CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Alexander VIII – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )svwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","mars","april","maj","juni","juli","augusti","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"25dc1b2a-466f-40e2-8e6c-c9e85c374505","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Alexander_VIII","wgTitle":"Alexander VIII","wgCurRevisionId":54242037,"wgRevisionId":54242037,"wgArticleId":71041,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Ugglan","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från VIAF","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ISNI","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LibrisXL","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ULAN","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från NLA","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNE", "Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från CANTIC","Påvar","Italienska kanonister","Födda 1610","Avlidna 1691","Män","Personer i Kyrkostaten under 1600-talet","Personer från Venedig","Kardinalbiskopar av Porto-Santa Rufina","Kardinalbiskopar av Frascati","Alumner från Paduas universitet","Kardinalpräster av Santa Maria in Trastevere"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Alexander_VIII","wgRelevantArticleId":71041,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q101294","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.babel":"ready","ext.gadget.geo":"ready","ext.gadget.warnings":"ready","ext.gadget.tags":"ready","ext.gadget.error":"ready","ext.gadget.referenser":"ready","ext.gadget.printonly":"ready","ext.gadget.tables":"ready","ext.gadget.toccolours":"ready","ext.gadget.smallTagFontSize":"ready","ext.gadget.videoPlayButton":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles": "ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.editsection0","ext.gadget.ProtectionIndicators","ext.gadget.GeoboxLocatorMulti","ext.gadget.InterwikiBadges","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.ExkluderaRobotskapadeSidor","ext.gadget.Nearby","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.cgiircbox","ext.gadget.withJS","ext.gadget.CommonsFileLinks", "ext.gadget.tableSorterCollation","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.gadget.babel%2Cerror%2Cgeo%2Cprintonly%2Creferenser%2CsmallTagFontSize%2Ctables%2Ctags%2Ctoccolours%2CvideoPlayButton%2Cwarnings&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1637"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1091"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="873"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Alexander VIII – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redigera" href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Alexander_VIII rootpage-Alexander_VIII skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Huvudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia" aria-label="Sök på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Alexander+VIII" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Alexander+VIII" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Alexander+VIII" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Alexander+VIII" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander VIII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 72 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_Alexander_VIII" title="Pous Alexander VIII – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pous Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="ألكسندر الثامن – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر الثامن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleixandre_VIII" title="Aleixandre VIII – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aleixandre VIII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alexandru_VIII" title="Papa Alexandru VIII – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Papa Alexandru VIII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng_Alexander_8-s%C3%A8" title="Kàu-hông Alexander 8-sè – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-hông Alexander 8-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_VIII" title="Аляксандр VIII – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр VIII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_VIII" title="Аляксандар VIII – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аляксандар VIII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_VIII" title="Александър VIII – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър VIII" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_VIII" title="Aleksandr VIII – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aleksandr VIII" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_VIII" title="Alexandre VIII – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandre VIII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_VIII." title="Alexandr VIII. – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr VIII." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pab_Alecsander_VIII" title="Pab Alecsander VIII – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pab Alecsander VIII" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pave_Alexander_8." title="Pave Alexander 8. – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pave Alexander 8." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII." title="Alexander VIII. – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander VIII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_VIII" title="Aleksander VIII – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aleksander VIII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%84" title="Πάπας Αλέξανδρος Η΄ – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάπας Αλέξανδρος Η΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIII" title="Pope Alexander VIII – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pope Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_VIII" title="Alejandro VIII – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alejandro VIII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandro_la_8-a" title="Aleksandro la 8-a – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksandro la 8-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandro_VIII.a" title="Alexandro VIII.a – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexandro VIII.