Zhu; Haiyan Zhang; Youling Yue; Lei Qian (20 May 2011). "The Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Project". <i>International Journal of Modern Physics D</i>. <b>20</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">989–</span>1024. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3794">1105.3794</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IJMPD..20..989N">2011IJMPD..20..989N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2FS0218271811019335">10.1142/S0218271811019335</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26433223">26433223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Modern+Physics+D&rft.atitle=The+Five-Hundred-Meter+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+%28FAST%29+Project&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E989-%3C%2Fspan%3E1024&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1105.3794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26433223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1142%2FS0218271811019335&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011IJMPD..20..989N&rft.au=Rendong+Nan&rft.au=Di+Li&rft.au=Chengjin+Jin&rft.au=Qiming+Wang&rft.au=Lichun+Zhu&rft.au=Wenbai+Zhu&rft.au=Haiyan+Zhang&rft.au=Youling+Yue&rft.au=Lei+Qian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebricspost.com/china-completes-installation-of-worlds-largest-telescope/">"China completes installation of world's largest telescope"</a>. <i>The BRICS Post</i>. 3 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162257/http://www.thebricspost.com/china-completes-installation-of-worlds-largest-telescope/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+BRICS+Post&rft.atitle=China+completes+installation+of+world%27s+largest+telescope&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebricspost.com%2Fchina-completes-installation-of-worlds-largest-telescope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_2015-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_2015_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_2015_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKirdy2015" class="citation news cs1">McKirdy, Euan (12 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/11/tech/china-fast-telescope/index.html">"China looks to the stars with creation of world's largest radio telescope"</a>. <i>CNN News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019000707/http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/11/tech/china-fast-telescope/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+News&rft.atitle=China+looks+to+the+stars+with+creation+of+world%27s+largest+radio+telescope&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.aulast=McKirdy&rft.aufirst=Euan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F10%2F11%2Ftech%2Fchina-fast-telescope%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nan_2009-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nan_2009_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nan_2009_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Nan 2009</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-wanted-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wanted_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShen2018" class="citation news cs1">Shen, Alice (31 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2171002/wanted-researchers-chinas-mega-telescope-interpret-signals-across">"Wanted: Researchers for China's mega telescope to interpret signals from across the universe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109183659/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2171002/wanted-researchers-chinas-mega-telescope-interpret-signals-across">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Wanted%3A+Researchers+for+China%27s+mega+telescope+to+interpret+signals+from+across+the+universe&rft.date=2018-10-31&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F2171002%2Fwanted-researchers-chinas-mega-telescope-interpret-signals-across&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhangWuYueGan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Hai-Yan; Wu, Ming-Chang; Yue, You-Ling; Gan, Heng-Qian; Hu, Hao; Huang, Shi-Jie (1 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/18/4/48/meta">"EMC design for actuators in the FAST reflector"</a>. <i>Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 048. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02315">1802.02315</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018RAA....18...48Z">2018RAA....18...48Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-4527%2F18%2F4%2F48">10.1088/1674-4527/18/4/48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1674-4527">1674-4527</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:116359320">116359320</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184324/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/18/4/48/meta">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=EMC+design+for+actuators+in+the+FAST+reflector&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=048&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A116359320%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018RAA....18...48Z&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1802.02315&rft.issn=1674-4527&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-4527%2F18%2F4%2F48&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Hai-Yan&rft.au=Wu%2C+Ming-Chang&rft.au=Yue%2C+You-Ling&rft.au=Gan%2C+Heng-Qian&rft.au=Hu%2C+Hao&rft.au=Huang%2C+Shi-Jie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1088%2F1674-4527%2F18%2F4%2F48%2Fmeta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morelle_BBC-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morelle_BBC_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morelle_BBC_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorelle2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Morelle" title="Rebecca Morelle">Morelle, Rebecca</a> (25 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37453933">"China's colossal radio telescope begins testing"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160925140311/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37453933">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China%27s+colossal+radio+telescope+begins+testing&rft.date=2016-09-25&rft.aulast=Morelle&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-37453933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYueLiNan2012" class="citation conference cs1">Yue, Youling; Li, Di; Nan, Rendong (20–31 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/"><i>FAST low frequency pulsar survey</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/">Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.0748">1211.0748</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS174392131300001X">10.1017/S174392131300001X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530173653/http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=FAST+low+frequency+pulsar+survey&rft.date=2012-08-20%2F2012-08-31&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1211.0748&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS174392131300001X&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=Youling&rft.au=Li%2C+Di&rft.au=Nan%2C+Rendong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulsarastronomy.net%2FIAUS291%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiNanPan2012" class="citation