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As a first step the <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics_Research_Institute" title="Aerodynamics Research Institute"><i>Aeronautische Versuchsanstalt</i></a> (now the <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">DLR</a>) was established in 1915 and then finally the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute_for_Flow_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research</a> was established in 1924. In 1948 it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a>. The Max Planck Society was founded in this institute. In 2003 it was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early history of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization is closely linked to the work of the famous physicist <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl" title="Ludwig Prandtl">Ludwig Prandtl</a>. Prandtl is regarded as the founder of fluid dynamics and especially made a name for himself with his boundary layer theory. In Göttingen Prandtl opened two research facilities that both exist until today: in 1915 the Aerodynamical Experimental Station, which concentrated on application-oriented topics in fluid dynamics and evolved into the Göttinger branch of the German Space Agency DLR, and in 1925 the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics. The latter mainly dealt with fundamental research in the field of fluid dynamics. After the Max Planck Society was founded the institute was renamed Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics. In 2004 the institute again received a new name and is now called Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_early_years">The early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1904 Ludwig Prandtl accepted a position as professor for Technical Physics at the University of Göttingen. Here he continued his research in fluid dynamics that he had started as professor in Hannover. One of his experimental setups was a water channel, into which different obstacles could be inserted. Soon however, Prandtl wished to conduct more application-oriented research in larger test facilities. This became possible in 1907 with the foundation of an experimental facility in the Hildebrandt Street. Here Prandtl built the first German wind tunnel and thereby established the so-called "Göttinger type" of wind tunnels. Unlike those created by Gustav Eiffel in France wind tunnels of the Göttinger type feature a closed cycle for the liquids or gases to flow in. The founding of this experimental facility is the starting point of the later Aerodynamical Experimental Station. </p><p>When on January 11, 1911, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, the preceding organisation of the Max Planck Society, was founded in Berlin, Prandtl acted again. Only one month later he appealed to the new organisation in a memorandum. In it he asked for an institute for fundamental research in fluid dynamics to be built in Göttingen. As reasons for his choice of location he listed his own previous research and the high esteem of mathematics at the University of Göttingen. </p><p>The following negotiations lasted for over a decade and were interrupted by World War I. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics was not opened until 1925. It was located on the premises between Böttinger and Bunsen Street, where it is still found today. Ludwig Prandtl was appointed head of the institute. Before, in 1915 the application-oriented Aerodynamical Experimental Station had been founded at the same location. The wind tunnel that Prandtl had built in the Hildebrandt Street was moved to the Bunsen Street in 1918. With the foundation of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute both the new institute and the Aerodynamical Experimental Station were united under the name "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics together with the Aerodynamical Experimental Station". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 11, 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Control_Commission_for_Germany_-_British_Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Control Commission for Germany - British Element">British military government</a> temporarily closed the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute and the Aerodynamical Experimental Station and installed a committee to decide about the future of both research facilities. In June a decision was made: The Aerodynamical Experimental Station was permanently closed and its experiments were disassembled. Having been built for the purpose of fundamental research only, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute was permitted to carry on its work and was reopened on August 1, 1946. In the same year Ludwig Prandtl resigned as head of the institute. His successor was Albert Betz, who had led the Aerodynamical Experimental Station for years. </p><p>When in February 1948 the Max Planck Society was founded in Göttingen, the institute became part of this new organisation and was renamed Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics. In 1953 the Aerodynamical Experimental Station was reopened as part of the Max Planck Society. In 1969 the Experimental Station was separated from the institute and became a predecessor of the German Space Agency DLR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluid_dynamics_and_more">Fluid dynamics and more</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fluid dynamics and more"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also in 1969 the Max Planck Institute began to focus on new fields of research and received three departments for molecular physics: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Molecular Interactions and Reaction Kinetics. In the following years this field of research became more and more important until in 1993 the institute discontinued all research in fluid dynamics. </p><p>In 1996 the institute again chose a new research focus and appointed Prof. Dr. Theo Geisel, who opened the Department of Nonlinear Dynamics. By 2001 all departments dealing with molecular physics had been closed. With the appointment of Prof. Dr. Stephan Herminghaus and Prof. Dr. Eberhard Bodenschatz in 2003 and the founding of the Department of Dynamics of Complex Fluids and the Department of Hydrodynamics, Pattern Formation and Nanonbiocomplexity fluid dynamics returned to the institute. However, now this field of research was put into the larger context of self-organized and nonlinear phenomena. This development led to the renaming of the institute on November 19, 2004. Since then the institute is called Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_dates">Important dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Important dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl" title="Ludwig Prandtl">Ludwig Prandtl</a> builds the first German wind tunnel in Göttingen </p><p>1915: The <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Society">Kaiser Wilhelm Society</a> founds the Aerodynamical Experimental Station on the premises between Böttinger and Bunsen Street </p><p>1925: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics is opened at the same location and united with the Aerodynamical Experimental Station </p><p>1945: The British military government shuts down both research facilities </p><p>August 1, 1946: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute is reopened </p><p>1948: The institute becomes part of the Max Planck Society </p><p>1969: The institute receives three departments focused on molecular physics </p><p>1993: The last department working in fluid dynamics is closed </p><p>1996: <a href="/wiki/Theo_Geisel_(physicist)" title="Theo Geisel (physicist)">Prof. Dr. Theo Geisel</a> is appointed and opens the Department of Nonlinear Dynamics </p><p>2001: The last department in molecular physics is closed </p><p>2003: <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Bodenschatz" title="Eberhard Bodenschatz">Prof. Eberhard Bodenschatz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Herminghaus" title="Stephan Herminghaus">Prof. Stephan Herminghaus</a> are appointed and open the Department of Hydrodynamics, Pattern Formation and Nanobiocomplexity and the Department of Dynamics of Complex Fluids </p><p>November 19, 2004: The institute is renamed Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization </p><p>2017: Department of Nonlinear Dynamics is closed </p><p>2018: Prof. <a href="/wiki/Ramin_Golestanian" title="Ramin Golestanian">Ramin Golestanian</a> is appointed director and opened Department of Living Matter Physics </p><p>2023: The Department of the Dynamics of Complex Fluids is closed with the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Herminghaus" title="Stephan Herminghaus">Prof. Stephan Herminghaus</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Departments_and_independent_research_groups">Departments and independent research groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Departments and independent research groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The research conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization covers a broad spectrum, mainly in the physics of complex systems. Recently, the physics of complex systems has become a topic of increasing interest and includes open systems, which are characterized by dissipation of energy and entropy production. Pattern forming systems are particularly interesting, and the understanding of the general features are the topic of current research. Hydrodynamic turbulence is another example and continues to be one of the unsolved problems of the 21st century. These systems are mostly deterministic, and the influence of thermal fluctuations can be neglected. However, this does not include living nature. Biological systems have active components (genetic networks, protein networks, molecular motors, neurons), which consist of discrete units (i. e. cells) and require the consideration of stochastic processes (thermal noise). Moreover, for the molecular transport and fluid dynamics on scales smaller than micrometres the molecular structure of the fluid may become important. This is especially true for complex fluids, whose properties are determined by mesoscale Coulomb interactions and the presence of large molecules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departments">Departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization currently encompasses 2 departments: </p> <ul><li>Prof. <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Bodenschatz" title="Eberhard Bodenschatz">Eberhard Bodenschatz</a> - <i>Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity</i></li> <li>Prof. <a href="/wiki/Ramin_Golestanian" title="Ramin Golestanian">Ramin Golestanian</a> - <i>Living Matter Physics</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_groups">Research groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute is particularly engaged in the support of junior scientists, which is indicated by the numerous Max Planck Research Groups that it hosts. </p> <ul><li>Prof. Dr. Stefan Luther - <i>Biomedical Physics</i></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Viola_Priesemann" title="Viola Priesemann">Viola Priesemann</a> - <i>Complex Systems Theory</i></li> <li>Dr. David Zwicker - <i>Theory of Biological Fluids</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emeritus_groups">Emeritus groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emeritus groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prof. Jan-Peter Toennies - <i>Molecular Interactions</i></li> <li>Prof. <a href="/wiki/Theo_Geisel_(physicist)" title="Theo Geisel (physicist)">Theo Geisel</a> - <i>Nonlinear Dynamics</i></li> <li>Prof. Stephan Herminghaus - <i>Social Systems Dynamics</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Max_Planck_Society" title="Template:Max Planck Society"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Max_Planck_Society" title="Template talk:Max Planck Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Max_Planck_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Max Planck Society"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Max_Planck_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Max Planck Society</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Max_Planck_Institutes" title="List of Max Planck Institutes"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Institutes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Anthropology" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology">Evolutionary Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Social_Anthropology" title="Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology">Social Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astronomy" title="Max Planck Institute for Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astrophysics" title="Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hertziana_%E2%80%93_Max_Planck_Institute_for_Art_History" title="Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute for Art History">Art History (Rome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Institut_in_Florenz" title="Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz">Art History (Florence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Biochemistry" title="Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biogeochemistry" title="Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry">Biogeochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biological_Intelligence" title="Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence">Biological Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biology_of_Ageing" title="Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing">Biology of Ageing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Biomedicine" title="Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine">Molecular Biomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Biophysics" title="Max Planck Institute of Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Brain Research">Brain Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Cell_Biology_and_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics">Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemistry" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences">Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Research_on_Collective_Goods" title="Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods">Research on Collective Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Colloids_and_Interfaces" title="Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces">Colloids and Interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Crime,_Security_and_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law">Study of Crime, Security and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biological_Cybernetics" title="Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics">Biological Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Demographic_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research">Demographic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Religious_and_Ethnic_Diversity" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity">Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dynamics and Self-Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems">Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Ecology" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Energy_Conversion" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion">Chemical Energy Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Florida_Institute_for_Neuroscience" title="Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience">Neuroscience (Florida)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Miescher_Laboratory_of_the_Max_Planck_Society" title="Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society">Friedrich Miescher Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber_Institute_of_the_Max_Planck_Society" title="Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society">Fritz Haber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics">Molecular Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Gravitational_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics">Gravitational Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Heart_and_Lung_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research">Heart and Lung Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_History_of_Science" title="Max Planck Institute for the History of Science">History of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Development" title="Max Planck Institute for Human Development">Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Science_of_Human_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History">Science of Human History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Immunobiology_and_Epigenetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics">Immunobiology and Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Infection_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology">Infection Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Informatics" title="Max Planck Institute for Informatics">Informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Innovation_and_Competition" title="Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition">Innovation and Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Intelligent_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems">Intelligent Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Coal_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Coal Research">Coal Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Tax_Law_and_Public_Finance" title="Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance">Tax Law and Public Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_Public_Law_and_International_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law">Comparative