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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prírodné_podmienky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prírodné_podmienky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prírodné podmienky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prírodné_podmienky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dejiny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dejiny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dejiny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dejiny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politický_systém" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politický_systém"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politický systém</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politický_systém-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratívne_rozdelenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratívne_rozdelenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administratívne rozdelenie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratívne_rozdelenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podnebie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podnebie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Podnebie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podnebie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekológia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekológia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ekológia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekológia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazyk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazyk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Jazyk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazyk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Náboženstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Náboženstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Náboženstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Náboženstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultúra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultúra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kultúra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultúra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zručnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zručnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Zručnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zručnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradície" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradície"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Tradície</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradície-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospodárstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospodárstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Hospodárstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospodárstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vzdelávanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vzdelávanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Vzdelávanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vzdelávanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preprava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preprava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Preprava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preprava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Zdroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkménsko</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 244 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-244" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">244 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%83%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҭурқменисҭан – abcházčina" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭурқменисҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcházčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – acehčina" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменыстан – adygejčina" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуменыстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ቱርክመኒስታን – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክመኒስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – stará angličtina" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="stará angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ – aramejčina" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تركمانستان – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركمانستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توركمينيستان – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركمينيستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান – ásamčina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – avarčina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmin_suyu" title="Turkmin suyu – aymarčina" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkmin suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkm%C9%99nistan" title="Türkmənistan – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمنیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکمنیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төркмәнстан – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuakmenien" title="Tuakmenien – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tuakmenien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmien%C4%97stans" title="Torkmienėstans – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkmienėstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркмэністан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Туркмэністан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – batavština" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="batavština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukmenistan" title="Tukmenistan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Tukmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན། – tibetčina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান – bišnuprijskomanipurština" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুর্কমেনিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bišnuprijskomanipurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ – bugiština" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨆᨙᨊᨗᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugiština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Туркмени – čečenčina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркмени" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تورکمانستان – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکمانستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – korzičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – krymská tatárčina" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krymská tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kašubčina" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcmenistan" title="Tyrcmenistan – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkmen%C4%B1stan" title="Tırkmenıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkmenıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – dolnolužická srbčina" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnolužická srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kadazandusunština" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="kadazandusunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން – maldivčina" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – eweština" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenio" title="Turkmenio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkmenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – fulbčina" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="odporúčaný článok"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turcmènistan – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turcmènistan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmeenistaan" title="Turkmeenistaan – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turkmeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuircm%C3%A9anast%C3%A1in" title="An Tuircméanastáin – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuircméanastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – gagauzština" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Tirkménistan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirkménistan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmanast%C3%A0n" title="Turcmanastàn – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turcmanastàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turkmenistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۊرکمنستان – gilačtina" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکمنستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuykomenit%C3%A3" title="Tuykomenitã – guaraníjčina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tuykomenitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraníjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – konkánština (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkánština (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન – gudžarátčina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkmenistaan" title="Yn Turkmenistaan – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukemenikana" title="Tukemenikana – havajčina" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tukemenikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="טורקמניסטן – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקמניסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – hornolužická srbčina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hornolužická srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikmenistan" title="Tikmenistan – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tikmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmeniszt%C3%A1n" title="Türkmenisztán – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Türkmenisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թուրքմենստան – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքմենստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – ilokánčina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenistan" title="Túrkmenistan – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Túrkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="トルクメニスタン – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルクメニスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenstan" title="Túrkmenstan – karakalpačtina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkmenstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Тыркуменистэн – kabardčina" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуменистэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkimenistan%C9%A9" title="Turkimenistanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Turkimenistanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kongčina" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kikujčina" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikujčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түрікменстан – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түрікменстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន – khmérčina" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកមេនីស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmérčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르크메니스탄 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르크메니스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkmenistan" title="Tirkmenistan – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – komijčina" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Turkmen" title="Pow Turkmen – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Turkmen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркмөнстан – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркмөнстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcomannia" title="Turcomannia – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcomannia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – židovská španielčina" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="židovská španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туьркменистан – lezginčina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьркменистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1ni" title="Turkmenistáni – lingalčina" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkmenistáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C4%97nija" title="Turkmėnija – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkmėnija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C4%81na" title="Turkmenistāna – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turkmenistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – madurčina" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – maithilčina" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркмэнистан – mokšiančina" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркмэнистан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšiančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkmenist%C3%A0na" title="Torkmenistàna – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkmenistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukumanat%C4%81nga" title="Tukumanatānga – maorijčina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tukumanatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – minangkabaučina" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabaučina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്‌മെനിസ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – manípurčina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯛꯃꯦꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – maltčina" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="تورکمونسون – mázandaránčina" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکمونسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान – nepálčina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तर्कमेनिस्तान – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तर्कमेनिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naashch%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC_Bidiyog%C3%ADihnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naashchʼąąʼ Bidiyogíihnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcmenistan" title="Turcmenistan – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turcmenistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistuanu" title="Turkmenistuanu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turkmenistuanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkimeenistaan" title="Tarkimeenistaan – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkimeenistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – osetčina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – kapampangančina" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="kapampangančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – picardština" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान – pálí" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्कमिनिस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pálí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terkmenistaan" title="Terkmenistaan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Terkmenistaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τουρκμενιστάν – pontština" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκμενιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمنستان – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترکمنستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquemenist%C3%A3o" title="Turquemenistão – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquemenistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkminsuyu" title="Turkminsuyu – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkminsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukimenisitani" title="Turukimenisitani – rwandčina" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="rwandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्कमेनिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түркменистаан – jakutčina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түркменистаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ – santalčina" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A0n" title="Turkmenistàn – sardínčina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkmenistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترڪمانستان – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪمانستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – saamčina (severná)" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saamčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ – šančina" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටර්ක්මෙනිස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – samojčina" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samojčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – saamčina (inarijská)" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="saamčina (inarijská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – šončina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistani" title="Turkmenistani – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turkmenistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменистан – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркменистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThumekhi" title="IThumekhi – svazijčina" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThumekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svazijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nistan" title="Turkménistan – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turkménistan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmy%C5%84istan" title="Turkmyńistan – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turkmyńistan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்மெனிஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్ – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkomenistaun" title="Turkomenistaun – tetumčina" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkomenistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetumčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Туркманистон – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркманистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – turkménčina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C9%99nistan" title="Turkmənistan – talyština" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Turkmənistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABkimenisitani" title="Tūkimenisitani – tongčina" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tūkimenisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төрекмәнстан – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрекмәнстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркмения – udmurtčina" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Туркмения" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۈركمەنىستان – ujgurčina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركمەنىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Туркменістан – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туркменістан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکمانستان – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکمانستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmaniston" title="Turkmaniston – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkmaniston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nistan" title="Turkmènistan – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turkmènistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen%C3%A4n" title="Turkmenän – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Turkmenän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkumenistaan" title="Turkumenistaan – wolofčina" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Turkumenistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქმენეთი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქმენეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טורקמעניסטאן – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טורקמעניסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkm%E1%BA%B9%CC%81n%C3%ACst%C3%A1n" title="Turkmẹ́nìstán – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkmẹ́nìstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – čuangčina" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="čuangčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerkmenistan" title="Toerkmenistan – zélandština" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Toerkmenistan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ – tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵎⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土库曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土庫曼斯坦 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土庫曼斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turkmenistan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="土庫曼 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土庫曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nsko" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusia:Turkm%C3%A9nsko" rel="discussion" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9nsko"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Turkm%C3%A9nsko" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Turkm%C3%A9nsko" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&oldid=7677035" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto 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mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tlačiť/exportovať </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Knihy&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turkm%C3%A9nsko"><span>Vytvoriť knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stiahnuť ako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&printable=yes" title="Verzia tejto stránky pre tlač [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verzia pre tlač</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V iných projektoch </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874" title="Odkaz na prepojenú položku dátového úložiska [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><table style="" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Broom_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/44px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/66px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/88px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Tento článok alebo jeho časť si vyžaduje úpravu, aby zodpovedal vyššiemu štandardu kvality.</b><br /><small>Prosím, pozrite si stránky <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Obsah" title="Pomoc:Obsah">pomocníka</a>, odporúčanie pre <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Encyklopedick%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%BDl" title="Wikipédia:Encyklopedický štýl">encyklopedický štýl</a> a článok <a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit">vhodne upravte</a>.</small> <hr /> <small>viaceré kapitoly sú duplicitné, text treba pozorne prečítať, pospájať čo patrí k sebe a zbytočnosti odstrániť</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em; font-size: 89%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="summary" style="font-size: 120%; text-align: center"><b>Turkménsko</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="display: table-cell;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlajka Turkménska"><img alt="Vlajka Turkménska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Štátny znak Turkménska"><img alt="Štátny znak Turkménska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/70px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/105px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/140px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 89%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlajka_Turkm%C3%A9nska" title="Vlajka Turkménska">Vlajka</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0t%C3%A1tny_znak_Turkm%C3%A9nska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Štátny znak Turkménska (stránka neexistuje)">Znak</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 89%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%BDch_mott" title="Zoznam národných mott">Národné motto</a>:<br />nie je </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 89%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tnych_hymien" title="Zoznam štátnych hymien">Štátna hymna</a>:<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gara%C5%9Fsyz,_Bitarap,_T%C3%BCrkmenistany%C5%88_d%C3%B6wlet_gimni" title="Garaşsyz, Bitarap, Türkmenistanyň döwlet