conference cs1">Li, Di; Nan, Rendong; Pan, Zhichen (20–31 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/"><i>The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope Project and its Early Science Opportunities</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/">Neutron Stars and Pulsars: Challenges and Opportunities after 80 years</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5785">1210.5785</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921312024015">10.1017/S1743921312024015</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530173653/http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+Project+and+its+Early+Science+Opportunities&rft.date=2012-08-20%2F2012-08-31&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1210.5785&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921312024015&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Di&rft.au=Nan%2C+Rendong&rft.au=Pan%2C+Zhichen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulsarastronomy.net%2FIAUS291%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span> Video available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/video/DiLi/">http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/video/DiLi/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824173206/http://www.pulsarastronomy.net/IAUS291/video/DiLi/">Archived</a> 24 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChenGang" class="citation news cs1">Chen, Zhou; Gang, Wu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.caixin.com/2016-09-26/100992047.html">"Scientists Concerned About Plans to Make Telescope a Tourist Attraction"</a>. <i>Caixin Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118064534/http://english.caixin.com/2016-09-26/100992047.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caixin+Online&rft.atitle=Scientists+Concerned+About+Plans+to+Make+Telescope+a+Tourist+Attraction&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Zhou&rft.au=Gang%2C+Wu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.caixin.com%2F2016-09-26%2F100992047.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2017" class="citation news cs1">Chen, Stephen (24 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2107893/how-noisy-chinese-tourists-may-be-drowning-out-alien-signals">"How noisy Chinese tourists may be drowning out alien signals at the world's biggest telescope"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824000945/http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2107893/how-noisy-chinese-tourists-may-be-drowning-out-alien-signals">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=How+noisy+Chinese+tourists+may+be+drowning+out+alien+signals+at+the+world%27s+biggest+telescope&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fsociety%2Farticle%2F2107893%2Fhow-noisy-chinese-tourists-may-be-drowning-out-alien-signals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com/m/gn/2017/09-16/8332735.shtml">"<span lang="zh-Hans">中国天眼"首席科学家南仁东病逝享年72岁</span>"</a>. <i>China News Service</i> (in Simplified Chinese). 16 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629122042/http://www.chinanews.com/m/gn/2017/09-16/8332735.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+News+Service&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9C%BC%22%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%97%E4%BB%81%E4%B8%9C%E7%97%85%E9%80%9D+%E4%BA%AB%E5%B9%B472%E5%B2%81%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com%2Fm%2Fgn%2F2017%2F09-16%2F8332735.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-20220614-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ES-20220614_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByrd2022" class="citation news cs1">Byrd, Deborah (4 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthsky.org/space/did-chinas-fast-telescope-detect-alien-intelligence/">"Has China's FAST telescope detected alien intelligence?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Earth_%26_Sky" title="Earth & Sky">Earth & Sky</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615154041/https://earthsky.org/space/did-chinas-fast-telescope-detect-alien-intelligence/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+%26+Sky&rft.atitle=Has+China%27s+FAST+telescope+detected+alien+intelligence%3F&rft.date=2022-06-04&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthsky.org%2Fspace%2Fdid-chinas-fast-telescope-detect-alien-intelligence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLing_Xin2022" class="citation news cs1">Ling Xin (15 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3181832/alien-hunters-detect-mystery-radio-signal-direction-earthlike">"Alien hunters detect mystery radio signal from direction of Earthlike planet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <q>Narrowband signal picked up from direction of the Kepler-438 star meets initial criteria for extraterrestrial intelligence, preprint says; orbiting Kepler-438 in its habitable zone is one of the most Earthlike planets ever found outside the solar system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Alien+hunters+detect+mystery+radio+signal+from+direction+of+Earthlike+planet&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft.au=Ling+Xin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F3181832%2Falien-hunters-detect-mystery-radio-signal-direction-earthlike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20220618-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20220618_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOverbye2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Overbye" title="Dennis Overbye">Overbye, Dennis</a> (18 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/18/science/china-alien-signal.html">"A Chinese Telescope Did Not Find an Alien Signal. The Search Continues. China's astronomers have been initiated into the search for extraterrestrial intelligence with the kind of false alarm that others in the field have experienced for decades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Chinese+Telescope+Did+Not+Find+an+Alien+Signal.+The+Search+Continues.+China%27s+astronomers+have+been+initiated+into+the+search+for+extraterrestrial+intelligence+with+the+kind+of+false+alarm+that+others+in+the+field+have+experienced+for+decades.&rft.date=2022-06-18&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F06%2F18%2Fscience%2Fchina-alien-signal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/china/2015-07/24/content_36136455.htm">"China assembles world's largest telescope in Guizhou"</a>. Xinhua. 24 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823141820/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2015-07/24/content_36136455.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span> – via China.org.cn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+assembles+world%27s+largest+telescope+in+Guizhou&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fchina%2F2015-07%2F24%2Fcontent_36136455.