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class="mw-page-title-main">Salted bomb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_salada" title="Bomba salada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bomba salada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salted_Bomb" title="Salted Bomb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salted Bomb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_salada" title="Bomba salada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bomba salada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombe_sal%C3%A9e" title="Bombe salée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bombe salée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%AA" title="פצצה מומלחת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פצצה מומלחת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_salada" title="Bomba salada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bomba salada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of nuclear weapon</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Dirty_bomb" title="Dirty bomb">Dirty bomb</a>.</div> <p>A <b>salted bomb</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a> designed to function as a <a href="/wiki/Radiological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiological weapon">radiological weapon</a> by producing larger quantities of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_fallout" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive fallout">radioactive fallout</a> than unsalted nuclear arms. This fallout can render a large area uninhabitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is derived both from the means of their manufacture, which involves the incorporation of additional elements to a standard atomic weapon, and from the expression "to <a href="/wiki/Salting_the_earth" title="Salting the earth">salt the earth</a>", meaning to render an area uninhabitable for generations. The idea originated with Hungarian-American physicist <a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a>, in February 1950. His intent was not to propose that such a weapon be built, but to show that nuclear weapon technology would soon reach the point where it could end human life on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No intentionally salted bomb has ever been atmospherically tested, and as far as is publicly known, none has ever been built.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the UK tested a one-<a href="/wiki/Kiloton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloton">kiloton</a> bomb incorporating a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> as an experimental <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_tracer" title="Radioactive tracer">radiochemical tracer</a> at their <a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga" title="British nuclear tests at Maralinga">Tadje</a> testing site in <a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga" title="British nuclear tests at Maralinga">Maralinga</a> range, Australia, on September 14, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian triple "<a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design#Clean_bombs" title="Nuclear weapon design">taiga</a>" nuclear salvo test, as part of the preliminary March 1971 <a href="/wiki/Pechora%E2%80%93Kama_Canal" title="Pechora–Kama Canal">Pechora–Kama Canal</a> project, converted significant amounts of stable <a href="/wiki/Cobalt-59" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt-59">cobalt-59</a> to radioactive <a href="/wiki/Cobalt-60" title="Cobalt-60">cobalt-60</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neutron_activation" title="Neutron activation">fusion-generated neutron activation</a> and this product is responsible for about half of the gamma dose measured at the test site in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experiment was regarded as a failure and was not repeated.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A salted bomb should not be confused with a "<a href="/wiki/Dirty_bomb" title="Dirty bomb">dirty bomb</a>", which is an ordinary explosive bomb containing radioactive material which is spread over the area when the bomb explodes. A salted bomb is capable of megatons of explosive force, which can contaminate a far larger area with far more radioactive material than even the largest practicable dirty bomb. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salted versions of both <a href="/wiki/Fission_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission bomb">fission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bomb">fusion weapons</a> can be made by surrounding the core of the explosive device with a material containing an element that can be converted to a highly <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive isotope">radioactive isotope</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> bombardment.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the bomb explodes, the element absorbs neutrons released by the nuclear reaction, converting it to its radioactive form. The explosion scatters the resulting radioactive material over a wide area, leaving it uninhabitable far longer than an area affected by typical nuclear weapons. In a salted <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bomb">hydrogen bomb</a>, the radiation case around the <a href="/wiki/Lithium_deuteride" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium deuteride">fusion fuel</a>, which normally is made of some <a href="/wiki/Fissionable" class="mw-redirect" title="Fissionable">fissionable</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a>, is replaced with a metallic salting element. Salted fission bombs can be made by replacing the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_reflector" title="Neutron reflector">neutron reflector</a> between the fissionable core and the explosive layer with a metallic element. The energy <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_yield" title="Nuclear weapon yield">yield</a> from a salted weapon is usually lower than from an ordinary weapon of similar size as a consequence of these changes. </p><p>The radioactive isotope used for the fallout material would be a high-intensity <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a> emitter, with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> long enough that it remains lethal for an extended period. It would also have to have a chemistry that causes it to return to earth as fallout, rather than stay in the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> after being vaporized in the explosion. Another consideration is biological: radioactive isotopes of elements normally taken up by plants and animals as nutrition would pose a special threat to organisms that absorbed them, as their radiation would be delivered from within the body of the organism. </p><p>Radioactive isotopes that have been suggested for salted