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<span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preflight_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preflight_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preflight preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preflight_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voyage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voyage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics_of_animal_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics_of_animal_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ethics of animal testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics_of_animal_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لايكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لايكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লাইকা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লাইকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layka" title="Layka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Layka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لایکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لایکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লাইকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাইকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82-%D1%8D%D1%82)" title="Лайка (космонавт-эт) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лайка (космонавт-эт)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लाईका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लाईका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5)" title="Лайка (куче) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лайка (куче)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Λάικα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάικα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لایکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لایکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%AFka" title="Laïka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laïka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%B4_(%EA%B0%9C)" title="라이카 (개) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라이카 (개)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1_(%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81_%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Լայկա (տիեզերագնաց շուն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լայկա (տիեզերագնաց շուն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लाइका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाइका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%ADka" title="Laíka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Laíka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="לייקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לייקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಲೈಕಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೈಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლაიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лайка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лайка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka_(kutya)" title="Lajka (kutya) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lajka (kutya)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лајка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лајка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="ലയ്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലയ്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लाइका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाइका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka_(hond)" title="Lajka (hond) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lajka (hond)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AB_(%E7%8A%AC)" title="ライカ (犬) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライカ (犬)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲାଇକା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାଇକା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲਾਇਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਇਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ajka_(pies)" title="Łajka (pies) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łajka (pies)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82)" title="Лайка (собака-космонавт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лайка (собака-космонавт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F" title="ලයිකා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලයිකා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لایکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لایکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajka" title="Lajka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lajka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D)" title="லைக்கா (நாய்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லைக்கா (நாய்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="లైకా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లైకా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%82)" title="ไลกา (สุนัข) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไลกา (สุนัข)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layka" title="Layka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Layka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82)" title="Лайка (собака-космонавт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лайка (собака-космонавт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لائیکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لائیکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layka" title="Layka – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Layka" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika" title="Laika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Laika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%8D%A1%EF%BC%88%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%8A%AC%EF%BC%89" title="莱卡（苏联太空犬） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莱卡（苏联太空犬）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0_(%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%8B%97)" title="吠 (太空狗) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吠 (太空狗)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layka" title="Layka – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Layka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li 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For the Greek genre of music, see <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Laika_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Laika (disambiguation)">Laika (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography biota"><caption class="infobox-title">Laika</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laika_(Soviet_dog).