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohio-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohio_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation report cs1">Williams, R.L. II (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022030530/http://www.ohio.edu/people/williar4/html/pdf/FAST.pdf">Five-Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Cable-Suspended Robot Model and Comparison with the Arecibo Observatory</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Ohio University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohio.edu/people/williar4/html/pdf/FAST.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Five-Hundred+Meter+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+%28FAST%29+Cable-Suspended+Robot+Model+and+Comparison+with+the+Arecibo+Observatory&rft.pub=Ohio+University&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R.L.+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohio.edu%2Fpeople%2Fwilliar4%2Fhtml%2Fpdf%2FFAST.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span> Although this source contains wealth of detail, its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliability</a> is questionable. It describes in some detail (at the end of p. 4) the fact that FAST's dish is actually 519.6 m in diameter; papers published by the project scientists, who would presumably know, are explicit that the dish extends "up to a girder ring of exactly 500 m diameter".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISAP2013-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISAP2013_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJin_Chengjin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jin Chengjin; et al. (23 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2013/pdf/339_2_0.pdf">"The optics of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816125644/http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2013/pdf/339_2_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Symposium+on+Antennas+and+Propagation&rft.atitle=The+optics+of+the+Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+radio+Telescope&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.au=Jin+Chengjin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp%2Fisapx%2F2013%2Fpdf%2F339_2_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017203640/http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/Receiver.html">"Receiver Systems"</a>. <i>FAST Home Page</i>. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/Receiver.html">the original</a> on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FAST+Home+Page&rft.atitle=Receiver+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffast.bao.ac.cn%2Fen%2FReceiver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qian19-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qian19_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQian2019" class="citation journal cs1">Qian, Lei (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-018-9354-y">"The first pulsar discovered by FAST"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_China_Physics,_Mechanics_%26_Astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy">Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy</a></i>. <b>62</b> (5). CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences: 4 pp. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.06318">1903.06318</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019SCPMA..6259508Q">2019SCPMA..6259508Q</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11433-018-9354-y">10.1007/s11433-018-9354-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119479606">119479606</a>. 959508. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184408/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11433-018-9354-y">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+China+Physics%2C+Mechanics+%26+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+first+pulsar+discovered+by+FAST&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=4+pp&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1903.06318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119479606%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11433-018-9354-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019SCPMA..6259508Q&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Lei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11433-018-9354-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-blogs/astronomy-space-david-dickinson/fast-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-open/">"FAST Radio Telescope Open for Business"</a>. <i>Sky & Telescope</i>. 27 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161010211519/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-blogs/astronomy-space-david-dickinson/fast-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-open/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=FAST+Radio+Telescope+Open+for+Business&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fastronomy-blogs%2Fastronomy-space-david-dickinson%2Ffast-worlds-largest-radio-telescope-open%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/china-finds-phone-wielding-tourists-and-telescopes-dont-mesh/">"China Finds Phone-Wielding Tourists and Telescopes Don't Mesh"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426202731/https://www.wired.com/story/china-finds-phone-wielding-tourists-and-telescopes-dont-mesh/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=China+Finds+Phone-Wielding+Tourists+and+Telescopes+Don%27t+Mesh&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fchina-finds-phone-wielding-tourists-and-telescopes-dont-mesh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTripathi" class="citation web cs1">Tripathi, Aman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/chinas-fast-to-become-30-times-more-powerful">"30 times more powerful: China's FAST undergoes 24-telescope expansion"</a>. <i>Interesting Engineering</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interesting+Engineering&rft.atitle=30+times+more+powerful%3A+China%27s+FAST+undergoes+24-telescope+expansion&rft.aulast=Tripathi&rft.aufirst=Aman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterestingengineering.com%2Fscience%2Fchinas-fast-to-become-30-times-more-powerful&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/Science.html">"Science"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118041114/http://fast.bao.ac.cn/en/Science.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffast.bao.ac.cn%2Fen%2FScience.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHobbsDaiManchesterShannon2014" class="citation arxiv cs1">Hobbs, G.; Dai, S.; Manchester, R.N.; Shannon, R.M.; Kerr, M.; Lee, K.J.; Xu, R. (1 July 2014). "The Role of FAST in Pulsar Timing Arrays". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.0435">1407.0435</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph.IM">astro-ph.IM</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+FAST+in+Pulsar+Timing+Arrays&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1407.0435&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Dai%2C+S.&rft.au=Manchester%2C+R.N.&rft.au=Shannon%2C+R.M.&rft.au=Kerr%2C+M.&rft.au=Lee%2C+K.J.&rft.au=Xu%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astrobiology.com/2016/10/national-astronomical-observatories-of-china-breakthrough-initiatives-launch-global-collaboration-in.html">"National Astronomical Observatories of China, Breakthrough Initiatives Launch Global Collaboration in Search for Intelligent life in the Universe"</a> (Press release). Breakthrough Initiatives. 