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href="https://zju.academia.edu/ImreGalambos">Imre Galambos</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Zhejiang University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/ViacheslavKuleshov"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Viacheslav Kuleshov related author profile picture" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1895779/1756649/167070895/s200_viacheslav.kuleshov.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/ViacheslavKuleshov">Viacheslav Kuleshov</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader 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data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>46</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles" id="Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles by Piper Gaubatz</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17526248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559246/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city">New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://umass.academia.edu/PiperGaubatz">Piper Gaubatz</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://umass.academia.edu/SainanLin">Sainan Lin</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the  1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's  migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of <br />village-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-17526248-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-17526248-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683816/figure-1-wenzhou-one-of-the-coastal-cities-opened-to-foreign"><img alt="Wenzhou, one of the 14 coastal cities opened to foreign After the beginning of the Reform Era in 1978, however, Wenzhou became the first city in China to foster the development of individual and private enterprises as well as a shareholding cooperative economy. This became one of the most profound in- fluences on urban and regional development patterns in contem- porary China (Tomba, 1999; Wei, 2007, 2009, 2011; Zhang, 1989; Zhang, 1994). Wenzhou experienced rapid economic growth, with its' economic structure changed substantially from an agriculture- based to secondary-industry based economic system. “Wenzhou,” like most cities in China, administered both a central urban core Fig. 1. Location map of Wenzhou city. Source: Basemap adapted from: Wei (2009). China's Shoe Manufacturing and the Wenzhou Model: Perspectives on the World's Leading Producer and Exporter of Footwear. Eurasia Geography and Economics, 50(6), 720—739. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683829/figure-2-rig-number-of-migrants-in-vvenzhou-zuuu-and-zuu"><img alt="rig. 4. Number Of migrants In VVenzhou, ZUUU and ZU1U. Data source: 2000 (the fifth) and 2010 (the sixth) National Population Census data of Wenzhou that are published by Wenzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683845/figure-3-share-of-migrants-in-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 3. Share of migrants in total population in 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683862/figure-4-location-quotient-lq-of-migrant-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 4. Location quotient (LQ) of migrant population in metropolitan Wenzhou in 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683879/figure-5-distribution-of-migrant-population"><img alt="Fig. 5. Distribution of migrant population, 2000. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683892/figure-6-distribution-of-migrant-population"><img alt="Fig. 6. Distribution of migrant population, 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683903/figure-7-migrants-as-proportion-of-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 7. Migrants as a proportion of total population in Wenzhou, 2000. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683920/figure-8-migrants-as-proportion-of-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 8. Migrants as a proportion of total population in Wenzhou, 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683938/figure-9-changes-of-migrant-population-in-total-population"><img alt="Fig. 9. Changes of migrant population in total population 2000—2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683953/figure-10-migrant-settlement-stars-represent-proportion-of"><img alt="* Migrant settlement (stars represent proportion of settlement in different spatial locations), One star=10% Furthermore, we also make use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a _ baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities. Migrant communities in Beijing, which were first primarily located in the zone of urban periphery, now has become an inner ring zone surrounding the city center. Migrants who live this zone either travel to the city center for service jobs, or travel to urban fringe for construction and sec- ondary industry work. Meanwhile, wealthy people's zone has been gradually developed in the urban fringe. Different from Beijing, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683971/table-1-data-source-department-of-urban-socio-economic"><img alt="Data Source: Department of Urban Socio-economic Surveys and NBSC (2014). China City Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Concentration of Industrial Enterprises above designated Size in urban districts, 2013. Table 1 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683983/table-2-new-wenzhou-migration-metropolitan-spatial"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-17526248-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00db9371577f08147b46a6261511755c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559246,"asset_id":17526248,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559246/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17526248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17526248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17526248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17526248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17526248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00db9371577f08147b46a6261511755c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17526248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17526248,"title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.