gimni">Garaşsyz, Bitarap, Türkmenistanyň döwlet gimni</a></i><br />(„Národná hymna nezávislého, neutrálneho Turkménska“)<br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="120" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Turkmenistan,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/National_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga/National_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/National_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=tk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tk" label="Türkmençe ‪(tk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Turkmenistan%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_(Eurasia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg/260px-Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg/390px-Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg/520px-Turkmenistan_on_the_globe_%28Eurasia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="795" /></a></span></td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>Miestny názov</b> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0;"> • dlhý</td> <td style="border: 0;">Türkmenistan </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0;"> • krátky</td> <td style="border: 0;">Türkmenistan </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_hlavn%C3%BDch_miest" title="Zoznam hlavných miest">Hlavné mesto</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1chabad" title="Ašchabad">Ašchabad</a><br /> <small>37°58′ s.š. 58°20′ .d.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Najväčšie mesto</b> </td> <td>Ašchabad </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Aradn%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Úradný jazyk">Úradné jazyky</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkm%C3%A9n%C4%8Dina" title="Turkménčina">turkménčina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Regionálne jazyky</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština">ruština</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;">Turkmén, Turkménka<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tneho_zriadenia" title="Zoznam štátov podľa štátneho zriadenia">Štátne zriadenie</a></b><br />Prezident </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Prezidentsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Prezidentská republika">prezidentská republika</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdar_Berdymuhamedov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serdar Berdymuhamedov (stránka neexistuje)">Serdar Berdymuhamedov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Vznik</b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/27._okt%C3%B3ber" title="27. október">27. október</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> (vyhlásenie nezávislosti od <a href="/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z" title="Sovietsky zväz">ZSSR</a> a premenovanie na Turkménsku republiku)<br /><a href="/wiki/26._december" title="26. december">26. december</a> 1991 (oficiálny vznik nezávislého Turkménska) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Susedia</b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Irán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_rozlohy" title="Zoznam štátov podľa rozlohy">Rozloha</a></b><br /> • celková<br /> • voda (%) </td> <td> <br />491 210 km² (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_rozlohy" title="Zoznam štátov podľa rozlohy">53</a>.)   <br /> km² (4,9 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_po%C4%8Dtu_obyvate%C4%BEov" title="Zoznam štátov podľa počtu obyvateľov">Počet obyvateľov</a></b><br /> • odhad (<a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)<span><br />  • <a href="/wiki/Hustota_za%C4%BEudnenia" title="Hustota zaľudnenia">hustota</a> (2014) </span></td> <td> <br />5 171 943 (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_po%C4%8Dtu_obyvate%C4%BEov" title="Zoznam štátov podľa počtu obyvateľov">117</a>.) <span class="hiddenStructure"><br /> </span><br />10,5/km² (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hustoty_obyvate%C4%BEstva" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hustoty obyvateľstva">208</a>.) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Hrub%C3%BD_dom%C3%A1ci_produkt" title="Hrubý domáci produkt">HDP</a></b><br /> • celkový<br /> • na hlavu (PKS) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a><br />43,355 mld. $ (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu">?</a>.)<br />18 771 $ (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_hrub%C3%A9ho_dom%C3%A1ceho_produktu_v_prepo%C4%8Dte_na_jedn%C3%A9ho_obyvate%C4%BEa_v_parite_k%C3%BApnej_sily" title="Zoznam štátov podľa hrubého domáceho produktu v prepočte na jedného obyvateľa v parite kúpnej sily">?</a>.) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><b><a href="/wiki/Index_%C4%BEudsk%C3%A9ho_rozvoja" title="Index ľudského rozvoja">Index ľudského rozvoja</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>) </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">0,688 (<a href="/wiki/Zoznam_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov_pod%C4%BEa_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoznam štátov podľa HDI">109</a>.) – stredný </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%88a%C5%BEn%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Peňažná jednotka">Mena</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsky_man%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkménsky manát (stránka neexistuje)">turkménsky manát</a> (TMT) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casov%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo" title="Časové pásmo">Časové pásmo</a></b><br /> • <a href="/wiki/Letn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Letný čas">Letný čas</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Svetový čas">UTC</a>+5)<br />+5 (<a href="/wiki/Svetov%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Svetový čas">UTC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">Medzinárodný kód</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">TKM </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pozn%C3%A1vacia_zna%C4%8Dka_(medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1)" title="Poznávacia značka (medzinárodná)">Medzinárodná poznávacia značka</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">TM </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_internetov%C3%BDch_dom%C3%A9n_najvy%C5%A1%C5%A1ej_%C3%BArovne" title="Zoznam internetových domén najvyššej úrovne">Internetová doména</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.tm" title=".tm">.tm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zoznam_smerov%C3%BDch_telef%C3%B3nnych_%C4%8D%C3%ADsiel_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov" title="Zoznam smerových telefónnych čísiel štátov">Smerové telefónne číslo</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">+993 </td></tr> </tbody></table><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Zemepisn%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnice" title="Zemepisné súradnice">Súradnice</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&language=sk&params=39_N_60_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 39°S 60°V"><span class="latitude">39°S</span> <span class="longitude">60°V</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapy, letecké fotografie a iné dáta pre 39 60">39°S 60°V</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39; 60</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </p><p><b>Turkménsko</b> (–normovaný názov; staršie, t. j. najmä pred vznikom dnešného štátu: <i>Turkménia</i> alebo <i>Turkmenistan</i>) je štát v <a href="/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Stredná Ázia">Strednej Ázii</a>. Hraničí s <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Iránom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistanom</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstanom</a>. Je bývalou zväzovou republikou <a href="/wiki/ZSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="ZSSR">Sovietskeho zväzu</a> a členom <a href="/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Denstvo_nez%C3%A1visl%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov" title="Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov">Spoločenstva nezávislých štátov</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prírodné_podmienky"><span id="Pr.C3.ADrodn.C3.A9_podmienky"></span>Prírodné podmienky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Prírodné podmienky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prírodné podmienky"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko je najrovinatejšia stredoázijská krajina a rozkladá sa v púštnom pásme na juhu <a href="/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Stredná Ázia">Strednej Ázie</a>. 