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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Transition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1981_coup_d'état_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1981_coup_d'état_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1981 coup d'état attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1981_coup_d'état_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_role_in_Spanish_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_role_in_Spanish_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Later role in Spanish politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_role_in_Spanish_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2007_Ibero-American_Summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_Ibero-American_Summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>2007 Ibero-American Summit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_Ibero-American_Summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget_of_the_royal_house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget_of_the_royal_house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Budget of the royal house</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget_of_the_royal_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botswana_hunting_trip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana_hunting_trip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Botswana hunting trip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana_hunting_trip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfaith_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfaith_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Interfaith work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfaith_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abdication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abdication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Abdication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abdication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Retirement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corruption_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Corruption investigations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_Saudi_rail_deal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_Saudi_rail_deal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>2020 Saudi rail deal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_Saudi_rail_deal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credit_cards_and_bank_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credit_cards_and_bank_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Credit cards and bank accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credit_cards_and_bank_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zagatka_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zagatka_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Zagatka Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zagatka_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lucum_foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lucum_foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Lucum foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lucum_foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Claims of harassment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relocation_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relocation_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Relocation abroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relocation_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_private_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_private_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family and private life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_private_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_styles,_honours_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Titles, styles, honours and arms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours_and_arms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Titles, styles, honours and arms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Carlos I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I._(Spanien)" title="Juan Carlos I. (Spanien) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Juan Carlos I. (Spanien)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Carl_I_Spena_Cyning" title="Iohannes Carl I Spena Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iohannes Carl I Spena Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="خوان كارلوس الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوان كارلوس الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan-Carlos_I_d%27Espanya" title="Chuan-Carlos I d'Espanya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuan-Carlos I d'Espanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuan_Carlos_I_d%27Espa%C3%B1a" title="Xuan Carlos I d'España – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuan Carlos I d'España" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Xuan_Karlos" title="I Xuan Karlos – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Xuan Karlos" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="بیرینجی خوآن کارلوس (ایسپانیا) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی خوآن کارلوس (ایسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="প্রথম জুয়ান কার্লোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম জুয়ান কার্লোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_1-s%C3%A8" title="Juan Carlos 1-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Juan Carlos 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_I" title="Хуан Карлас I – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хуан Карлас I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81_I" title="Хуан-Карляс I – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хуан-Карляс I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81_I" title="Хуан Карлос I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуан Карлос I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos,_kralj_%C5%A0panije" title="Juan Carlos, kralj Španije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Juan Carlos, kralj Španije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ia%C3%B1" title="Juan Carlos Iañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Juan Carlos Iañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Carles_I_d%27Espanya" title="Joan Carles I d'Espanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan Carles I d'Espanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I,_brenin_Sbaen" title="Juan Carlos I, brenin Sbaen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Juan Carlos I, brenin Sbaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_af_Spanien" title="Juan Carlos af Spanien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Juan Carlos af Spanien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χουάν