bombs include <a href="/wiki/Gold-198" title="Gold-198">gold-198</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantalum-182" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum-182">tantalum-182</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc-65" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc-65">zinc-65</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cobalt-60" title="Cobalt-60">cobalt-60</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sublette_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium" title="Isotopes of sodium">Sodium-23</a>, the only stable isotope, has also been proposed as a casing for a salted bomb. <a href="/wiki/Neutron_flux" title="Neutron flux">Neutron flux</a> would activate it to <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">24</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Na</span>, which would produce intense gamma-ray emissions for <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">several days</a> after the detonation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physicist W. H. Clark looked at the potential of such devices and estimated that a 20 <a href="/wiki/Megatonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Megatonne">megaton</a> bomb salted with <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> would generate sufficient radiation to contaminate 200,000 square miles (520,000 km<sup>2</sup>) (an area that is <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">slightly larger than Spain or Thailand, though smaller than France</a>). Given the intensity of the <a href="/wiki/Gamma_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma radiation">gamma radiation</a>, not even those in basement shelters could survive within the fallout zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the short half-life of <a href="/wiki/Sodium-24" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium-24">sodium-24</a> (15 h)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> would mean that the radiation would not spread far enough to be a true <a href="/wiki/Doomsday_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Doomsday weapon">doomsday weapon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt bomb</a> was first suggested by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a> in 1950. He publicly sounded the alarm against the possible development of salted thermonuclear bombs capable of annihilating mankind on a University of Chicago Round Table radio program.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His comments, as well as those of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Brown" title="Harrison Brown">Harrison Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> (the three other scientists who participated in the program), were attacked by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>'s former Chairman <a href="/wiki/David_Lilienthal" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lilienthal">David Lilienthal</a>, and the criticisms plus a response from Szilard were published.<sup id="cite_ref-Radio_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radio-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> compared Szilard to <a href="/wiki/Chicken_Little" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken Little">Chicken Little</a> while the AEC dismissed his ideas, but scientists debated whether it was feasible or not.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i> commissioned a study by <a href="/wiki/James_R._Arnold" title="James R. Arnold">James R. Arnold</a>, who concluded that it was.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1961 essay, Clark suggested that a 50 megaton <a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt bomb</a> did have the potential to produce sufficient long-lasting radiation to be a doomsday weapon, in theory, but was of the view that, even then, "enough people might find refuge to wait out the radioactivity and emerge to begin again."<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Shute" title="Nevil Shute">Nevil Shute</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(novel)" title="On the Beach (novel)">On the Beach</a></i> (1957), cobalt bombs are mentioned as the cause of the lethal radioactivity that is approaching Australia. The cobalt bomb was a symbol of man's hubris.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Fear_(1959_film)" title="City of Fear (1959 film)">City of Fear</a></i> (1959), an escaped convict from <a href="/wiki/San_Quentin_State_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="San Quentin State Prison">San Quentin State Prison</a> steals a canister of cobalt-60, thinking it contains drugs. He flees to Los Angeles to pawn it, not knowing it could kill him and possibly contaminate the city.</li> <li>In the dark comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove,_or:_How_I_Learned_to_Stop_Worrying_and_Love_the_Bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Strangelove, or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb">Dr. Strangelove, or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb</a></i> (1964), a type of cobalt-salted bomb is employed, specifically utilizing a composite called 'Cobalt-Thorium G' with a <a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand_(nuclear_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Hand (nuclear war)">Dead Hand</a> mechanism, by the Soviet Union as a '<a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">doomsday device</a>' nuclear deterrent: if the system detects any nuclear attack, the doomsday device will be automatically unleashed. With unfortunate timing, a deranged American general mutinies and orders an attack on the USSR before the Soviet secret device, already activated, was unveiled to the world. One American bomber piloted by a hapless and unknowing crew gets through to their target; the Dead Hand mechanism works as designed and initiates a worldwide nuclear holocaust. In the film, the Soviet Ambassador says, "If you take, say, fifty H-bombs in the hundred megaton range and jacket them with Cobalt-Thorium G, when they are exploded they will produce a doomsday shroud. A lethal cloud of radioactivity which will encircle the earth for ninety-three years!"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)" title="Goldfinger (film)">Goldfinger</a></i> (1964), the title character informs Bond he intends to set off a "particularly dirty" atomic device using "cobalt and <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bullion_Depository" title="United States Bullion Depository">U.S. Bullion Depository</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a> as part of Operation Grand Slam, a scheme intended to contaminate the gold at Fort Knox to increase value of the gold he has been stockpiling.