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Laika_%28Soviet_dog%29.jpg/266px-Laika_%28Soviet_dog%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/71/Laika_%28Soviet_dog%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="275" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Laika in a flight harness</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other <span class="nowrap">name(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kudryavka (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Кудрявка</span></span>, "Curly")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis_familiaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis familiaris">Canis familiaris</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">Breed</a></th><td class="infobox-data breed"><a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">Mongrel</a>, possibly part-<a href="/wiki/Husky" title="Husky">husky</a> (or part-<a href="/wiki/Samoyed_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoyed (dog)">Samoyed</a>) and part-<a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">terrier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sex</th><td class="infobox-data">Female</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nickname">Laika (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Лайка</span></span>)</span><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1954</span><br />Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1957<span style="display:none">(1957-11-03)</span> (aged 2–3)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First animal to orbit the Earth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">5 kg (11 lb)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Space program of the Soviet Union">a series</a> of articles on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding: 0px 5px 5px 5px"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna program</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight_programs" title="Human spaceflight programs">Human spaceflight programs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (joint)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a> (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1-L3" class="mw-redirect" title="N1-L3">N1-L3</a> (Moon landing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a> (Mars flyby)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik program">Sputnik program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(satellite)" title="Kosmos (satellite)">Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(satellite)" title="Molniya (satellite)">Molniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(satellite)" title="Zenit (satellite)">Zenit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_program" title="Mars program">Mars program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M" title="Mars 1M">Marsnik program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron (spacecraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_1_and_Orion_2_Space_Observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories">Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega program</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Expendable launch vehicle">Expendable launch vehicles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">Kosmos-3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">K</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Zander" title="Friedrich Zander">Friedrich Zander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Keldysh" title="Mstislav Keldysh">Mstislav Keldysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kemurdzhian" title="Alexander Kemurdzhian">Alexander Kemurdzhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Leonov" title="Alexei Leonov">Alexei Leonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Feoktistov" title="Konstantin Feoktistov">Konstantin Feoktistov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tikhonravov" title="Mikhail Tikhonravov">Mikhail Tikhonravov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yangel" title="Mikhail Yangel">Mikhail Yangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Glushko" title="Valentin Glushko">Valentin Glushko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chelomey" title="Vladimir Chelomey">Vladimir Chelomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerim_Kerimov" title="Kerim Kerimov">Kerim Kerimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Mishin" title="Vasily Mishin">Vasily Mishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Chertok" title="Boris Chertok">Boris Chertok</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonauts">Cosmonauts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts" title="List of cosmonauts">List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_space_program_sidebar" title="Template:Soviet space program sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_space_program_sidebar" title="Template talk:Soviet space program sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_space_program_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet space program sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Laika</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LY</span>-kə</i></a>; Russian: <span lang="ru">Лайка</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈlajkə]</a></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1954</span> – 3 November 1957) was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet space dog">Soviet space dog</a> who was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">animals in space</a> and the first to <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> the Earth. A <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">stray</a> <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">mongrel</a> from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a> spacecraft, launched into <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low orbit</a> on 3 November 1957. As the technology to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_entry" title="Atmospheric entry">re-enter the atmosphere</a> had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a> hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. </p><p>Little was known about the effects of <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a> on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human missions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RussiaOpensMonument_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RussiaOpensMonument-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of <a href="/wiki/Micro-g_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-g environment">weakened gravity</a> and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the <a href="/wiki/Biological_effects_of_spaceflight" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological effects of spaceflight">biological effects of spaceflight</a>. </p><p>Laika's death was possibly caused by a failure of the central <a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R‑7 sustainer</a> to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was <a href="/wiki/Euthanised" class="mw-redirect" title="Euthanised">euthanised</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_depletion" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen depletion">oxygen depletion</a>. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the <i><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space" title="Monument to the Conquerors of Space">Monument to the Conquerors of Space</a></i> in Moscow. