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<li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century_and_Napoleonic_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century_and_Napoleonic_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>18th century and Napoleonic Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century_and_Napoleonic_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosperity_and_urban_development_(1815–1860s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosperity_and_urban_development_(1815–1860s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Prosperity and urban development (1815–1860s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prosperity_and_urban_development_(1815–1860s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stagnation_(1860s–1940s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stagnation_(1860s–1940s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Stagnation (1860s–1940s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stagnation_(1860s–1940s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_expansion_(1940s–1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_expansion_(1940s–1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Urban expansion (1940s–1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_expansion_(1940s–1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991_Chaudron_riots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991_Chaudron_riots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1991 Chaudron riots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991_Chaudron_riots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint-Denis, Réunion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86)" title="سان دوني (ريونيون) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سان دوني (ريونيون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reuni%C3%B3n)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunión) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunión)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Denis_(R%C3%A8union)" title="Sant-Denis (Rèunion) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sant-Denis (Rèunion)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Den%C3%ADs_(Reuni%C3%B3n)" title="San Denís (Reunión) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="San Denís (Reunión)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen-Deni" title="Sen-Deni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sen-Deni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سن-دنی، رئونیون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سن-دنی، رئونیون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF,_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%81" title="সাঁ দ্যনি, রেউনিওঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাঁ দ্যনি, রেউনিওঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дэні (Рэюньён) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сен-Дэні (Рэюньён)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Сэн-Дэні – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэн-Дэні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен Дьони (Реюнион) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сен Дьони (Реюнион)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(ar_Re%C3%BCnion)" title="Saint-Denis (ar Reünion) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saint-Denis (ar Reünion)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(illa_de_la_Reuni%C3%B3)" title="Saint-Denis (illa de la Reunió) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saint-Denis (illa de la Reunió)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Saint-Denis" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD-%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF_(%CE%A1%CE%B5%CF%8B%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD)" title="Σαιν-Ντενί (Ρεϋνιόν) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαιν-Ντενί (Ρεϋνιόν)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reuni%C3%B3n)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunión) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunión)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reunio)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سن-دنی، رئونیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن-دنی، رئونیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(La_R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (La Réunion) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint-Denis (La Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Reuni%C3%B3n" title="Saint-Denis, Reunión – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saint-Denis, Reunión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_(%EB%A0%88%EC%9C%84%EB%8B%88%EC%98%B9)" title="생드니 (레위니옹) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생드니 (레위니옹)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_(%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6)" title="Սեն Դենի (Ռեյունյոն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեն Դենի (Ռեյունյոն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="सेंट-डेनिस, रीयूनियन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेंट-डेनिस, रीयूनियन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saint-Denis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Riunione)" title="Saint-Denis (Riunione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saint-Denis (Riunione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9F-%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99_(%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F)" title="סן-דני (ראוניון) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סן-דני (ראוניון)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="სენ-დენი (რეიუნიონი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სენ-დენი (რეიუნიონი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reunion)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunion) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunion)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctus_Dionysius_(Reunio)" title="Sanctus Dionysius (Reunio) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sanctus Dionysius (Reunio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senden%C4%AB_(Reinjona)" title="Sendenī (Reinjona) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sendenī (Reinjona)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_Deni_(Reunjonas)" title="Sen Deni (Reunjonas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sen Deni (Reunjonas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен Дени (Реинион) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сен Дени (Реинион)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="सेंट डेनिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेंट डेनिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="სენ-დენი (რეიუნიონი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სენ-დენი (რეიუნიონი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="سان دينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سان دينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سنت دنی، رئونیون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سنت دنی، رئونیون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B_(%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3)" title="サン＝ドニ (レユニオン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サン＝ドニ (レユニオン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (ГӀеуьньон) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сен-Дени (ГӀеуьньон)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Re%C3%BCnion)" title="Saint-Denis (Reünion) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reünion)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Saint-Denis" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(La_R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (La Réunion) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Saint-Denis (La Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reunion)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunion) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunion)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Dinis_(Reuni%C3%A3o)" title="São Dinis (Reunião) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="São Dinis (Reunião)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(Reunione)" title="Saint-Denis (Reunione) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Saint-Denis (Reunione)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saint-Denis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saint-Denis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سەینت دێنیس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەینت دێنیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен Дени (Реинион) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сен Дени (Реинион)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_de_la_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis de la Réunion – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saint-Denis de la Réunion" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80_,_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சான்-டெனீ , ரீயூனியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான்-டெனீ , ரீயூனியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сен-Дени (Реюньон)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87)" title="แซ็ง-เดอนี (เรอูว์นียง) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซ็ง-เดอนี (เรอูว์นียง)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Сен-Дені (Реюньйон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сен-Дені (Реюньйон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9-%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DA%BA" title="سینٹ-ڈینس، رانوں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ-ڈینس، رانوں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Saint-Denis (Réunion) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Saint-Denis (Réunion)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC%EF%BC%88%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA%EF%BC%89" title="聖但尼（留尼汪） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="聖但尼（留尼汪）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%BA)" title="聖但尼 (留尼旺) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖但尼 (留尼旺)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saint-Denis, Réunion" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA)" title="圣但尼 (留尼汪) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣但尼 (留尼汪)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&params=20.8789_S_55.4481_E_type:city(154765)_region:FR-974"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°52′44″S</span> <span class="longitude">55°26′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.8789°S 55.4481°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.8789; 55.4481</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture, city and commune in Réunion, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places named Saint-Denis, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_(disambiguation)#Places" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Saint Denis (disambiguation)">Saint Denis (disambiguation) § Places</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Réunion, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Saint-Denis</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Sin-Dni</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Reunionese Creole</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintDenisReunion002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SaintDenisReunion002.jpg/280px-SaintDenisReunion002.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SaintDenisReunion002.jpg/420px-SaintDenisReunion002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SaintDenisReunion002.jpg/560px-SaintDenisReunion002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1065" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintDenisReunion005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SaintDenisReunion005.JPG/139px-SaintDenisReunion005.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SaintDenisReunion005.JPG/209px-SaintDenisReunion005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SaintDenisReunion005.JPG/278px-SaintDenisReunion005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2197" data-file-height="1648" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg/139px-SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg/209px-SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg/278px-SaintDenisR%C3%A9union_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/139px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/209px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/278px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mairie-saint-denis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mairie-saint-denis.JPG/139px-Mairie-saint-denis.