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ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Adel rootpage-Adel skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Adel" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Adel" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Adel" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Adel" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medeltiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medeltiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medeltiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medeltiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Förhållanden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Förhållanden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Förhållanden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Förhållanden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Förändring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Förändring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Förändring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Förändring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nutid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Se även</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generella_uppslagsord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generella_uppslagsord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Generella uppslagsord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generella_uppslagsord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adeln_i_vissa_länder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adeln_i_vissa_länder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Adeln i vissa länder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adeln_i_vissa_länder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 86 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аамсҭара – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аамсҭара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84" title="نبل – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobleza" title="Nobleza – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nobleza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zad%C9%99ganl%C4%B1q" title="Zadəganlıq – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zadəganlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasuma" title="Kasuma – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kasuma" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B9i-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Kùi-cho̍k – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kùi-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Дворянлыҡ – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дворянлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Знаць – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Знаць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Дваранства – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дваранства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристокрация – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аристокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemstvo" title="Plemstvo – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plemstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Noblesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0lechta" title="Šlechta – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šlechta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadel" title="Aadel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aadel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%82" title="Ευγενείς – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευγενείς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nobility" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Мастачей – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мастачей" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobleza" title="Nobleza – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nobleza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelaro" title="Nobelaro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nobelaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblezia" title="Noblezia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Noblezia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="نجیب‌زادگی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نجیب‌زادگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblesse" title="Noblesse – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noblesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eallju" title="Eallju – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Eallju" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uaisleacht" title="Uaisleacht – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uaisleacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobreza" title="Nobreza – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nobreza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="貴族" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EC%A1%B1" title="귀족 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ազնվականություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազնվականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="कुलीनवर्ग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुलीनवर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemstvo" title="Plemstvo – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plemstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobeleso" title="Nobeleso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nobeleso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onye_isi" title="Onye isi – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Onye isi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsawan" title="Bangsawan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangsawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilitate" title="Nobilitate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nobilitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B0all" title="Aðall – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aðall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0" title="Nobiltà – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nobiltà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אצולה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אצולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningrat" title="Ningrat – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ningrat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="თავადაზნაურობა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავადაზნაურობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilitas" title="Nobilitas – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nobilitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C5%BEcilt%C4%ABgie" title="Dižciltīgie – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dižciltīgie" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0" title="Nobiltà – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nobiltà" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemess%C3%A9g" title="Nemesség – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemesség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Благородништво – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Благородништво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="सामंतशाही – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामंतशाही" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_bangsawan" title="Golongan