Κάρλος Α΄ της Ισπανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χουάν Κάρλος Α΄ της Ισπανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Juan Carlos I de España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan Carlos I de España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_Karlo_la_1-a_(Hispanio)" title="Johano Karlo la 1-a (Hispanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano Karlo la 1-a (Hispanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan-Calru_I_d%27Espa%C3%B1a" title="Juan-Calru I d'España – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Juan-Calru I d'España" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I.a_Espainiakoa" title="Juan Carlos I.a Espainiakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Juan Carlos I.a Espainiakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="خوآن کارلوس یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوآن کارلوس یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos" title="Juan Carlos – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Juan Carlos" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ier" title="Juan Carlos Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juan Carlos Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_na_Sp%C3%A1inne" title="Juan Carlos I na Spáinne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Juan Carlos I na Spáinne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ACgh_Juan_Carlos_I_na_Sp%C3%A0inne" title="Rìgh Juan Carlos I na Spàinne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rìgh Juan Carlos I na Spàinne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Xoán Carlos I de España – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán Carlos I de España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_1-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Juan Carlos 1-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Juan Carlos 1-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%95%88_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="후안 카를로스 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후안 카를로스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ier" title="Juan Carlos Ier – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Juan Carlos Ier" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD_I_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Խուան Կառլոս I Բուրբոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խուան Կառլոս I Բուրբոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="हुअन चालोस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हुअन चालोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_la_1ma_di_Hispania" title="Juan Carlos la 1ma di Hispania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Juan Carlos la 1ma di Hispania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_dari_Spanyol" title="Juan Carlos I dari Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Juan Carlos I dari Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hann_Karl_1." title="Jóhann Karl 1. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhann Karl 1." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_di_Spagna" title="Juan Carlos I di Spagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Juan Carlos I di Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="חואן קרלוס הראשון, מלך ספרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חואן קרלוס הראשון, מלך ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_I" title="ხუან კარლოს I – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხუან კარლოს I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="I Хуан Карлос – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="I Хуан Карлос" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowann_Charlys_I_a_Spayn" title="Jowann Charlys I a Spayn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jowann Charlys I a Spayn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5_1_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D" title="ສົມເດັດພຣະລາຊາທິບະດີຄວນ ກາໂລດທີ 1 ແຫ່ງແອສະປາຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສົມເດັດພຣະລາຊາທິບະດີຄວນ ກາໂລດທີ 1 ແຫ່ງແອສະປາຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Carolus_I_(rex_Hispaniae)" title="Ioannes Carolus I (rex Hispaniae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Carolus I (rex Hispaniae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huans_Karloss_I" title="Huans Karloss I – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Huans Karloss I" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I._vu_Spuenien" title="Juan Carlos I. vu Spuenien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Juan Carlos I. vu Spuenien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Karolis_I" title="Jonas Karolis I – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas Karolis I" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1roly_spanyol_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. János Károly spanyol király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. János Károly spanyol király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81_I" title="Хуан Карлос I – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хуан Карлос I" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="स्पेनचा पहिला हुआन कार्लोस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पेनचा पहिला हुआन कार्लोस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_I" title="ხუან კარლოს I – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხუან კარლოს I" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="خوان كارلوس الاولانى ملك اسبانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوان كارلوس الاولانى ملك اسبانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="خوآن کارلوس اول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوآن کارلوس اول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_dari_Sepanyol" title="Juan Carlos I dari Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Juan Carlos I dari Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%81%81" title="ဟူအန် ကာလို့စ် ၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟူအန် ကာလို့စ် ၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_van_Spanje" title="Juan Carlos I van Spanje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juan Carlos I van Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="フアン・カルロス1世 (スペイン王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フアン・カルロス1世 (スペイン王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuvanne_Carlo_I_%27e_Spagna" title="Giuvanne Carlo I 'e Spagna – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giuvanne Carlo I 'e Spagna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_av_Spania" title="Juan Carlos I av Spania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Juan Carlos I av Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_av_Spania" title="Juan Carlos I av Spania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Juan Carlos I av Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Carles_I_d%27Espanha" title="Joan Carles I