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mairie-saint-denis.JPG/209px-Mairie-saint-denis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mairie-saint-denis.JPG/278px-Mairie-saint-denis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg/139px-ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg/209px-ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg/278px-ReU_StDenis_MuseumNHN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="963" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg/139px-Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg/209px-Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg/278px-Saint_Denis_au_cr%C3%A9puscule_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="2332" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top, left to right: Panoramic view of the city from the heights of Bellepierre; cannons at the <a href="/wiki/Barachois" title="Barachois">Barachois</a> waterfront; <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Cathedral,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis Cathedral, Réunion">Saint-Denis Cathedral</a>; Palais de la Source, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_council_(France)" title="Departmental council (France)">departmental council</a>; Saint-Denis's historic city hall and Victory Column; La Réunion's Natural History Museum; city center and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> in the evening.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Saint-Denis"><img alt="Flag of Saint-Denis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif/100px-Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif/150px-Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif/200px-Flag_of_Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Saint-Denis"><img alt="Coat of arms of Saint-Denis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/73px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/109px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/145px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png/250px-R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png/375px-R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png/500px-R%C3%A9union-Saint-Denis.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Saint-Denis</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_46aae19910e18eb0d3bcc0476dcecb46ee7afe10"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union&revid=1257160349&groups=_46aae19910e18eb0d3bcc0476dcecb46ee7afe10" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Saint-Denis%2C_R%C3%A9union&revid=1257160349&groups=_46aae19910e18eb0d3bcc0476dcecb46ee7afe10 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&params=20.8789_S_55.4481_E_type:city(154765)_region:FR-974"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°52′44″S</span> <span class="longitude">55°26′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.8789°S 55.4481°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.8789; 55.4481</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas region and department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Saint-Denis" title="Cantons of Saint-Denis">4 cantons</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_intercommunale_du_Nord_de_La_R%C3%A9union" title="Communauté intercommunale du Nord de La Réunion">Nord de la Réunion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ericka_Bareigts" title="Ericka Bareigts">Ericka Bareigts</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">142.79 km<sup>2</sup> (55.13 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">547.8 km<sup>2</sup> (211.5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">154,765</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/km<sup>2</sup> (2,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Jan. 2021<sup id="cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">319,141</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">580/km<sup>2</sup> (1,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+04:00</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-97411">97411</a> /97400</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–2,276 m (0–7,467 ft) <br />(avg. 23 m or 75 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintdenis.re/">Ville-saintdenis-reunion.fr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG/220px-Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG/330px-Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG/440px-Panneau-Sin-Dni.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1882" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual sign in French and Reunionese Creole</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Saint-Denis</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ̃/: nasal 'in' in 'vin blanc'">æ̃</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>d(ə)ni]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2e\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Harmonia_Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Harmonia_Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Harmonia Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Harmonia_Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Harmonia_Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Harmonia_Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Harmonia Amanda-Saint-Denis.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Reunionese_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunionese Creole">Reunionese Creole</a>: <i lang="rcf">Sin-Dni</i>), unofficially <b>Saint-Denis de La Réunion</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>d(ə)ni<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>la<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁeynjɔ̃]</a></span>) for disambiguation, is the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> (administrative capital) of the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department_and_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department and region">overseas department and region</a> of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>. It is located at the island's northernmost point, close to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_Saint-Denis" title="Rivière Saint-Denis">Rivière Saint-Denis</a>. </p><p>Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department_and_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department and region">overseas departments</a> and the nineteenth most populous in all of France. At the 2021 census, there were 319,141 inhabitants in the <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> of Saint-Denis (as defined by <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France)">INSEE</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 154,765 of whom lived in the city (<a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a>) of Saint-Denis proper and the remainder in the neighbouring communes of <a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion">Sainte-Suzanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-André, Réunion">Saint-André</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bras-Panon" title="Bras-Panon">Bras-Panon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-commmune_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commmune-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint-Denis was founded in 1669 by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Regnault" title="Étienne Regnault">Étienne Regnault</a>, the first governor of Bourbon Island (as La Réunion was then called), on the northern side of the island, where a larger and more fertile plain was deemed more propitious for the development of settlements than the drier and more barren area of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a> on the western side of the island. Saint-Paul had been the site of Bourbon Island's first French settlement in 1663 due to the better anchorage and wind conditions of the western coast. </p><p>The new settlement was named Saint-Denis after the name of a ship owned by one of governor Regnault's friends, which had landed in Réunion in 1668. Saint-Denis and Saint-Paul shared the role of colonial capital of Bourbon for some years, with the governor and colonial council staying alternatively in the two settlements, until Saint-Denis was chosen as the permanent location of Bourbon's colonial government in 1738. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century_and_Napoleonic_Wars">18th century and Napoleonic Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 18th century and Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after 1738, work was started to establish a seaport in the little bay of Le <a href="/wiki/Barachois" title="Barachois">Barachois</a>, on the eastern side of the Saint-Denis River, to replace the port of Saint-Paul, but its site did not offer a safe haven, due to unpredictable winds and tides, as well as frequent high surf which forced ships to unload their cargo in the open <a href="/wiki/Roadstead" title="Roadstead">roadstead</a> away from the shore, from where it was carried to the shore with the use of a mobile pier. Improvements in the 19th century resulted in the construction of a small artificial harbor where surf boats in charge of unloading cargo from larger ships could be protected from winds and swells, but it was regularly damaged by <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>. Eventually it was replaced by a new and much larger artificial harbor built on the northwest coast of La Réunion in the 1880s, in today's commune of <a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port</a>, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Saint-Denis. </p><p>A royal decree in 1766 divided Bourbon Island in 5 <i>quartiers</i>, one of which was Saint-Denis. The checkerboard plan of the city, established by land surveyor Jean-Baptiste Bancks (sometimes spelled Banck, of <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese" title="Flight of the Wild Geese">Irish Jacobite descent</a>), was officially adopted in 1777. In 1790, Saint-Denis became a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a>. Its first mayor was Jean-Baptiste Delestrac. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Saint-Denis was captured by British troops on 8 July 1810. The British occupied Saint-Denis and the entire island during nearly 5 years. On 6 April 1815, after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a>, the British officially restored Bourbon Island to France during a ceremony held on the main square of Saint-Denis. Later in October 1815, as news of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">return to France</a> had arrived in the Indian Ocean, a British fleet from <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> presented itself in front of St Denis, asking the French governor of Bourbon Island to surrender the colony to His Britannic Majesty. The French governor refused and the British started a blockade of the island. Eventually on 28 October the news arrived of Napoleon's <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Napoleon,_1815" title="Abdication of Napoleon, 1815">2nd abdication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>'s return to power, and the British fleet ended its blockade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prosperity_and_urban_development_(1815–1860s)"><span id="Prosperity_and_urban_development_.281815.E2.80.931860s.29"></span>Prosperity and urban development (1815–1860s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prosperity and urban development (1815–1860s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 18th century, cultivation of coffee had ensured the development of Saint-Denis. Warehouses in Saint-Denis stored the coffee beans before their export to Europe from the port of Saint-Denis. In the 19th century, following France's loss of its largest sugar colonies of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>) as a result of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, sugarcane replaced coffee as the main crop in Bourbon, and sugar became the main export, again ensuring the development of Saint-Denis, from where sugar was exported to Europe. </p><p>The prosperous period experienced by Saint-Denis after the Napoleonic Wars was marked by urban development and public investments. In 1818, due to the British annexation of the Isle of France (Mauritius) which was home to the only <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée">lycée</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>, where Bourbon Island's elites used to send their children for <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">secondary education</a>, Bourbon Island's governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Bernard_Milius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Bernard Milius (page does not exist)">Milius</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_Milius" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Bernard