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a>'s 1965 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Novel" title="Hugo Award for Best Novel">Hugo Award</a>–winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/This_Immortal" title="This Immortal">This Immortal</a></i>, Earth has suffered a nuclear war many decades ago and some areas still suffer high radiation levels from cobalt bombs, leading to drastic mutations and ecological changes.</li> <li>In the fourth act of the classic <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series"><i>Star Trek</i></a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Obsession_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="Obsession (Star Trek: The Original Series)">Obsession</a>" (1967), Ensign Garrovick refers to 10,000 cobalt bombs not equaling the power of less than one ounce of <a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">antimatter</a>.</li> <li>The protagonist in <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kavan" title="Anna Kavan">Anna Kavan</a>’s science fiction masterwork <a href="/wiki/Ice_(Kavan_novel)" title="Ice (Kavan novel)">Ice (Kavan novel)</a> (1967) speculates about the existence of a “self-detonating cobalt bomb” that will hasten the destruction of civilisation.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Beneath_the_Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Beneath the Planet of the Apes">Beneath the Planet of the Apes</a></i> (1970) the main character, upon seeing that an underground <a href="/wiki/Mutant" title="Mutant">mutant</a> community worship a doomsday bomb, comments "They finally built one with a cobalt casing" in reference to a cobalt bomb that could wipe out the world. After astronauts Brent and Taylor are shot by an invading army of apes, Taylor's dying act is to detonate the doomsday bomb, obliterating all life on fortieth century Earth.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy" title="Tom Clancy">Tom Clancy</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sum_of_All_Fears" title="The Sum of All Fears">The Sum of All Fears</a></i> (1991) it is noted that <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> tactical nuclear bombs can optionally be fitted with cobalt jackets "to poison a landscape to all kinds of life for years to come".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_Exodus" title="Metro Exodus">Metro Exodus</a></i> (2019), the player visits the Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> which was hit with at least one cobalt warhead during a worldwide nuclear war in the year 2013, resulting in catastrophic levels of radiation, and is the most irradiated area visited in the three <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_(franchise)" title="Metro (franchise)">Metro</a></i> games.</li> <li>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit:_Become_Human" title="Detroit: Become Human">Detroit: Become Human</a></i> (2018), the player has the option of detonating an improvised cobalt bomb during certain endings of the game. The detonation of the bomb results in humans evacuating the now-irradiated city of Detroit and the area 50 miles around, though promising to retake it from the androids in the future. Depending on the player's actions, the city is left empty or the androids claim it for their own.</li> <li>In a two-part episode of the TV show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bionic_Woman" title="The Bionic Woman">The Bionic Woman</a></i>, "Doomsday Is Tomorrow", a cobalt bomb, dubbed by its creator as "the most diabolical instrument of destruction ever conceived by man," is used as a trigger for a more powerful weapon that can render the world lifeless.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Fallout_(franchise)" title="Fallout (franchise)">Fallout</a></i> video game series is set in a post-<a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">nuclear holocaust</a> United States. The nuclear weapons in the series bear more resemblance to salted bombs than standard nuclear weapons, sacrificing explosive yield for radiological yield.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail-deadly" title="Fail-deadly">Fail-deadly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sublette-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sublette_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSublette1998" class="citation web cs1">Sublette, Carey (May 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq1.html#nfaq1.6">"Types of Nuclear Weapons – Cobalt Bombs and Other Salted Bombs"</a>. <i>Nuclear Weapons Archive Frequently Asked Questions</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928225008/http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq1.html#nfaq1.6">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Weapons+Archive+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.atitle=Types+of+Nuclear+Weapons+%26ndash%3B+Cobalt+Bombs+and+Other+Salted+Bombs&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.aulast=Sublette&rft.aufirst=Carey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuclearweaponarchive.org%2FNwfaq%2FNfaq1.html%23nfaq1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSublette2007" class="citation web cs1">Sublette, Carey (August 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Uk/UKTesting.html">"British Nuclear Testing"</a>. <i>Nuclear Weapons Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518044432/http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Uk/UKTesting.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Weapons+Archive&rft.atitle=British+Nuclear+Testing&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft.aulast=Sublette&rft.aufirst=Carey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuclearweaponarchive.org%2FUk%2FUKTesting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamzaevRepinMedvedevKhramtsov2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. (2011). "Radiological investigations at the "Taiga" nuclear explosion site: Site description and <i>in situ</i> measurements". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Environmental_Radioactivity" title="Journal of Environmental Radioactivity">Journal of Environmental Radioactivity</a></i>. <b>102</b> (7): 672–680. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JEnvR.102..672R">2011JEnvR.102..672R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvrad.2011.04.003">10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21524834">21524834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity&rft.atitle=Radiological+investigations+at+the+%22Taiga%22+nuclear+explosion+site%3A+Site+description+and+in+situ+measurements&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=672-680&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21524834&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jenvrad.2011.04.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JEnvR.102..672R&rft.aulast=Ramzaev&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Repin%2C+V.&rft.au=Medvedev%2C+A.&rft.au=Khramtsov%2C+E.&rft.au=Timofeeva%2C+M.