d'Espanha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan Carles I d'Espanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لومړی خوان کارلوس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومړی خوان کارلوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9F%A1" title="ជូអាន ខាឡូសទី ១ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជូអាន ខាឡូសទី ១" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Karol_I" title="Jan Karol I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Karol I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_da_Espanha" title="Juan Carlos da Espanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juan Carlos da Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuan_Karlos_I" title="Xuan Karlos I – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xuan Karlos I" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_al_Spaniei" title="Juan Carlos I al Spaniei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Juan Carlos I al Spaniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81_I" title="Хуан Карлос I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хуан Карлос I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_o_Spain" title="Juan Carlos I o Spain – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Juan Carlos I o Spain" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_di_Spagna" title="Juan Carlos I di Spagna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Juan Carlos I di Spagna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Juan Carlos I of Spain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I." title="Juan Carlos I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Juan Carlos I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="خوان کارلۆسی یەکەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوان کارلۆسی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81_I_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Хуан Карлос I од Шпаније – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хуан Карлос I од Шпаније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_od_%C5%A0panije" title="Juan Carlos I od Španije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Juan Carlos I od Španije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juan Carlos I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_av_Spanien" title="Juan Carlos I av Spanien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juan Carlos I av Spanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_ng_Espanya" title="Juan Carlos I ng Espanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juan Carlos I ng Espanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="முதலாம் வான் கார்லோஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதலாம் வான் கார்லோஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuan_Karlos_I" title="Xuan Karlos I – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Xuan Karlos I" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฆวน การ์โลสที่ 1 แห่งสเปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฆวน การ์โลสที่ 1 แห่งสเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Juan_Carlos" title="I. Juan Carlos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Juan Carlos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81_I" title="Хуан Карлос I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хуан Карлос I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="خوان کارلوس اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوان کارلوس اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A0ni_Carlo_I_de_Spagna" title="Joàni Carlo I de Spagna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Joàni Carlo I de Spagna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_c%E1%BB%A7a_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Juan Carlos I của Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Juan Carlos I của Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_han_Espanya" title="Juan Carlos I han Espanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Juan Carlos I han Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="胡安·卡洛斯一世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡安·卡洛斯一世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="כואן קארלאס דער ערשטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כואן קארלאס דער ערשטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_%C3%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Sp%C3%A9%C3%ACn" title="Juan Carlos Àkọ́kọ́ ilẹ̀ Spéìn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Juan Carlos Àkọ́kọ́ ilẹ̀ Spéìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="環卡洛斯一世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="環卡洛斯一世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuans_Karluosos_I" title="Chuans Karluosos I – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Chuans Karluosos I" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Juan Carlos" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Juan Carlos (disambiguation)">Juan Carlos (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Borbón</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Borbón-Dos Sicilias</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Juan Carlos I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Juan Carlos aged 75" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg/220px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg/330px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg/440px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_2007_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Juan Carlos I in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">King of Spain</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_the_Spanish_Crown" title="List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">22 November 1975</span> – <span class="nowrap">19 June 2014</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthronement#Spain" title="Enthronement">Enthronement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a><br />(as <a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">Head of the State</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a><br />(as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Carlos Arias Navarro</a><br />(1975–1976)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago" title="Fernando de Santiago">Fernando de Santiago</a><br />(Jul. 1976)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a><br />(1976–1981)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo</a><br />(1981–1982)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a><br />(1982–1996)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a><br />(1996–2004)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a><br />(2004–2011)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> <br />(2011–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1938-01-05</span>) </span>5 January 1938<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 86)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Greece_and_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia of Greece and Denmark">Sophia of Greece and Denmark</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="14 May 1962">1962</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Family_and_private_life">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Cristina">Infanta Cristina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Spain" title="Catholic Church in Spain">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Juan Carlos I's signature"><img alt="Juan Carlos I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg/125px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg/188px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg/250px-Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="103" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1955–1975<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_general_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain general (Spain)">Captain general</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain#Military_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain">See list</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:130%; background: #f0eeff;padding: 4px; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="background: #f0eeff;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the King of Spain"><img alt="Coat of arms of the King of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="952" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; border-top: 1px solid #888888; padding: 0px 10px 0px 5px"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">The King</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen_Letizia_of_Spain" title="Queen Letizia of Spain">The Queen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">The Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Infanta Sofía of Spain">Infanta Sofía</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Juan Carlos I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Queen Sofía</a> </p> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;">Extended royal family</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">The Duchess of Lugo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_de_Marichalar_y_Borb%C3%B3n" title="Felipe de Marichalar y Borbón">Don Felipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_Marichalar_y_Borb%C3%B3n" title="Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón">Doña Victoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta Cristina of Spain">Infanta Cristina</a> <ul><li>Don Juan Valentín</li> <li>Don Pablo Nicolás</li> <li>Don Miguel</li> <li>Doña Irene</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Children of the late <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Pilar,_Duchess_of_Badajoz" title="Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz">Duchess of Badajoz</a></i>: </p> <ul><li>Doña Simoneta</li> <li>Don Bruno</li> <li>Don Luis</li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita,_Duchess_of_Soria" title="Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria">The Duchess of Soria and Hernani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Zurita,_Duke_of_Soria" title="Carlos Zurita, Duke of Soria">The Duke of Soria and Hernani</a> </p> <ul><li>Don Alfonso</li> <li>Doña María</li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne,_Duchess_of_Calabria" title="Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria">The Dowager Duchess of Calabria</a> </p> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:4px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_royal_family" title="Template:Spanish royal family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_royal_family" title="Template talk:Spanish royal family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_royal_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish royal family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Juan Carlos I</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xwaŋˈkaɾlos]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a> who reigned as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a> from 22 November 1975 until his <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdication</a> on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">rey emérito</i></span> ('king <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a>') by the press.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan Carlos is the son of <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a>, and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a>, the last king of Spain before the abolition of the monarchy in 1931 and the subsequent declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>. Juan Carlos was born in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy, during his family's exile. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> took over the government of Spain after his victory in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> in 1939, yet in 1947 Spain's status as a monarchy was affirmed and a law was passed allowing Franco to choose his successor. Juan Carlos's father assumed his claims to the throne after King Alfonso XIII died in February 1941. However, Franco saw Juan Carlos's father to be too liberal and in 1969 declared Juan Carlos his successor as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan Carlos spent his early years in Italy and came to Spain in 1947 to continue his studies. After completing his secondary education in 1955, he began his military training and entered the <a href="/wiki/General_Military_Academy" title="General Military Academy">General Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>. Later, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Escuela_Naval_Militar" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Naval Militar">Naval Military School</a> and the General Academy of the Air, and finished his tertiary education at the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">University of Madrid</a>. In 1962, Juan Carlos married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophia_of_Greece_and_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark">Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark</a> in Athens. The couple have three children: <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">Elena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta Cristina of Spain">Cristina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe</a>. Due to Franco's declining health, Juan Carlos first began periodically acting as Spain's head of state in the summer of 1974. In November the following year, Franco died and Juan Carlos became king. </p><p>Juan Carlos was expected to continue Franco's legacy, but instead introduced reforms to dismantle the Francoist regime and to begin the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a> soon after his accession. This led to the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a> in <a href="/wiki/1978_Spanish_constitutional_referendum" title="1978 Spanish constitutional referendum">a