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85" title="الکساندر هشتم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر هشتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_VIII" title="Alexandre VIII – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre VIII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Alastar_VIII" title="Pápa Alastar VIII – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pápa Alastar VIII" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0pa_Alasdair_VIII" title="Pàpa Alasdair VIII – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàpa Alasdair VIII" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_VIII,_papa" title="Alexandre VIII, papa – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexandre VIII, papa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-f%C3%B2ng_Alexander_8-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kau-fòng Alexander 8-sṳ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-fòng Alexander 8-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4_8%EC%84%B8" title="교황 알렉산데르 8세 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황 알렉산데르 8세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_VIII." title="Aleksander VIII. – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aleksander VIII." data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_VIII." title="Aleksandar VIII. – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksandar VIII." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_Alexander_la_8ma" title="Papo Alexander la 8ma – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papo Alexander la 8ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alejandro_VIII" title="Papa Alejandro VIII – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papa Alejandro VIII" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Aleksander_VIII" title="Paus Aleksander VIII – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus Aleksander VIII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_8." title="Alexander 8. – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alexander 8." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alessandro_VIII" title="Papa Alessandro VIII – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papa Alessandro VIII" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אלכסנדר השמיני – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר השמיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Alexander_VIII" title="Paus Alexander VIII – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paus Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_VIII" title="ალექსანდრე VIII – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრე VIII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alexander_VIII" title="Papa Alexander VIII – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papa Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII" title="Alexander VIII – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrs_VIII" title="Aleksandrs VIII – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrs VIII" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandras_VIII" title="Aleksandras VIII – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aleksandras VIII" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._S%C3%A1ndor_p%C3%A1pa" title="VIII. Sándor pápa – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VIII. Sándor pápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_VIII" title="Папа Александар VIII – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папа Александар VIII" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="पोप अलेक्झांडर आठवा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोप अलेक्झांडर आठवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="الكسندر التامن – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر التامن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Alexander_VIII" title="Paus Alexander VIII – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1u-hu%C3%B2ng_Alexander_8-si%C3%A9" title="Gáu-huòng Alexander 8-sié – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáu-huòng Alexander 8-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Alexander_VIII" title="Paus Alexander VIII – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paus Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB8%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="アレクサンデル8世 (ローマ教皇) – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンデル8世 (ローマ教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII" title="Alexander VIII – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII." title="Alexander VIII. – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alexander VIII." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_VIII" title="Aleksander VIII – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksander VIII" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alexandre_VIII" title="Papa Alexandre VIII – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa Alexandre VIII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alexandru_al_VIII-lea" title="Papa Alexandru al VIII-lea – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papa Alexandru al VIII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_VIII" title="Александр VIII – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александр VIII" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandri_VIII" title="Aleksandri VIII – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aleksandri VIII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alissandru_VIII" title="Alissandru VIII – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alissandru VIII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII." title="Alexander VIII. – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexander VIII." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE_Aleksander_VIII." title="Papež Aleksander VIII. – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papež Aleksander VIII." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_VIII" title="Папа Александар VIII – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папа Александар VIII" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_VIII." title="Aleksandar VIII. – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aleksandar VIII." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksanteri_VIII" title="Aleksanteri VIII – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksanteri VIII" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alejandro_VIII" title="Papa Alejandro VIII – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papa Alejandro VIII" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._Alexander" title="VIII. Alexander – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VIII. Alexander" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_VIII" title="Олександр VIII – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олександр VIII" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_Alexan%C4%91%C3%AA_VIII" title="Giáo hoàng Alexanđê VIII – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng Alexanđê VIII" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Alejandro_VIII" title="Papa Alejandro VIII – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papa Alejandro VIII" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亚历山大八世 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚历山大八世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3p%C3%B9_Alexander_8k" title="Pópù Alexander 8k – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pópù Alexander 8k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="歷山八世 