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ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Bruno Coelho, My City /EEA</span></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer two wide mobile three wide tablet column actions"><div class="popup-trigger"><div class="action"><button class="ui basic icon inverted button share"><i title="Share" aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-share-fill"></i><span class="mobile-sr-only">Share</span></button></div></div><div class="popup-container" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="documentDescription eea callout"><p>Buildings are homes, work places, schools, hospitals, shops, sports halls, transport terminals, where we all spend a significant part of our day. Their construction, maintenance and demolition present many challenges and some opportunities for climate change and the environment. </p></div><div style="margin:0px 0px 100px 0px" class="styled-columnsBlock has--margin--bottom--100 has--margin--unlock--true styled"><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="eight wide computer twelve wide mobile eight wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-tabs_block styled"><div class="tabs-block accordion light flex-start" id="38b81c58-6367-4eaa-b5e6-ced0cd302e37"><div class="styled-tab styled"><div class="tab-accordion-container" role="presentation" tabindex="-1"><div class="RRT__container"><div class="RRT__tabs tabs-accordion-icon-left ui menu tabs-accessibility tabs-secondary-variant light pointing secondary"><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab active ui item title RRT__tab--first RRT__tab--selected" id="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-selected="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-up-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Overview</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">Key facts</span></div><div role="tab" class="RRT__tab ui item title" id="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" tabindex="0"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-down-s-line"></i><span class="menu-item-text">EU action</span></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content active" role="tabpanel" id="panel-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-labelledby="tab-07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be" aria-hidden="false"><div id="Overview" class="tab-name"><p>Buildings and construction are closely linked to the economy, local employment and <strong>quality of life</strong>. Europe has many old cities with <strong>old buildings</strong>. Its building stock is also getting older and many old buildings are not built for efficient use of energy or a warmer climate<b>.</b> </p><p>Buildings must be made to <strong>protect people</strong> from the effects of climate change, including extreme heat and cold spells, both of which entail higher energy consumption for heating or cooling. Energy inefficiency, energy poverty or the poor condition of buildings often affect some groups and communities more than others.</p><p>Almost 75% of the building stock is currently <strong>energy inefficient</strong> and more than 85% of today's buildings are likely to still be in use in 2050. Energy renovation of buildings is ongoing but at a very slow rate. </p><p>The EU's <a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/renovation-wave_en" rel="noopener">renovation wave</a> will play a key role in massively upgrading existing buildings in Europe. It will help make them more <strong>energy efficient</strong> and <strong>adapted to climate change</strong>. This will be an important element in achieving a climate-neutral EU by 2050. </p><p>Energy efficiency and climate adaptation are only part of the story. Construction and renovation require <strong>resources</strong>, demolition generates construction <strong>waste</strong>. Already around half of the world’s <strong>resource extraction</strong> is used for buildings and construction. <strong>H</strong><strong>ousing</strong> accounts for <a href="/en/analysis/publications/material-footprints-in-european-policy-making"><strong>5</strong><strong>2% of the EU’s material footprint</strong>.</a></p><p>Many EU countries are using <strong>recovered construction and demolition materials</strong> to a great extent but are usually downcycling waste materials. Past building practices and lack of homogenous waste materials result in waste that is not suitable for reuse or recycling. The challenge remains: our building needs to be energy-efficient — not only for heating but also for cooling; and our construction sector needs to much more circular. </p></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-labelledby="tab-fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a" aria-hidden="true"><div id="Key facts" class="tab-name"><p><strong>H</strong><strong>ousing</strong> accounts for <a href="/en/analysis/publications/material-footprints-in-european-policy-making"><strong>5</strong><strong>2% of the EU’s material footprint</strong></a>, making it the sector with the highest environmental impact. About one third of the Union’s <strong>material consumption</strong> goes to construction. The use of buildings accounts for 42% of the total <strong>energy consumption</strong> and 35% of <strong>greenhouse gas emissions</strong>.