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sputnik_2">Sputnik 2</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a></div> <p>After the success of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> in October 1957, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, leader of the Soviet Union, wanted a spacecraft launched on 7 November 1957 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChertok2006387_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChertok2006387-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khrushchev specifically wanted to deliver a "space spectacular", a mission that would repeat the triumph of Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>1, stunning the world with Soviet prowess.<sup id="cite_ref-AJL_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Construction had already started on <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a>, a more sophisticated satellite, it would not be ready until December. To meet the November deadline, a new simple satellite would need to be built.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a> proposed that a dog be placed in the satellite, an idea which was quickly adopted by planners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChertok2006388_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChertok2006388-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet rocket engineers had long intended a canine orbit before attempting human spaceflight; since 1951, they had lofted 12 dogs into sub-orbital space on ballistic flights, working gradually toward an orbital mission set for some time in 1958. To satisfy Khrushchev's demands, they expedited the orbital canine flight for the November launch.<sup id="cite_ref-AJL_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Russian sources, the official decision to launch Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 was made on 10 or 12 October, leaving less than four weeks to design and build the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-AZ_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2, therefore, was something of a rushed job, with most elements of the spacecraft being constructed from rough sketches. Aside from the primary mission of sending a living passenger into space, Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 also contained instrumentation for measuring <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">solar irradiance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The craft was equipped with a life-support system consisting of an <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen generator">oxygen generator</a> and devices to avoid <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen poisoning">oxygen poisoning</a> and to absorb <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. A fan, designed to activate whenever the cabin temperature exceeded 15 °C (59 °F), was added to keep the dog cool. Enough food (in a gelatinous form) was provided for a seven-day flight, and the dog was fitted with a bag to collect waste. A <a href="/wiki/Dog_harness" title="Dog harness">harness</a> was designed to be fitted to the dog, and there were chains to restrict her movements to standing, sitting, or lying down; there was no room to turn around in the cabin. An <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocardiogram">electrocardiogram</a> monitored heart rate and further instrumentation tracked respiration rate, maximum arterial pressure, and the dog's movements.<sup id="cite_ref-DM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2></div> <p>Laika was found as a <a href="/wiki/Street_dogs_in_Moscow" title="Street dogs in Moscow">stray</a> wandering the streets of Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet scientists chose to use Moscow strays since they assumed that such animals had already learned to endure conditions of extreme cold and hunger.<sup id="cite_ref-AJL_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a 5 kg (11 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-laika_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laika-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">mongrel</a> female, approximately three years old. Another account reported that she weighed about 6 kg (13 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-AJL_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet personnel gave her several names and nicknames, among them <b>Kudryavka</b> (Russian for <i>Little Curly</i>), <b>Zhuchka</b> (<i>Little Bug</i>), and <b>Limonchik</b> (<i>Little Lemon</i>). Laika, the Russian name for several <a href="/wiki/Laika_(dog_breed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laika (dog breed)">breeds of dogs</a> similar to the <a href="/wiki/Husky" title="Husky">husky</a>, was the name popularised around the world. Its literal translation would be "Barker", from the Russian verb "layat" (<i>лаять</i>), "to bark". According to some accounts, the technicians actually renamed her from Kudryavka to Laika due to her loud barking.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American press dubbed her Muttnik (<i><a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">mutt</a></i> + suffix <i><a href="/wiki/-nik" title="-nik">-nik</a></i>) as a pun on <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik program">Sputnik</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or referred to her as <i>Curly</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BL_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her true pedigree is unknown, although it is generally accepted that she was part husky or other Nordic breed, and possibly part <a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">terrier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AJL_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA refers to Laika as a "part-<a href="/wiki/Samoyed_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoyed (dog)">Samoyed</a> terrier".<sup id="cite_ref-Sputnik2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sputnik2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Russian magazine described her temperament as <a href="/wiki/Phlegmatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlegmatic">phlegmatic</a>, saying that she did not quarrel with other dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-laika_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laika-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union and United States had previously sent animals only on <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">sub-orbital</a> flights.<sup id="cite_ref-STO_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three dogs were trained for the Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 flight: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Albina_and_Tsyganka" title="Soviet space dogs">Albina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mushka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushka">Mushka</a>, and Laika.