\n"},"translated_abstract":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-10-30T11:48:21.247-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":353360,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":8329615,"work_id":17526248,"tagging_user_id":353360,"tagged_user_id":353360,"co_author_invite_id":1863412,"email":"p***z@gmail.com","affiliation":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","display_order":0,"name":"Piper Gaubatz","title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city"},{"id":8329616,"work_id":17526248,"tagging_user_id":353360,"tagged_user_id":876569,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***8@hotmail.com","affiliation":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sainan Lin","title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39559246,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559246/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lin_and_Gaubatz_2015_New_Wenzhou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559246/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39559246/Lin_and_Gaubatz_2015_New_Wenzhou-libre.pdf?1446230639=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNew_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spati.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662487\u0026Signature=YMQk~zdt1aoDqn5BkJYsd7Y7wAAiMPyhtNqmitFb45foM-CnYO7oNOvfkFx1fznqmEsOeGLxVLwd5fPqsdPZDU5-wWr3xzGc59TMeebg8igDxIw6GTINVpDIDDjd4LeHMSGa-TxlAp-Tk7OikWJ9C943sI6x9OEDRcavTdgOvI8ZZYUqI5mLI58PULmZ6ZMA5~SGrE3JtoLiZvprNgKjK9N8F8ktphdvkHfxzwSoBDBfnq3ZdGVcyBYvjscV2dbJuB4Yy-pCFK9X2HbN93s7B1qhyD~S9iXoqieEHh~q43iDOkSw-58eQEluGaIMa9HjCGTFtHRsHPdVBARNO9nU~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-17526248-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8860530"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/8860530/Borderlands_as_Urban_Space_Contexts_for_21st_Century_Chinese_Cities"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Borderlands as Urban Space: Contexts for 21st Century Chinese Cities" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Borderlands as Urban Space: Contexts for 21st Century Chinese Cities</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Macau: Cross-Border City</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8860530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8860530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8860530; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8860530-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3092795"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3092795/Chinas_Urban_Transformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of China's Urban Transformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40397015/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3092795/Chinas_Urban_Transformation">China's Urban Transformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Financial Review</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's population lived in cities. Today, 10 percent of the world's population -more than half of China's citizens -lives in Chinese cities. Ten of the world's fifteen fastest growing cities are in China, and at current growth rates China could add about 350 million people -more than the population of the United States -to its cities over the next two decades. By 2030, China's urbanization level will rise to 65 percent. 1 "When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10% of the country's population lived in cities. Today, 10% of the world's population -more than half of China's citizens -lives in Chinese cities. By 2030, China's urbanization level will rise to 65%."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-3092795-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-3092795-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980752/figure-1-by-editor-aug-th-categoryglobal-economy-management"><img alt="By editor! * Aug 18th, 2012 * CategoryGlobal Economy, Management, Operation, Recent Articles " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980756/figure-1-chinas-integration-into-the-global-marketplace-now"><img alt="China’s integration into the global marketplace now goes far beyond export processing. The country’s vast population and rising prosperity present huge market potentials for foreign firms, products, and services. Its entry into the World Trade Organization (in 2001) further increased the openness of the Chinese economy. Even before that, foreign consumer goods and brands had already landed in large cities. Cities along the southeast coast and in the Lowel Yangtze Delta also have become centers for China’s burgeoning financial sector. Regional distribution of foreign banks and branches is highly concentrated, in national and regional financial centers. Beijing and Shanghai dominate, then comes the Pearl River Delta, followed by several other coastal cities.’ Beijinc and Shanghai, in particular, have pursued the development of the financial sector and related business services. Export processing was clearly the motor of China’s global expansion in the early stage of reform. Together, foreign-invested firms contributed close to 60 percent of exports.” Riding on this wave, coastal provinces prospered much earlier than the rest of China. Other types of firms in these provinces, including town and village enterprises, were allowed to engage in export processing contracts. From the mid-1990s on, China began to build on the achievement of coastal provinces and move towards an open economy nationwide. Foreign investment concentrated in the Guangdong province in the southeast until recently, while several cities in the Lower Yangtze Delta have showed spectacular success in catching up (see Figure 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980762/figure-3-the-degree-of-market-transformation-mirrors-the"><img alt="The degree of market transformation mirrors the varying rate of growth across the three broad regions. The central region lags behind the eastern region, and the westem region behind the central region in the transition towards a market economy, in terms of both higher proportion of state-owned enterprises in industrial production and higher proportion of government funding in total fixed investment. Coastal cities also have benefited the most from the shift to export-processing manufacturing and services. In addition to being magnets for foreign investment, these cities are home to a large number of corporate headquarters for the top 500 domestic manufacturing firms. In particular, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Hangzhou are each home to more than 20 such headquarters.