</p><p>Europe has an <strong>ageing building stock affecting the health</strong> and well-being of many people. Around <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ILC_MDHO01/default/table?lang=en" rel="noopener">15.5% of Europeans</a> live in dwellings with a leaky roof or damp walls, floors or foundations, rot in the window frames or floors. </p><p>Between 2005 and 2022, existing policies and warmer winters contributed to a <a href="/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-energy">34% reduction </a>in greenhouse gas<sub></sub> emissions from buildings during their use phase. But with building use accounting for <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/building-renovation-where-circular-economy" rel="noopener">40% of annual EU energy consumption</a>, improving buildings’ sustainability plays a critical role in meeting EU climate change mitigation targets.</p><p>By avoiding or delaying the use of new materials in buildings, circular economy-based approaches to renovation can help to reduce embedded greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/building-renovation-where-circular-economy" rel="noopener">20-25% of the life cycle emissions</a> of the current EU building stock are embedded in building materials.<b></b></p></div></div><div class="RRT__panel ui attached segment tab content RRT__panel--hidden" role="tabpanel" id="panel-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-labelledby="tab-e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" aria-hidden="true"><div id="EU action" class="tab-name"><p>To achieve the EU’s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, new buildings need to be carbon-neutral and, more importantly, existing buildings need to be upgraded. The construction industry will have to have an unprecedented acceleration in energy renovation of EU buildings to make this happen. </p><p>Increasing building circularity can help minimise environmental impacts and mitigate climate change through initiatives like:</p><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><b>E</b><b>xtending </b>product lifetimes, reducing demolition and avoiding new construction;</li><li><b>R</b><b>educing</b> material losses;</li><li><b>R</b><b>ecirculating</b> materials and products, avoiding extraction of new materials;</li><li><b>P</b><b>reventing</b> downcycling;</li><li><b>S</b><b>ubstituting</b> greenhouse gas-intensive materials with lower emission products.</li></ul><p>The global picture is important, too. Buildings must be made to protect people from the effects of climate change, including extreme heat and low energy use. </p><p>The EU's <a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/renovation-wave_en" rel="noopener">renovation wave</a> aims to at least double the annual energy renovation rate (currently estimated at 1%) of residential and non-residential buildings by 2030 and initiate energy renovations that could reduce building energy consumption by at least 60%. </p><p><a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-targets-directive-and-rules/energy-efficiency-directive_en" rel="noopener">The Energy Efficiency Directive</a>, <a href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en" rel="noopener">the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive</a> and their respective 2021 recasts set out clear frameworks to achieve this, while the European Commission works to promote climate change adaptation in building standards.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button secondary" href="/en/about/policy-corner-eu-policies-we-support">See the policies we support</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="background-color:#ffffff;--background-color:#ffffff" class="styled-accordion secondary has--backgroundColor--ffffff has--theme--secondary styled styled-with-bg"><div class="accordion-block has--backgroundColor--ffffff has--theme--secondary"><div id="dd2e16ef-4d34-48ae-bd38-31258544004d" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" 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href="/en/advanced-search?q=buildings&size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Buildings%20and%20construction&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=News&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Article&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any">See all <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="98a3fcf3-da52-4b7d-9e6e-3976612a0613" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Publications</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/analysis/publications/addressing-the-environmental-and-climate-footprint-of-buildings">Addressing the environmental and climate footprint of buildings</a></li><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/cutting-greenhouse-gas-emissions-through/cutting-greenhouse-gas-emissions-through" rel="noopener">Cutting greenhouse gas emissions through circular economy actions in the buildings sector</a></li><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/building-renovation-where-circular-economy" rel="noopener">Building renovation: where circular economy and climate meet</a></li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><p><strong><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/cutting-greenhouse-gas-emissions-through/cutting-greenhouse-gas-emissions-through" rel="noopener"></a></strong></p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Buildings%20and%20construction&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Report&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Briefing&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="b3e53efb-ad2f-41ee-a385-affaa78b24b6" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Maps and charts</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Buildings%20and%20construction&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Figure%20%28chart%2Fmap%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B1%5D=Chart%20%28interactive%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B2%5D=Dashboard&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B3%5D=Infographic&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B4%5D=Map%20%28interactive%29&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="e53c3d45-3510-42da-bd18-cc72d0fb1a7b" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Indicators</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-energy/assessment" rel="noopener">Greenhouse