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class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58067261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishing_Gears"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/SNetherton","location":"/SNetherton","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/SNetherton","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Fishing Gears"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-b246ccc7-fc09-4100-b74b-4e719ec5c275"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-b246ccc7-fc09-4100-b74b-4e719ec5c275"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58067261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_rate"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Growth rate"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-be3d0c1f-4eb2-42ac-8cd8-78cad78de8aa"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-be3d0c1f-4eb2-42ac-8cd8-78cad78de8aa"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58067261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Foraging ecology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-dd7825be-ae68-4e75-a0e2-d05eef2fcb69"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-dd7825be-ae68-4e75-a0e2-d05eef2fcb69"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58067261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_fisheries"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Sustainable fisheries"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-43e6ea20-4752-4002-b030-1511e83be0e3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-43e6ea20-4752-4002-b030-1511e83be0e3"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58067261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fishes"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Fishes"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-c6b0a718-0593-42a5-b88a-0add0047c544"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-c6b0a718-0593-42a5-b88a-0add0047c544"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Sarah Netherton</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30449599"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449599/Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449599/Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals">Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone">Neil Blackstone</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://niu.academia.edu/LoriBross">Lori Bross</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNetherton">Sarah Netherton</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Biological bulletin</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidari...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidarians, octocorals are susceptible to a stress response and subsequent &quot;bleaching,&quot; which typically involves the loss of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. Studies of bleaching often focus on hexacorals, including sea anemones and scleractinians. The extent to which these results can be generalized to octocorals remains unclear. Bleaching was examined using two representative species of the Holaxonia-Alcyoniina clade of alcyonacean octocorals, Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. Remarkably, colonies of both species showed the same pattern in response to perturbation: symbionts in the polyps detach or die, leaving the polyps entirely bleached, yet at the same time large numbers of symbionts accumulate in the stolons. These symbionts are contained in host cells, many of which appear to attach to the stolon tissue. A comparison of living and fixed specimens suggests that thes...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30449599"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30449599"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449599; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449599]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449599; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30449599']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30449599, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30449599]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30449599,"title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. 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A comparison of living and fixed specimens suggests that thes...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Biological bulletin"},"translated_abstract":"Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidarians, octocorals are susceptible to a stress response and subsequent \u0026quot;bleaching,\u0026quot; which typically involves the loss of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. Studies of bleaching often focus on hexacorals, including sea anemones and scleractinians. The extent to which these results can be generalized to octocorals remains unclear. Bleaching was examined using two representative species of the Holaxonia-Alcyoniina clade of alcyonacean octocorals, Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. Remarkably, colonies of both species showed the same pattern in response to perturbation: symbionts in the polyps detach or die, leaving the polyps entirely bleached, yet at the same time large numbers of symbionts accumulate in the stolons. These symbionts are contained in host cells, many of which appear to attach to the stolon tissue. 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Cilia are employed in cnidaria...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image analysis, we used stoloniferan octocoral colonies growing on microscope cover glass to quantitatively describe the movement of fluids in this system for the first time. Flow in stolons (diameter ≈300 μm) is simultaneously bidirectional, with average velocities of 100-200 μm/s in each direction. Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. Stolon intersections (diameter ≈500 μm) occur below polyps and serve as traffic r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30449595"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30449595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449595; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449595]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449595; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30449595']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30449595, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30449595]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30449595,"title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image analysis, we used stoloniferan octocoral colonies growing on microscope cover glass to quantitatively describe the movement of fluids in this system for the first time. Flow in stolons (diameter ≈300 μm) is simultaneously bidirectional, with average velocities of 100-200 μm/s in each direction. Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. 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Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. 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Densitometry and visual inspection indicated that polyps bleached while stolons did not. When migration was triggered by temperature, light and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light (due to the effects of perturbation on photosynthesis and respiration) and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark (due to the effects of perturbation on respiration alone). Colonies of P. parrini, by contrast, showed no significant changes in either aspect of oxygen metabolism. When migration was triggered by light and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. showed decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark, while colonies of P. parrini maintained the former and increased the latter. During symbiont migration into their stolons, colonies of both species showed dramatic increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as visualized with a fluorescent probe, with stolons of Sarcothelia sp. exhibiting a nearly immediate increase of ROS. Differences in symbiont type may explain the greater sensitivity of colonies of Sarcothelia sp. Using fluorescent probes, direct measurements of migrating symbionts in the stolons of Sarcothelia sp. showed higher levels of reactive nitrogen species and lower levels of ROS than the surrounding host tissue. As measured by native fluorescence, levels of NAD(P)H in the stolons were unaffected by perturbation. Symbiont migration thus correlates with dramatic physiological changes and may serve as a marker for coral condition.