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歷山八世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII" title="Alexander VIII – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alexander VIII" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="歷山八世 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歷山八世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_VIII" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Alexander_VIII&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_VIII"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_VIII"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Alexander_VIII" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Alexander_VIII" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&oldid=54242037" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Alexander_VIII&id=54242037&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlexander_VIII"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlexander_VIII"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alexander+VIII"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alexander_VIII&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VIII" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101294" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#F7D79C; font-size:120%;">Alexander VIII</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pope_Alexander_VIII,_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_(1690).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg/200px-Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg/300px-Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg/400px-Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="682" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#F7D79C;">Påve <a href="/wiki/6_oktober" title="6 oktober">6 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>–<a href="/wiki/1_februari" title="1 februari">1 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Namn</th><td class="" style="">Pietro Vito Ottoboni</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/22_april" title="22 april">22 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/1_februari" title="1 februari">1 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Företrädare</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XI" title="Innocentius XI">Innocentius XI</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Efterträdare</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XII" title="Innocentius XII">Innocentius XII</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexander VIII</b>, född <i>Pietro Vito Ottoboni</i> den <a href="/wiki/22_april" title="22 april">22 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a> i <a href="/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig">Venedig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiken_Venedig" title="Republiken Venedig">republiken Venedig</a>, död <a href="/wiki/1_februari" title="1 februari">1 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a>, var <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5ve" title="Påve">påve</a> från den <a href="/wiki/6_oktober" title="6 oktober">6 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a> till sin död sexton månader senare, den <a href="/wiki/1_februari" title="1 februari">1 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pietro Ottoboni var son till Marco Ottoboni, <a href="/wiki/Kansler_(%C3%A4mbetsman)" title="Kansler (ämbetsman)">kansler</a> i <a href="/wiki/Republiken_Venedig" title="Republiken Venedig">republiken Venedig</a> och av <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">adlig släkt</a>. Han studerade vid <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Padua" title="Universitetet i Padua">universitetet i Padua</a>, där han 1627 <a href="/wiki/Doktorera" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktorera">doktorerade</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kanonisk_r%C3%A4tt" title="Kanonisk rätt">kanonisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/Civilr%C3%A4tt" title="Civilrätt">civil rätt</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Urban_VIII" title="Urban VIII">Urban VIII</a>:s <a href="/wiki/Pontifikat" title="Pontifikat">pontifikat</a> hamnade han i Rom, där han utnämndes av påven till <a href="/wiki/Guvern%C3%B6r" title="Guvernör">guvernör</a> av <a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rieti" title="Rieti">Rieti</a> och <a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a>. Han verkade vid <a href="/wiki/Sacra_Romana_Rota" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacra Romana Rota">Sacra Romana Rota</a> i fjorton år. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Innocentius_X" title="Innocentius X">Innocentius X</a> upphöjde honom, på republiken Venedigs begäran, till <a href="/wiki/Kardinalpr%C3%A4st" class="mw-redirect" title="Kardinalpräst">kardinalpräst</a> av <a href="/wiki/San_Salvatore_in_Lauro" title="San Salvatore in Lauro">San Salvatore in Lauro</a> den <a href="/wiki/19_februari" title="19 februari">19 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>, och drygt två år senare blev han <a href="/wiki/Biskop" title="Biskop">biskop</a> av <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>. 1660 blev han istället kardinalpräst av <a href="/wiki/San_Marco" title="San Marco">San Marco</a>, och lämnade biskopssätet i Brescia 1664. Åren innan han blev påve hann han utnämnas till kardinalpräst av <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">Santa Maria in Trastevere</a> och <a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">Santa Prassede</a> samt <a href="/wiki/Kardinalbiskop" class="mw-redirect" title="Kardinalbiskop">kardinalbiskop</a> av <a href="/wiki/Sabina-Poggio_Mirteto" title="Sabina-Poggio Mirteto">Sabina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a> och <a href="/wiki/Porto-Santa_Rufina" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto-Santa Rufina">Porto-Santa Rufina</a>. </p><p>Kardinal Ottoboni var nära 80 år gammal då han genom <a href="/wiki/Kardinalkollegiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kardinalkollegiet">kardinalkollegiets</a> nästan enstämmiga val utsågs till <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5ve" title="Påve">påve</a> den 6 oktober 1689.