gas emissions from energy use in buildings in Europe</a> </li></ul><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-callToActionBlock secondary right has--align--right has--icon--ri-arrow-right-s-line has--inverted--true has--rightIcon--true has--theme--secondary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled secondary" href="/en/advanced-search?size=n_10_n&filters%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=readingTime&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=All&filters%5B0%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D%5BrangeType%5D=fixed&filters%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B1%5D%5Bfield%5D=language&filters%5B1%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=en&filters%5B1%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B2%5D%5Bfield%5D=issued.date&filters%5B2%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=All%20time&filters%5B2%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B3%5D%5Bfield%5D=topic&filters%5B3%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Buildings%20and%20construction&filters%5B3%5D%5Btype%5D=any&filters%5B4%5D%5Bfield%5D=objectProvides&filters%5B4%5D%5Bvalues%5D%5B0%5D=Indicator&filters%5B4%5D%5Btype%5D=any&sort-field=issued.date&sort-direction=desc">See all<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-s-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="0211a5ca-b47a-4ba0-8ca0-af6323c60d2b" class="accordion ui secondary"><div aria-expanded="false" role="button" tabindex="0" class="title accordion-title align-arrow-right"><i aria-hidden="true" class="ri-arrow-down-s-line icon"></i><span>Frequently asked questions</span></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden" aria-hidden="true" class="rah-static rah-static--height-zero"><div style="transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;-webkit-transition:opacity 500ms ease 0ms;opacity:0"><div class="content"><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/about/contact-us/faqs/how-can-i-renovate-my-building-sustainably">How can I renovate my building sustainably?</a></li></ul><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin:65px 0px 90px 0px" class="styled-dividerBlock has--margin--bottom--90 has--margin--top--65 has--margin--unlock--true styled"><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container large center"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction/preview-15.jfif/@@images/image/large" class="large responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 400px, (max-width: 1440px) 800px, 100vw"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="addressing-the-environmental-and-climate-footprint-of-buildings" data-block="ef18ab94-31ad-452e-aea3-48d7a82c69b3"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#addressing-the-environmental-and-climate-footprint-of-buildings"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Addressing the environmental and climate footprint of buildings</h2><p><strong>Construction, use and demolition</strong> of buildings causes major <strong>environment and climate pressures</strong> but smart renovations that focus on efficient use of energy and resources can help Europe increase the sustainability of its housing sector, according to a European Environment Agency report. </p><p>Ageing populations, increasing affluence and changing climate are expected to change demands for buildings’ particular uses in Europe, the EEA report notes. More buildings are likely to be needed in cities, and buildings need to contribute to environment and climate solutions, including energy saving and production, protection from climate hazards, and restoring nature.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a title="" class="ui button primary" href="/en/newsroom/news/renovations-sustainable-building-materials">Find out more about the report</a></div></div><p></p><p> </p></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><h3 class="text-center" id="-buildings-account-for-" data-block="b515a5de-7db9-4664-a567-619ccec03434"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#-buildings-account-for-"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a><strong>Buildings account for </strong></h3><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="three wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="text-align:center" class="styled-statistic_block has--textAlign--center styled"><div class=""><div backgroundvariant="primary" valuevariation="secondary" labelvariation="tertiary" extravariation="tertiary" class="ui small one statistics center"><div class="ui statistic"><div class="value slate text-center secondary"><p>>30%</p></div><div class="label slate text-center tertiary"><p>of the EU's environmental footprint</p></div><div class="slate text-center tertiary"><p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="text-align:center" class="styled-statistic_block has--textAlign--center styled"><div class=""><div backgroundvariant="primary" valuevariation="secondary" labelvariation="tertiary" extravariation="tertiary" class="ui small one statistics center"><div class="ui statistic"><div class="value slate text-center secondary"><p>1/3 </p></div><div class="label slate text-center tertiary"><p>of our material</p><p> consumption</p></div><div class="slate text-center tertiary"><p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="text-align:center" class="styled-statistic_block