Milius">fr</a>]</span> launched the construction of a royal college in Saint-Denis (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collège de Bourbon (page does not exist)">Collège de Bourbon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Bourbon" class="extiw" title="fr:Collège de Bourbon">fr</a>]</span>), which opened in 1819, the first royal college on Bourbon Island (later renamed Lycée de La Réunion in 1848, then transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France#Collège" title="Secondary education in France">collège</a>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a>, in 1968). In 1825 a law school (<i>École de Jurisprudence</i>) granting the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> was established in Saint-Denis. </p><p>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Cathedral,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis Cathedral, Réunion">Saint-Denis Cathedral</a> was begun in 1829 and completed in 1832. The theatre of Saint-Denis was built in 1835 with loggias and balconies (it was later destroyed by fire in 1919). That same year, construction of the <i>Palais législatif</i> ("Legislative Palace") was begun and completed in 1837: the palace housed the Colonial Council (<i>Conseil colonial</i>), the legislative assembly of Bourbon Island; the palace was later turned over in 1855 to the newly created <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_History_Museum_of_La_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural History Museum of La Réunion (page does not exist)">Natural History Museum of La Réunion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9um_d%27histoire_naturelle_de_La_R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="fr:Muséum d'histoire naturelle de La Réunion">fr</a>]</span>, the first <a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museum" title="Natural history museum">natural history museum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>. In 1843, following the example of Mauritius where <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse races</a> had become popular among French colonial planters, a racecourse was inaugurated at <a href="/wiki/La_Redoute_Stadium" title="La Redoute Stadium">La Redoute</a>, now transformed into a stadium. Construction of the old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis_city_hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Denis city hall (page does not exist)">Saint-Denis city hall</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_de_Saint-Denis" class="extiw" title="fr:Hôtel de ville de Saint-Denis">fr</a>]</span> was started in 1846 and the building was inaugurated in 1860. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_market_of_Saint-Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central market of Saint-Denis (page does not exist)">central market of Saint-Denis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_march%C3%A9_de_Saint-Denis" class="extiw" title="fr:Grand marché de Saint-Denis">fr</a>]</span>, a wrought iron structure, was built between 1864 and 1866. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1817%E2%80%931824_cholera_pandemic" title="1817–1824 cholera pandemic">first cholera pandemic</a> struck Saint-Denis in the beginning of 1820: cholera had arrived from <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> in Mauritius the year before, and despite strict orders from governor Milius forbidding any contact with Mauritius, one ship arriving from Mauritius evaded the orders and brought cholera to Saint-Denis. The authorities reacted quickly as soon as the disease was discovered in town by isolating sick people, establishing a military <a href="/wiki/Cordon_sanitaire_(medicine)" title="Cordon sanitaire (medicine)"><i>cordon sanitaire</i></a>, and evacuating the rest of the population from the city. As a result, cholera was contained within the city limits and killed only 178 people (whereas it spread all over Mauritius and killed thousands of people there).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1841, the famous poet <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, then 20 year-old, who had been sent on a voyage to Calcutta, India by his family in the hope of ending his dissolute habits, landed in Saint-Denis and stayed on Bourbon Island for 45 days, before deciding to return to metropolitan France without reaching India. </p><p>In 1847, the return to Bourbon Island of the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture" title="Apostolic prefecture">Apostolic Vice-Prefect</a> of the island, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Monnet" title="Alexandre Monnet">Alexandre Monnet</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> who had worked for the <a href="/wiki/Evangelization" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelization">evangelization</a> of Bourbon's Black slaves and was returning from a trip to Europe where he had been celebrated in Paris and Rome for his work in favor of Black slaves, triggered two days of protests in Saint-Denis among the White colonists, who insulted the Apostolic Vice-Prefect without governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Gra%C3%ABb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Graëb (page does not exist)">Joseph Graëb</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gra%C3%ABb" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Graëb">fr</a>]</span> intervening to stop the turmoil. Due to strong opposition, and without any local support, Father Monnet, nicknamed the Father of Black People (<i>le Père des Noirs</i>), was forced to leave Bourbon Island only fifteen days later at the urging of the governor. </p><p>On June 9, 1848, after the arrival of news of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">February 1848 French Revolution</a> from Europe, governor Graëb announced the proclamation of the French Republic in Saint-Denis, and the island's name was changed to La Réunion, the name it had already held between 1793 and 1806. The establishment of the Republic was met with coldness and distrust by the wealthy White planters due to the professed abolitionism of the new Republican authorities in Paris. On 18 October 1848 the new <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Republic" title="Commissioner of the Republic">Commissioner of the Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Napol%C3%A9on_S%C3%A9bastien_Sarda_Garriga" title="Joseph Napoléon Sébastien Sarda Garriga">Sarda Garriga</a>, sent from Paris to replace governor Graëb, announced in Saint-Denis the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_France#End_of_slavery_in_France" title="Slavery in France">abolition of slavery</a> in Réunion Island, effective on 20 December 1848. In December the students at the lycée of Saint-Denis, sons of rich planters, demonstrated against the director of the lycée, a declared republican. Unable to calm the protestors, commissioner Sarda Garriga was forced to call in the troops and close the lycée for more than a month. </p><p>In 1853, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banque_de_La_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banque de La Réunion (page does not exist)">Banque de La Réunion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_de_La_R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="fr:Banque de La Réunion">fr</a>]</span> was founded in Saint-Denis with part of the compensation paid to Réunion's slave owners by the French government after the 1848 abolition of slavery. It was the first commercial bank in Réunion, and also served as a central bank, with the legal right to issue banknotes. The next year a <a href="/wiki/Savings_bank" title="Savings bank">savings bank</a> was also established in Saint-Denis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stagnation_(1860s–1940s)"><span id="Stagnation_.281860s.E2.80.931940s.29"></span>Stagnation (1860s–1940s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stagnation (1860s–1940s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint-Denis was struck by the <a href="/wiki/1846%E2%80%931860_cholera_pandemic" title="1846–1860 cholera pandemic">third cholera pandemic</a> in 1859, the first time cholera was returning to Réunion since 1820. During the outbreaks of cholera in Mauritius in 1854 and 1856, strict sanitary measures forbidding the landing of ships in Réunion had prevented the disease from reaching the island. In 1859, however, a ship transporting <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured laborers</a> from East Africa hid the cases of cholera on board from the Saint-Denis authorities and the ship was allowed to land. Cholera spread quickly and killed 863 people in the city (and 2,200 people in the entire island) in the space of two months and a half, one of the deadliest epidemics in the history of Réunion. </p><p>In the 1860s, cane cultivation was affected by the <i><a href="/wiki/Chilo_sacchariphagus" title="Chilo sacchariphagus">Chilo sacchariphagus</a></i> pest, and the recruiting of labourers in India also became more difficult (caps introduced by British authorities), which led to a crisis of Réunion's sugar cane industry. During the same period, the island was hit by several <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a> also arrived in Réunion in 1868, three years after its arrival in Mauritius (both islands were malaria-free before the 1860s), and the disease became endemic in the island. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in 1869 as well as the French growing interest in <a href="/wiki/Franco-Hova_Wars" title="Franco-Hova Wars">colonizing Madagascar</a> also marginalized Réunion. As a result of all these events, Saint-Denis entered a period of stagnation that lasted until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The city even officially experienced population decline from the 1870s until the beginning of the 1920s, before recovering slightly after 1921 (see Demographics section). </p><p>In 1868, bitter press campaigns opposing local <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-clerical" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-clerical">anti-clerical</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">clerical</a> (pro-<a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>) newspapers degenerated when the editor-in-chief of the clerical newspaper <i>La Malle</i> was rumored to have sexually assaulted the son of a merchant from Saint-Denis. The rumor led to five days of anti-clerical riots in the city in November-December 1868, with crowds of up to 2,000 gathering in front of the bishop's palace, shouting "Down with <i>La Malle</i>! Down with the Jesuits!", and ransacking the college (high school) of the Jesuits. On 3 December governor <a href="/wiki/Marie_Jules_Dupr%C3%A9" title="Marie Jules Dupré">Marie Jules Dupré</a> ordered the dispersal of the unarmed anti-clerical crowd assembled on the square in front of the Saint-Denis city hall, and the troops opened fire, killing 9 people and injuring another 30 people. The next day, a <a href="/wiki/State_of_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="State of siege">state of siege</a> was declared. The tragedy had nationwide repercussions in France in the dying days of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> which opposed liberals and conservatives. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg/280px-Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg/420px-Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg/560px-Oudemans-R%C3%A9union-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Dutch camp set up at the Barachois seafront by the Oudemans mission for the 1874 transit of Venus.