Public Law and International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law">Comparative and International Private Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max-Planck-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sozialrecht_und_Sozialpolitik" title="Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik">Social Law and Social Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_European_Legal_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for European Legal History">European Legal History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics_in_the_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences">Mathematics in the Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Medical Research">Medical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology" title="Max Planck Institute for Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Marine_Microbiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology">Marine Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Terrestrial_Microbiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology">Terrestrial Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Microstructure_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics">Microstructure Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Multidisciplinary_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences">Multidisciplinary Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Neurobiology_of_Behavior_%E2%80%93_caesar" title="Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior – caesar">Neurobiology of Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Ornithology" title="Max Planck Institute for Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Science_of_Light" title="Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light">Science of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Physics_of_Solids" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids">Chemical Physics of Solids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Physics_of_Complex_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems">Physics of Complex Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Extraterrestrial_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics">Extraterrestrial Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Nuclear_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics">Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology">Molecular Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plant_Breeding_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research">Plant Breeding Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Plant_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology">Molecular Plant Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plasma_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics">Plasma Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Polymer_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research">Polymer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry" title="Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psycholinguistics" title="Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Quantum_Optics" title="Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics">Quantum Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Radio_Astronomy" title="Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy">Radio Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Security_and_Privacy" title="Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy">Security and Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Societies" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies">Study of Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Software_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Software Systems">Software Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Solar System Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solid_State_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research">Solid State Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Sustainable_Materials" title="Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials">Sustainable Materials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Associated institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Str%C3%BCngmann_Institute" title="Ernst Strüngmann Institute">Ernst Strüngmann Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Harvard_Research_Center_for_the_Archaeoscience_of_the_Ancient_Mediterranean" title="Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean">Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">International<br />research schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Evolutionary_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Heart_and_Lung_Research" title="International Max Planck Research School for Heart and Lung Research">Heart and Lung Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology">Molecular and Cellular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Life_Sciences" title="International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences">Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Organismal_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology">Organismal Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Ultrafast_Imaging_and_Structural_Dynamics" title="International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics">Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Former institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology">Behavioral Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Cell_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology">Cell Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Experimental_Endocrinology" title="Max Planck Institute of Experimental Endocrinology">Experimental Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Foreign_and_International_Social_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law">Foreign and International Social Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Neurobiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology">Neurobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Ornithology" title="Max Planck Institute for Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physics_and_Astrophysics" title="Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics">Physics and Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psychological_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research">Psychological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Research_Unit_for_Enzymology_of_Protein_Folding" title="Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding">Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> (1948–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> (1960–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimar_L%C3%BCst" title="Reimar Lüst">Reimar Lüst</a> (1972–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Staab" title="Heinz Staab">Heinz Staab</a> (1984–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._Zacher" title="Hans F. Zacher">Hans F. Zacher</a> (1990–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Markl" title="Hubert Markl">Hubert Markl</a> (1996–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gruss" title="Peter Gruss">Peter Gruss</a> (2002–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Stratmann" title="Martin Stratmann">Martin Stratmann</a> (2014–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cramer" title="Patrick Cramer">Patrick Cramer</a> (since 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Nobel laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges J. F. Köhler</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan W. Hell</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Kaiser Wilhelm Society</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Digital Library"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Max Planck Digital Library</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnack_Medal" title="Harnack Medal"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Harnack Medal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Ringberg" title="Schloss Ringberg"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Schloss Ringberg</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277098#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277098#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277098#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404915187">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130826385">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1028511302">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50058563">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007343296705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/116298952">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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