has--textAlign--center styled"><div class=""><div backgroundvariant="primary" valuevariation="secondary" labelvariation="tertiary" extravariation="tertiary" class="ui small one statistics center"><div class="ui statistic"><div class="value slate text-center secondary"><p>42% </p></div><div class="label slate text-center tertiary"><p>of total energy consumption</p></div><div class="slate text-center tertiary"><p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="three wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div style="text-align:center" class="styled-statistic_block has--textAlign--center styled"><div class=""><div backgroundvariant="primary" valuevariation="secondary" labelvariation="tertiary" extravariation="tertiary" class="ui small one statistics center"><div class="ui statistic"><div class="value slate text-center secondary"><p>35% </p></div><div class="label slate text-center tertiary"><p>of greenhouse gas emissions </p></div><div class="slate text-center tertiary"><p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p></p><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="cooling-your-home-during-a-heatwave" data-block="8a5b797c-2c21-4c14-a380-584aee6a06ee"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#cooling-your-home-during-a-heatwave"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Cooling your home during a heatwave?</h2><p>Across Europe, rising temperatures, combined with an ageing population and urbanisation, mean that the population is becoming more vulnerable to heat and that demand for cooling in buildings is rising rapidly. Buildings, as long-lasting structures, can offer<strong> protection from heatwaves and high temperatures</strong> if appropriately designed, constructed, renovated and maintained. </p><p>Our briefing examines key elements of sustainable cooling policy, and its potential <strong>impacts on vulnerable groups</strong>, by reducing <strong>health risks, inequalities and summer energy poverty</strong>.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary left has--align--left has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align left"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/cooling-buildings-sustainably-in-europe/cooling-buildings-sustainably-in-europe" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">More on heating and cooling buildings</a></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction/max-payload-xwhkiy2mgoa-unsplash.jpg/@@images/image/large" class="responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Picture of a double heat pump on legs, between two tree plants in rusted pots in a yard with an orange wall as background."/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Max Payload on Unsplash</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction/egms_buildings_and_construction.png/@@images/image/large" class="responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="EGMS buildings and construction"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"><div class="eea copyright undefined"><div class="wrapper"><span class="icon-wrapper"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-copyright-line"></i></span><span class="icon-content">Copernicus data </span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h2 id="how-is-copernicus-helping" data-block="fe20281d-2646-4186-8c3b-40de281e6397"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#how-is-copernicus-helping"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>How is Copernicus helping? </h2><p> </p><p>The <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu" rel="noopener">Copernicus Land Monitoring Service</a> offers users several products with detailed information on urban areas. <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness" rel="noopener">High resolution imperviousness</a> datasets reveal areas where the soil is sealed at the continental scale, including both natural and artificial surfaces. The <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/urban-atlas" rel="noopener">Urban Atlas</a> gives users access to detailed land cover and land use maps for 788 Functional Urban Areas across Europe, with additional street tree maps, building block height measurements, and population estimates.</p><p>The <a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/european-ground-motion-service" rel="noopener">European Ground Motion Service</a> product uses radar data derived from Sentinel-1 to detect and measure ground movements across Europe with milimetre precision. With this information, urban planners can make data-driven decisions about where to build new infrastructure by assessing the likelihood of natural hazards such as landslides or subsidence.</p><p> </p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary right has--align--right has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align right"><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/" title="" rel="noopener" class="ui button primary">Read more on the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><h2 id="how-can-we-improve-building-construction" data-block="72fc82c6-ee69-4dd7-8fb8-048389d941ae"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#how-can-we-improve-building-construction"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>How can we improve building construction? </h2><p>Three circularity objectives can be addressed through circular renovation actions:</p><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction/fig-renovation-infographic-3-icons-1.png/@@images/image/large" class="responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Alt text: Infographic on three circularity objectives to improve building