referendum</a> which re-established a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. In 1981, Juan Carlos played a major role in preventing <a href="/wiki/23-F" class="mw-redirect" title="23-F">a coup</a> that attempted to revert to Francoist government in the King's name. In 2008, he was considered the most popular leader across all <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hailed for his role in Spain's transition to democracy, the King and the monarchy's reputation began to suffer after controversies surrounding his family arose, exacerbated by the public controversy centering on an elephant-hunting trip he undertook during a time of financial crisis in Spain. </p><p>In June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favour of his son, who acceded to the throne as Felipe VI. Since August 2020, Juan Carlos has lived in self-imposed exile from Spain over allegedly improper ties to <a href="#2020_Saudi_rail_deal">business deals in Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minder_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minder-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times</i> estimated in 2014 that Juan Carlos's fortune was around 1.8 billion euros (2.3 billion U.S. dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María was born to <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a> in their family home in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, where his grandfather King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a> and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a> lived in exile following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> in 1931. He was baptized as Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a>. </p><p>Juan Carlos's early life was dictated largely by the political concerns of his father and General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>. He moved to Spain in 1948 to be educated there after his father persuaded Franco to allow it.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his studies in <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a> and finished them in 1954 at the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_San_Isidro" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto San Isidro">Instituto San Isidro</a> in Madrid. He then joined the army, doing his officer training from 1955 to 1957 at the <a href="/wiki/General_Military_Academy" title="General Military Academy">Military Academy of Zaragoza</a>. According to his sister Pilar, he had difficulty in his studies because of <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tremending_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tremending-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_(1_de_1)_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/220px-Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/330px-Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/440px-Juan_Carlos_de_Borb%C3%B3n_junto_a_su_padre_y_su_hermano_Alfonso_%281_de_1%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos (left) and Alfonso with their father Juan, Count of Barcelona, in 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>Juan Carlos has two sisters: <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Pilar,_Duchess_of_Badajoz" title="Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz">Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz</a> (1936–2020); and <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita,_Duchess_of_Soria" title="Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria">Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria</a> (born 1939). He also had a younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alfonso of Spain">Alfonso</a> (1941–1956). The rendering of his name as "Juan Carlos" (the first and second particles of his baptismal name) was a modification by choice of Franco.<sup id="cite_ref-orantos_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orantos-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was always known in his familiar circle simply as "Juan" or "Juanito".<sup id="cite_ref-orantos_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orantos-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brother's_death"><span id="Brother.27s_death"></span>Brother's death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Brother's death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the evening of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>, 29 March 1956, <a href="/wiki/Infante_of_Spain" title="Infante of Spain">Infante</a> Alfonso died in a gun accident at the family's home Villa Giralda in <a href="/wiki/Estoril" title="Estoril">Estoril</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a>. The Spanish Embassy in Portugal then issued the following official communiqué:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Whilst His Highness Prince Alfonso was cleaning a revolver last evening with his brother, a shot was fired hitting his forehead and killing him in a few minutes. The accident took place at 20.30 hours, after the Infante's return from the Maundy Thursday religious service, during which he had received <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">holy communion</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>Alfonso had won a local junior golf tournament earlier in the day, then went to evening Mass and rushed up to the room to see Juan Carlos who had come home for the Easter holidays from military school.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Juan Carlos, age 18, and Alfonso, age 14, had been apparently playing with a .22 caliber Long Automatic Star revolver owned by Alfonso.<sup id="cite_ref-vanitatis_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanitatis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they were alone in the room, it is unclear how Alfonso was shot, but according to Josefina Carolo, dressmaker to Juan Carlos's mother, Juan Carlos pointed the pistol at Alfonso and pulled the trigger, unaware that it was loaded. Bernardo Arnoso, a Portuguese friend of Juan Carlos, also said that Juan Carlos had told him he had fired the pistol not knowing that it was loaded,<sup id="cite_ref-vanitatis_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanitatis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adding that the bullet ricocheted off a wall, hitting Alfonso in the face. <a href="/wiki/Helena_Matheopoulos" title="Helena Matheopoulos">Helena Matheopoulos</a>, a Greek author who spoke with the infantes' sister Pilar, said that Alfonso had been out of the room and when he returned and pushed the door open, the door knocked Juan Carlos in the arm, causing him to fire the pistol.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After learning this news, the Count of Barcelona reportedly grabbed Juan Carlos by the neck and shouted at him angrily, "Swear to me that you didn't do it on purpose!"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days later, the Count sent his son back to the military academy.