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet space-life scientists <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yazdovsky" title="Vladimir Yazdovsky">Vladimir Yazdovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Gazenko" title="Oleg Gazenko">Oleg Gazenko</a> trained the dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To adapt the dogs to the confines of the tiny cabin of Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2, they were kept in progressively smaller cages for periods of up to twenty days. The extensive close confinement caused them to stop urinating or defecating, made them restless, and caused their general condition to deteriorate. <a href="/wiki/Laxatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxatives">Laxatives</a> did not improve their condition, and the researchers found that only long periods of training proved effective. The dogs were placed in <a href="/wiki/Centrifuge" title="Centrifuge">centrifuges</a> that simulated the acceleration of a rocket launch and were placed in machines that simulated the noises of the spacecraft. This caused their pulses to double and their <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> to increase by 30–65 <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torrs</a> (4.0–8.7 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>). The dogs were trained to eat a special high-nutrition gel that would be their food in space.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten days before the launch, Vladimir Yazdovsky chose Laika to be the primary flight dog.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChertok2006396_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChertok2006396-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the launch, Yazdovsky took Laika home to play with his children. In a book chronicling the story of Soviet space medicine, he wrote, "Laika was quiet and charming<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I wanted to do something nice for her: She had so little time left to live."<sup id="cite_ref-APSTAT_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APSTAT-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preflight_preparations">Preflight preparations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82)1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%291.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>Laika in a mock cockpit</figcaption></figure> <p>Yazdovsky made the final selection of dogs and their designated roles. Laika was to be the "flight dog" – a sacrifice to science on a one-way mission to space.<sup id="cite_ref-russianspaceweb1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianspaceweb1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albina, who had already flown twice on a high-altitude test <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a>, was to act as Laika's backup. The third dog, Mushka, was a "<a href="/wiki/Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">control dog</a>" – she was to stay on the ground and be used to test instrumentation and <a href="/wiki/Life_support" title="Life support">life support</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-STO_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STO-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before leaving for the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, Yazdovsky and Gazenko conducted surgery on the dogs, routing the cables from the transmitters to the sensors that would measure breathing, pulse, and blood pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000173_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000173-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the existing airstrip at <a href="/wiki/Turatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Turatam">Turatam</a> near the cosmodrome was small, the dogs and crew had to be first flown aboard a <a href="/wiki/Tu-104" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-104">Tu‑104</a> plane to <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>. From there, a smaller and lighter <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-14" title="Ilyushin Il-14">Il‑14</a> plane took them to Turatam. Training of dogs continued upon arrival; one after another they were placed in the capsules to get familiar with the feeding system.<sup id="cite_ref-russianspaceweb1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianspaceweb1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> document, Laika was placed in the capsule of the satellite on 31 October 1957 – three days before the start of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time of year, the temperatures at the launch site were extremely low, and a hose connected to a heater was used to keep her container warm. Two assistants were assigned to keep a constant watch on Laika before launch. Just prior to liftoff on 3 November 1957, from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Laika's fur was sponged in a weak <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> solution and carefully groomed, while <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> was painted onto the areas where sensors would be placed to monitor her bodily functions.<sup id="cite_ref-LM_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the technicians preparing the capsule before final lift-off stated: "After placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch, we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage, knowing that she would not survive the flight."<sup id="cite_ref-russianspaceweb1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianspaceweb1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voyage">Voyage</h2></div> <p>Accounts of the time of launch vary from source to source, given as 05:30:42 Moscow Time or 07:22 Moscow Time.<sup id="cite_ref-russianspaceweb1_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianspaceweb1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At peak acceleration, Laika's respiration increased to between three and four times the pre-launch rate.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sensors showed her heart rate was 103 beats/min before launch and increased to 240 beats/min during the early acceleration. After reaching orbit, Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2's <a href="/wiki/Nose_cone" title="Nose cone">nose cone</a> was jettisoned successfully; however, the "Block A" core did not separate as planned, preventing the thermal control system from operating correctly. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> tore loose, raising the cabin temperature to 40 °C (104 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Sputnik2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sputnik2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three hours of <a href="/wiki/Weightlessness" title="Weightlessness">weightlessness</a>, Laika's pulse rate had settled back to 102 beats/min,<sup id="cite_ref-JAP_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAP-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three times longer than it had taken during earlier ground tests, an indication of the stress she was under. The early <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> indicated that Laika was agitated but eating her food.