construction. Long description: The infographic depicts three circularity objectives to improve building construction that can be addressed through circular renovation actions. There are three simplified icons with text underneath arranged from left to right, each representing one of the three objectives. The leftmost icon shows a high-rise building next to an analogue clock. The text underneath reads: “Increasing life spans, thus delaying the need for new construction and reducing the corresponding demand for new materials or increasing the use intensity of buildings.” The middle icon shows six empty squares arranged in three rows of two; the borders of the two squares in the top row are dotted while the borders of the other four squares are solid. Next to this are two arrows arranged in a circle, each pointing at the end of the other. The text below reads: ”Reducing the need for material consumption by using resources more efficiently.” The third icon shows several connected hexagons, reminiscent of the comb in a beehive next to a large sheet of drafting paper with a drafting compass hovering above. The text below reads: “Making use of new generation materials with high circular potential.”"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"></div></div></div><p style="font-weight:300" class="styled-slate has--fontWeight--300 styled">Source: <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/building-renovation-where-circular-economy" rel="noopener">EEA briefing, 2022</a></p><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><h2 id="improving-circularity-of-construction-and-demolition-waste" data-block="964efa1a-a348-4401-969e-b471cd9d1cd2"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#improving-circularity-of-construction-and-demolition-waste"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Improving circularity of construction and demolition waste</h2><div class="block image align center"><div class="image-block-container"><img src="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction/improving-circularity-of-construction-and-demolition-waste.png/@@images/image/large" class="responsive" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Alt text: Infographic on ways to improve the circularity of construction and demolition waste, focusing on raw materials, end-of-life, design, use and construction. Long description: The infographic features ways to improve the circularity of construction and demolition waste in the EU. The infographic is divided into five sectors, each featuring the pros and cons of the proposed methods. Each sector has an associated 3 dimensional icon; generic blocks and pipes for Raw Materials, a person working on a computer for Design, a truck with an open top trailer containing construction materials for Construction, a construction worker speaking to a man in a suit with a briefcase for Use, and a recycling plant for End-of-Life. The text associated with the Raw Materials section reads: Bold headline, “High-grade products with high-recycled content.” Subtext below, “materials with high durability used in structural elements.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “prolong construction’s lifespan, thus contribute to waste prevention,” and, “creates demand for recycled materials in closed loops, increases quality of recycling.” Cons read, “low cost of virgin materials versus high cost of waste processing,” and, “doubts on quality of recyclables, lack of standards.” The text associated with the Design sector reads: Bold headline, “Design for disassembly.” Subtext below, “Design construction products so that they are easy to separate into components that can be reused, reassembled, reconfigured, and recycled.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “Re-use is part of waste prevention, separation of components makes recycling easier.” Cons read, “Higher complexity of disassembly,” and, “Potential conflict with other legislation such as energy efficiency,” and, “Lack of knowledge and information,” and, “Very long time delay between implementation and results.” The text associated with the Construction sector reads: Bold headline, “Materials passports.” Subtext below, “Sets of data describing defined characteristics of materials and components in building products.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “Facilitates source separation of end-of-life materials, increases recycling quality and closed loops.” Cons read, “Information and data management for long time periods,” and, “Costs of data gathering and storage.” The text associated with the Use sector reads: Bold headline, “Extension of construction service life.” Subtext below, “renovate, improve maintenance, upgrade, repair and adapt constructions.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “Implementation of waste prevention,” and, “Avoidance of new construction and related environmental impacts.” Cons read, “Energy inefficient buildings also extend their lifespan,” and, “Risks for the presence of inferior materials in buildings and degradation of structural building elements,” and, “high labor costs,” and, “changes in architectural preference.” The text associated with the End-of-Life sector reads: Bold headline, “Selective demolition.” Subtext below, “remove hazardous materials and increase source separation into high value, pure material fractions.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “Increase quantity and quality of recycling.” Cons read, “More time consuming and potentially more costly demolition,” and, “Lack of traceability (limited information on waste material origin and quality),” and, “Complexity of buildings and construction materials.”"