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":50891102},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30449591/Physiological_correlates_of_symbiont_migration_during_bleaching_of_two_octocoral_species","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:16:54.416-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":58048398,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":26606204,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":5860507,"email":"z***1@students.niu.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Patrick Morrison","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26606213,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58067261,"co_author_invite_id":5860509,"email":"s***2@illinois.edu","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sarah Netherton","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26606227,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":40274161,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***n@gmail.com","display_order":6291456,"name":"Austin Parrin","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26666600,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4719352,"email":"d***r@umich.edu","display_order":7340032,"name":"D. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6299083" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30449599"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449599/Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449599/Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals">Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone">Neil Blackstone</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://niu.academia.edu/LoriBross">Lori Bross</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNetherton">Sarah Netherton</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Biological bulletin</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidari...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidarians, octocorals are susceptible to a stress response and subsequent &quot;bleaching,&quot; which typically involves the loss of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. Studies of bleaching often focus on hexacorals, including sea anemones and scleractinians. The extent to which these results can be generalized to octocorals remains unclear. Bleaching was examined using two representative species of the Holaxonia-Alcyoniina clade of alcyonacean octocorals, Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. Remarkably, colonies of both species showed the same pattern in response to perturbation: symbionts in the polyps detach or die, leaving the polyps entirely bleached, yet at the same time large numbers of symbionts accumulate in the stolons. These symbionts are contained in host cells, many of which appear to attach to the stolon tissue. A comparison of living and fixed specimens suggests that thes...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30449599"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30449599"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449599; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449599]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449599; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30449599']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30449599, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30449599]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30449599,"title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidarians, octocorals are susceptible to a stress response and subsequent \u0026quot;bleaching,\u0026quot; which typically involves the loss of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. Studies of bleaching often focus on hexacorals, including sea anemones and scleractinians. The extent to which these results can be generalized to octocorals remains unclear. Bleaching was examined using two representative species of the Holaxonia-Alcyoniina clade of alcyonacean octocorals, Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. Remarkably, colonies of both species showed the same pattern in response to perturbation: symbionts in the polyps detach or die, leaving the polyps entirely bleached, yet at the same time large numbers of symbionts accumulate in the stolons. These symbionts are contained in host cells, many of which appear to attach to the stolon tissue. A comparison of living and fixed specimens suggests that thes...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Biological bulletin"},"translated_abstract":"Octocorals compose a major part of cnidarian diversity. As with other symbiont-containing cnidarians, octocorals are susceptible to a stress response and subsequent \u0026quot;bleaching,\u0026quot; which typically involves the loss of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. Studies of bleaching often focus on hexacorals, including sea anemones and scleractinians. The extent to which these results can be generalized to octocorals remains unclear. Bleaching was examined using two representative species of the Holaxonia-Alcyoniina clade of alcyonacean octocorals, Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. Remarkably, colonies of both species showed the same pattern in response to perturbation: symbionts in the polyps detach or die, leaving the polyps entirely bleached, yet at the same time large numbers of symbionts accumulate in the stolons. These symbionts are contained in host cells, many of which appear to attach to the stolon tissue. A comparison of living and fixed specimens suggests that thes...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30449599/Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:16:55.498-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":58048398,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":26606202,"work_id":30449599,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":5860506,"email":"k***1@niu.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Katherine Harmata","title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals"},{"id":26606207,"work_id":30449599,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58056980,"co_author_invite_id":5860508,"email":"l***s@niu.edu","affiliation":"Northern Illinois University","display_order":4194304,"name":"Lori Bross","title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals"},{"id":26606212,"work_id":30449599,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58067261,"co_author_invite_id":5860509,"email":"s***2@illinois.edu","display_order":6291456,"name":"Sarah Netherton","title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals"},{"id":26606215,"work_id":30449599,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":5860510,"email":"m***1@niu.edu","display_order":7340032,"name":"Mark Yaeger","title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals"},{"id":26606226,"work_id":30449599,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":40274161,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***n@gmail.com","display_order":7864320,"name":"Austin Parrin","title":"Within-colony migration of symbionts during bleaching of octocorals"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Within_colony_migration_of_symbionts_during_bleaching_of_octocorals","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":58048398,"first_name":"Neil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Blackstone","page_name":"NeilBlackstone","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:15:58.109-08:00","display_name":"Neil Blackstone","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis"},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":77753,"name":"Anthozoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthozoa"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30449595"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449595/Circulation_of_fluids_in_the_gastrovascular_system_of_a_stoloniferan_octocoral"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449595/Circulation_of_fluids_in_the_gastrovascular_system_of_a_stoloniferan_octocoral">Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://niu.academia.edu/LoriBross">Lori Bross</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone">Neil Blackstone</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNetherton">Sarah Netherton</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Biological bulletin</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidaria...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image analysis, we used stoloniferan octocoral colonies growing on microscope cover glass to quantitatively describe the movement of fluids in this system for the first time. Flow in stolons (diameter ≈300 μm) is simultaneously bidirectional, with average velocities of 100-200 μm/s in each direction. Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. Stolon intersections (diameter ≈500 μm) occur below polyps and serve as traffic r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30449595"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30449595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449595; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30449595]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449595; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30449595']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30449595, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30449595]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30449595,"title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image analysis, we used stoloniferan octocoral colonies growing on microscope cover glass to quantitatively describe the movement of fluids in this system for the first time. Flow in stolons (diameter ≈300 μm) is simultaneously bidirectional, with average velocities of 100-200 μm/s in each direction. Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. Stolon intersections (diameter ≈500 μm) occur below polyps and serve as traffic r...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Biological bulletin"},"translated_abstract":"Cilia-based transport systems characterize sponges and placozoans. Cilia are employed in cnidarian gastrovascular systems as well, but typically function in concert with muscular contractions. Previous reports suggest that anthozoans may be an exception to this pattern, utilizing only cilia in their gastrovascular systems. With an inverted microscope and digital image analysis, we used stoloniferan octocoral colonies growing on microscope cover glass to quantitatively describe the movement of fluids in this system for the first time. Flow in stolons (diameter ≈300 μm) is simultaneously bidirectional, with average velocities of 100-200 μm/s in each direction. Velocities are maximal immediately adjacent to the stolon wall and decrease to a minimum in the center of the stolon. Flow velocity is unaffected by stolonal contractions, suggesting that muscular peristalsis is not a factor in propelling the flow. Stolon intersections (diameter ≈500 μm) occur below polyps and serve as traffic r...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30449595/Circulation_of_fluids_in_the_gastrovascular_system_of_a_stoloniferan_octocoral","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:16:55.023-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":58048398,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":26606209,"work_id":30449595,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58056980,"co_author_invite_id":5860508,"email":"l***s@niu.edu","affiliation":"Northern Illinois University","display_order":0,"name":"Lori Bross","title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral"},{"id":26606214,"work_id":30449595,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58067261,"co_author_invite_id":5860509,"email":"s***2@illinois.edu","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sarah Netherton","title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral"},{"id":26606221,"work_id":30449595,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":316421596,"co_author_invite_id":4440561,"email":"m***n@g.hmc.edu","display_order":6291456,"name":"Catherine McFadden","title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral"},{"id":26606228,"work_id":30449595,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":40274161,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***n@gmail.com","display_order":7340032,"name":"Austin Parrin","title":"Circulation of fluids in the gastrovascular system of a stoloniferan octocoral"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Circulation_of_fluids_in_the_gastrovascular_system_of_a_stoloniferan_octocoral","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":58048398,"first_name":"Neil","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Blackstone","page_name":"NeilBlackstone","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:15:58.109-08:00","display_name":"Neil Blackstone","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":77753,"name":"Anthozoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthozoa"},{"id":711614,"name":"Cilia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cilia"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30449591"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449591/Physiological_correlates_of_symbiont_migration_during_bleaching_of_two_octocoral_species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50891102/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449591/Physiological_correlates_of_symbiont_migration_during_bleaching_of_two_octocoral_species">Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBlackstone">Neil Blackstone</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNetherton">Sarah Netherton</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Experimental Biology</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc63380bf25758446b44ed16ac050030" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50891102,"asset_id":30449591,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50891102/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc0NTAyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30449591"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30449591"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30449591; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc63380bf25758446b44ed16ac050030" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30449591]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30449591,"title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Perturbed colonies of Phenganax parrini and Sarcothelia sp. exhibit migration of symbionts of Symbiodinium spp. into the stolons. Densitometry and visual inspection indicated that polyps bleached while stolons did not. When migration was triggered by temperature, light and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light (due to the effects of perturbation on photosynthesis and respiration) and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark (due to the effects of perturbation on respiration alone). Colonies of P. parrini, by contrast, showed no significant changes in either aspect of oxygen metabolism. When migration was triggered by light and confinement, colonies of Sarcothelia sp. showed decreased rates of oxygen formation in the light and increased rates of oxygen uptake in the dark, while colonies of P. parrini maintained the former and increased the latter. During symbiont migration into their stolons, colonies of both species showed dramatic increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as visualized with a fluorescent probe, with stolons of Sarcothelia sp. exhibiting a nearly immediate increase of ROS. Differences in symbiont type may explain the greater sensitivity of colonies of Sarcothelia sp. Using fluorescent probes, direct measurements of migrating symbionts in the stolons of Sarcothelia sp. showed higher levels of reactive nitrogen species and lower levels of ROS than the surrounding host tissue. As measured by native fluorescence, levels of NAD(P)H in the stolons were unaffected by perturbation. Symbiont migration thus correlates with dramatic physiological changes and may serve as a marker for coral condition.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":50891102},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30449591/Physiological_correlates_of_symbiont_migration_during_bleaching_of_two_octocoral_species","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-12-14T16:16:54.416-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":58048398,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":26606204,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":5860507,"email":"z***1@students.niu.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Patrick Morrison","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26606213,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":58067261,"co_author_invite_id":5860509,"email":"s***2@illinois.edu","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sarah Netherton","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26606227,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":40274161,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***n@gmail.com","display_order":6291456,"name":"Austin Parrin","title":"Physiological correlates of symbiont migration during bleaching of two octocoral species"},{"id":26666600,"work_id":30449591,"tagging_user_id":58048398,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4719352,"email":"d***r@umich.edu","display_order":7340032,"name":"D. 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