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a later declaration of Juan Carlos's mother, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Preston" title="Paul Preston">Paul Preston</a> argues that the content of the former testimony implies that Juan Carlos had pointed the gun at Alfonso, apparently not knowing that the gun was loaded, and pulled the trigger.<sup id="cite_ref-vanitatis_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanitatis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, Juan Carlos spent a year in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">naval</a> school at <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADn,_Pontevedra" title="Marín, Pontevedra">Marín, Pontevedra</a>, and another in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Air Force</a> school in <a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_Murcia" title="San Javier, Murcia">San Javier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>. In 1960–61, he studied law, <a href="/wiki/International_political_economy" title="International political economy">international political economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">public finance</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then went to live in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Zarzuela" title="Palace of Zarzuela">Palace of Zarzuela</a> and began carrying out official engagements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prince_of_Spain">Prince of Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prince of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Spain" title="Prince of Spain">Prince of Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_(_1936_1939_)_w,_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-In_Madrid_is_herdacht_dat_Franco_30_jaar_geleden_de_burgeroorlog_%28_1936_1939_%29_w%2C_Bestanddeelnr_922-4913_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="2106" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> in 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>The dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco came to power during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, which pitted a government of democrats, anarchists, socialists, and communists, supported by the Soviet Union and international volunteers, against a rebellion of conservatives, monarchists, nationalists, and fascists, supported by both Hitler and Mussolini, with the rebels ultimately winning.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franco's authoritarian government remained dominant in Spain until the 1960s. With Franco's increasing age, left-wing protests increased, while at the same time, the far right factions demanded the return of a hardline <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>. At the time, the heir to the throne of Spain was Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, the son of King Alfonso XIII.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Franco viewed him with extreme suspicion, believing him to be a liberal who was opposed to his regime.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan Carlos's first cousin <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz</a>, was also briefly considered as a candidate. Alfonso was known to be an ardent Francoist and married Franco's granddaughter, Doña <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Carmen_Mart%C3%ADnez-Bordi%C3%BA_y_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco">María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco</a>, in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, Franco decided to skip a generation and name Infante Juan Carlos as his personal successor. Franco hoped the young prince could be groomed to take over the nation while still maintaining the ultraconservative and authoritarian nature of his regime.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, Juan Carlos was officially designated <a href="/wiki/Heir-apparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir-apparent">heir-apparent</a> and was given the new title of <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Spain" title="Prince of Spain">Prince of Spain</a> (not the traditional <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias" title="Prince of Asturias">Prince of Asturias</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a condition of being named heir-apparent, he was required to swear loyalty to Franco's <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Nacional" title="Movimiento Nacional">Movimiento Nacional</a>, which he did with little outward hesitation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His choice was ratified by the Spanish parliament on 22 July 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan Carlos met and consulted Franco many times while heir apparent and often took part in official and ceremonial state functions, standing alongside the dictator, much to the anger of hardline republicans and more moderate liberals, who hoped that Franco's death would bring in an era of reform. During 1969–1975, Juan Carlos publicly supported Franco's regime. Although Franco's health worsened during those years, whenever he did appear in public, from state dinners to military parades, it was in Juan Carlos's company. However, as the years progressed, Juan Carlos began meeting secretly with political opposition leaders and exiles, who were fighting to bring liberal reform to the country. He also had secret conversations with his father over the telephone. Franco, for his part, remained largely oblivious to the prince's actions and denied allegations from his ministers and advisors that Juan Carlos was in any way disloyal to his vision of the regime.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During periods of Franco's temporary incapacity in 1974 and 1975, Juan Carlos was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regents" title="List of Spanish regents">acting head of state</a>. On 30 October 1975, Franco gave full control to Juan Carlos.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to declassified CIA reports, during this time Juan Carlos secretly acquiesced and arranged with King <a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Hassan II of Morocco">Hassan II of Morocco</a> the terms of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-esp_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esp-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the partial invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a> by Moroccan civilians, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Accords" title="Madrid Accords">Madrid Accords</a> handing over the control of the territory to Morocco and <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-esp_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esp-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_,_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg/300px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg/450px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg/600px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9763.