/><div class="copyright-wrapper left"></div></div></div><p>Source: <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/construction-and-demolition-waste-challenges/construction-and-demolition-waste-challenges" rel="noopener">EEA briefing, 2020</a></p><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden section divider"></div></div><h2 id="more-information" data-block="3679613e-3e34-4249-afa8-a60f3835e633"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#more-information"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>More information</h2><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h4 id="other-topics-you-might-be-interested-in" data-block="6b8296ff-7ddf-4d5a-8861-152f79665e0a"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#other-topics-you-might-be-interested-in"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Other topics you might be interested in:</h4><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy">Circular economy </a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/climate">Climate</a> </li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions">Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions</a> </li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/energy">Energy </a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/plastics">Plastics</a> </li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/resource-use-and-materials">Resource use and materials </a> </li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-challenges">Sustainability challenges </a> </li><li><a href="/en/topics/in-depth/waste-and-recycling">Waste and recycling </a> </li></ul></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h4 id="external-links" data-block="0015cd8a-134e-49ec-897f-46758ba9395d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction#external-links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>External links:</h4><ul class="ui bulleted list"><li><a href="https://land.copernicus.eu/" rel="noopener">Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS)</a></li></ul></div></div></div><p></p></div></div></main></div><footer id="footer" aria-label="Footer"><div class="footer-wrapper-nobg"><div class="ui container"><div class="subfooter"><div class="ui grid mobile"><div class="four wide computer six wide mobile six wide tablet column mobile"><div class="item"><div class="site logo"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/"><img src="/static/media/eea-logo-white.da328514.svg" alt="EEA Logo" loading="lazy" class="ui image"/></a></div></div></div><div class="four wide computer six wide mobile six wide tablet column mobile"><div class="item"><div class="eionet logo"><a 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charSet="UTF-8">window.__data={"router":{"location":{"pathname":"\u002Fen\u002Ftopics\u002Fin-depth\u002Fbuildings-and-construction","search":"","hash":"","state":undefined,"key":"aeo5zn","query":{}},"action":"POP"},"intl":{"defaultLocale":"en","locale":"en","messages":{"\u003Cp\u003EAdd some HTML here\u003C\u002Fp\u003E":"","Account Registration Completed":"","Account activation completed":"","Action":"","Action changed":"","Action: ":"","Actions":"","Activate and deactivate":"","Active":"","Active content rules in this Page":"","Add":"","Add (object list)":"","Add Addons":"","Add Content":"","Add Content Rule":"","Add Rule":"","Add Translation…":"","Add User":"","Add a description…":"","Add a new alternative url":"","Add action":"","Add block":"","Add block in position {index}":"","Add block…":"","Add condition":"","Add content rule":"","Add criteria":"","Add date":"","Add element to container":"","Add field":"","Add fieldset":"","Add group":"","Add new content type":"","Add new 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The principal creator should come first.":"","Please choose an existing content as source for this element":"","Please continue with the upgrade.":"","Please ensure you have a backup of your site before performing the upgrade.":"","Please enter a valid URL by deleting the block and adding a new video block.":"","Please enter the Embed Code provided by Google Maps -\u003E Share -\u003E Embed map. It should contain the \u003Ciframe\u003E code on it.":"","Please fill out the form below to set your password.":"","Please search for users or use the filters on the side.":"","Please upgrade to plone.restapi \u003E= 8.24.0.":"","Please upgrade to plone.restapi \u003E= 8.39.0.":"","Plone Foundation":"","Plone{reg} Open Source CMS\u002FWCM":"","Position changed":"","Possible values":"","Powered by Plone & Python":"","Preferences":"","Prettify your code":"","Preview":"","Preview Image URL":"","Profile":"","Properties":"","Publication date":"","Publishing Date":"","Query":"","Re-enter the password. Make sure the passwords are identical.":"","Read More…":"","Read only for this type of relation.":"","Rearrange items by…":"","Recurrence ends":"","Recurrence ends after":"","Recurrence ends on":"","Redo":"","Reduce complexity":"","Referencing this item as related item":"","Referencing this item with {relationship}":"","Register":"","Registration form":"","Relation name":"","Relations":"","Relations are editable with plone.api \u003E= 2.0.3.":"","Relations updated":"","Relevance":"","Remove":"","Remove element {index}":"","Remove item":"","Remove recurrence":"","Remove selected":"","Remove term":"","Remove users from group":"","Remove working copy":"","Rename":"","Rename Items Loading Message":"","Rename items":"","Repeat":"","Repeat every":"","Repeat on":"","Replace existing file":"","Reply":"","Required":"","Required input is missing.":"","Reset element {index}":"","Reset term title":"","Reset the block":"","Results limit":"","Results preview":"","Results template":"","Reversed order":"","Revert to this revision":"","Review state":"","Richtext":"","Right":"","Rights":"","Roles":"","Root":"","Rule added":"","Rule enable changed":"","Rules":"","Rules execute when a triggering event occurs. Rule actions will only be invoked if all the rule's conditions are met. 