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han antog då namnet Alexander VIII, och blev installerad i ämbetet den <a href="/wiki/16_oktober" title="16 oktober">16 oktober</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under sin korta regering hann Alexander göra sig känd för <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lg%C3%B6renhet" title="Välgörenhet">välgörenhet</a>, men också för en hänsynslös <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a> när det var fråga om att tillsätta kyrkliga ämbeten och äreställen. Fastän han var vänskapligt stämd mot <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_XIV_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XIV av Frankrike">Ludvig XIV av Frankrike</a>, förnyade han sin företrädares ogiltigförklaring av de så kallade <i>Quattuor propositiones cleri gallicani</i> av år 1682, i vilka den franska kyrkans nationella fri- och rättigheter (<a href="/wiki/Gallikanism" title="Gallikanism">gallikanism</a>) förfäktades. Ludvig XIV återlämnade <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> till <a href="/wiki/Kyrkostaten" title="Kyrkostaten">Kyrkostaten</a>. </p><p>För övrigt gjorde han sitt namn berömt genom att inköpa den svenska <a href="/wiki/Drottning_Kristina" title="Drottning Kristina">drottningen Kristinas</a> dyrbara <a href="/wiki/Bibliotek" title="Bibliotek">bibliotek</a>, varigenom bland annat inte mindre än 1 900 <a href="/wiki/Handskrift" title="Handskrift">manuskript</a> under namn av "det ottoboniska biblioteket" införlivades med den <a href="/wiki/Vatikanbiblioteket" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanbiblioteket">vatikanska boksamlingen</a>. Han försökte mildra <a href="/wiki/Fattigdom" title="Fattigdom">fattigdomen</a> i Italien genom att skära ner skatterna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01295a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I (1907)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/botto.html">Catholic-Hierarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png/20px-Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png/30px-Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png/40px-Small_Sketch_of_Owl.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="99" /></a></span>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfba/0296.html">Alexander, påfvar 8.</a>, 1904–1926.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-10-21/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/">”Augsburg den 3 Oct.”</a>. <i>Ordinarie Stockholmiske Posttijdender</i>: s. 5. 21 oktober 1689<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-10-21/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/">https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-10-21/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Augsburg+den+3+Oct.&rft.jtitle=Ordinarie+Stockholmiske+Posttijdender&rft.date=21+oktober+1689&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftidningar.kb.se%2F2979645%2F1689-10-21%2Fedition%2F145134%2Fpart%2F1%2Fpage%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Alexander_VIII"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-11-11/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/">”Rom den 12 Oct.”</a>. <i>Ordinarie Stockholmiske Posttijdender</i>: s. 5. 11 november 1689<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-11-11/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/">https://tidningar.kb.se/2979645/1689-11-11/edition/145134/part/1/page/5/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rom+den+12+Oct.&rft.jtitle=Ordinarie+Stockholmiske+Posttijdender&rft.date=11+november+1689&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftidningar.kb.se%2F2979645%2F1689-11-11%2Fedition%2F145134%2Fpart%2F1%2Fpage%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Alexander_VIII"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_VIII" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexander VIII">Alexander VIII</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_VIII" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexander VIII">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan">Katolska kyrkotitlar</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Företräddes av</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XI" title="Innocentius XI">Innocentius XI</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_p%C3%A5var" title="Lista över påvar">Påve</a></b><br />1689 – 1691 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Efterträddes av<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XII" title="Innocentius XII">Innocentius XII</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:gold;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:P%C3%A5var" title="Mall:Påvar"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:P%C3%A5var&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_p%C3%A5var" title="Lista över påvar">Påvar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan">Romersk-katolska kyrkan</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:gold;" colspan="3">Kronologisk ordning fram till nuvarande påve <a href="/wiki/Franciskus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Franciskus (påve)">Franciskus</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;;">30–498</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Petrus" title="Petrus">Petrus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Linus (påve)">Linus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anacletus_I" title="Anacletus I">Anacletus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_I" title="Clemens I">Clemens I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Evaristus" title="Evaristus">Evaristus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Alexander I (påve)">Alexander I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_I" title="Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Telesphorus" title="Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_I" title="Pius I">Pius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anicetus" title="Anicetus">Anicetus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eleutherus" title="Eleutherus">Eleutherus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_I" title="Viktor I">Viktor I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zephyrinus" title="Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_I" title="Calixtus I">Calixtus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_I" title="Urban I">Urban I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pontianus" title="Pontianus">Pontianus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anterus" title="Anterus">Anterus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fabianus" title="Fabianus">Fabianus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Cornelius (påve)">Cornelius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_I" title="Lucius I">Lucius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_I_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan I (påve)">Stefan I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_II" title="Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dionysius" title="Dionysius">Dionysius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Felix_I" title="Felix I">Felix I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eutychianus" title="Eutychianus">Eutychianus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gajus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Gajus (påve)">Gajus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marcellinus" title="Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_I" title="Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Miltiades_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Miltiades (påve)">Miltiades</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Silvester_I" title="Silvester I">Silvester I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Markus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Markus (påve)">Markus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_I" title="Julius I">Julius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberius" title="Liberius">Liberius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Damasus_I" title="Damasus I">Damasus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Siricius" title="Siricius">Siricius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I" title="Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_I" title="Innocentius I">Innocentius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zosimus" title="Zosimus">Zosimus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_I" title="Bonifatius I">Bonifatius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Celestinus_I" title="Celestinus I">Celestinus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_III" title="Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo I (påve)">Leo I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hilarius_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Hilarius (påve)">Hilarius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simplicius" title="Simplicius">Simplicius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Felix_III" title="Felix III">Felix III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II" title="Anastasius II">Anastasius II</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heliga stolens heraldiska vapen"><img alt="Heliga stolens heraldiska vapen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;;">498–999</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Symmachus" title="Symmachus">Symmachus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hormisdas" title="Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_I" title="Johannes I">Johannes I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Felix_IV" title="Felix IV">Felix IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_II" title="Bonifatius II">Bonifatius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_II" title="Johannes II">Johannes II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Agapetus_I" title="Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Silverius" title="Silverius">Silverius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vigilius" title="Vigilius">Vigilius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_I" title="Pelagius I">Pelagius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_III" title="Johannes III">Johannes III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_I" title="Benedictus I">Benedictus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_II" title="Pelagius II">Pelagius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_I" title="Gregorius I">Gregorius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sabinianus" title="Sabinianus">Sabinianus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_III" title="Bonifatius III">Bonifatius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_IV" title="Bonifatius IV">Bonifatius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adeodatus_I" title="Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_V" title="Bonifatius V">Bonifatius V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_I" title="Honorius I">Honorius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Severinus" title="Severinus">Severinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_IV" title="Johannes IV">Johannes IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_I" title="Theodor I">Theodor I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_I" title="Martin I">Martin I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_I" title="Eugenius I">Eugenius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vitalianus" title="Vitalianus">Vitalianus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adeodatus_II" title="Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Donus" title="Donus">Donus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Agatho" title="Agatho">Agatho</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo II (påve)">Leo II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_II" title="Benedictus II">Benedictus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V" title="Johannes V">Johannes V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konon_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Konon (påve)">Konon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergius_I" title="Sergius I">Sergius I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VI" title="Johannes VI">Johannes VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VII" title="Johannes VII">Johannes VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sisinnius" title="Sisinnius">Sisinnius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Constantinus" title="Constantinus">Constantinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_II" title="Gregorius II">Gregorius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_III" title="Gregorius III">Gregorius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zacharias_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Zacharias (påve)">Zacharias</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> (<a href="/wiki/Stefan_(vald_p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan (vald påve)">Stefan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_II_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan II (påve)">Stefan II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_I" title="Paulus I">Paulus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_III_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan III (påve)">Stefan III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_I" title="Hadrianus I">Hadrianus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo III (påve)">Leo III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_IV_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan IV (påve)">Stefan IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paschalis_I" title="Paschalis I">Paschalis I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_II" title="Eugenius II">Eugenius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Valentinus" title="Valentinus">Valentinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_IV" title="Gregorius IV">Gregorius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergius_II" title="Sergius II">Sergius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo IV (påve)">Leo IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_III" title="Benedictus III">Benedictus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_I" title="Nicolaus I">Nicolaus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_II" title="Hadrianus II">Hadrianus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VIII" title="Johannes VIII">Johannes VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marinus_I" title="Marinus I">Marinus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_III" title="Hadrianus III">Hadrianus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_V_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Stefan V (påve)">Stefan V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Formosus" title="Formosus">Formosus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_VI" title="Bonifatius VI">Bonifatius VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_VI" title="Stefan VI">Stefan VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Romanus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Romanus (påve)">Romanus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_II" title="Theodor II">Theodor II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_IX" title="Johannes IX">Johannes IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IV" title="Benedictus IV">Benedictus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_V_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo V (påve)">Leo V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergius_III" title="Sergius III">Sergius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_III" title="Anastasius III">Anastasius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lando" title="Lando">Lando</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_X" title="Johannes X">Johannes X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Leo VI (påve)">Leo VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_VII" title="Stefan VII">Stefan VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XI" title="Johannes XI">Johannes XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_VII" title="Leo VII">Leo VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_VIII" title="Stefan VIII">Stefan VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marinus_II" title="Marinus II">Marinus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Agapetus_II" title="Agapetus II">Agapetus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII">Johannes XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_V" title="Benedictus V">Benedictus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_VIII" title="Leo VIII">Leo VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIII" title="Johannes XIII">Johannes XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VI" title="Benedictus VI">Benedictus VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VII" title="Benedictus VII">Benedictus VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIV" title="Johannes XIV">Johannes XIV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XV" title="Johannes XV">Johannes XV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_V" title="Gregorius V">Gregorius V</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;;">999–1503</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Silvester_II" title="Silvester II">Silvester II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVII" title="Johannes XVII">Johannes XVII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVIII" title="Johannes XVIII">Johannes XVIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sergius_IV" title="Sergius IV">Sergius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VIII" title="Benedictus VIII">Benedictus VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIX" title="Johannes XIX">Johannes XIX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IX" title="Benedictus IX">Benedictus IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Silvester_III" title="Silvester III">Silvester III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IX" title="Benedictus IX">Benedictus IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VI" title="Gregorius VI">Gregorius VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_II" title="Clemens II">Clemens II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IX" title="Benedictus IX">Benedictus IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Damasus_II" title="Damasus II">Damasus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_IX" title="Leo IX">Leo IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_II" title="Viktor II">Viktor II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_IX" title="Stefan IX">Stefan IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_II" title="Nicolaus II">Nicolaus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Alexander II (påve)">Alexander II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VII" title="Gregorius VII">Gregorius VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_III" title="Viktor III">Viktor III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_II" title="Urban II">Urban II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paschalis_II" title="Paschalis II">Paschalis II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_II" title="Gelasius II">Gelasius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_II" title="Calixtus II">Calixtus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_II" title="Honorius II">Honorius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_II" title="Innocentius II">Innocentius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Celestinus_II" title="Celestinus II">Celestinus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_II" title="Lucius II">Lucius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_III" title="Eugenius III">Eugenius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_IV" title="Anastasius IV">Anastasius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_IV" title="Hadrianus IV">Hadrianus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Alexander III (påve)">Alexander III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_III" title="Lucius III">Lucius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_III" title="Urban III">Urban III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VIII" title="Gregorius VIII">Gregorius VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_III" title="Clemens III">Clemens III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Celestinus_III" title="Celestinus III">Celestinus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_III" title="Innocentius III">Innocentius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_IX" title="Gregorius IX">Gregorius IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Celestinus_IV" title="Celestinus IV">Celestinus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_IV" title="Innocentius IV">Innocentius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV" title="Alexander IV">Alexander IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_IV" title="Urban IV">Urban IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_IV" title="Clemens IV">Clemens IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_X" title="Gregorius X">Gregorius X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_V" title="Innocentius V">Innocentius V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_V" title="Hadrianus