80 percent rozlohy zaberá púšť <a href="/wiki/Karakum" title="Karakum">Karakum</a>, ktorá je súčasťou <a href="/wiki/Turansk%C3%A1_n%C3%AD%C5%BEina" title="Turanská nížina">Turanskej nížiny</a>. Prevažnú časť púšte tvoria pieskové presypy. Pozdĺž <a href="/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more" title="Kaspické more">Kaspického mora</a> sa rozkladá slanisková Kaspická nížina, na ktorej sa nachádzajú ložiská ropy a zemného plynu. Na východe do Turkménska zasahuje pohorie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kugitangtaou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kugitangtaou (stránka neexistuje)">Kugitangtaou</a>, dosahujúce výšky až 3000 metrov nad morom. Na západe sa ťahá horský masív <a href="/wiki/Kopetdag" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopetdag">Kopetdag Gerši</a>, územie na jeho úpätí sa vyznačuje veľkou seizmickou činnosťou. Rieka <a href="/wiki/Amudarja" title="Amudarja">Amudarja</a> tvorí časť východnej hranice s <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistanom</a>. Turkménsko má mimoriadne veľké zásoby <a href="/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa">ropy</a> a <a href="/wiki/Zemn%C3%BD_plyn" title="Zemný plyn">zemného plynu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polostrov_%C4%8Caleken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polostrov Čaleken (stránka neexistuje)">polostrov Čaleken</a>), významné sú aj ložiská <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">síry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">olova</a> a niektorých iných kovov. Podnebie sa vyznačuje horúcim a suchým letom a pomerne chladnou zimou. Väčšina krajiny má púštny charakter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dejiny">Dejiny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Dejiny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dejiny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Najstaršie pamiatky nasvedčujú, že krajina bola osídlená medzi 5. – <a href="/wiki/4._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="4. tisícročie pred Kr.">4. tisícročím pred Kr.</a> V 6. storočí pred Kr. oblasť obsadili <a href="/wiki/Staroperzsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Staroperzská ríša">perzské vojská</a>, o dve storočia neskôr oblasťou prešiel so svojou armádou <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Maced%C3%B3nsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Macedónsky">Alexander Macedónsky</a>. Od 3. storočia pred Kr. v krajine existoval mocná <a href="/wiki/Partsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Partská ríša">Partská ríša</a>, ktorá sa rozkladala najmä na území súčasného <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Iránu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraku</a>, no patrila mu aj staroveká Marfiana. Do krajiny v tomto období začali prenikať kočovné turecké kmene. V 7. storočí celú Strednú Áziu ovládli <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">Arabi</a>, v 11. storočí seldžuckí Turci a v 14. storočí patrila do <a href="/wiki/Timurova_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurova ríša">Timurovej ríše</a>. Nastala islamizácia obyvateľstva a miešanie nových tureckých kočovných a starousadlých iránskych kmeňov, čím vznikli aj dnešní Turkméni. Po rozpade <a href="/wiki/Timurova_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurova ríša">Timurovej ríše</a> v oblasti vznikli Chivský chanát a Bucharský emirát. Od 16. storočia mali Turkméni prvé kontakty s Rusmi a v 17. storočí časť Turkménov odišla z krajiny do oblasti dnešného <a href="/wiki/Stavropo%C4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavropoľ">Stavropoľu</a> v predkaukazskom Rusku. Do Turkménska prenikli prvé ruské vojská v 19. storočí a v druhej polovici 19. storočia bolo Turkménsko pripojené k cárskemu Rusku. Nastalo pokojnejšie obdobie, skončili sa vojny medzi kmeňmi, rozvíjalo sa hospodárstvo (tradičná výroba kobercov), ale aj poľnohospodárstvo. Počas <a href="/wiki/VOSR" class="mw-redirect" title="VOSR">Veľkej októbrovej socialistickej revolúcie</a> bola v Turkménsku úspešne nastolená sovietska vláda a <a href="/wiki/27._okt%C3%B3ber" title="27. október">27. októbra</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> vznikla Turkménska SSR. Tá v roku <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> vyhlásila autonómiu a v roku <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> sa osamostatnila od Sovietskeho zväzu. Od roku <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> bol hlavou krajiny prezident <a href="/wiki/Saparmyrat_Ata%C3%BDewi%C3%A7_Ny%C3%BDazow" title="Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow">Saparmurad Nijazov</a>, ktorý mal absolútnu kontrolu nad krajinou a potláčal akúkoľvek opozíciu. <a href="/wiki/21._decembra" class="mw-redirect" title="21. decembra">21. decembra</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> zomrel na náhlu srdcovú príhodu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politický_systém"><span id="Politick.C3.BD_syst.C3.A9m"></span>Politický systém</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Politický systém" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Politický systém"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Od vzniku Turkménska v roku 1992 je v zmysle ústavy demokratická republika. Výkonný predseda je tiež predsedom Rady ministrov hláv vlády. Rada ministrov vykonáva každodenné fungovanie krajiny, najvyšším zákonodarným orgánom je <i>Majlis</i> (parlament), ktorý je priamo volený na päť rokov. Najvyšší orgán moci v Turkménsku <i>Khalk Maslahaty</i> (výbor ľudí) je vedený prezidentom. Prezident Turkménska je hlavou štátu, hlava vlády a vrchný veliteľ ozbrojených síl. Podľa ústavy prezident je priamo volený na päťročné funkčné obdobie a môže byť zvolený viac ako dve po sebe idúce obdobia. Súčasný prezident je Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. Súdny systém Turkménska zahŕňa Najvyšší súd, ktorý je najvyšším súdom a najvyšší hospodársky dvor. Podľa ústavy z roku 1992, prezident Turkménska menuje a odvoláva všetkých sudcov. Republika má systém jednej strany. Komunistická strana Turkménska bola premenovaná na Demokratickú stranu Turkménska (DPT) v roku 1991. Strana si udržala pozíciu ako jediná štátna legálna strana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administratívne_rozdelenie"><span id="Administrat.C3.ADvne_rozdelenie"></span>Administratívne rozdelenie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Administratívne rozdelenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Administratívne rozdelenie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko je rozdelené na 5 provincií (welajat) a hlavné mesto. Ide o provincie Ahal (Anau, mesto na okraji Ašchabadu), Balkan (Balkanabat, predtým Nebitdag), Daşoguz, Lebap (Türkmenabat), Mary a hlavné mesto <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1chabad" title="Ašchabad">Ašchabad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podnebie">Podnebie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Podnebie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Podnebie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klíma v Turkménsku je kontinentálna s chladnými zimami a veľmi horúcimi letami. Na väčšine plochy krajiny dosahujú priemerné denné teploty v januári od -6 do +5 °C, v júli je priemerná teplota 27 až 32 °C. V púšti teplota môže dosahovať až 50 °C, v noci však rapídne klesá a počas zimy môže dosiahnuť -10 až -15 °C. Najviac zrážok spadne medzi januárom a májom, pričom priemerné ročné sa pohybujú od 80 až 400 mm. Na veľkej časti územia však zrážky dosahujú menej ako 150 mm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Geografia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko sa nachádza v <a