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Not only objects that are source of some relation.":"","Show potential targets. Not only objects that are target of some relation.":"","Show search button?":"","Show search input?":"","Show sorting?":"","Show total results":"","Shrink sidebar":"","Shrink toolbar":"","Sign in to start session":"","Site Administration":"","Site Setup":"","Sitemap":"","Size: {size}":"","Small":"","Some items are also a folder. By deleting them you will delete {containedItemsToDelete} {variation} inside the folders.":"","Some items are referenced by other contents. By deleting them {brokenReferences} {variation} will be broken.":"","Some relations are broken. Please fix.":"","Sorry, something went wrong with your request":"","Sort By":"","Sort By:":"","Sort on":"","Sort on options":"","Sort transactions by User-Name, Path or Date":"","Sorted":"","Sorted on":"","Source":"","Specify a youtube video or playlist url":"","Split":"","Start Date":"","Start of the recurrence":"","Start password reset":"","State":"","Status":"","Sticky":"","Stop compare":"","String":"","Stripe alternate rows with color":"","Styling":"","Subject":"","Success":"","Successfully Undone Transactions":"","Summary":"","Summary view":"","Switch to":"","Table":"","Table of Contents":"","Tabular view":"","Tags":"","Tags to add":"","Tags to remove":"","Target":"","Target Path (Required)":"","Target memory size per cache in bytes":"","Target number of objects in memory per cache":"","Target url path must start with a slash.":"","Teaser":"","Text":"","Thank you.":"","The Database Manager allow you to view database status information":"","The backend is not responding, due to a server timeout or a connection problem of your device. Please check your connection and try again.":"","The backend is not responding, please check if you have started Plone, check your project's configuration object apiPath (or if you are using the internal proxy, devProxyToApiPath) or the RAZZLE_API_PATH Volto's environment variable.":"","The backend is responding, but the CORS headers are not configured properly and the browser has denied the access to the backend resources.":"","The backend server of your website is not answering, we apologize for the inconvenience. Please try to re-load the page and try again. If the problem persists please contact the site administrators.":"","The button presence disables the live search, the query is issued when you press ENTER":"","The following content rules are active in this Page. Use the content rules control panel to create new rules or delete or modify existing ones.":"","The following list shows which upgrade steps are going to be run. Upgrading sometimes performs a catalog\u002Fsecurity update, which may take a long time on large sites. Be patient.":"","The item could not be deleted.":"","The link address is:":"","The provided alternative url already exists!":"","The registration process has been successful. Please check your e-mail inbox for information on how activate your account.":"","The site configuration is outdated and needs to be upgraded.":"","The working copy was discarded":"","The {plonecms} is {copyright} 2000-{current_year} by the {plonefoundation} and friends.":"","There are no groups with the searched criteria":"","There are no users with the searched criteria":"","There are some errors.":"","There is a configuration problem on the backend":"","There was an error with the upgrade.":"","There were some errors":"","There were some errors.":"","These items will have broken links":"","Third":"","This has an ongoing working copy in {title}":"","This is a reserved name and can't be used":"","This is a working copy of {title}":"","This item is also a folder. 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Please, try again later.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but the page you were trying to access is not at this address. You can use the links below to help you find what you are looking for.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but there was an unexpected error on the server.":"","We apologize for the inconvenience, but you don't have permissions on this resource.":"","Weeek day of month":"","Weekday":"","Weekly":"","What":"","When":"","When this date is reached, the content will nolonger be visible in listings and searches.":"","Whether or not execution of further rules should stop after this rule is executed":"","Whether or not other rules should be triggered by the actions launched by this rule. 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It will help make them more energy efficient and adapted to climate change . This will be an important element in achieving a climate-neutral EU by 2050.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"The EU's "},{"children":[{"text":"renovation wave"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fenergy.ec.europa.eu\u002Ftopics\u002Fenergy-efficiency\u002Fenergy-efficient-buildings\u002Frenovation-wave_en"},"type":"link"},{"text":" will play a key role in massively upgrading existing buildings in Europe. It will help make them more "},{"children":[{"text":"energy efficient"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" and "},{"children":[{"text":"adapted to climate change"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":". This will be an important element in achieving a climate-neutral EU by 2050. "}],"type":"p"}]},"17fdb9fa-f609-4db6-9488-d66c3dd59b5b":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Almost 75% of the building stock is currently energy inefficient and more than 85% of today's buildings are likely to still be in use in 2050. 