° The manufacturing powerhouses, as such, are concentrated in the Lower Yangtze Delta, the Bohai Bay region, and the Pearl River Delta. China is not dominated by a single “primate” city, but rather by several massive “city-regions” along the east coast. These city-regions, whose growth is inextricably linked to China’s participation in the global economy and major inter-city transportation infrastructure development, include the Pearl River Delta (centered on Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Hong Kong), Yangtze River Delta (centered on Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou), and Bohai Rim Region (centered on Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang) (See Flgure 2 for the location of cities). By 2005, these three regions accounted for 54 percent of China’s national GDP, 79 percent of China’s foreign trade, and received 85 percent of all foreign investment received by China.” The persistence of massive eastern agglomerations reflects a continuing imbalance in the Chinese urban system among the eastern, central and western regions. Uneven foreign investment and domestic development have turned the Chinese urban system “top-heavy” in recent years. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-3092795-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6168e6552bf207f2ed91265fd6484d43" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40397015,"asset_id":3092795,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40397015/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3092795"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3092795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092795; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092795]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092795]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092795; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3092795']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6168e6552bf207f2ed91265fd6484d43" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3092795]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3092795,"title":"China's Urban Transformation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"China's Urbanization: Growth and Future Projections","grobid_abstract":"When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's population lived in cities. 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An image of the completed street is painted on the metal fencing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="05e2c7e30915cb8896e8a6fbd6b40576" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559339,"asset_id":3092813,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559339/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3092813"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3092813"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092813; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092813]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092813; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3092813']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "05e2c7e30915cb8896e8a6fbd6b40576" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3092813]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3092813,"title":"New Public Space in Urban China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"dangdai chengshi gonggong kongjian sheji linian de yanbian\" (The evolution of design concepts for urban public space in contem-perspectives Passers-by peering through the fence at the reconstruction of Qianmen Street, Beijing, into a pedestrian street in 1920s style. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-3093078-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3093090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093090/China_s_Urban_Transformation_Patterns_and_Processes_of_Morphological_Change_in_Beijing_Shanghai_and_Guangzhou"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093090/China_s_Urban_Transformation_Patterns_and_Processes_of_Morphological_Change_in_Beijing_Shanghai_and_Guangzhou">China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Urban Studies</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China' s cities. The distinctive patterns wrought by overlaying socialist ideals on the pre-1949 city are giving way to new forms re¯ecting the country's dynamic economic, social and political conditions. This article provides an analysis of the patterns and processes of change in urban form in contemporary Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Analysis of these rapidly changing cities highlights both the regional variation in urban development in China and the emergence of common trends in development and form. The article focuses on patterns of land-use specialisation, circulation and building height, and processes of planning, urban renewal and privatisation of the real estate market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bba92018e51bc09f20215fdff608af9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559398,"asset_id":3093090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3093090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3093090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3093090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3093090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3093090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bba92018e51bc09f20215fdff608af9c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3093090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3093090,"title":"China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Urban Morphological Change in Chinese Cities","grobid_abstract":"New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China' s cities. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-3093201-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Piper Gaubatz</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3093211"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093211/Beyond_the_Great_Wall_Urban_Form_and_Transformation_on_the_Chinese_Frontiers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Beyond the Great Wall: Urban Form and Transformation on the Chinese Frontiers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Beyond the Great Wall: Urban Form and Transformation on the Chinese Frontiers</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3093211"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3093211"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093211; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-3093211-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3093024"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093024/The_Chinese_City"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Chinese City" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">The Chinese City</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3093024"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3093024"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093024; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85764314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85764314]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85764314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='85764314']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-85764314-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81936853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/81936853/Geographical_setting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Geographical