12 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184323/http://astrobiology.com/2016/10/national-astronomical-observatories-of-china-breakthrough-initiatives-launch-global-collaboration-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span> – via Astrobiology Web.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Astronomical+Observatories+of+China%2C+Breakthrough+Initiatives+Launch+Global+Collaboration+in+Search+for+Intelligent+life+in+the+Universe&rft.pub=Breakthrough+Initiatives&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrobiology.com%2F2016%2F10%2Fnational-astronomical-observatories-of-china-breakthrough-initiatives-launch-global-collaboration-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhangWerthimerZhangCobb2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Zhi-Song; Werthimer, Dan; Zhang, Tong-Jie; Cobb, Jeff; Korpela, Eric; Anderson, David; Gajjar, Vishal; Lee, Ryan; Li, Shi-Yu; Pei, Xin; Zhang, Xin-Xin (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7376">"First SETI Observations with China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST)"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>891</b> (2): 174. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.02130">2002.02130</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...891..174Z">2020ApJ...891..174Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7376">10.3847/1538-4357/ab7376</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357">1538-4357</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211043944">211043944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=First+SETI+Observations+with+China%27s+Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+radio+Telescope+%28FAST%29&rft.volume=891&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=174&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211043944%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020ApJ...891..174Z&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2002.02130&rft.issn=1538-4357&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab7376&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhi-Song&rft.au=Werthimer%2C+Dan&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Tong-Jie&rft.au=Cobb%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Korpela%2C+Eric&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David&rft.au=Gajjar%2C+Vishal&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ryan&rft.au=Li%2C+Shi-Yu&rft.au=Pei%2C+Xin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xin-Xin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F1538-4357%252Fab7376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDent2021" class="citation news cs1">Dent, Steve (4 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/china-will-open-its-500-meter-satellite-to-astronomers-across-the-world-105359520.html">"China's huge FAST telescope will open to scientists globally in April"</a>. Engadget (via Yahoo! Finance). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104151515/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/china-will-open-its-500-meter-satellite-to-astronomers-across-the-world-105359520.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China%27s+huge+FAST+telescope+will+open+to+scientists+globally+in+April&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft.aulast=Dent&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fchina-will-open-its-500-meter-satellite-to-astronomers-across-the-world-105359520.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/04/c_139640756.htm">"China's FAST telescope will be available to foreign scientists - Xinhua | English.news.cn"</a>. <i>www.xinhuanet.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104212427/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/04/c_139640756.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=China%27s+FAST+telescope+will+be+available+to+foreign+scientists+-+Xinhua+%7C+English.news.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2021-01%2F04%2Fc_139640756.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-optics-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-optics_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJinZhuFanLiu2013" class="citation conference cs1">Jin, Chengjin; Zhu, Kai; Fan, Jin; Liu, Hongfei; Zhu, Yan; Gan, Hengqian; Yu, Jinglong; Gao, Zhisheng; Cao, Yang; Wu, Yang (23 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2013/pdf/339_2_0.pdf"><i>The optics of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2013/">International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation</a>. Nanjing: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816125644/http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2013/pdf/339_2_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+optics+of+the+Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+radio+Telescope&rft.place=Nanjing&rft.pub=National+Astronomical+Observatories%2C+Chinese+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Chengjin&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kai&rft.au=Fan%2C+Jin&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hongfei&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yan&rft.au=Gan%2C+Hengqian&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jinglong&rft.au=Gao%2C+Zhisheng&rft.au=Cao%2C+Yang&rft.au=Wu%2C+Yang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp%2Fisapx%2F2013%2Fpdf%2F339_2_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qiu11-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qiu11_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQiu1998" class="citation journal cs1">Qiu, Yuhai H. (11 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-8711.1998.02067.x">"A novel design for a giant Arecibo-type spherical radio telescope with an active main reflector"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</a></i>. <b>301</b> (3). Beijing Astronomical Observatory, The Chinese Academy of Sciences: <span class="nowrap">827–</span>830. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998MNRAS.301..827Q">1998MNRAS.301..827Q</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-8711.1998.02067.x">10.1111/j.1365-8711.1998.02067.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=A+novel+design+for+a+giant+Arecibo-type+spherical+radio+telescope+with+an+active+main+reflector&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E827-%3C%2Fspan%3E830&rft.date=1998-12-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-8711.1998.02067.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998MNRAS.301..827Q&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Yuhai+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-8711.1998.02067.