V">Hadrianus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXI" title="Johannes XXI">Johannes XXI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_III" title="Nicolaus III">Nicolaus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_IV" title="Martin IV">Martin IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_IV" title="Honorius IV">Honorius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_IV" title="Nicolaus IV">Nicolaus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Celestinus_V" title="Celestinus V">Celestinus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_VIII" title="Bonifatius VIII">Bonifatius VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XI" title="Benedictus XI">Benedictus XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_V" title="Clemens V">Clemens V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXII" title="Johannes XXII">Johannes XXII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XII" title="Benedictus XII">Benedictus XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VI" title="Clemens VI">Clemens VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VI" title="Innocentius VI">Innocentius VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_V" title="Urban V">Urban V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XI" title="Gregorius XI">Gregorius XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_VI" title="Urban VI">Urban VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX">Bonifatius IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VII" title="Innocentius VII">Innocentius VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XII" title="Gregorius XII">Gregorius XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_V" title="Martin V">Martin V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_IV" title="Eugenius IV">Eugenius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_V" title="Nicolaus V">Nicolaus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_III" title="Calixtus III">Calixtus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_II" title="Pius II">Pius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_II" title="Paulus II">Paulus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_IV" title="Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VIII" title="Innocentius VIII">Innocentius VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;;">1503–2005</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pius_III" title="Pius III">Pius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" title="Julius II">Julius II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_X" title="Leo X">Leo X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_VI" title="Hadrianus VI">Hadrianus VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VII" title="Clemens VII">Clemens VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_III" title="Paulus III">Paulus III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_III" title="Julius III">Julius III</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_II" title="Marcellus II">Marcellus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_IV" title="Paulus IV">Paulus IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_IV" title="Pius IV">Pius IV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_V" title="Pius V">Pius V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XIII" title="Gregorius XIII">Gregorius XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_V" title="Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_VII" title="Urban VII">Urban VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XIV" title="Gregorius XIV">Gregorius XIV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_IX" title="Innocentius IX">Innocentius IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VIII" title="Clemens VIII">Clemens VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_XI" title="Leo XI">Leo XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_V" title="Paulus V">Paulus V</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XV" title="Gregorius XV">Gregorius XV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Urban_VIII" title="Urban VIII">Urban VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_X" title="Innocentius X">Innocentius X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VII" title="Alexander VII">Alexander VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_IX" title="Clemens IX">Clemens IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_X" title="Clemens X">Clemens X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XI" title="Innocentius XI">Innocentius XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XII" title="Innocentius XII">Innocentius XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XI" title="Clemens XI">Clemens XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XIII" title="Innocentius XIII">Innocentius XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XIII" title="Benedictus XIII">Benedictus XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XII" title="Clemens XII">Clemens XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XIV" title="Benedictus XIV">Benedictus XIV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XIII" title="Clemens XIII">Clemens XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XIV" title="Clemens XIV">Clemens XIV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII">Pius VII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_XII" title="Leo XII">Leo XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_VIII" title="Pius VIII">Pius VIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XVI" title="Gregorius XVI">Gregorius XVI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_XIII" title="Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" title="Pius X">Pius X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XV" title="Benedictus XV">Benedictus XV</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_XI" title="Pius XI">Pius XI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXIII" title="Johannes XXIII">Johannes XXIII</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paulus_VI" title="Paulus VI">Paulus VI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_I" title="Johannes Paulus I">Johannes Paulus I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_II" title="Johannes Paulus II">Johannes Paulus II</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;;">2005–</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XVI" title="Benedictus XVI">Benedictus XVI</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franciskus_(p%C3%A5ve)" title="Franciskus (påve)">Franciskus</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:gold;" colspan="3">För alfabetisk lista se, <a href="/wiki/Kategori:P%C3%A5var" title="Kategori:Påvar">Kategori:Påvar</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84133083">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89104323">89104323</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84133083">n84133083</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000109291033">0000 0001 0929 1033</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/11930466X">11930466X</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Libris_XL" title="Libris XL">Libris XL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/hftw09910nt8b0s">hftw09910nt8b0s</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/katalogisering/search/libris?