href="/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Stredná Ázia">strednej Ázii</a>. Severným susedom je <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a>, východným a severovýchodným susedom je <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, na juhu susedí s <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Iránom</a> a <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanom</a> a na západe sa nachádza morská hranica v <a href="/wiki/Kaspick%C3%A9_more" title="Kaspické more">Kaspickom mori</a> s <a href="/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžanom</a> a <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Ruskom</a>. Turkménsko zaberá viac ako 488 100 štvorcových kilometrov, z čoho sú na asi 80 % hornaté púštne planiny a 20 % zaberajú pohoria. Celú centrálnu časť krajiny zaberá púšť <a href="/wiki/Karakum" title="Karakum">Karakum</a>. Asi štyri pätiny krajiny zaberajú <a href="/wiki/Step_(krajina)" title="Step (krajina)">stepi</a>, ktoré sú súčasťou veľkej nížiny <a href="/wiki/Turansk%C3%A1_n%C3%AD%C5%BEina" title="Turanská nížina">Turan</a>. Horské potoky Turkménska sa strácajú v suchých oblastiach a trvalé vodné toky predstavujú iba rieky, prameniace za hranicami. Najvýznamnejšou je rieka <a href="/wiki/Amudarja" title="Amudarja">Amudarja</a> prameniaca v <a href="/wiki/Pam%C3%ADr" title="Pamír">Pamíre</a>, ktorá preteká východnou, prihraničnou oblasťou s <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistanom</a>. Z <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanu</a> priteká rieka Murgab. Kaspické more vytvára celú západnú hranicu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomika">Ekonomika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ekonomika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ekonomika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekonomika Turkmenistanu je založená prevažne na poľnohospodárstve, predovšetkým na pestovaní a spracovaní bavlny, ktoré tvorí jednu pätinu HDP. V posledných rokoch sa Turkménsko snaží o dosiahnutie sebestačnosti pri produkcii potravín. Rozšírené je pestovanie <a href="/wiki/P%C5%A1enica" title="Pšenica">pšenice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zelenina" title="Zelenina">zeleniny</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ovocie" title="Ovocie">ovocia</a>, z hospodárskych zvierat sa chovajú najmä <a href="/wiki/Ovca" class="mw-disambig" title="Ovca">ovce</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4%C5%88" class="mw-disambig" title="Kôň">kone</a> a <a href="/wiki/%C5%A4ava" title="Ťava">ťavy</a>. Hlavné odvetvie priemyslu je ťažba zemného plynu a ropy, ktorých zásoby sú najmä v okolí Kaspického mora a v severných a východných častiach krajiny. Ropa a najmä zemný plyn sú najvýznamnejším vývozným artiklom. Z nerastov sa ťaží <a href="/wiki/Sadra" title="Sadra">sadra</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">jód</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">bróm</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">síra</a> a <a href="/wiki/So%C4%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="Soľ">soľ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekológia"><span id="Ekol.C3.B3gia"></span>Ekológia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Ekológia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ekológia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko trpí celým radom závažných environmentálnych problémov. Nadmerné zavlažovanie výrazne degraduje kvalitu pôdy a vody, zavlažovanie prirodzených soľných pôd prinieslo ich nadmerné zasoľovanie. Nadmerné zavlažovanie tak prispelo k dezertifikácii (proces, ktorým sa z ornej pôdy stane púšť). Okrem toho pôda sa stala silne kontaminovaná poľnohospodárskymi chemikáliami, je plná pesticídov a herbicídov, ktoré sa používajú vo veľkých dávkach pri pestovaní bavlny. Tieto poľnohospodárske chemikálie kontaminujú aj podzemné zdroje vody. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazyk">Jazyk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Jazyk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Jazyk"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkmenistan patrí do juhozápadnej skupiny jazykov. Na začiatku osemnásteho storočia turkménski básnici a kronikári používali klasický Chaghatai jazyk, ktorý používal arabské písmo. Od roku 1928 sa začala používať latinská abeceda, od roku 1940 turkmenčina používa azbuku. Od polovice deväťdesiatych rokov krajina zaviedla turkmenčinu ako úradný jazyk a v roku 1992 bola turkmenčina ústavou vyhlásená za "úradný jazyk komunikácie medzi etnikami“. V roku 1993 prezident Nijazov vydal dekrét o nahradení cyriliky s použitím niekoľkých unikátnych písmen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Náboženstvo"><span id="N.C3.A1bo.C5.BEenstvo"></span>Náboženstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Náboženstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Náboženstvo"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménci sú prevažne sunitskí moslimovia (85 % populácie). Niektorí z etnických menšín - najmä <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrajinci" title="Ukrajinci">Ukrajinci</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9ni" title="Arméni">Arméni</a> - sú pravoslávni kresťania. Azerbajdžanská menšina je jediná v štáte, ktorá tvorí šíitske moslimské spoločenstvo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultúra"><span id="Kult.C3.BAra"></span>Kultúra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kultúra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kultúra"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko je krajina bohatá na archeologické náleziská a objekty, nájdené počas archeologických prác ukazujú hlboké historické korene a kultúru krajiny. Medzi zaujímavé nálezy patri malý kameň, nesúci neznámy nápis, datovaný do druhého storočia pred Kr., nájdený v ruinách veľkého paláca. Turkménci majú tradíciu podávať literatúru ústne, epika je spievaná skladateľmi a básnikmi, nazývanými bakši. Za otca turkménskej literatúry je považovaný básnik a mysliteľ Fragi Machtumkuli (1770-1840), ktorého diela sú vo veľkej úcte. Odmietol klasické formy pre múdrosti či učenosti a využil jednoduchosť jazyka, ktorá značne prispela k jeho popularite. Tým, ktorým sa podarilo vyjsť z tieňa, sa stali najvýznamnejšími spisovateľmi 19. storočia - Kemine, ktorý použil satirický nádych kritiky na vládnuce kruhy a Molapenes, autor populárnej lyrickej básne. Turkménska kultúra hudby je bohatá a rôznorodá a rozmanitý hudobný život sa odráža na pamiatkach hmotnej kultúry. V ranom stredoveku bol na východe krajiny slávny spevák, inštrumentalista a skladateľ Barbad Mervezy, ktorý bol poctený byť na čele hudobníkov na dvore Husrova Perviza (590-628). Klasické hudobné kompozície, tzv. mukams, boli obľúbené po celé stáročia. </p><p>V roku 2001 boli zatvorené na príkaz prezidenta Turkmenistanu opera i balet a nahradiť ich má Národne dramatické divadlo, v ktorom sa budú hrať Turkménske historické eposy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zručnosti"><span id="Zru.C4.8Dnosti"></span>Zručnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zručnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zručnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ľudové remeslá Turkménska sú bohaté a rôznorodé, zhmotnené mnohými druhmi kobercov a doplnkov, výšiviek, pokrývok hlavy, šperkov a ženských dekorácií, dekorácii pre kone, kožených produktov a pod. Charakteristická je remeselná zručnosť ľudí, ktorú vidieť najmä pri tkaní kobercov. Pre turkménskych kočovníkov boli koberce nesmierne dôležité; pokrývali podlahy a tvorili „skladacie steny“, ktoré ich chránili pred chladom. Úžitkové umenie zahŕňa širokú škálu materiálov, používaných na výzdobu, ako je keramika, rezbárske práce, šperky, hodváb a zlaté výšivky, výrobky z kože a iné. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradície"><span id="Trad.C3.ADcie"></span>Tradície</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Upraviť sekciu: Tradície" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Tradície"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veľké množstvo zvykov a tradícií sprevádza turkménsky rodinný život. Napríklad oslava manželstva má veľký význam v turkménskej spoločnosti a vo vidieckych oblastiach je zaužívané najmä špeciálne dohadovanie manželstiev. Stále sa praktizuje výkupné za nevestu (kalom). V závislosti od regiónu a rodinného bohatstva, nevestina rodina môže požadovať obrovské sumy peňazí od ženícha za jej ruku. Pre kočovníkov bol koberec jediný kus nábytku. Bol ľahko prenosný, slúžil nielen ako podlahová krytina, ale aj ako obloženie steny. Umenie tkanie kobercov bol odovzdaný z generácie na generáciu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospodárstvo"><span id="Hospod.C3.A1rstvo"></span>Hospodárstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hospodárstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=14" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Hospodárstvo"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkménsko je v prevažnej miere púštna krajina s intenzívnou poľnohospodárskou výrobou v zavlažovaných oázach. Významný bol v minulosti vývoz bavlny, ktorý však v posledných rokoch, kvôli zlým úrodám upadá. Momentálne je najvýznamnejším zdrojom príjmov ťažobný priemysel. Problémy s predajom ropy a hlavne monopolom Ruska na jej výkup stále nedovoľujú rásť hospodárstvu. V posledných rokoch sa však zvýšil export ropy, ktorý spolu s jej rastúcimi cenami kladne vplýval na ekonomický rast. V krajine je až 60% nezamestnanosť a veľká chudoba, ktorá patrí k najväčším problémom krajiny, spolu s nedodržiavaním ľudských a občianskych práv občanov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vzdelávanie"><span id="Vzdel.C3.A1vanie"></span>Vzdelávanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vzdelávanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=15" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vzdelávanie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vzdelanie je povinné do veku štrnásť rokov, väčšina študentov však dokončí strednú školu. Po dokončení strednej školy môžu študenti pokračovať vo vzdelávaní na štátnej univerzite <i>Turkmenistan State University in Ashgabat</i> alebo v špecializovaných ústavoch školenia pre kariéru v poľnohospodárstve, ekonómii, medicíne a výtvarných umeniach vzdelávanie je tu bezplatné </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preprava">Preprava</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Upraviť sekciu: Preprava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=16" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Preprava"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letecká, železničná a cestná doprava poskytuje spojenie regiónov krajiny. </p><p>Letecká doprava: Národná letecká spoločnosť sa volá Turkmenistan Airlines. V súčasnosti existujú lety z miest <a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%BA_Zab%C3%AD_(mesto)" title="Abú Zabí (mesto)">Abú Zabí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dill%C3%AD" title="Dillí">Dillí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyjev" title="Kyjev">Kyjev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDn" title="Londýn">Londýn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%A1kent" title="Taškent">Taškent</a>. Používajú sa lietadlá <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a> a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a>. Letecké spoločnosti tiež pravidelne lietajú medzi mestami Turkménska, ako napríklad Mary, Turkmenbaši, Dašchovuz, Charjou, Kerki a Balkanabat. </p><p>Železničná doprava: Transkaspické železnice spájajú Turkménsko so zvyškom Strednej Ázie a iných častí Spoločenstva nezávislých štátov. Železničné spojenie so sieťou Iránu, dokončené v roku 1996, umožňuje cestovanie vlakom z Turkmenistanu do Turecka (Istanbul). </p><p>Lodná doprava: Premávajú trajekty do Turkmenbaši (predtým Krasnovodsk) z <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a>) a nepravidelne z <a href="/wiki/Astrachan" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrachan">Astrachanu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a>). </p><p>Cestná doprava: Turkménsko má vybudované cesty do <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstanu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistanu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Iránu</a>. Prechod do Iránu je otvorený len pre štátnych príslušníkov Spoločenstva nezávislých štátov a Iráncov. Existujú autobusové linky do hlavných miest všetkých susediacich republík, do púšte Karakum, Kunya-Urgench s napojením na Urgench a mesto Chiva v Uzbekistane. Medzi mestami <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1gabat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ašgabat">Ašgabat</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad">Mašhad</a> vo východnom Iráne. </p><p>Mestská doprava: autobusy, električky, trolejbusy a taxíky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=17" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovniky.juls.savba.sk/?w=Turkménsko&s=exact&c=b3ac&d=kssj4&d=psp&d=sssj&d=sssj2&d=scs&d=sss&d=peciar&d=ma&d=hssjV&d=bernolak&d=obce&d=priezviska&d=un&d=locutio&d=pskcs&d=psken&d=noundb&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8#">Slovenské slovníky</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=18" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkmenistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkmenistan">Commons</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkmenistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkmenistan">Turkménsko</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroje">Zdroje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkm%C3%A9nsko&action=edit&section=19" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroje"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108058.html?pageno=1">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108058.html?pageno=1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html">http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120906043101/http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html">Archivované</a> 2012-09-06 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/turkmenistan-administrative-map.htm">http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/turkmenistan-administrative-map.htm</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Štáty_v_Strednej_Ázii" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Šablóna:Stredná Ázia"><span title="Zobraz túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">z</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Diskusia_k_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3ne:Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Diskusia k šablóne:Stredná Ázia"><span title="Diskusia o tejto šablóne" style=";;background:none 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čína</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazachstan"><img alt="Kazachstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kirgizsko"><img alt="Kirgizsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirgizsko" title="Kirgizsko">Kirgizsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mongolsko"><img alt="Mongolsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mongolsko" title="Mongolsko">Mongolsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rusko"><img alt="Rusko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tadžikistan"><img alt="Tadžikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikistan" title="Tadžikistan">Tadžikistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turkménsko"><img alt="Turkménsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkménsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Štáty_a_závislé_územia_v_Ázii" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:%C3%81zia" title="Šablóna:Ázia"><span title="Zobraz túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">z</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia_k_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3ne:%C3%81zia&action=edit&redlink=1" 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href="/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%BD_Timor" title="Východný Timor">Východný Timor</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:LocationAsia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/100px-LocationAsia.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/150px-LocationAsia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/200px-LocationAsia.