setting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Geographical setting</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Chinese City</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81936853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81936853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81936853; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-81936853-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81936848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81936848/The_Chinese_City"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Chinese City" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87806184/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81936848/The_Chinese_City">The Chinese City</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Drawing on years of research experience and keen observations of the triumphs and problems in Chi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Drawing on years of research experience and keen observations of the triumphs and problems in China's cities, the authors provide a foundational understanding of China's urbanization and cities that is grounded in history and geography and challenges readers to consider Chinese urbanization through multiple disciplinary and thematic lenses. This book is anchored in the spatial sciences, including geography, urban studies, urban planning, and environmental studies. It offers a comprehensive survey of the evolving urban landscape, covering such topics as history and patterns of urbanization, spatial and regional context, models of urban form, economic and social-spatial transformation, urbanism and cultural dynamics, housing and land development, environmental and infrastructure issues, poverty and inequality, and challenges of urban governance. The book highlights both parallels and substantive differences between China and comparable cities and countries elsewhere, given that some urban conditions around the world converge and point to shared catalysts (e.g. internal migration) and globally linked processes (e.g. climate change). It explores the consequences of the demographic, economic, social, and environmental transitions on cities and urban dwellers. Illustrated case studies in each chapter ground the discussion and introduce readers to the diversity of cities and urban life in China. Most chapters also can be used as standalone course materials, with suggested references for further reading.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6ee4bef6b905a5c1a07639dd9ff0843c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87806184,"asset_id":81936848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87806184/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81936848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81936848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81936848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81936848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81936848]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81936848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81936848']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6ee4bef6b905a5c1a07639dd9ff0843c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81936848]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81936848,"title":"The Chinese City","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Routledge","ai_title_tag":"Urbanization and Cities in China: A Survey","grobid_abstract":"Drawing on years of research experience and keen observations of the triumphs and problems in China's cities, the authors provide a foundational understanding of China's urbanization and cities that is grounded in history and geography and challenges readers to consider Chinese urbanization through multiple disciplinary and thematic lenses. This book is anchored in the spatial sciences, including geography, urban studies, urban planning, and environmental studies. It offers a comprehensive survey of the evolving urban landscape, covering such topics as history and patterns of urbanization, spatial and regional context, models of urban form, economic and social-spatial transformation, urbanism and cultural dynamics, housing and land development, environmental and infrastructure issues, poverty and inequality, and challenges of urban governance. The book highlights both parallels and substantive differences between China and comparable cities and countries elsewhere, given that some urban conditions around the world converge and point to shared catalysts (e.g. internal migration) and globally linked processes (e.g. climate change). It explores the consequences of the demographic, economic, social, and environmental transitions on cities and urban dwellers. Illustrated case studies in each chapter ground the discussion and introduce readers to the diversity of cities and urban life in China. Most chapters also can be used as standalone course materials, with suggested references for further reading.","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":10,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":87806184},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81936848/The_Chinese_City","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-20T16:59:54.527-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":353360,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87806184,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87806184/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"9780429829550_googlepreview.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87806184/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Chinese_City.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87806184/9780429829550_googlepreview-libre.pdf?1655770150=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Chinese_City.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662488\u0026Signature=U~y1WyxsTpSIW8QFJQLCJyi0RsTwiSxaE9C9MzcUDsXXuhGC6kTkqcFe9NAFPSN9CT38oFd94erUnLwEgb7UgvupBT4emN~RrIfKa0CbS9f0BVle04~kjVPjuq7qlgtdY9JiU6ykUZZtqFuRQp~3fLk5z5up6TCkX3j8kPR7NeOJyPY23xMkooUeJqAxE4xoBD1ZgoaTZBk5jPwrVdkZVCV9UA5UT727tSQSwyqBJdUGPMgxSKgVRuE~ItI8iEgW3Zw~dVL3TbcjRdZK0MQuXZilUFA~P2OfFmhQLpWM2qIsyKyeykmDsQmTPHJnRFCtOkVwmyIBJmpeXgTUOKtyHQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Chinese_City","translated_slug":"","page_count":42,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Drawing on years of research experience and keen observations of the triumphs and problems in China's cities, the authors provide a foundational understanding of China's urbanization and cities that is grounded in history and geography and challenges readers to consider Chinese urbanization through multiple disciplinary and thematic lenses. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-81936842-figures'); } }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="425695" id="articles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17526248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559246/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city">New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://umass.academia.edu/PiperGaubatz">Piper Gaubatz</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://umass.academia.edu/SainanLin">Sainan Lin</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the  1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's  migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of <br />village-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-17526248-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-17526248-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683816/figure-1-wenzhou-one-of-the-coastal-cities-opened-to-foreign"><img alt="Wenzhou, one of the 14 coastal cities opened to foreign After the beginning of the Reform Era in 1978, however, Wenzhou became the first city in China to foster the development of individual and private enterprises as well as a shareholding cooperative economy. This became one of the most profound in- fluences on urban and regional development patterns in contem- porary China (Tomba, 1999; Wei, 2007, 2009, 2011; Zhang, 1989; Zhang, 1994). Wenzhou experienced rapid economic growth, with its' economic structure changed substantially from an agriculture- based to secondary-industry based economic system. “Wenzhou,” like most cities in China, administered both a central urban core Fig. 1. Location map of Wenzhou city. Source: Basemap adapted from: Wei (2009). China's Shoe Manufacturing and the Wenzhou Model: Perspectives on the World's Leading Producer and Exporter of Footwear. Eurasia Geography and Economics, 50(6), 720—739. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683829/figure-2-rig-number-of-migrants-in-vvenzhou-zuuu-and-zuu"><img alt="rig. 4. Number Of migrants In VVenzhou, ZUUU and ZU1U. Data source: 2000 (the fifth) and 2010 (the sixth) National Population Census data of Wenzhou that are published by Wenzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683845/figure-3-share-of-migrants-in-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 3. Share of migrants in total population in 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683862/figure-4-location-quotient-lq-of-migrant-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 4. Location quotient (LQ) of migrant population in metropolitan Wenzhou in 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683879/figure-5-distribution-of-migrant-population"><img alt="Fig. 5. Distribution of migrant population, 2000. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683892/figure-6-distribution-of-migrant-population"><img alt="Fig. 6. Distribution of migrant population, 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683903/figure-7-migrants-as-proportion-of-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 7. Migrants as a proportion of total population in Wenzhou, 2000. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683920/figure-8-migrants-as-proportion-of-total-population-in"><img alt="Fig. 8. Migrants as a proportion of total population in Wenzhou, 2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683938/figure-9-changes-of-migrant-population-in-total-population"><img alt="Fig. 9. Changes of migrant population in total population 2000—2010. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683953/figure-10-migrant-settlement-stars-represent-proportion-of"><img alt="* Migrant settlement (stars represent proportion of settlement in different spatial locations), One star=10% Furthermore, we also make use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a _ baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities. Migrant communities in Beijing, which were first primarily located in the zone of urban periphery, now has become an inner ring zone surrounding the city center. Migrants who live this zone either travel to the city center for service jobs, or travel to urban fringe for construction and sec- ondary industry work. Meanwhile, wealthy people's zone has been gradually developed in the urban fringe. Different from Beijing, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683971/table-1-data-source-department-of-urban-socio-economic"><img alt="Data Source: Department of Urban Socio-economic Surveys and NBSC (2014). China City Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Concentration of Industrial Enterprises above designated Size in urban districts, 2013. Table 1 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10683983/table-2-new-wenzhou-migration-metropolitan-spatial"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/39559246/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-17526248-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00db9371577f08147b46a6261511755c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559246,"asset_id":17526248,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559246/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17526248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17526248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17526248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17526248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17526248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17526248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00db9371577f08147b46a6261511755c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17526248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17526248,"title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.\n"},"translated_abstract":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. This article makes use of the classic “concentric zone model” of urban spatial organization as a baseline for understanding the differing dynamics of migrant communities in contemporary Chinese cities.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17526248/New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-10-30T11:48:21.247-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":353360,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":8329615,"work_id":17526248,"tagging_user_id":353360,"tagged_user_id":353360,"co_author_invite_id":1863412,"email":"p***z@gmail.com","affiliation":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","display_order":0,"name":"Piper Gaubatz","title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city"},{"id":8329616,"work_id":17526248,"tagging_user_id":353360,"tagged_user_id":876569,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***8@hotmail.com","affiliation":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sainan Lin","title":"New Wenzhou: Migration, metropolitan spatial development and modernity in a third-tier Chinese model city"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39559246,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559246/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Lin_and_Gaubatz_2015_New_Wenzhou.