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCortés-Medellín2010" class="citation report cs1">Cortés-Medellín, Germán (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naic.edu/~phil/hardware/byuPhasedAr/logs/Cortes%20AOPAF_short%20report%20Sept%202010-1.pdf">AOPAF: Arecibo Observatory Phased Array Feed</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/National_Astronomy_and_Ionosphere_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center">National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508145854/http://www.naic.edu/~phil/hardware/byuPhasedAr/logs/Cortes%20AOPAF_short%20report%20Sept%202010-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=AOPAF%3A+Arecibo+Observatory+Phased+Array+Feed&rft.pub=National+Astronomy+and+Ionosphere+Center%2C+Cornell+University&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s-Medell%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Germ%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naic.edu%2F~phil%2Fhardware%2FbyuPhasedAr%2Flogs%2FCortes%2520AOPAF_short%2520report%2520Sept%25202010-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arecibo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arecibo_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arecibo_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naic.edu/~astro/general_info/basic.shtml">"Arecibo: General statistical information on the antenna"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Astronomy_and_Ionosphere_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center">National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center</a></i>. 3 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818145045/http://www.naic.edu/~astro/general_info/basic.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Astronomy+and+Ionosphere+Center&rft.atitle=Arecibo%3A+General+statistical+information+on+the+antenna&rft.date=2005-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naic.edu%2F~astro%2Fgeneral_info%2Fbasic.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naic.edu/~astro/guide/node2.html">"The Arecibo observatory and its telescope"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910163813/http://www2.naic.edu/~astro/guide/node2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Arecibo+observatory+and+its+telescope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naic.edu%2F~astro%2Fguide%2Fnode2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNan2002" class="citation web cs1">Nan, R.; et al. (16 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061029202520/http://www.skatelescope.org/documents/SKA_CHN_CONCEPT_Karst_17062002.pdf">"Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope – KARST"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skatelescope.org/documents/SKA_CHN_CONCEPT_Karst_17062002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilometer-square+Area+Radio+Synthesis+Telescope+%E2%80%93+KARST&rft.date=2002-06-16&rft.aulast=Nan&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skatelescope.org%2Fdocuments%2FSKA_CHN_CONCEPT_Karst_17062002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJinNanGan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jin, C. J.; Nan, R. D.; Gan, H. Q. (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1F91AA86ABBD28527A4887B59562C38C/S1743921308018978a.pdf/fast_telescope_and_its_possible_contribution_to_high_precision_astrometry.pdf">"The FAST telescope and its possible contribution to high precision astrometry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>. <b>3</b> (S248): <span class="nowrap">178–</span>181. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008IAUS..248..178J">2008IAUS..248..178J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921308018978">10.1017/S1743921308018978</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Astronomical+Union&rft.atitle=The+FAST+telescope+and+its+possible+contribution+to+high+precision+astrometry&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=S248&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E178-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921308018978&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008IAUS..248..178J&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.au=Nan%2C+R.+D.&rft.au=Gan%2C+H.+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F1F91AA86ABBD28527A4887B59562C38C%2FS1743921308018978a.pdf%2Ffast_telescope_and_its_possible_contribution_to_high_precision_astrometry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiPan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Di; Pan, Zhichen (30 December 2016). "The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Project". <i>Radio Science</i>. <b>51</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1060–</span>1064. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.09372">1612.09372</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RaSc...51.1060L">2016RaSc...51.1060L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2015RS005877">10.1002/2015RS005877</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119363387">119363387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Science&rft.atitle=The+Five-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Radio+Telescope+%28FAST%29+Project&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1060-%3C%2Fspan%3E1064&rft.date=2016-12-30&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1612.09372&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119363387%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F2015RS005877&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016RaSc...51.1060L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Di&rft.au=Pan%2C+Zhichen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-hundred-meter+Aperture+Spherical+Telescope" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fast.bao.ac.cn/">Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope – website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_7SBglFfik"><span class="plainlinks">Building the world's largest radio telescope – BBC News</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SRV3rnULO0"><span class="plainlinks">FAST: The World's Largest Telescope – China Icons</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (25 September 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/GPPS/">The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_astronomy459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_astronomy" title="Template:Radio astronomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_astronomy" title="Template talk:Radio astronomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_astronomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio astronomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_astronomy459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio astronomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Units (<a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jansky" title="Jansky">jansky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">Radio telescope</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radio_window" title="Radio window">Radio window</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_interferometer" title="Astronomical interferometer">Astronomical interferometer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_interferometer#History" title="Astronomical interferometer">History</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-long-baseline_interferometry" title="Very-long-baseline interferometry">Very Long Baseline Interferometry</a> (VLBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_radio_source" title="Astronomical radio source">Astronomical radio source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_telescopes" title="Category:Radio telescopes">Radio