bangsawan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Golongan bangsawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारदार परिवार – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारदार परिवार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貴族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadel" title="Aadel – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aadel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel" title="Adel – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Noblesa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoryanlar" title="Dvoryanlar – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dvoryanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਕੁਲੀਨਵਰਗ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਲੀਨਵਰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA_/_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9" title="اشرافیت / اشرافي خلک – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اشرافیت / اشرافي خلک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szlachta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobreza" title="Nobreza – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nobreza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilime" title="Nobilime – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nobilime" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Немеш – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Немеш" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Дворянство – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дворянство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisnik%C3%ABria" title="Fisnikëria – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fisnikëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nobility" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%BEachta" title="Šľachta – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šľachta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemstvo" title="Plemstvo – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plemstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نەجیبزادەیی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەجیبزادەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Племство – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Племство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemstvo" title="Plemstvo – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plemstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aateli" title="Aateli – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aateli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadlika" title="Hadlika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hadlika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дворяннар – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дворяннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ชนชั้นขุนนาง – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนชั้นขุนนาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asil" title="Asil – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Шляхта – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шляхта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gveicuz" title="Gveicuz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gveicuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0" title="Nobiltà – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nobiltà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_qu%C3%BD_t%E1%BB%99c" title="Giới quý tộc – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giới quý tộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" title="贵族 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贵族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貴族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貴族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Adel" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl class="noexcerpt dablink"><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Adel_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Adel (olika betydelser)">Adel (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ubior_Szlachty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ubior_Szlachty.jpg/250px-Ubior_Szlachty.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ubior_Szlachty.jpg/375px-Ubior_Szlachty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ubior_Szlachty.jpg/500px-Ubior_Szlachty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polsk-litauiska_samv%C3%A4ldet" title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet">Polska</a> adelsmän, tidigt <a href="/wiki/1600-tal" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tal">1600-tal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Adel</b> (<i>adelskap</i>, <i>ridderskap</i>, <i>frälsemän</i>) är en av <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rd" title="Börd">börd</a> överordnad <a href="/wiki/Klassamh%C3%A4lle" title="Klassamhälle">samhällsgrupp</a>. Oftast syftar ordet på en grupp som av främst militära skäl uppstod i <a href="/wiki/Feodalsamh%C3%A4lle" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodalsamhälle">feodalsamhället</a> och som (vanligen av en <a href="/wiki/Kung" title="Kung">kung</a>) beviljades <a href="/wiki/Lag" title="Lag">lagstadgade</a>, vanligen ärftliga <a href="/wiki/Privilegier" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilegier">privilegier</a> förenade med <a href="/wiki/Titel" title="Titel">titlar</a> och särskilda <a href="/wiki/Heraldik" title="Heraldik">heraldiska</a> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5nd_(samh%C3%A4llsklass)" title="Stånd (samhällsklass)">rangtecken</a>. Ordet adel kan även användas för en bördsaristokrati i samhällen som inte är feodala, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Romerska_riket" title="Romerska riket">antikens Rom</a>. Adelsprivilegierna var av ekonomisk, politisk, organisatorisk och social karaktär. De kunde vara mycket betydande och innebära till exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skattefrihet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skattefrihet [inte skriven än]">skattefrihet</a> ("frälst" från beskattning) och företräde till <a href="/wiki/Statliga_%C3%A4mbeten" class="mw-redirect" title="Statliga ämbeten">statliga ämbeten</a>, men också försvarsplikt i krigstider eller när kungen kallade. I Sverige och många andra moderna samhällen har adelskap inte längre någon större praktisk betydelse. </p><p>En <i>adelsman</i> (<i>ädling</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-saol_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saol-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> är en man som antingen blivit adlad eller som genom börd tillhör adeln. Motsvarigheten på damsidan är en <i>adelsdam</i>. Adelsdam är den kvinna som är född i en adlig familj, som genom <a href="/wiki/Gifterm%C3%A5l" class="mw-redirect" title="Giftermål">giftermål</a> blivit upptagen i en <a href="/wiki/Adels%C3%A4tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelsätt">adelsätt</a> eller själv blivit adlad. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet adel kommer från <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">lågtyskan</a> och betydde 'härkomst', 'börd' för 1000 år sedan. I det avsevärt äldre <a href="/wiki/Urindoeuropeiska" title="Urindoeuropeiska">urindoeuropeiska</a> språket, för mer än 7000 år sedan, kan <i>ad</i> ha betytt "från" eller "av", men också någon annan preposition som "till" eller "på". I svenska språket kom det in som lånord för drygt 500 år sedan, dvs mot slutet av <a href="/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet">1400-talet</a>. I samtida dokument förekommer omväxlande termerna "frälsemän", "frälset", "adeln" och "ridderskapet". <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4lse" title="Frälse">Frälse</a> syftar här på det <a href="/wiki/Privilegium" title="Privilegium">privilegium</a> som en gång gav upphov till adeln som en särskild samhällsklass genom att den enskilde som åtog sig att fullgöra vapentjänst i gengäld gavs frihet (= frälse) från att erlägga skatt. Liknande skattefrihet åtnjöt även kyrkans män och kvinnor. Personer som inte tillhörde någon av dessa grupper kallades för <a href="/wiki/Ofr%C3%A4lse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofrälse">ofrälse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiken">Antiken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Antiken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Antiken"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olika slags adelskap har funnits inom de flesta kulturer ända sedan de gamla <a href="/wiki/Egyptier" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptier">egyptierna</a>. Redan under arkaisk tid fanns det i de grekiska stadsstaterna grupper i samhället som hade högre status än övriga medborgare; i <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> behärskade de så kallade eupatriderna det politiska maskineriet suveränt före tyrannernas maktövertagande och demokratins införande. I det gamla <a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a> utgjordes adeln av <a href="/wiki/Patricier" title="Patricier">patricierna</a>, de enda invånarna i den tidiga republiken som hade full medborgarrätt. Senare, då de högsta ämbetena som en följd av ståndsstriderna öppnats för plebejer, framväxte med tiden en ny patricisk-plebejisk adel, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobilitas [inte skriven än]">nobilitas</a></i>, vars medlemmare benämndes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobiles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobiles [inte skriven än]">nobiles</a></i>. Senrepublikens politiska gruppering <i><a href="/wiki/Optimates" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimates">optimates</a></i>, som bekämpade de så kallade <i><a href="/wiki/Populares" class="mw-redirect" title="Populares">populares</a></i>, dominerades av denna ämbetsaristokrati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medeltiden">Medeltiden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Medeltiden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Medeltiden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På <a href="/wiki/800-talet" title="800-talet">800-talet</a> under den europeiska <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a> växte <a href="/wiki/Feodal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodal">feodalstater</a> fram i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. I början handlade det mest om att <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rl%C3%A4ning" title="Förläning">förläningar</a> av jord delades till riddare. Riddaren var sen oftast skyldig att ställa upp med soldater när fursten behövde det. När det <a href="/wiki/Frankiska_riket" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankiska riket">frankiska riket</a> uppstod under ledning av ett allt mäktigare <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6me" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungadöme">kungadöme</a> fick kungens tjänare snart en ansedd och upphöjd ställning och bildade så en tjänsteadel som sammansmälte med den gamla bördsadeln. Inom andra europeiska länder gjordes på samma sätt. Längre fram fanns länsväsendet, det vill säga en form av avlöning för krigstjänsten till häst, vilket utbredde sig till hela adeln. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Förhållanden"><span id="F.C3.B6rh.C3.A5llanden"></span>Förhållanden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förhållanden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förhållanden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adeln slapp ursprungligen att betala statlig skatt mot att man satte upp beridet krigsfolk åt kungen (staten). I vissa fall kunde adeln också själv driva in skatt till olika lokala ändamål. Adeln hade även andra privilegier. Tidvis var det bara adliga som kunde bli officerare i krigsmakten, varför förtjänta underofficerare som skulle höjas upp till officerare adlades till exempel <a href="/wiki/Olof_Andersson_Silfverlood" title="Olof Andersson Silfverlood">Silfverlood</a> på Västgöta Ryttare eller <a href="/wiki/Erik_Dahlbergh" title="Erik Dahlbergh">Erik Dahlbergh</a>. Adeln hade länge ensamrätt på jakt och fiske, något som kung <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustaf III</a> ändrade på. I vissa byar så kunde bara adeln äga en kvarn som andra fick betala avgift för när de ville använda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Förändring"><span id="F.C3.B6r.C3.A4ndring"></span>Förändring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förändring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förändring"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adelns betydelse och inflytande ändrades successivt med början under den senare delen av <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a>. Det första steget var under den så kallade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milit%C3%A4ra_revolutionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militära revolutionen [inte skriven än]">militära revolutionen</a>. Adelns skyldighet att ställa upp med trupper försvann successivt när stater började skapa egna arméer. Med de ekonomiska förändringarna under renässansen och framväxten av rika handelsmän och borgare förändrades adelns inflytande ytterligare, vilket fortsatte och förstärktes av den industriella revolutionen. De adelsfamiljer som tog del i den nya tidens former för ekonomisk tillväxt behöll och rent av förstärkte sin särställning i staten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutid">Nutid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nutid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nutid"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De flesta av rättigheterna i de svenska adelsprivilegierna har sedan länge utsträckts till alla Sveriges medborgare, till exempel rätten att bedriva handel utanför städerna eller rätten att resa utomlands.<sup id="cite_ref-Riddarhuset_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riddarhuset-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De återstående privilegierna upphörde den 1 juli 2003. Samtidigt avskaffades <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_ridderskap_och_adel" title="Sveriges ridderskap och adel">Riddarhusets</a> <a href="/wiki/Offentlig_r%C3%A4tt" title="Offentlig rätt">offentligrättsliga</a> ställning vilket gör att denna sammanslutning sedan dess är en vanlig <a href="/wiki/Ideell_f%C3%B6rening" title="Ideell förening">ideell förening</a> juridiskt sett.<sup id="cite_ref-Riddarhuset_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riddarhuset-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Att bilda adelsliknande efternamn med prefix (von, af eller de) är inte möjligt i Sverige, men detta beror på allmänna rättsliga regler för efternamn och inte särskilda adliga privilegier.