&rft.au=Yakovlev%2C+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamzaevRepinMedvedevKhramtsov2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ramzaev, V.; Repin, V.; Medvedev, A.; Khramtsov, E.; Timofeeva, M.; Yakovlev, V. 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November 24, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314102436/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828877,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Science%3A+fy+for+Doomsday&rft.date=1961-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C828877%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1961" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, W. H. (1961). "Chemical and Thermonuclear Explosives". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i>. <b>17</b> (9): 356–360. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961BuAtS..17i.356C">1961BuAtS..17i.356C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1961.11454268">10.1080/00963402.1961.11454268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+Thermonuclear+Explosives&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=356-360&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1961.11454268&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961BuAtS..17i.356C&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clark_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1961" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, W. 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G.; Wang, Meng; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. 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November 24, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314102436/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,828877,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Science%3A+fy+for+Doomsday&rft.date=1961-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C828877%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanouetteSilard1992" class="citation book cs1">Lanouette, William; Silard, Bela A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geniusinshadowsa00lano/page/317"><i>Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, The Man Behind The Bomb</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/C._Scribner%27s_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Scribner's Sons">C. Scribner's Sons</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geniusinshadowsa00lano/page/317">317, 366</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684190112" title="Special:BookSources/9780684190112"><bdi>9780684190112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genius+in+the+Shadows%3A+A+Biography+of+Leo+Szilard%2C+The+Man+Behind+The+Bomb&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=317%2C+366&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780684190112&rft.aulast=Lanouette&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Silard%2C+Bela+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeniusinshadowsa00lano%2Fpage%2F317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radio-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetheBrownSeitzSzilard1950" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe, Hans</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Brown" title="Harrison Brown">Brown, Harrison</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Seitz, Frederick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Szilard, Leo</a> (1950). "The Facts About the Hydrogen Bomb". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i>. <b>6</b> (4): 106–109. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950BuAtS...6d.106B">1950BuAtS...6d.106B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1950.11461233">10.1080/00963402.1950.11461233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=The+Facts+About+the+Hydrogen+Bomb&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=106-109&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1950.11461233&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1950BuAtS...6d.106B&rft.aulast=Bethe&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Brown%2C+Harrison&rft.au=Seitz%2C+Frederick&rft.au=Szilard%2C+Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1950" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Arnold" title="James R. Arnold">Arnold, James R.</a> (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q0AAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA289">"The Hydrogen-Cobalt Bomb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i>. <b>6</b> (10): 290–292. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950BuAtS...6j.290A">1950BuAtS...6j.290A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1950.11461290">10.1080/00963402.1950.11461290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=The+Hydrogen-Cobalt+Bomb&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=290-292&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1950.11461290&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1950BuAtS...6j.290A&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Q0AAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation news cs1">Smith, P. D. (25 September 2008). "Doomsday Men: The Real Dr Strangelove and the Dream of the Superweapon". Penguin UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Doomsday+Men%3A+The+Real+Dr+Strangelove+and+the+Dream+of+the+Superweapon&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuberski2012" class="citation book cs1">Kuberski, Philip (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRj7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129"><i>Kubrick's Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441149565" title="Special:BookSources/9781441149565"><bdi>9781441149565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kubrick%27s+Total+Cinema%3A+Philosophical+Themes+and+Formal+Qualities&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781441149565&rft.aulast=Kuberski&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRj7AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencebydegrees.com/2018/02/21/no-mr-bond-i-dont-know-about-radioactivity/">"No Mr Bond, I don't know about anything radioactivity"</a>. <i>Science by degrees</i>. 2018-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excerpt+from+The+Sum+of+All+Fears&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.ca%2Fbooks%2F335003%2Fthe-sum-of-all-fears-by-tom-clancy%2F9780451489814%2Fexcerpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalted+bomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&oldid=1254921674">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salted_bomb&oldid=1254921674</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_weapons" title="Category:Nuclear weapons">Nuclear weapons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radiological_weapons" title="Category:Radiological weapons">Radiological weapons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 09:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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