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 November 1870, after ships had brought the news of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>'s fall and proclamation of the French Republic in Paris, governor <a href="/wiki/Louis_Hippolyte_de_Lormel" title="Louis Hippolyte de Lormel">Louis Hippolyte de Lormel</a> announced the proclamation of the French Republic in Saint-Denis. That same year, the first telegraph line in Réunion was established between Saint-Denis and the southern Réunionese <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a>, 110 kilometres (68 mi) in length. </p><p>In December 1874, the <a href="/wiki/Jean_Abraham_Chr%C3%A9tien_Oudemans" title="Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans">Oudemans</a> scientific mission sent by king <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III of the Netherlands</a> to Réunion to observe the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a> established its observation camp at the seafront of Barachois, in Saint-Denis. </p><p>A 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) railway tunnel dug in the big lava flow separating Saint-Denis from <a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a> was started in 1878 and completed in 1881, allowing trains to connect Saint-Denis with the new seaport of La Réunion under construction at <a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port</a> in replacement of the old harbor of Barachois in Saint-Denis. It was the third-longest tunnel in the world at the time. </p><p>In 1891, the first streets in the centre of Saint-Denis started to be lit with electric lighting. In 1896, the first <a href="/wiki/Public_and_private_screening" title="Public and private screening">public screening</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">movie projector</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumière brothers</a> brought from Paris took place in the Saint-Denis city hall. In 1900 the first <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">automobile</a> arrived in Saint-Denis, a <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> car. </p><p>In 1896, the first Chinese temple in Réunion and in France was opened in Saint-Denis, the Chane temple (陈宅), also called Shichantang (世昌堂), dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Guandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Guandi">Guandi</a> and to the ancestral worship of the Chane (陈) family, one of the Cantonese families arrived in Réunion in the 1860s and 1870s as Chinese labourers. In 1905 was inaugurated in Saint-Denis the <a href="/wiki/Noor-e-Islam_Mosque" title="Noor-e-Islam Mosque">Noor-e-Islam Mosque</a>, the oldest mosque in France (outside of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>), whose construction was authorized by the governor of Réunion in 1898 after several requests from the Muslim inhabitants of the island, Indians originally from <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> arrived in Réunion in the 1850s. The first <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> temple in Saint-Denis, the <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamil</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalikambal_Temple_(R%C3%A9union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalikambal Temple (Réunion) (page does not exist)">Kalikambal Temple</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Kalikambal_(La_R%C3%A9union)" class="extiw" title="fr:Temple Kalikambal (La Réunion)">fr</a>]</span>, was inaugurated in 1917. </p><p>In 1897, queen <a href="/wiki/Ranavalona_III" title="Ranavalona III">Ranavalona III</a> of Madagascar was deported to Saint-Denis, where she lived for two years before being deported to <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Said_Ali_bin_Said_Omar_of_Grande_Comore" title="Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore">Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore</a> was also exiled to Réunion where he lived in Saint-Denis in the end of the 1890s and beginning of the 1900s. The deposed emperor of Vietnam <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_Th%C3%A1i" title="Thành Thái">Thành Thái</a> and his son the emperor <a href="/wiki/Duy_T%C3%A2n" title="Duy Tân">Duy Tân</a> were both exiled to Réunion by French authorities in 1916 and they lived in Saint-Denis until World War II. The Moroccan rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Abd_el-Krim" title="Abd el-Krim">Abd el-Krim</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Rif" title="Republic of the Rif">Republic of the Rif</a>, was also exiled to Réunion in 1926 after his surrender to French troops, and he lived in Saint-Denis until 1929, before moving to <a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Bassins" title="Les Trois-Bassins">Les Trois-Bassins</a>. </p><p>In 1912, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_L%C3%A9on-Dierx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée Léon-Dierx (page does not exist)">Musée Léon-Dierx</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_L%C3%A9on-Dierx" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée Léon-Dierx">fr</a>]</span>, the museum of arts of Saint-Denis, was inaugurated in the colonial mansion which served as the bishop's palace and had been seized by the French state the year before, following the <a href="/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State">1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a> hit Saint-Denis in April and May 1919, killing thousands of people. During the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> of 1919 alone, the Spanish flu killed nearly 1,000 people in Saint-Denis, a city which had less than 24,000 inhabitants at the time. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy" title="Wireless telegraphy">Radiotelegraphy</a> services began operation in Saint-Denis in 1923, with a radiotelegraphy station opened in old military barracks at the Barachois. The first radio program broadcast to the public took place in 1927, and the first radio station, Radio Saint-Denis, went on the air in 1929. </p><p>In 1938, the old harbor of Le Barachois was filled to create a large square in order to host a large <a href="/wiki/Colonial_exhibition" title="Colonial exhibition">colonial exhibition</a>. On 10 April 1940 the last public execution in Réunion took place at dawn on that square at the Barachois: two men were <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotined</a> for the savage murder of a 78 year-old female shopkeeper in 1937. </p><p>In June 1940, after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a>, governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_%C3%89mile_Aubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Émile Aubert (page does not exist)">Pierre Émile Aubert</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_%C3%89mile_Aubert" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Émile Aubert">fr</a>]</span> decided to declare his loyalty to <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Marshal Pétain</a>, unlike the French colonial governors in the South Pacific surrounded by British territories, who chose to rally <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle's</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a>, and he cut all communications with Mauritius. The British established a naval blockade of Réunion which led to severe food shortages and <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationing</a>. The governor pushed local authorities to follow <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> policies. In Saint-Denis, the square of Barachois was renamed square <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Marshal Pétain</a> by the municipal council in February 1941. A Pétain Propaganda Committee was created in Saint-Denis in December 1941, as well as a Marshal Pétain Guard made up of 800 followers of the <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i>. At the same time, an underground resistance movement started to organize itself. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg/280px-Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg/420px-Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg/560px-Free_French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard_on_6_June_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5701" data-file-height="3838" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard" title="French destroyer Léopard"><i>Léopard</i></a>, pictured in 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the successful <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">British landing in Vichy-held Madagascar</a>, and faced with the impossibility to defend Réunion's coastline, governor Aubert on 27 September 1942 decided to declare Saint-Denis an <a href="/wiki/Open_city" title="Open city">open city</a> and retreat to <a href="/wiki/Hell-Bourg" title="Hell-Bourg">Hell-Bourg</a>, in the interior of the island. On 28 November the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Naval_Forces" title="Free French Naval Forces">Free French Naval Forces</a> (FNFL) destroyer <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard" title="French destroyer Léopard"><i>Léopard</i></a>, sailing from Mauritius, arrived off Saint-Denis and landed troops unopposed. These troops captured the city and established a Free French governor. Governor Aubert surrendered to the Free French governor on 30 November, thus completing the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Liberation of Réunion</a>. All Vichy policies enacted under governor Aubert were reversed in late 1942 and in 1943. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_expansion_(1940s–1970s)"><span id="Urban_expansion_.281940s.E2.80.931970s.29"></span>Urban expansion (1940s–1970s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Urban expansion (1940s–1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, Saint-Denis entered a new period of population growth and urban development. In February 1945, <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> opened an air route between Paris and Saint-Denis, the first air route linking Réunion with metropolitan France: operated once a week, it took 5 days and 14 stopovers to reach Paris from Saint-Denis. In June 1946, the newer Gillot airfield (now <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_Airport" title="Roland Garros Airport">Roland Garros Airport</a>, the international airport of Réunion) was inaugurated 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) east of Saint-Denis's city center, in the neighboring commune of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie</a>. </p><p>In March 1946, the colony of Réunion was turned into an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department of France</a>, which led to the gradual alignment of its social and public services with those of metropolitan France. Malaria eradication campaigns, started in Réunion in 1949 thanks to the new <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> insecticide, led to a dramatic decrease of malaria prevalence in the space of four years, and its complete eradication by 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malaria had acted as a brake on population growth since its arrival in the island in 1868, and with its eradication the island's population soon started to grow tremendously due to high fertility rates. </p><p>All these factors, combined with <a href="/wiki/Rural_flight" title="Rural flight">rural flight</a>, led to a new period of rapid expansion for the city of Saint-Denis. After more than 70 years of stagnation, the city's population more than doubled between the 1954 and 1967 censuses. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/June_1946_French_legislative_election" title="June 1946 French legislative election">June 1946 French legislative election</a> was marked by political violence in Réunion, opposing <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">Communist</a> militants and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian-democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> (MRP), which had both emerged from the underground resistance during Vichy rule over the island (1940–1942). On 25 May 1946, in the heat of the campaign, Communist and MRP militants confronted each other in the city center of Saint-Denis, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_de_Villeneuve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis de Villeneuve (page does not exist)">Alexis de Villeneuve</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Villeneuve" class="extiw" title="fr:Alexis de Villeneuve">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Gaullist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaullist">Gaullist</a> and MRP leader, who was running in the 1st constituency of Réunion (the one including Saint-Denis), where he faced <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Verg%C3%A8s" title="Raymond Vergès">Raymond Vergès</a>, a local Communist leader <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France#Elections_of_May_1945" title="Liberation of France">elected the year before</a> mayor of Saint-Denis, was shot and killed in the mêlée. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verg%C3%A8s" title="Paul Vergès">Paul Vergès</a>, son of Raymond Vergès, and future founder of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Communist Party of Réunion">Communist Party of Réunion</a> (with which he led the regional council of Réunion from 1998 to 2010), was accused of having fired the fatal shot with a gun belonging to his father found on the scene. Found guilty by the <a href="/wiki/Cour_d%27assises" title="Cour d'assises">criminal court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (where the trial had been relocated in order to calm tensions in Réunion), he was granted <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> in 1953 by the French government. </p><p>In 1956 was begun the construction of a major road linking Saint-Denis and <a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a> (and from there the seaport of Réunion and the western coast of the island), bypassing the big lava flow which had always impeded communications between Saint-Denis and the western coast of the island. Only a slow railway line built in 1878–1881 in a tunnel under the lava flow and a narrow, winding road climbing the lava flow existed until then, which hindered the economic development of Saint-Denis. The new road, built at the bottom of the cliffs almost at sea-level, took 7 years to complete and was opened to traffic in 1963. It was later enlarged as a 4-lane expressway between 1973 and 1976. </p><p>In 1957, a large modern hospital was opened in Saint-Denis, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_hospitalier_F%C3%A9lix-Guyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon (page does not exist)">Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_F%C3%A9lix-Guyon" class="extiw" title="fr:Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon">fr</a>]</span>, one of the results of the transformation of the colony into an overseas department in 1946. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1959_French_municipal_elections" title="1959 French municipal elections">1959 French municipal elections</a> were once again marked by political violence in Réunion. In Saint-Denis, on election day (15 March 1959), a young Communist militant was shot and killed by a Gaullist militant, and another Communist militant was severely injured by the same gunman. Paul Vergès, who was the Communist candidate to become mayor of Saint-Denis, was beaten by <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a> forces during clashes in the streets and left unconscious on the pavement. The Gaullist candidate, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Mac%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Macé (page does not exist)">Gabriel Macé</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Mac%C3%A9_(homme_politique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Gabriel Macé (homme politique)">fr</a>]</span>, was declared winner of the election, but the Communists accused the authorities of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>. This pushed Vergès to secede from the French Communist Party two months later and found the Communist Party of Réunion, which then campaigned for more autonomy from France. Yet in July 1959, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, president of France, received a warm welcome on his arrival to Saint-Denis, the first visit by a French head of state since the foundation of the city. </p><p>In 1961, the first modern hotel and the first supermarket opened in Saint-Denis. The city's (and more generally the island's) infrastructure, however, was still largely underdeveloped compared to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>, and many people lived in great poverty. In the countryside, people often resided in huts with bare earth floor, and the housing situation in the city was getting worse every year with the now rapidly growing population. De Gaulle's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Michel Debré</a>, who had accompanied De Gaulle during his 1959 visit and witnessed the poverty and underdevelopment then prevalent in Réunion, feared that it would push the islanders towards asking independence from France, as had happened in the rest of Africa. After stepping down as prime minister in 1962 following the independence of <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> (to which he had been opposed), he was determined to prevent the same fate in Réunion, and decided to stand in the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union%27s_1st_constituency" title="Réunion's 1st constituency">1st constituency of Réunion</a> <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> in the beginning of 1963 (after the results of the <a href="/wiki/1962_French_legislative_election" title="1962 French legislative election">1962 French legislative election</a> in that constituency, which the mayor of Saint-Denis Gabriel Macé had won, were invalidated by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a> due to renewed electoral fraud). </p><p>Michel Debré decisively defeated his Communist rival Paul Vergès when the by-election took place in May 1963, and he became the leader of Réunion's Gaullist and right-wing forces opposed to the autonomy of Réunion demanded by the local Communist Party. Debré used his connections in Paris to promote the economic development of the island and bring its housing and infrastructure closer to metropolitan French level, which benefited Saint-Denis as capital of the island. In 1964, the French National Assembly voted the so-called 'Debré Law' (named after its promoter) that facilitated land <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">expropriation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance" title="Slum clearance">slum clearance</a> in France's urban areas. The law helped to eradicate the <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty towns</a> that had started to appear in Saint-Denis and other Réunionese cities. The next year was launched the construction of large <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing projects</a> (or council estates) in the neighborhood of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Chaudron_(R%C3%A9union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Chaudron (Réunion) (page does not exist)">Le Chaudron</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Chaudron" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Chaudron">fr</a>]</span>, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Saint-Denis's city center, to rehouse the people evacuated from the shanty towns, as well as provide housing for low-income newcomers to the city arriving from the countryside. Construction of these projects, capable of housing close to 10,000 people, lasted until 1973. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG/280px-B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG/420px-B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG/560px-B%C3%A2timent-facult%C3%A9-Sciences-R%C3%A9union.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Faculty of Science on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reunion_Island" title="University of Reunion Island">University of Reunion Island</a> overlooking the city of Saint-Denis.</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1964, the first <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">TV station</a> in Réunion opened in Saint-Denis, a local station of the national broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a> (which has now become <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union_La_Premi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Réunion La Première (page does not exist)">Réunion La Première</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_La_Premi%C3%A8re_(t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision)" class="extiw" title="fr:Réunion La Première (télévision)">fr</a>]</span>), whose <a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">studios</a>, located at the Barachois near the city center, produced local news programs. A university campus affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Aix-Marseille_University" title="Aix-Marseille University">Aix-Marseille University</a> was opened gradually in Saint-Denis between 1964 and 1970, later officially becoming the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reunion_Island" title="University of Reunion Island">University of Reunion Island</a> in 1982. In August 1967 the first nonstop commercial flights between Saint-Denis and Paris (operated by Air France's <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a>) were launched after the lengthening and modernization of Gillot Airport's runway. Saint-Denis's new <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernist</a> city hall was constructed in the 1970s. The city hosted the first <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Island_Games" title="Indian Ocean Island Games">Indian Ocean Island Games</a> in 1979 (which it hosted again in 1998 and 2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991_Chaudron_riots">1991 Chaudron riots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1991 Chaudron riots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information (in French): <a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Chaudron_riots_(R%C3%A9union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Chaudron riots (Réunion) (page does not exist)">1991 Chaudron riots (Réunion)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%A9nements_du_Chaudron" class="extiw" title="fr:Événements du Chaudron">fr</a>]</sup></div> <p>Economic development and rising incomes, thanks to financial transfers from metropolitan France, led after the 1960s to a <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernization</a> of the local culture and the emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumer society</a>: TV sets became ubiquitous, large <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarkets</a> appeared on the outskirts of the city as in metropolitan French cities, selling many products imported from metropolitan France, and the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a> became generalized, leading to heavy traffic during rush hours in a city whose public transports were not developed. The high level of unemployment and the high <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</a> (in part due to imported goods from metropolitan France, as well as high salaries among the French state's public servants) generated frustration and social tensions among a significant part of the city's population with low incomes, who survived thanks to social benefits introduced after the transformation of Réunion into an overseas department in 1946, and who had difficult access to the consumer society and imported goods. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaudron_(Saint-Denis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg/280px-Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg/420px-Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg/560px-Chaudron_%28Saint-Denis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Le Chaudron <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing projects</a> in the city of Saint-Denis in the 2000s.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991, that social tension exploded after the authorities decided to close a TV station, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Free_Dom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Télé Free Dom (page does not exist)">Télé Free Dom</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Free_Dom" class="extiw" title="fr:Télé Free Dom">fr</a>]</span>, which was broadcasting pirated <a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action films</a> and erotic movies in particular) and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Reunionese Creole</a> talk shows, particularly popular among low-income people. Télé Free Dom had been broadcasting from its studios in Saint-Denis without a license for more than 4 years when <a href="/wiki/Conseil_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel">CSA</a>, France's electronic media regulatory authority, ordered it to cease operations. Despite protests from its viewers incited by the founder and owner of Télé Free Dom, a <a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">metropolitan Frenchman</a>, the French government instructed the <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">prefect</a> of Réunion to seize the transmitter of the TV station on 24 February 1991. A month of riots throughout the city ensued after Télé Free Dom went off air, with their epicenter in the large projects of Le Chaudron built in the 1960s and 1970s. </p><p>Hundreds of rioters threw stones at the police, and for several days they torched cars, looted and then set fire to banks, car dealerships, supermarkets, and large DIY and furniture stores in the <a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">retail parks</a> on the outskirts of the city. Eight looters died on the night of 25–26 February 1991, trapped inside a burning furniture store, which led to a temporary lull in the riots, but they soon erupted again in March. A visit by prime minister <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Michel Rocard</a> on 17 March failed to calm the situation down, and it was only after a visit by France's first lady <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Mitterrand" title="Danielle Mitterrand">Danielle Mitterrand</a>, who went to the projects at Le Chaudron to discuss with local residents and who promised to relay their grievances to the French president, that the riots finally ended on 24 March. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Denis_(Reunion)_SPOT_1268.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg/140px-Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg/210px-Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg/280px-Saint-Denis_%28Reunion%29_SPOT_1268.