<sup id="cite_ref-Sputnik2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sputnik2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After approximately five to seven hours into the flight, no further signs of life were received from the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-SPUT1_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPUT1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet scientists had planned to euthanise Laika with a serving of poisoned food. For many years, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> gave conflicting statements that she had died either from <a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">asphyxia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Beischer1962_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beischer1962-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the batteries failed, or that she had been euthanised. Many rumours circulated about the exact manner of her death. In 1999, several Russian sources reported that Laika had died when the cabin overheated on the fourth day.<sup id="cite_ref-AZ_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2002, Dimitri Malashenkov, one of the scientists behind the Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 mission, revealed that Laika had died by the fourth circuit<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of flight from overheating. According to a paper he presented to the <a href="/wiki/World_Space_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="World Space Congress">World Space Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a>, "It turned out that it was practically impossible to create a reliable temperature control system in such limited time constraints."<sup id="cite_ref-DM_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over five months later, after 2,570 orbits, Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 (including Laika's remains) disintegrated during re-entry on 14 April 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-MA_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics_of_animal_testing">Ethics of animal testing</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg/170px-Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg/255px-Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg/340px-Opportunity-Laikia-soil-target-sol-400.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>NASA named this soil target on Mars after Laika during the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> mission.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the overshadowing issue of the Soviet–U.S. <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a>, the ethical issues raised by this experiment went largely unaddressed for some time. As newspaper clippings from 1957 show, the press was initially focused on reporting the political perspective, while Laika's health and retrieval – or lack thereof – only became an issue later.<sup id="cite_ref-45YRSLATER_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45YRSLATER-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sputnik 2 was not designed to be retrievable, and it had always been accepted that Laika would die.<sup id="cite_ref-AZ_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission sparked a debate across the globe on the <a href="/wiki/Mistreatment_of_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistreatment of animals">mistreatment of animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a> in general to advance science.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Dogs_Trust" title="Dogs Trust">National Canine Defence League</a> called on all dog owners to observe a minute's silence on each day Laika remained in space, while the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a> (RSPCA) received protests even before <a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a> had finished announcing the launch. <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a> groups at the time called on members of the public to protest at Soviet embassies.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCold_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCold-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others demonstrated outside the United Nations in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laboratory researchers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> offered some support for the Soviets, at least before the news of Laika's death.<sup id="cite_ref-NLM_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLM-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSMR_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSMR-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Soviet Union, there was less controversy. Neither the media, books in the following years, nor the public openly questioned the decision to send a dog into space. In 1998, after the collapse of the Soviet regime, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Gazenko" title="Oleg Gazenko">Oleg Gazenko</a>, one of the scientists responsible for sending Laika into space, expressed regret for allowing her to die: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Work with animals is a source of suffering to all of us. We treat them like babies who cannot speak. The more time passes, the more I'm sorry about it. We shouldn't have done it<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] We did not learn enough from this mission to justify the death of the dog.<sup id="cite_ref-MA_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45YRSLATER_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45YRSLATER-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In other <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> countries, open criticism of the Soviet space program was difficult because of political censorship, but there were notable cases of criticism in Polish scientific circles. A Polish scientific periodical, <i>Kto, Kiedy, Dlaczego</i> ("Who, When, Why"), published in 1958, discussed the mission of Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2. In the periodical's section dedicated to astronautics, <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Boru%C5%84" title="Krzysztof Boruń">Krzysztof Boruń</a> described the Sputnik<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 mission as "regrettable" and criticised not bringing Laika back to Earth alive as "undoubtedly a great loss for science".<sup id="cite_ref-KKD_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKD-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg/220px-Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg/330px-Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg/440px-Posta_Romana_-_1959_-_Laika_120_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>"Laika, first traveller into cosmos" stamp issued by <a href="/wiki/Po%C8%99ta_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Poșta Română">Poșta Română</a> in 1957</figcaption></figure> <p>Laika is memorialised in the form of a statue and plaque at <a href="/wiki/Star_City,_Russia" title="Star City, Russia">Star City</a>, the Russian Cosmonaut training facility.<sup id="cite_ref-redOrbit_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redOrbit-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Created in 1997, Laika is positioned behind the cosmonauts with her ears erect.<sup id="cite_ref-redOrbit_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redOrbit-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space" title="Monument to the Conquerors of Space">Monument to the Conquerors of Space</a> in Moscow, constructed in 1964, also includes Laika.