telescopes</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_telescopes" title="List of radio telescopes">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Individual<br />telescopes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</a> (FAST, <span style="font-size:85%;">China</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope" title="Arecibo Telescope">Arecibo Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Puerto Rico, US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltech_Submillimeter_Observatory" title="Caltech Submillimeter Observatory">Caltech Submillimeter Observatory</a> (CSO, <span style="font-size:85%;">US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effelsberg_100-m_Radio_Telescope" title="Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope">Effelsberg Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Germany)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galenki_RT-70_radio_telescope" title="Galenki RT-70 radio telescope">Galenki RT-70</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Russia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Telescope" title="Green Bank Telescope">Green Bank Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(West Virginia, US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Millimeter_Telescope" title="Large Millimeter Telescope">Large Millimeter Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mexico)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovell_Telescope" title="Lovell Telescope">Lovell Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooty_Radio_Telescope" title="Ooty Radio Telescope">Ooty Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(India)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitai_Radio_Telescope" title="Qitai Radio Telescope">Qitai Radio Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(China)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RATAN-600" title="RATAN-600">RATAN-600 Radio Telescope</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">Russia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia_Radio_Telescope" title="Sardinia Radio Telescope">Sardinia Radio Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Italy)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffa_RT-70_radio_telescope" title="Suffa RT-70 radio telescope">Suffa RT-70</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uzbekistan)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usuda_Deep_Space_Center" title="Usuda Deep Space Center">Usuda Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Japan)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_T-shaped_Radio_telescope,_second_modification" title="Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification">UTR-2 decameter radio telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ukraine)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria_RT-70_radio_telescope" title="Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope">Yevpatoria RT-70</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ukraine)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Southern Hemisphere</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hartebeesthoek_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory" title="Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory">HartRAO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parkes_Observatory" title="Parkes Observatory">Parkes Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warkworth_Radio_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory">Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NZ)</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Interferometers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a> (ATA, <span style="font-size:85%;">California, US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">Atacama Large Millimeter Array</a> (ALMA, <span style="font-size:85%;">Chile</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Telescope_Compact_Array" title="Australia Telescope Compact Array">Australia Telescope Compact Array</a> (ATCA, <span style="font-size:85%;">Australia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Square_Kilometre_Array_Pathfinder" title="Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder">Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder</a> (ASKAP, <span style="font-size:85%;">Australia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hydrogen_Intensity_Mapping_Experiment" title="Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment">Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment</a> (CHIME, <span style="font-size:85%;">Canada</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Array_for_Research_in_Millimeter-wave_Astronomy" title="Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy">Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy</a> (CARMA, <span style="font-size:85%;">California, US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_VLBI_Network" title="European VLBI Network">European VLBI Network</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Europe)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Horizon_Telescope" title="Event Horizon Telescope">Event Horizon Telescope</a> (EHT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Metrewave_Radio_Telescope" title="Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope">Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope</a> (GMRT, <span style="font-size:85%;">India</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Interferometer" title="Green Bank Interferometer">Green Bank Interferometer</a> (GBI, <span style="font-size:85%;">West Virginia, US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_VLBI_Network" title="Korean VLBI Network">Korean VLBI Network</a> (KVN, <span style="font-size:85%;">South Korea</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Latin_American_Millimeter_Array" title="Large Latin American Millimeter Array">Large Latin American Millimeter Array</a> (LLAMA, <span style="font-size:85%;">Argentina/Brazil</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Wavelength_Array" title="Long Wavelength Array">Long Wavelength Array</a> (LWA, <span style="font-size:85%;">New Mexico, US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-Frequency_Array_(LOFAR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR)">Low-Frequency Array</a> (LOFAR, <span style="font-size:85%;">Netherlands</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeerKAT" title="MeerKAT">MeerKAT</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">South Africa</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molonglo_Observatory_Synthesis_Telescope" title="Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope">Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope</a> (MOST, <span style="font-size:85%;">Australia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERLIN" title="MERLIN">Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network</a> (MERLIN, <span style="font-size:85%;">UK</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_Widefield_Array" title="Murchison Widefield Array">Murchison Widefield Array</a> (MWA, <span style="font-size:85%;">Australia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cross_Radio_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cross Radio Telescope">Northern Cross Radio