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Saint-Denis from the SPOT satellite</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located on the north end of the island, and was a port. Saint-Denis was "originally the main port of Réunion, but an artificial harbour at Le Port, on the northwest coast, replaced it in the 1880s, because of unpredictable winds and tides at Saint-Denis." The city includes some of the island's mountains, with a peak elevation of 2,276 meters (7,467 ft) within the metro area, which begins at sea level at the coast line.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has many neighbourhoods: Le Barachois, Bellepierre, Bois-de-Nèfles, La Bretagne (Le Cerf), Le Brûlé, Les Camélias, Centre-ville, Champ-Fleuri, <a href="/wiki/La_Montagne,_R%C3%A9union" title="La Montagne, Réunion">La Montagne</a> (Le Colorado, Ruisseau Blanc, Saint-Bernard), Montgaillard, La Providence, La Rivière Saint-Denis (La Redoute), Ruisseau des Noirs, Saint-François, Saint-Jacques, Sainte-Clotilde (Le Butor, le Chaudron, Commune Prima, <a href="/wiki/Domenjod" title="Domenjod">Domenjod</a>, Le Moufia), La Source, La Trinité, Vauban </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint-Denis features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Am</i>) with two distinct seasons: a hot and humid wet season from December to April and a very warm, less humid drier season for the remaining seven months of the year, with June to October qualifying as true dry season months. The dry season does typically feature relatively light rain, but it is not wet enough to be a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a>. During the wet season, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclones">tropical cyclones</a> often affect the city. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Saint-Denis <small>(<a href="/wiki/Gillot_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillot Airport">Gillot Airport</a>, altitude 8m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953−present)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #006B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">270.2<br />(10.64) </td> <td style="background: #003500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">279.3<br />(11.00) </td> <td style="background: #007300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">264.5<br />(10.41) </td> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.4<br />(5.25) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.8<br />(3.77) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.8<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.5<br />(1.91) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(1.70) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #10FF10; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.2<br />(6.31) </td> <td style="background: #3DFF3D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,530.3<br />(60.25) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">116.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.1 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.1 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.9 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.2 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,567.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-MFclimat1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFclimat1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Saint-Denis <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Salle_Saint-Michel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Salle Saint-Michel (page does not exist)">La Salle Saint-Michel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Saint-Michel_(La_R%C3%A9union)" class="extiw" title="fr:Collège Saint-Michel (La Réunion)">fr</a>]</span> <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France#Collège" title="Secondary education in France">Collège</a>, altitude 36m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1997–2016)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #008800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">250.7<br />(9.87) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">312.6<br />(12.31) </td> <td style="background: #00EC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.5<br />(7.22) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.6<br />(4.31) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(1.47) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(1.42) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.8<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(1.13) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1<br />(2.68) </td> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.4<br />(5.80) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,347.4<br />(53.05) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Météo France">Météo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Saint-Denis <small>(Le Brule - Val Fleuri SAPC, altitude 1069m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1969–2004)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">509.7<br />(20.07) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">540.8<br />(21.29) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">431.8<br />(17.00) </td> <td style="background: #00FF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.3<br />(6.51) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.3<br />(5.29) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(2.82) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9<br />(2.36) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.5<br />(2.85) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.8<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9<br />(3.22) </td> <td style="background: #42FF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.4<br />(4.82) </td> <td style="background: #006600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">273.6<br />(10.77) </td> <td style="background: #00BC00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,543.7<br />(100.15) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.9 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">140.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas departments</a>. The population of St Denis has grown substantially since 1954, both in the commune and the metropolitan area. In the 67 years from 1954 to the census in 2021, population has more than tripled. The annual rate of population growth has been lower in the 21st century than in the 20th century. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population Saint-Denis (commune)</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,452</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1877 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,050</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,835</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1887 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,035</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1892 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">28,759</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1897 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,387</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1902 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,392</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1907 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,972</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.71%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">21,538</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,390</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,807</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,762</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,637</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">35,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,863</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">65,275</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1967 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,444</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.57%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1974 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">103,512</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">109,072</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">121,999</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">131,557</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">145,022</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,985</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">154,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.86%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Local censuses up to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INSEE censuses since 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-commmune_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commmune-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:centre;clear:centre;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population Saint-Denis (metropolitan area)</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">86,267</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,345</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1967 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,215</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1974 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,346</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">187,541</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">215,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">251,044</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">293,447</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">304,178</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">319,141</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.80%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAV_pop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>The places of birth of the 304,178 residents in the Saint-Denis metropolitan area at the 2015 census were the following:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>81.1% were born in Réunion</li> <li>11.1% in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a></li> <li>1.1% in <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li>0.3% in other parts of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></li> <li>6.4% in foreign countries (notably <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of the Comoros">Union of the Comoros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>); half of them were immigrants and the other half were children of French citizens born abroad (children of Réunionese settlers in Madagascar for example)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The closest airport is <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_Airport" title="Roland Garros Airport">Roland Garros Airport</a>, 7 km east of the city in <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie, Réunion</a>, which is also the main international airport of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Air_Austral" title="Air Austral">Air Austral</a> is the regional air carrier, with its Indian Ocean hub located at the airport. The airline has begun serving some cities in mainland France. Five or six other airlines serve the airport. There is a good road network in Saint-Denis. </p><p>On 15 March 2022 an <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">aerial tramway</a>, named <b>Papang</b>, started operating, stretching 2.7 km (approximately 1.67 mi) and serving 5 stations between the neighbourhoods of Le Chaudron and Bois-de-Nèfles.