<sup id="cite_ref-Telstar_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telstar-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 April 2008<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the military research facility where staff had been responsible for readying Laika for the flight, officials unveiled a monument of her poised on top of a space rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-RussiaOpensMonument_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RussiaOpensMonument-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stamps and envelopes picturing Laika were produced, as well as branded cigarettes and matches.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Future space missions carrying dogs would be designed to be recovered; the first successful recovery followed the flight of <a href="/wiki/Korabl-Sputnik_2" title="Korabl-Sputnik 2">Korabl-Sputnik 2</a>, wherein the dogs <a href="/wiki/Belka_and_Strelka" title="Belka and Strelka">Belka and Strelka</a>, alongside dozens of other organisms, safely returned to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, four other dogs later died in Soviet space missions: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Bars_and_Lisichka" title="Soviet space dogs">Bars and Lisichka</a> were killed when their R‑7 rocket exploded shortly after launch on 28 July 1960,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000252_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000252-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Pchyolka_and_Mushka" title="Soviet space dogs">Pchyolka and Mushka</a> died when <a href="/wiki/Korabl-Sputnik_3" title="Korabl-Sputnik 3">Korabl-Sputnik 3</a> suffered an emergency and had to be detonated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000259_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000259-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Norwegian singer <a href="/wiki/Emmy_(Norwegian_singer)" title="Emmy (Norwegian singer)">Emmy</a> released a song in 2025 titled "<a href="/wiki/Laika_Party" title="Laika Party">Laika Party</a>" to compete in the <a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025#Eurosong_2025" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025">Irish <i>Eurosong</i> selection</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2025">2025 Eurovision Song Contest</a>. The song tells a story about the singer wishing that Laika had never died and was living happily in space. Emmy won the selection and went on to represent Ireland at the contest that year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The satellite's orbit had a period of 103.7 minutes.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RussiaOpensMonument-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RussiaOpensMonument_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telstarlogistics.typepad.com/telstarlogistics/2008/04/russia-remember.html">"A New Monument for Laika, Russia's Heroic Space Dog"</a>, 11 April 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016172327/http://telstarlogistics.typepad.com/telstarlogistics/2008/04/russia-remember.html">archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+New+Monument+for+Laika%2C+Russia%27s+Heroic+Space+Dog&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelstarlogistics.typepad.com%2Ftelstarlogistics%2F2008%2F04%2Frussia-remember.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/laika-monument">"Laika Monument"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203064427/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/laika-monument">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Laika+Monument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Flaika-monument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/magazine-41901604/the-dog-that-orbited-the-earth">"The dog that orbited the Earth"</a>. <i>Witness</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> Magazine. 8 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726224459/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/magazine-41901604/the-dog-that-orbited-the-earth">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Witness&rft.atitle=The+dog+that+orbited+the+Earth&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fmagazine-41901604%2Fthe-dog-that-orbited-the-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgiou2019" class="citation web cs1">Georgiou, Aristos (3 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/laika-dog-all-animals-space-1469393">"Laika the dog: These are all the animals that have been into space"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103234513/https://www.newsweek.com/laika-dog-all-animals-space-1469393">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Laika+the+dog%3A+These+are+all+the+animals+that+have+been+into+space&rft.date=2019-11-03&rft.aulast=Georgiou&rft.aufirst=Aristos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Flaika-dog-all-animals-space-1469393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000252-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000252_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiddiqi2000">Siddiqi (2000)</a>, p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000259-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqi2000259_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiddiqi2000">Siddiqi (2000)</a>, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2025/0207/1495283-emmy-to-represent-ireland-at-eurovision-2025/">"Norwegian singer EMMY to represent Ireland at Eurovision 2025"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a></i>. 7 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Norwegian+singer+EMMY+to+represent+Ireland+at+Eurovision+2025&rft.date=2025-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fentertainment%2F2025%2F0207%2F1495283-emmy-to-represent-ireland-at-eurovision-2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2009" class="citation cs2">Dickson, Paul (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhgFUyCOhHcC&pg=PA144"><i>Sputnik: The Shock of the Century</i></a>, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1804-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1804-4"><bdi>978-0-8027-1804-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sputnik%3A+The+Shock+of+the+Century&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8027-1804-4&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZhgFUyCOhHcC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Azam_Siddiqi" title="Asif Azam Siddiqi">Siddiqi, Asif. A.</a> (2000), <i>Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974</i>, NASA</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenge+to+Apollo%3A+The+Soviet+Union+and+the+Space+Race%2C+1945%E2%80%931974&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span> SP-2000-4408. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf">Part 1 (page 1-500)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916023444/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf">Archived</a> 16 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt2.pdf">Part 2 (page 501-1011)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714111614/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt2.pdf">Archived</a> 14 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChertok2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Chertok" title="Boris Chertok">Chertok, Boris</a> (2006). <i>Rockets and People</i>. Vol. II. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781470015084" title="Special:BookSources/9781470015084"><bdi>9781470015084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rockets+and+People&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781470015084&rft.aulast=Chertok&rft.aufirst=Boris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaika" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Angliss, Sarah and Uttley, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060614193101/http://spacedog.biz/gscfiles/gscgazscript.htm">Science in the Dock: The man who trained the space dogs</a>. Retrieved 28 January 2005.</li> <li>Dubbs, Chris and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Burgess_(author)" title="Colin Burgess (author)">Burgess, Colin</a>. <i>Animals In Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle</i>, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">14</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="820" data-mwtitle="En-Laika.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-Laika.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-Laika.ogg/En-Laika.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Laika.ogg" title="File:En-Laika.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 19 November 2011<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-11-19</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laika" class="extiw" title="commons:Laika">Laika</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Laika" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Laika">Laika</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mentallandscape.com/S_Sputnik.htm">History of Sputnik Missions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831060945/http://astronautix.com/craft/sputnik2.htm">Sputnik 2 at Astronautix</a></li></ul> <div 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Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> <small>(in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a> <small>(defunct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/80px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/120px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/160px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Salyut program">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> <small>(incorporated into Salyut program)</small> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Soyuz-Apollo</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle–Mir Program">Shuttle–Mir</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond (7K-L1)</a> <small>(Moon flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a> <small>(Moon landing)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda</a> <small>(moonbase)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a> <small>(Mars/Venus flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz#Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" title="Military Soyuz">Zvezda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarya (spacecraft)">Zarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> <small>(joint)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnepropetrovsk_Sputnik" title="Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik">Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik</a> (1961–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_programme" title="Prognoz programme">Prognoz</a> (1972–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a> (1958–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a> (1961–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> (1983-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega</a> (1984-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1988-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> (1989-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> (1990-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-DK_No.1" title="Resurs-DK No.1">Resurs-DK No.1</a> (2006-2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS</a> (1994-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> <small>(failed)</small> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> (2011–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(failed)</span> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro%E2%80%93L" title="Elektro–L">Elektro–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-P" title="Resurs-P">Resurs-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik programme">Sputnik</a> (begun 1957) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_41" title="Sputnik 41">Sputnik 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_99" title="Sputnik 99">Sputnik 99</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)">Luch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Deep_Space_Network" title="Soviet Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_(rocket_booster)" title="Baikal (rocket booster)">Baikal-Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-P" title="Mercury-P">Mercury-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(satellite_constellation)" title="Sfera (satellite constellation)">Sfera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts" title="List of cosmonauts">List of cosmonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot-Cosmonaut_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation">Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Soviet space dogs</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belka_and_Strelka" title="Belka and Strelka">Belka and Strelka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Veterok_and_Ugolyok" title="Soviet space dogs">Veterok and Ugolyok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_(Vostok_programme)" title="Ivan Ivanovich (Vostok programme)">Ivan Ivanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_exploration_history_on_Soviet_stamps" title="Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps">Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Alley" title="Cosmonauts Alley">Cosmonauts Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space" title="Monument to the Conquerors of Space">Monument to the Conquerors of Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Present" title="Out of the Present">Out of the Present</a></i> (1995 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_Mir" title="Mission to Mir">Mission to Mir</a></i> (1997 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Russian Aerospace Defence Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1011" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1011" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53662#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2022018684">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb177379871">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb177379871">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007595351905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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