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spoločenstvo_nezávislých_štátov" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:SN%C5%A0" title="Šablóna:SNŠ"><span title="Zobraz túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">z</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia_k_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3ne:SN%C5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskusia k šablóne:SNŠ (stránka neexistuje)"><span title="Diskusia o tejto šablóne" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:SN%C5%A0&action=edit"><span title="Upraviť túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">u</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spoločenstvo_nezávislých_štátov" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spolo%C4%8Denstvo_nez%C3%A1visl%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov" title="Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov">Spoločenstvo nezávislých štátov</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Členovia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Arménsko"><img alt="Arménsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nsko" title="Arménsko">Arménsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Azerbajdžan"><img alt="Azerbajdžan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bielorusko"><img alt="Bielorusko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bielorusko" title="Bielorusko">Bielorusko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazachstan"><img alt="Kazachstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kirgizsko"><img alt="Kirgizsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirgizsko" title="Kirgizsko">Kirgizsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Moldavsko"><img alt="Moldavsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavsko" title="Moldavsko">Moldavsko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rusko"><img alt="Rusko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tadžikistan"><img alt="Tadžikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikistan" title="Tadžikistan">Tadžikistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlajka spoločenstva nezávislých štátov"><img alt="Vlajka spoločenstva nezávislých štátov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pridružený člen</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turkménsko"><img alt="Turkménsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkménsko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organizácia_pre_bezpečnosť_a_spoluprácu_v_Európe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:OBSE" title="Šablóna:OBSE"><span title="Zobraz túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">z</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia_k_%C5%A1abl%C3%B3ne:OBSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskusia k šablóne:OBSE (stránka neexistuje)"><span title="Diskusia o tejto šablóne" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0abl%C3%B3na:OBSE&action=edit"><span title="Upraviť túto šablónu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">u</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organizácia_pre_bezpečnosť_a_spoluprácu_v_Európe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_pre_bezpe%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_a_spolupr%C3%A1cu_v_Eur%C3%B3pe" title="Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe">Organizácia pre bezpečnosť a spoluprácu v Európe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Členovia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A1nsko" title="Albánsko">Albánsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nsko" title="Arménsko">Arménsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C3%BAsko" title="Rakúsko">Rakúsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielorusko" title="Bielorusko">Bielorusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgicko" title="Belgicko">Belgicko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosna_a_Hercegovina" title="Bosna a Hercegovina">Bosna a Hercegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko">Bulharsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorv%C3%A1tsko" title="Chorvátsko">Chorvátsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko">Česko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1nsko" title="Dánsko">Dánsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B3nsko" title="Estónsko">Estónsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADnsko" title="Fínsko">Fínsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko">Francúzsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnsko" title="Gruzínsko">Gruzínsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko">Nemecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cko" title="Grécko">Grécko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_stolica" title="Svätá stolica">Svätá stolica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Farsko" title="Maďarsko">Maďarsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drsko" title="Írsko">Írsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliansko" title="Taliansko">Taliansko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgizsko" title="Kirgizsko">Kirgizsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loty%C5%A1sko" title="Lotyšsko">Lotyšsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichten%C5%A1tajnsko" title="Lichtenštajnsko">Lichtenštajnsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembursko" title="Luxembursko">Luxembursko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%A9_Maced%C3%B3nsko" title="Severné Macedónsko">Macedónsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavsko" title="Moldavsko">Moldavsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cierna_Hora" title="Čierna Hora">Čierna Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holandsko" title="Holandsko">Holandsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3rsko" title="Nórsko">Nórsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko" title="Poľsko">Poľsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugalsko" title="Portugalsko">Portugalsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumunsko" title="Rumunsko">Rumunsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%ADno" title="San Maríno">San Maríno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srbsko" title="Srbsko">Srbsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensko" title="Slovensko">Slovensko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovinsko" title="Slovinsko">Slovinsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko" title="Španielsko">Španielsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsko" title="Švédsko">Švédsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarsko" title="Švajčiarsko">Švajčiarsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikistan" title="Tadžikistan">Tadžikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecko</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkménsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrajina" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo" title="Spojené kráľovstvo">Spojené kráľovstvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty" title="Spojené štáty">Spojené štáty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partneri pre<br />spoluprácu</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrsko" title="Alžírsko">Alžírsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Austrália (štát)">Austrália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko">Japonsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko">Jordánsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolsko" title="Mongolsko">Mongolsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_K%C3%B3rea" class="mw-redirect" title="Južná Kórea">Južná Kórea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thajsko" title="Thajsko">Thajsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisko" title="Tunisko">Tunisko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkménsko&oldid=7677035">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkménsko&oldid=7677035</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Turkm%C3%A9nsko" title="Kategória:Turkménsko">Turkménsko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:%C4%8Clenovia_SN%C5%A0" title="Kategória:Členovia SNŠ">Členovia SNŠ</a></li><li><a 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