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Around "},{"children":[{"text":"15.5% of Europeans"}],"data":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fdatabrowser\u002Fview\u002FILC_MDHO01\u002Fdefault\u002Ftable?lang=en"},"type":"link"},{"text":" live in dwellings with a leaky roof or damp walls, floors or foundations, rot in the window frames or floors. "}],"type":"p"}]},"a4cc3451-45a7-4099-a0e5-46511476bb7c":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"By avoiding or delaying the use of new materials in buildings, circular economy-based approaches to renovation can help to reduce embedded greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that 20-25% of the life cycle emissions of the current EU building stock are embedded in building materials. ","value":[{"children":[{"text":"By avoiding or delaying the use of new materials in buildings, circular economy-based approaches to renovation can help to reduce embedded greenhouse gas emissions. 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"}],"type":"p"}]},"7b3d58a0-6f74-4a98-bff0-84718d739c81":{"@type":"callToActionBlock","styles":{"theme":"link"},"text":"More adaptation case studies "},"cd75836e-fb87-4bbe-a13d-a1c2bb1a6b3f":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" EU-based adaptation projects include: ","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"EU-based adaptation projects include:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"type":"p"}]},"dff2191f-2db9-43d3-b15e-1cb86ea6bd41":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" The EU is decreasing climate change risks and impacts ","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"The EU is decreasing climate change risks and impacts"}],"type":"b"},{"text":""}],"type":"p"}]},"e6837020-619d-4a35-80e7-0584c11da471":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Climate adaptation methods like these will make Europe more resilient to the effects and impacts of climate change. 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"}],"type":"p"}]},"7b3d58a0-6f74-4a98-bff0-84718d739c81":{"@type":"callToActionBlock","styles":{"theme":"link"},"text":"More adaptation case studies "},"cd75836e-fb87-4bbe-a13d-a1c2bb1a6b3f":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" EU-based adaptation projects include: ","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"EU-based adaptation projects include:"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":""}],"type":"p"}]},"dff2191f-2db9-43d3-b15e-1cb86ea6bd41":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":" The EU is decreasing climate change risks and impacts ","value":[{"children":[{"text":""},{"children":[{"text":"The EU is decreasing climate change risks and impacts"}],"type":"b"},{"text":""}],"type":"p"}]},"e6837020-619d-4a35-80e7-0584c11da471":{"@type":"slate","plaintext":"Climate adaptation methods like these will make Europe more resilient to the effects and impacts of climate change. 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Buildings, as long-lasting structures, can offer protection from heatwaves and high temperatures if appropriately designed, constructed, renovated and maintained.","value":[{"children":[{"text":"Across Europe, rising temperatures, combined with an ageing population and urbanisation, mean that the population is becoming more vulnerable to heat and that demand for cooling in buildings is rising rapidly. Buildings, as long-lasting structures, can offer"},{"children":[{"text":" protection from heatwaves and high temperatures"}],"type":"strong"},{"text":" if appropriately designed, constructed, renovated and maintained. 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Pros read, “prolong construction’s lifespan, thus contribute to waste prevention,” and, “creates demand for recycled materials in closed loops, increases quality of recycling.” Cons read, “low cost of virgin materials versus high cost of waste processing,” and, “doubts on quality of recyclables, lack of standards.” The text associated with the Design sector reads: Bold headline, “Design for disassembly.” Subtext below, “Design construction products so that they are easy to separate into components that can be reused, reassembled, reconfigured, and recycled.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. Pros read, “Re-use is part of waste prevention, separation of components makes recycling easier.” Cons read, “Higher complexity of disassembly,” and, “Potential conflict with other legislation such as energy efficiency,” and, “Lack of knowledge and information,” and, “Very long time delay between implementation and results.” The text associated with the Construction sector reads: Bold headline, “Materials passports.” Subtext below, “Sets of data describing defined characteristics of materials and components in building products.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. 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Pros read, “Implementation of waste prevention,” and, “Avoidance of new construction and related environmental impacts.” Cons read, “Energy inefficient buildings also extend their lifespan,” and, “Risks for the presence of inferior materials in buildings and degradation of structural building elements,” and, “high labor costs,” and, “changes in architectural preference.” The text associated with the End-of-Life sector reads: Bold headline, “Selective demolition.” Subtext below, “remove hazardous materials and increase source separation into high value, pure material fractions.” Below that, a list of pros and cons. 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