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4311" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Proclamation as king at the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_las_Cortes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de las Cortes">Palacio de las Cortes</a> on 22 November 1975</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros,_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg/300px-Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg/450px-Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg/600px-Escuadr%C3%B3n_de_Lanceros%2C_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1145" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos in 1977</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Reign of Juan Carlos I of Spain">Reign of Juan Carlos I of Spain</a></div> <p>Franco died on 20 November 1975, and two days later on 22 November the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Espa%C3%B1olas" title="Cortes Españolas">Cortes Españolas</a> proclaimed Juan Carlos King of Spain. In his address to the Cortes, Juan Carlos spoke of three factors: historical tradition, national laws, and the will of the people, and in so doing referred to a process dating back to the Civil War of 1936–39.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He swore using the following formula: "I swear to God and the Gospels to comply and enforce compliance to the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Laws_of_the_Realm" title="Fundamental Laws of the Realm">Fundamental Laws of the Realm</a> and to remain loyal to the Principles of the <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Nacional" title="Movimiento Nacional">National Movement</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 November, a Mass of the Holy Spirit was celebrated in the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Jer%C3%B3nimo_el_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jerónimo el Real">San Jerónimo el Real</a> in Madrid to inaugurate his reign. He opted not to call himself Juan III or Carlos V, but Juan Carlos I.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernecker_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Carlos is reported to have been pressured by <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> to personally tell Chilean dictator <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, who had traveled to Spain for Franco's funeral, not to attend his inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition">Transition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></div> <p>Juan Carlos's accession met with relatively little parliamentary opposition. Some members of the <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Nacional" title="Movimiento Nacional">Movimiento Nacional</a> voted against recognizing him, and even more voted against the 1976 Law for Political Reform. But a majority of Movimiento members supported both measures.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Carlos quickly instituted reforms, to the great displeasure of <a href="/wiki/Falangist" class="mw-redirect" title="Falangist">Falangist</a> and conservative (<a href="/wiki/Monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist">monarchist</a>) elements, especially in the military, who had expected him to maintain the authoritarian state.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1976, Juan Carlos dismissed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Carlos Arias Navarro</a>, who had been attempting to continue Francoist policies in the face of the King's attempts at democratization.<sup id="cite_ref-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He instead appointed <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a>, a former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Nacional_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Nacional (Spain)">Movimiento Nacional</a>, as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further legitimacy was restored to Juan Carlos's position on 14 May 1977, when his father (whom many monarchists had recognized as the legitimate, exiled King of Spain during the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco era</a>) formally renounced his claim to the throne and recognized his son as the sole head of the Spanish Royal House, transferring to him the historical heritage of the Spanish monarchy, thus making Juan Carlos both <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> king in the eyes of the traditional monarchists.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 May 1977, the leader of the only recently legalized <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE), <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a>, visited Juan Carlos in the Zarzuela Palace. The event represented a key endorsement of the monarchy from Spain's <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">political left</a>, who had been historically <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left-wing support for the monarchy had grown when the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">Communist Party of Spain</a> was legalized on 9 April 1977, a move Juan Carlos had pressed for, despite enormous right-wing military opposition at that time, during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. </p><p>On 15 June 1977, Spain held <a href="/wiki/1977_Spanish_general_election" title="1977 Spanish general election">its first post-Franco democratic elections</a>. Juan Carlos had played a role as middleman in order to channel $10 million from <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">the Shah of Iran</a> to Adolfo Suárez's election campaign, reportedly asking the Shah for the money to "save Spain from Marxism".<sup id="cite_ref-EoghanGilmartin_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoghanGilmartin-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (September 2024)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Juan_Carlos_I#Allegations_in_section_on_transition" title="Talk:Juan Carlos I">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Suárez went on to win the election and become the first democratically elected leader of the new regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG/400px-King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG/600px-King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG/800px-King_Juan_Carlos_I_Royal_Trips.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Royal trips of King Juan Carlos I from 1975 until 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1978, the government promulgated a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">new constitution</a> that acknowledged Juan Carlos as rightful heir of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> and king; specifically, Title II, Section 57 asserted Juan Carlos's right to the throne of Spain by dynastic succession in the Bourbon tradition, as "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" rather than as the designated successor of Franco.