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559246/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39559246/Lin_and_Gaubatz_2015_New_Wenzhou-libre.pdf?1446230639=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNew_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spati.pdf\u0026Expires=1743662487\u0026Signature=YMQk~zdt1aoDqn5BkJYsd7Y7wAAiMPyhtNqmitFb45foM-CnYO7oNOvfkFx1fznqmEsOeGLxVLwd5fPqsdPZDU5-wWr3xzGc59TMeebg8igDxIw6GTINVpDIDDjd4LeHMSGa-TxlAp-Tk7OikWJ9C943sI6x9OEDRcavTdgOvI8ZZYUqI5mLI58PULmZ6ZMA5~SGrE3JtoLiZvprNgKjK9N8F8ktphdvkHfxzwSoBDBfnq3ZdGVcyBYvjscV2dbJuB4Yy-pCFK9X2HbN93s7B1qhyD~S9iXoqieEHh~q43iDOkSw-58eQEluGaIMa9HjCGTFtHRsHPdVBARNO9nU~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"New_Wenzhou_Migration_metropolitan_spatial_development_and_modernity_in_a_third_tier_Chinese_model_city","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Migration has asserted great inﬂuence on cities' spatial structure. This article focuses on Wenzhou, a third-tier Chinese city that served as a national model for the re-introduction of small-scale private enterprise in the 1990s. We argue that Wenzhou's migrant communities, which are dominated by manufacturing workers, are spatially linked to patterns of industrial development. Thus the city's in- dustrial development strategies have had a direct inﬂuence on the location, formation, and characteristics of migrant communities. This is a direct contrast to the spatial formation of migrant communities in Beijing and Guangzhou, where factors such as the location of \nvillage-held land and place-of-origin linked migrant communities have been more important. Results are based on spatial analysis with data drawn from 2000 and 2010 population census. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-17526248-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8860530"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/8860530/Borderlands_as_Urban_Space_Contexts_for_21st_Century_Chinese_Cities"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Borderlands as Urban Space: Contexts for 21st Century Chinese Cities" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Borderlands as Urban Space: Contexts for 21st Century Chinese Cities</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Macau: Cross-Border City</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8860530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8860530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8860530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8860530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8860530]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8860530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='8860530']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-8860530-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3092795"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3092795/Chinas_Urban_Transformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of China's Urban Transformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40397015/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3092795/Chinas_Urban_Transformation">China's Urban Transformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Financial Review</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's population lived in cities. Today, 10 percent of the world's population -more than half of China's citizens -lives in Chinese cities. Ten of the world's fifteen fastest growing cities are in China, and at current growth rates China could add about 350 million people -more than the population of the United States -to its cities over the next two decades. By 2030, China's urbanization level will rise to 65 percent. 1 "When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10% of the country's population lived in cities. Today, 10% of the world's population -more than half of China's citizens -lives in Chinese cities. By 2030, China's urbanization level will rise to 65%."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-3092795-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-3092795-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980752/figure-1-by-editor-aug-th-categoryglobal-economy-management"><img alt="By editor! * Aug 18th, 2012 * CategoryGlobal Economy, Management, Operation, Recent Articles " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980756/figure-1-chinas-integration-into-the-global-marketplace-now"><img alt="China’s integration into the global marketplace now goes far beyond export processing. The country’s vast population and rising prosperity present huge market potentials for foreign firms, products, and services. Its entry into the World Trade Organization (in 2001) further increased the openness of the Chinese economy. Even before that, foreign consumer goods and brands had already landed in large cities. Cities along the southeast coast and in the Lowel Yangtze Delta also have become centers for China’s burgeoning financial sector. Regional distribution of foreign banks and branches is highly concentrated, in national and regional financial centers. Beijing and Shanghai dominate, then comes the Pearl River Delta, followed by several other coastal cities.’ Beijinc and Shanghai, in particular, have pursued the development of the financial sector and related business services. Export processing was clearly the motor of China’s global expansion in the early stage of reform. Together, foreign-invested firms contributed close to 60 percent of exports.” Riding on this wave, coastal provinces prospered much earlier than the rest of China. Other types of firms in these provinces, including town and village enterprises, were allowed to engage in export processing contracts. From the mid-1990s on, China began to build on the achievement of coastal provinces and move towards an open economy nationwide. Foreign investment concentrated in the Guangdong province in the southeast until recently, while several cities in the Lower Yangtze Delta have showed spectacular success in catching up (see Figure 1). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/7980762/figure-3-the-degree-of-market-transformation-mirrors-the"><img alt="The degree of market transformation mirrors the varying rate of growth across the three broad regions. The central region lags behind the eastern region, and the westem region behind the central region in the transition towards a market economy, in terms of both higher proportion of state-owned enterprises in industrial production and higher proportion of government funding in total fixed investment. Coastal cities also have benefited the most from the shift to export-processing manufacturing and services. In addition to being magnets for foreign investment, these cities are home to a large number of corporate headquarters for the top 500 domestic manufacturing firms. In particular, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Hangzhou are each home to more than 20 such headquarters.° The manufacturing powerhouses, as such, are concentrated in the Lower Yangtze Delta, the Bohai Bay region, and the Pearl River Delta. China is not dominated by a single “primate” city, but rather by several massive “city-regions” along the east coast. These city-regions, whose growth is inextricably linked to China’s participation in the global economy and major inter-city transportation infrastructure development, include the Pearl River Delta (centered on Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Hong Kong), Yangtze River Delta (centered on Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou), and Bohai Rim Region (centered on Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang) (See Flgure 2 for the location of cities). By 2005, these three regions accounted for 54 percent of China’s national GDP, 79 percent of China’s foreign trade, and received 85 percent of all foreign investment received by China.” The persistence of massive eastern agglomerations reflects a continuing imbalance in the Chinese urban system among the eastern, central and western regions. Uneven foreign investment and domestic development have turned the Chinese urban system “top-heavy” in recent years. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/40397015/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-3092795-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6168e6552bf207f2ed91265fd6484d43" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40397015,"asset_id":3092795,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40397015/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3092795"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3092795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092795; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092795]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092795]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092795; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3092795']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6168e6552bf207f2ed91265fd6484d43" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3092795]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3092795,"title":"China's Urban Transformation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"China's Urbanization: Growth and Future Projections","grobid_abstract":"When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, only about 10 percent of the country's population lived in cities. 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An image of the completed street is painted on the metal fencing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="05e2c7e30915cb8896e8a6fbd6b40576" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559339,"asset_id":3092813,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559339/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3092813"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3092813"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092813; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3092813]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3092813; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3092813']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "05e2c7e30915cb8896e8a6fbd6b40576" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3092813]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3092813,"title":"New Public Space in Urban China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"dangdai chengshi gonggong kongjian sheji linian de yanbian\" (The evolution of design concepts for urban public space in contem-perspectives Passers-by peering through the fence at the reconstruction of Qianmen Street, Beijing, into a pedestrian street in 1920s style. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-3093078-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="3093090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093090/China_s_Urban_Transformation_Patterns_and_Processes_of_Morphological_Change_in_Beijing_Shanghai_and_Guangzhou"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39559398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/3093090/China_s_Urban_Transformation_Patterns_and_Processes_of_Morphological_Change_in_Beijing_Shanghai_and_Guangzhou">China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Urban Studies</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China' s cities. The distinctive patterns wrought by overlaying socialist ideals on the pre-1949 city are giving way to new forms re¯ecting the country's dynamic economic, social and political conditions. This article provides an analysis of the patterns and processes of change in urban form in contemporary Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Analysis of these rapidly changing cities highlights both the regional variation in urban development in China and the emergence of common trends in development and form. The article focuses on patterns of land-use specialisation, circulation and building height, and processes of planning, urban renewal and privatisation of the real estate market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bba92018e51bc09f20215fdff608af9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39559398,"asset_id":3093090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39559398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3093090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3093090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3093090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3093090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3093090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3093090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bba92018e51bc09f20215fdff608af9c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3093090]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3093090,"title":"China’s Urban Transformation: Patterns and Processes of Morphological Change in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Urban Morphological Change in Chinese Cities","grobid_abstract":"New urban and economic development are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China' s cities. 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