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I Europa förekommer ännu nyadlande i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NE.SE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE.SE-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Sverige avskaffades formellt kungens nobiliteringsrätt i samband med antagandet av <a href="/wiki/Regeringsformen" title="Regeringsformen">1974 års regeringsform</a>. Den siste att adlas var <a href="/wiki/Sven_Hedin" title="Sven Hedin">Sven Hedin</a> 1902. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generella_uppslagsord">Generella uppslagsord</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Generella uppslagsord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Generella uppslagsord"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelsbrev" title="Adelsbrev">Adelsbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelskalender" title="Adelskalender">Adelskalender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelstitlar" title="Adelstitlar">Adelstitlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodalism" title="Feodalism">Feodalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rdighet" title="Pärsvärdighet">Pärsvärdighet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5nd_(samh%C3%A4llsklass)" title="Stånd (samhällsklass)">Stånd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ndssamh%C3%A4lle" title="Ståndssamhälle">Ståndssamhälle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adeln_i_vissa_länder"><span id="Adeln_i_vissa_l.C3.A4nder"></span>Adeln i vissa länder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Adeln i vissa länder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Adeln i vissa länder"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Danmark" title="Adeln i Danmark">Adeln i Danmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Adeln i Finland">Adeln i Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Frankrike" title="Adeln i Frankrike">Adeln i Frankrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_adelssl%C3%A4kter_i_Kroatien" title="Lista över adelssläkter i Kroatien">Adeln i Kroatien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Norge" title="Adeln i Norge">Adeln i Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_i_Ryssland" title="Adel i Ryssland">Adeln i Ryssland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_i_Skottland" title="Adel i Skottland">Adeln i Skottland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeln_i_Sverige" class="mw-redirect" title="Adeln i Sverige">Adeln i Sverige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltisk_adel" title="Baltisk adel">Baltisk adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduktion_(historia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduktion (historia)">Reduktioner i Sverige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_adel" title="Västerländsk adel">Västerländsk adel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfba/0082.html">Adel</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1904)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-saol-1"><a href="#cite_ref-saol_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademien" title="Svenska Akademien">Svenska Akademiens</a> ordböcker (<a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademiens_ordlista_%C3%B6ver_svenska_spr%C3%A5ket" title="Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket">SAOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svensk_ordbok_utgiven_av_Svenska_Akademien" title="Svensk ordbok utgiven av Svenska Akademien">SO</a> och <a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademiens_ordbok" title="Svenska Akademiens ordbok">SAOB</a>) på Svenska.se: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.se/tre/?sok=%C3%A4dling">ädling</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riddarhuset-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Riddarhuset_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riddarhuset_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riddarhuset.se/jsp/admin/archive/sbdocarchive/Adelns_offrstatus.pdf">Riddarhuset</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221185112/http://www.riddarhuset.se/jsp/admin/archive/sbdocarchive/Adelns_offrstatus.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 21 februari 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728021855/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/21/79/35/03504e2d.pdf">”SOU 2013:35. Betänkande av Namnlagskommittén.”</a>. sid. 327–328. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/21/79/35/03504e2d.pdf">originalet</a> den 28 juli 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728021855/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/21/79/35/03504e2d.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20140728021855/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/21/79/35/03504e2d.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 september 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=SOU+2013%3A35.+Bet%C3%A4nkande+av+Namnlagskommitt%C3%A9n.&rft.atitle=&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B327%E2%80%93328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140728021855%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.regeringen.se%2Fcontent%2F1%2Fc6%2F21%2F79%2F35%2F03504e2d.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Adel"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE.SE-4"><a href="#cite_ref-NE.SE_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se">på internet</a>, 16 oktober 2009, uppslagsord: <i>adel</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adel&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Wikiquote har citat av eller om <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adel" class="extiw" title="q:Adel">Adel</a>.</span> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adel" class="extiw" title="q:Adel">Citat</a></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hulthenhem.se/titlar.htm">Adliga och kungliga titlar på olika språk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105013329/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c4/08/21/7a224166.pdf">Regeringens proposition 2002/03:34 om adelns offentligrättsliga status</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riddarhuset.se">Riddarhuset</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Adelstitlar" title="Mall:Adelstitlar"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Adelstitlar&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Adelstitlar" title="Adelstitlar">Adelstitlar</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Furste" title="Furste">Furste</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hertig" title="Hertig">Hertig</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Markgreve" title="Markgreve">Markgreve</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Markis_(titel)" title="Markis (titel)">Markis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Greve" title="Greve">Greve</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte">Vicomte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a>/<a href="/wiki/Friherre" title="Friherre">friherre</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gadel" title="Lågadel">Lågadel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gadel" title="Högadel">Högadel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kunglig" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunglig">Kunglig</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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