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayors">Mayors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2020–present: <a href="/wiki/Ericka_Bareigts" title="Ericka Bareigts">Ericka Bareigts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a><sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemonde-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008–2020: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Annette" title="Gilbert Annette">Gilbert Annette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></li> <li>2001–2008: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Paul_Victoria" title="René-Paul Victoria">René-Paul Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_pour_un_mouvement_populaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Union pour un mouvement populaire">UMP</a></li> <li>1994–2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Tamaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Tamaya (page does not exist)">Michel Tamaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></li> <li>1989–1994: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Annette" title="Gilbert Annette">Gilbert Annette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></li> <li>1969–1989: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Legros" title="Auguste Legros">Auguste Legros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_pour_la_R%C3%A9publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassemblement pour la République">RPR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Dierx_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Dierx Museum (page does not exist)">Léon Dierx Museum</a> (art gallery and museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Jardin de l'État">Jardin de l'État</a> (public gardens – includes a natural history museum)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Barachois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Barachois (page does not exist)">Le Barachois</a>, seafront park</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Roche_%C3%89crite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Roche Écrite (page does not exist)">La Roche Écrite</a> (15 km (9 mi) south of the city), summit overlooking Saint-Denis, with impressive views over the city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasseries_de_Bourbon" title="Brasseries de Bourbon">Brasseries de Bourbon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>, they are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches and temples : <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Denis_de_La_R%C3%A9union" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion">Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>), <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> mosques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="University of La Réunion">University of Reunion Island</a> admits 15,000 students each year, with 6 campus sites in Saint-Denis.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Course work is aligned with European standards for university education. There is a school of engineering as well. The language is French, and there are connections with educational institutions in France on the continent of Europe. </p><p>The commune maintains various elementary schools for each sector.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> has an office in Saint-Denis.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island began organizing to be a digital hub for nearby African nations, relying on its two undersea cables for good internet connections.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapshak2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The potential for services would alter the island's economy, now reliant on sugar, an agricultural product. The university in Saint-Denis has programs to educate the young population in digital skills.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapshak2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New businesses are forming to serve the needs of airlines for software.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapshak2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Saint-Denis, Réunion is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, France</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-Nice_Jumellage_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nice_Jumellage-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>, Morocco</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sentenced to exile in Réunion, the Moroccan Rais <a href="/wiki/Abd_el-Krim" title="Abd el-Krim">Abd el-Krim</a> lived a few years in Saint-Denis from 1926 to 1947. </p><p>Prince <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_V%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Vàng">Bảo Vàng</a> of Vietnam (also known as Yves Claude Vinh San) the son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Duy_T%C3%A2n" title="Duy Tân">Duy Tân</a>, was born and resided in Saint-Denis, Réunion for his final years. His family also resided there. </p><p>Other people connected with Saint-Denis include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg/220px-Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg/330px-Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg/440px-Monument_Roland_Garros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>Monument honoring Roland Garros at Le Barachois</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir_F%C3%A9lix_Guyon" title="Jean Casimir Félix Guyon">Félix Guyon</a> (1831–1920), urologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herv%C3%A9" title="Édouard Hervé">Édouard Hervé</a> (1835–1899), journalist and academician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Dodu" title="Juliette Dodu">Juliette Dodu</a> (1848–1909), resistant to the war of 1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a> (1866–1939), art dealer and gallery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Verg%C3%A8s" title="Raymond Vergès">Raymond Vergès</a> (1882–1957), mayor of the town, founder of Témoignages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_(aviator)" title="Roland Garros (aviator)">Roland Garros</a> (1888–1918), aviator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Hugot" title="Émile Hugot">Émile Hugot</a> (1904–1993), industrialist in sugarcane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Az%C3%A9ma" title="Jean-Henri Azéma">Jean-Henri Azéma</a> (1913–2000), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Raymond Barre</a> (1924–2007), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julienne_Salvat" title="Julienne Salvat">Julienne Salvat</a> (1932–2019), teacher, poet, <i>femme de lettres</i>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Macron" title="Jean-Michel Macron">Jean-Michel Macron</a> (1950), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sangouma" title="Daniel Sangouma">Daniel Sangouma</a> (1965), sprinter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_De_Palmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gérald De Palmas">Gérald De Palmas</a> (1967), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bonaly" title="Surya Bonaly">Surya Bonaly</a> (1973), International Olympic Skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Grondin" title="Willy Grondin">Willy Grondin</a> (1974), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Loupy" title="Alexandre Loupy">Alexandre Loupy</a> (1977) nephrologist and medical researcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Narcisse" title="Daniel Narcisse">Daniel Narcisse</a> (1979), International handball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Gauvin" title="Valérie Gauvin">Valérie Gauvin</a> (1996), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imanu" title="Imanu">Jonathan Kievit</a> (1998), known professionally as Imanu, DJ and musician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Communes of the Réunion department">Communes of the Réunion department</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-9D1">"Comparateur de territoire - Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Saint-Denis (9D1)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire+-+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Saint-Denis+%289D1%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-9D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-97411">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-97411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAV_pop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAV_pop_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-116420,5228720,245067,148203&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&t=A01&view=map13">"Statistiques locales: France par aire d'attraction des villes, Population municipale (historique depuis 1876) 2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales%3A+France+par+aire+d%27attraction+des+villes%2C+Population+municipale+%28historique+depuis+1876%29+2021&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-116420%2C5228720%2C245067%2C148203%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_depuis_1876.pop%26s%3D2021%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-commmune-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-commmune_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-commmune_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8200783?sommaire=8200811&geo=COM-97411#ancre-POP_T1">"Population en historique depuis 1968"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France)">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+en+historique+depuis+1968&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8200783%3Fsommaire%3D8200811%26geo%3DCOM-97411%23ancre-POP_T1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexandre_Moreau_de_Jonnès1831" class="citation web cs1">Alexandre Moreau de Jonnès (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G2IOAAAAQAAJ&dq=chol%C3%A9ra+saint-denis+1820&pg=PA250">"Rapport au Conseil supérieur de santé sur le choléra-morbus pestilentiel"</a>. pp. 248–251<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+au+Conseil+sup%C3%A9rieur+de+sant%C3%A9+sur+le+chol%C3%A9ra-morbus+pestilentiel&rft.pages=248-251&rft.date=1831&rft.au=Alexandre+Moreau+de+Jonn%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG2IOAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3Dchol%25C3%25A9ra%2Bsaint-denis%2B1820%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/files/pub/mei-elimination-of-malaria-on-the-island-of-reunion.pdf">"Elimination of malaria on the island of Reunion: 40 years on"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. xvii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elimination+of+malaria+on+the+island+of+Reunion%3A+40+years+on&rft.pages=xvii&rft.date=2014&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu%2Fsites%2Fglobalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2Fmei-elimination-of-malaria-on-the-island-of-reunion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTikkanen2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tikkanen, Amy (21 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Denis-Reunion">"Saint-Denis"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint-Denis&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Tikkanen&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSaint-Denis-Reunion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFclimat1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFclimat1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97418110.pdf">"Statistiques 1991−2020 et records GILLOT−AEROPORT (974)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+1991%E2%88%922020+et+records+GILLOT%E2%88%92AEROPORT+%28974%29&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_97418110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97411111.pdf">"climate of Saint-Denis College 1981-2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=climate+of+Saint-Denis+College+1981-2010&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_97411111.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97411164.pdf">"Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiche+Climatologique+Statistiques+1991-2020+et+records&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_97411164.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32696174t/date&rk=21459;2"><i>Annuaire de l'île de la Réunion</i></a>. 