_limit=20&o=https%3A%2F%2Flibris.kb.se%2Fhftw09910nt8b0s%23it">Katalogiserade verk.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/katalogisering/search/libris?_limit=20&o=https%3A%2F%2Flibris.kb.se%2Fhftw09910nt8b0s%23it&p=contribution.agent.%40id&p=instanceOf.contribution.agent.%40id">Andra katalogiserade bidrag.</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/03222270X">03222270X</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12329517n">cb12329517n</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12329517n">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500353723">500353723</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35849608">35849608</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2008458716&CON_LNG=ENG">mzk2008458716</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV065786">BVEV065786</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1141490">XX1141490</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_de_Catalunya" title="Biblioteca de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10323326">a10323326</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&oldid=54242037">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&oldid=54242037</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:P%C3%A5var" title="Kategori:Påvar">Påvar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Italienska_kanonister" title="Kategori:Italienska kanonister">Italienska kanonister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B6dda_1610" title="Kategori:Födda 1610">Födda 1610</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Avlidna_1691" title="Kategori:Avlidna 1691">Avlidna 1691</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:M%C3%A4n" title="Kategori:Män">Män</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_i_Kyrkostaten_under_1600-talet" title="Kategori:Personer i Kyrkostaten under 1600-talet">Personer i Kyrkostaten under 1600-talet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_fr%C3%A5n_Venedig" title="Kategori:Personer från Venedig">Personer från Venedig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kardinalbiskopar_av_Porto-Santa_Rufina" title="Kategori:Kardinalbiskopar av Porto-Santa Rufina">Kardinalbiskopar av Porto-Santa Rufina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kardinalbiskopar_av_Frascati" title="Kategori:Kardinalbiskopar av Frascati">Kardinalbiskopar av Frascati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alumner_fr%C3%A5n_Paduas_universitet" title="Kategori:Alumner från Paduas universitet">Alumner från Paduas universitet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kardinalpr%C3%A4ster_av_Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Kategori:Kardinalpräster av Santa Maria in Trastevere">Kardinalpräster av Santa Maria in Trastevere</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ugglan" title="Kategori:Ugglan">Ugglan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_VIAF" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från VIAF">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_LCCN" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_ISNI" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ISNI">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_GND" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_LibrisXL" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LibrisXL">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LibrisXL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_BNF" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_ULAN" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ULAN">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från ULAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_NLA" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från NLA">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från NLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_BNE" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNE">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_CANTIC" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från CANTIC">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från CANTIC</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 16 december 2023 kl. 21.18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. För bilder, se respektive bildsida (klicka på bilden). Se vidare <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt">Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt</a> och <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">användarvillkor</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Wikimedias integritetspolicy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Allm%C3%A4nt_f%C3%B6rbeh%C3%A5ll">Förbehåll</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Uppförandekod</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utvecklare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sv.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Information om kakor</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_VIII&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvy</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-mmq8p","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.282","walltime":"0.373","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4887,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":82704,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":104511,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7714,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 266.913 1 -total"," 25.26% 67.424 1 Mall:Påvar"," 24.41% 65.166 1 Mall:Navbox"," 24.12% 64.382 1 Mall:Påvefakta"," 23.14% 61.751 1 Mall:Faktamall"," 14.11% 37.665 1 Mall:Commonscat"," 11.48% 30.631 2 Mall:Tidningsref"," 10.77% 28.739 2 Mall:Cite_news"," 9.60% 25.634 2 Mall:Citation/core"," 8.15% 21.744 1 Mall:Auktoritetsdata"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.041","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1929393,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-mt4w7","timestamp":"20241122163645","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Alexander VIII","url":"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_VIII","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q101294","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q101294","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsgivare till Wikimedia-projekten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-19T22:20:43Z","dateModified":"2023-12-16T20:18:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg","headline":"Katolska kyrkans 241:e p\u00e5ve 1689\u20131691"}</script> </body> </html>