Telescope</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">Italy</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Extended_Millimeter_Array" title="Northern Extended Millimeter Array">Northern Extended Millimeter Array</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">France</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Mile_Telescope" title="One-Mile Telescope">One-Mile Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_Structure_Telescope" title="Primeval Structure Telescope">Primeval Structure Telescope</a> (PaST, <span style="font-size:85%;">China</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Kilometre_Array" title="Square Kilometre Array">Square Kilometre Array</a> (SKA, <span style="font-size:85%;">Australia, South Africa</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Array" title="Submillimeter Array">Submillimeter Array</a> (SMA, <span style="font-size:85%;">US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Array" title="Very Large Array">Very Large Array</a> (VLA, <span style="font-size:85%;">New Mexico, US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_Long_Baseline_Array" title="Very Long Baseline Array">Very Long Baseline Array</a> (VLBA, <span style="font-size:85%;">US</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerbork_Synthesis_Radio_Telescope" title="Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope">Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope</a> (WSRT, <span style="font-size:85%;">Netherlands</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Space-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">Japan</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">Russia</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_observatories" title="Category:Radio observatories">Observatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Radio_Observatory" title="Algonquin Radio Observatory">Algonquin Radio Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Canada)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Puerto Rico, US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Observatory" title="Green Bank Observatory">Green Bank Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haystack_Observatory" title="Haystack Observatory">Haystack Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullard_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory" title="Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory">Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory" title="National Radio Astronomy Observatory">National Radio Astronomy Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%C3%A7ay_Radio_Observatory" title="Nançay Radio Observatory">Nançay Radio Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsala_Space_Observatory" title="Onsala Space Observatory">Onsala Space Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sweden)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushchino_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory" title="Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory">Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory</a> (PRAO ASC LPI, <span style="font-size:85%;">Russia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Astrophysical_Observatory_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Science" title="Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science">Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science</a> (SAORAS, <span style="font-size:85%;">Russia</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_River_Observatory" title="Vermilion River Observatory">Vermilion River Observatory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(US)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Multi-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Radio_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory">DRAO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Canada)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Norcia_Station" title="New Norcia Station">ESA New Norcia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Radar_Laboratory" title="Prince Albert Radar Laboratory">PARL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Canada)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexander_(scientist)" title="Elizabeth Alexander (scientist)">Elizabeth Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gatenby_Bolton" title="John Gatenby Bolton">John G. Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_George_Bowen" title="Edward George Bowen">Edward George Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_N._Bracewell" title="Ronald N. Bracewell">Ronald Bracewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Covington" title="Arthur Covington">Arthur Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_Dieter-Conklin" title="Nan Dieter-Conklin">Nan Dieter-Conklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Drake" title="Frank Drake">Frank Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hazard" title="Cyril Hazard">Cyril Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_von_Hoerner" title="Sebastian von Hoerner">Sebastian von Hoerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Guthe_Jansky" title="Karl Guthe Jansky">Karl Guthe Jansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kellermann" title="Kenneth Kellermann">Kenneth Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_John_Kerr" title="Frank John Kerr">Frank J. Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Kraus" title="John D. Kraus">John D. Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Bernard Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Alexander_Muller" title="Christiaan Alexander Muller">Christiaan Alexander Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Oort" title="Jan Oort">Jan Oort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Pawsey" title="Joseph L. Pawsey">Joseph Lade Pawsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Payne-Scott" title="Ruby Payne-Scott">Ruby Payne-Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Penzias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Reber" title="Grote Reber">Grote Reber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Swarup" title="Govind Swarup">Govind Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gart_Westerhout" title="Gart Westerhout">Gart Westerhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wild_(Australian_scientist)" title="Paul Wild (Australian scientist)">Paul Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Astronomy by<br /> EM methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy" title="Submillimetre astronomy">Submillimetre astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_astronomy" title="Infrared astronomy">Infrared astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible-light_astronomy" title="Visible-light astronomy">Optical astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-energy_astronomy" title="High-energy astronomy">High-energy astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">Gravitational-wave astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aperture_synthesis" title="Aperture synthesis">Aperture synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background" title="Cosmic microwave background">Cosmic microwave background radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferometry" title="Interferometry">Interferometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_radio_circle" title="Odd radio circle">Odd radio circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_timing_array" title="Pulsar timing array">Pulsar timing array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_propagation" title="Radio propagation">Radio propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">SETI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595 signal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_radio_emission" title="Solar radio emission">Solar radio emission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_astronomy" title="Category:Radio astronomy">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_astronomy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Radio astronomy">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/25px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/33px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/15px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/23px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/30px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&oldid=1275884354">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&oldid=1275884354</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_establishments_in_China" title="Category:2016 establishments in China">2016 establishments in China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astronomical_observatories_in_China" title="Category:Astronomical observatories in China">Astronomical observatories in China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Guizhou" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Guizhou">Buildings and structures in Guizhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_telescopes" title="Category:Chinese telescopes">Chinese telescopes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_2016" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2016">Buildings and structures completed in 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Category:Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_telescopes" title="Category:Radio telescopes">Radio telescopes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Category:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_reference_names" title="Category:Pages with broken reference names">Pages with broken reference names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Simplified_Chinese-language_sources_(zh-hans)" title="Category:CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)">CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2019">Use dmy dates from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_July_2019" title="Category:EngvarB from July 2019">EngvarB from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_infoboxes_completely_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata">Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2023">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_rewrite_from_January_2025" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2025">Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_rewrite" title="Category:All articles needing rewrite">All articles needing rewrite</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 February 2025, at 17:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>33 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-76d4c66f66-lcgh4","wgBackendResponseTime":167,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.541","walltime":"1.816","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14657,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":252791,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10239,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":223565,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1672.848 1 -total"," 31.49% 526.738 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.83% 398.646 1 Template:Infobox_telescope"," 23.32% 390.065 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.03% 167.794 15 Template:Cite_web"," 8.23% 137.602 21 Template:Cite_news"," 7.97% 133.319 25 Template:R"," 7.35% 123.019 26 Template:R/ref"," 7.34% 122.762 24 Template:If_first_display_both"," 6.77% 113.280 2 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.993","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23541859,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFByrd2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChenGang\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortés-Medellín2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCyranoski2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Jesus2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDent2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobbsDaiManchesterShannon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJinNanGan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJinZhuFanLiu2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJin_Chengjin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiNanPan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiPan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLing_Xin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGlaun2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKirdy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorelle2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNAN2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNan2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNormile2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOverbye2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiu1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuick2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRendong_NanDi_LiChengjin_JinQiming_Wang2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTripathi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXinhua2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYueLiNan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangWerthimerZhangCobb2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangWuYueGan2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"CNY\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite arXiv\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 15,\n [\"Comparison_FAST_Arecibo_Observatory_profiles.svg\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 10,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox telescope\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Needs update\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 25,\n [\"Radio astronomy\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rewrite section\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 2,\n [\"Zh\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f44755944-g6snl","timestamp":"20250302034406","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1827255","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1827255","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-10-27T14:25:39Z","dateModified":"2025-02-15T17:15:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6d\/FAST_Radio_Telescope_%28captured_from_video%29.jpg","headline":"radio telescope located in Pingtang County, Guizhou Province, China"}</script> </body> </html>