1875–1925<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+de+l%27%C3%AEle+de+la+R%C3%A9union&rft.date=1875%2F1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fcb32696174t%2Fdate%26rk%3D21459%3B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_France,_Direction_des_colonies1881" class="citation book cs1">Government of France, Direction des colonies (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g8w1AQAAMAAJ&dq=%2232050%22+saint-denis+++%09%2228+novembre+1877%22&pg=PA197"><i>Recueil des actes organiques des colonies</i></a>. p. 197<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recueil+des+actes+organiques+des+colonies&rft.pages=197&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Government+of+France%2C+Direction+des+colonies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg8w1AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%252232050%2522%2Bsaint-denis%2B%2B%2B%2509%252228%2Bnovembre%2B1877%2522%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aec5AQAAIAAJ&q=%2232.637%22"><i>Résultats statistiques du recensement général de la population des départements d'outre-mer, effectué le 1er juillet 1954: Réunion</i></a>. p. 33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9sultats+statistiques+du+recensement+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+la+population+des+d%C3%A9partements+d%27outre-mer%2C+effectu%C3%A9+le+1er+juillet+1954%3A+R%C3%A9union&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1956&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daec5AQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%252232.637%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_France,_Secrétariat_général_pour_les_affaires_économiques1978" class="citation book cs1">Government of France, Secrétariat général pour les affaires économiques (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7W5PAQAAIAAJ&q=%2235+971%22"><i>Statistiques et indicateurs économiques</i></a>. p. 1-3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistiques+et+indicateurs+%C3%A9conomiques&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Government+of+France%2C+Secr%C3%A9tariat+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+pour+les+affaires+%C3%A9conomiques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7W5PAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%252235%2B971%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-115018,5243825,221973,134237&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2018&selcodgeo=9D1&t=A01&view=map13">"Statistiques locales - Saint-Denis : Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 - Population municipale (historique depuis 1876)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales+-+Saint-Denis+%3A+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+-+Population+municipale+%28historique+depuis+1876%29&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-115018%2C5243825%2C221973%2C134237%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_depuis_1876.pop%26s%3D2018%26selcodgeo%3D9D1%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3625223?sommaire=3558417">"Recensement de la population de 2015 - Individus localisés au canton-ou-ville en 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recensement+de+la+population+de+2015+-+Individus+localis%C3%A9s+au+canton-ou-ville+en+2015&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F3625223%3Fsommaire%3D3558417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/outre-mer/un-premier-telepherique-urbain-entre-en-service-a-la-reunion-1395011">"Un premier téléphérique urbain entre en service à La Réunion"</a> [A first urban cable car enters service in Reunion] (in French). 22 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+premier+t%C3%A9l%C3%A9ph%C3%A9rique+urbain+entre+en+service+%C3%A0+La+R%C3%A9union&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2Fpme-regions%2Foutre-mer%2Fun-premier-telepherique-urbain-entre-en-service-a-la-reunion-1395011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemonde-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lemonde_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/saint-denis-97411/">"Résultats du premier tour et second tour des élections à Saint-Denis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9sultats+du+premier+tour+et+second+tour+des+%C3%A9lections+%C3%A0+Saint-Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fresultats-elections%2Fsaint-denis-97411%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltonBaumann2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C">"Réunion"</a>. <i>Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices</i>. Vol. 5. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 2411–2412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-204-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9union&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+World%3A+A+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia+of+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=2411-2412&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-204-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2yiyLLOj88C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univ-reunion.fr/university-of-reunion-island">"University of Reunion Island"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Reunion+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-reunion.fr%2Funiversity-of-reunion-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saintdenis.re/les-ecoles-dionysiennes">"L'école"</a> (in French). Commune of Saint Denis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9cole&rft.pub=Commune+of+Saint+Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintdenis.re%2Fles-ecoles-dionysiennes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/planetwide/re/">"IBM Réunion"</a>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+R%C3%A9union&rft.pub=IBM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fplanetwide%2Fre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shapshak2016-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shapshak2016_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapshak2016" class="citation news cs1">Shapshak, Toby (1 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2016/12/01/how-reunion-is-reinventing-itself-as-a-digital-hub/#44e08d4618ce">"How Reunion Is Reinventing Itself As A Digital Hub"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=How+Reunion+Is+Reinventing+Itself+As+A+Digital+Hub&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Shapshak&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftobyshapshak%2F2016%2F12%2F01%2Fhow-reunion-is-reinventing-itself-as-a-digital-hub%2F%2344e08d4618ce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nice_Jumellage-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nice_Jumellage_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029114949/http://nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice">"Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice"</a> (in French). Ville de Nice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice">the original</a> on 29 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Villes+jumel%C3%A9es+avec+la+Ville+de+Nice&rft.pub=Ville+de+Nice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nice.fr%2FCollectivites%2FLa-municipalite%2FVilles-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Denis%2C+R%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template talk:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of African countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune">El Aaiún</a></b> (claimed)/<b><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a></b> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a></b> (political)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></b> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Réunion_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:R%C3%A9union_communes" title="Template:Réunion communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:R%C3%A9union_communes" title="Template talk:Réunion communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:R%C3%A9union_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Réunion communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Réunion_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Communes of the Réunion department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> department <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Avirons" title="Les Avirons">Les Avirons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras-Panon" title="Bras-Panon">Bras-Panon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cilaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre-Deux" title="Entre-Deux">Entre-Deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9" title="L'Étang-Salé">L'Étang-Salé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petite-%C3%8Ele" title="Petite-Île">Petite-Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plaine-des-Palmistes" title="La Plaine-des-Palmistes">La Plaine-des-Palmistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-André, Réunion">Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Benoît, Réunion">Saint-Benoît</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Denis</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Rose,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Rose, Réunion">Sainte-Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion">Sainte-Suzanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Joseph, Réunion">Saint-Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Leu, Réunion">Saint-Leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Louis, Réunion">Saint-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philippe" title="Saint-Philippe">Saint-Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salazie" title="Salazie">Salazie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tampon" title="Le Tampon">Le Tampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Bassins" title="Les Trois-Bassins">Les Trois-Bassins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Réunion_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Template:Réunion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Template talk:Réunion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Réunion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Réunion_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Réunion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Politics of Réunion">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Wildlife of Réunion">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Geography of Réunion">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.4em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafate" title="Mafate">Cirque de Mafate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_hotspot" title="Réunion hotspot">Hotspot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Denis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Réunion">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Arrondissements of the Réunion department">Arrondisements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Cantons of the Réunion department">Cantons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Communes of the Réunion department">Communes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Coat of arms of Réunion"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/80px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/120px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/160px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Economy of Réunion">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Tourism in Réunion">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Transport in Réunion">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Austral" title="Air Austral">Air Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Tram_Train" title="Réunion Tram Train">Tram Train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union#Culture" title="Réunion">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Creole language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Flag of Réunion">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%82me_de_la_France" title="L'Âme de la France"><i>L'Âme de la France</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(statues)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Music of Réunion">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27tite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e" title="P'tite fleur aimée">"P'tite fleur aimée" <span style="font-size:85%;">(regional anthem)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Séga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_R%C3%A9union" title="List of people from Réunion">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Réunion">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Football in Réunion">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Premier_League" title="Réunion Premier League">Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_national_football_team" title="Réunion national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Rugby union in Réunion">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_national_rugby_union_team" title="Réunion national rugby union team">national team</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Demographics of Réunion">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafres" title="Cafres">Cafres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Chinese people in Réunion">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Indians in Réunion">Indo-Réunionnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarabes" title="Zarabes">Zarabes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">Zoreilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:R%C3%A9union" title="Category:Réunion">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47045#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47045#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/242097233">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205794/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrrv9KdvvyQ446yCWrQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076959-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079313">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11955600r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11955600r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547798205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/801d181b-aadf-4a88-bfb8-84987b93735e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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