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiki_Source_Spa_Constitution_78_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiki_Source_Spa_Constitution_78-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution was passed by the democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Cortes" title="Constituent Cortes">Constituent Cortes</a>, ratified by the people in a referendum (6 December) and then signed into law by the King before a solemn meeting of the Cortes.<sup id="cite_ref-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1981_coup_d'état_attempt"><span id="1981_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat_attempt"></span>1981 coup d'état attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1981 coup d'état attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt">1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt</a></div> <p>An attempted military coup, known as 23-F, occurred on 23 February 1981, when the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes</a> were seized by members of the <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Civil">Guardia Civil</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chambers_of_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers of parliament">parliamentary chamber</a>. During the coup, the King, wearing his uniform as Captain-General of the Armed Forces, gave a public <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">television broadcast</a> calling for unambiguous support for the legitimate democratic government. The broadcast is believed to have been a major factor in foiling the coup. The coup leaders had promised many of their potential supporters that they were acting in the King's name and with his approval, but were unable to demonstrate either, and the broadcast — coming just after midnight on the night of the coup — definitively showed the King's opposition to the coup makers.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Juan Carlos became king, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">Communist</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Carrillo" title="Santiago Carrillo">Santiago Carrillo</a> had nicknamed him <i>Juan Carlos the Brief</i>, predicting that the monarchy would soon be swept away with the other remnants of the Franco era.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the collapse of the attempted coup however, in an emotional statement, Carrillo remarked: "Today, we are all monarchists."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public support for the monarchy among democrats and leftists, which had been limited before 1981, increased significantly following the king's handling of the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, this event remains controversial and has led to several <a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Alternative_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt">alternative theories</a> that cast doubt on the sincerity of the King's defense of democracy. The King had close ties with the leader of the rebellion, who had served him as Secretary General of the Royal Household. Above all, Juan Carlos and the main political parties were aware of a plan to put General <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Armada" title="Alfonso Armada">Alfonso Armada</a> in charge of the government, particularly in order to crack down on the <a href="/wiki/Basque_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque independence">Basque independence</a> organization <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">Euskadi ta Askatasuna</a> (ETA). Although Juan Carlos strongly condemned the coup attempt — more than six hours after the armed guards invaded Congress — it is still difficult to establish whether he acted out of democratic conviction or because the operation was not going as well as expected, with little support. The reasons for the trial of the coup plotters are still classified.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_role_in_Spanish_politics">Later role in Spanish politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later role in Spanish politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5000pelas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/5000pelas.JPG/300px-5000pelas.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/5000pelas.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>A 5,000-<a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Spanish peseta</a> note bearing the image of King Juan Carlos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg/300px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg/450px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Juan_Carlos_I-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of Juan Carlos and Sofía with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina" title="Lyudmila Putina">Lyudmila Putina</a> in 2000 during an official state visit of the latter to Spain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrus_Ansip,_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg/300px-Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg/450px-Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg/600px-Andrus_Ansip%2C_Juan_Carlos_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos with Estonian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrus_Ansip" title="Andrus Ansip">Andrus Ansip</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> in May 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/300px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/450px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/600px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>2007 <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Summit" title="Ibero-American Summit">Ibero-American Summit</a> in Santiago de Chile</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1982_Spanish_general_election" title="1982 Spanish general election">victory of the PSOE in 1982 under González</a> marked the effective end of the King's active involvement in Spanish politics. González governed for 14 years, longer than any other democratically elected Prime Minister. His administration helped consolidate Spanish democracy and thus maintained the stability of the nation. </p><p>On paper, Juan Carlos retained fairly extensive <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a>. He was the guardian of the Constitution and was responsible for ensuring that it was obeyed. In practice, since the passage of the Constitution (and especially since 1982), he took a mostly non-partisan and representative role, acting almost entirely on the advice of the government. However, he commanded great <a href="/wiki/Moral_authority" title="Moral authority">moral authority</a> as an essential symbol of the country's unity. </p><p>Under the Constitution, the King has immunity from prosecution in matters relating to his official duties. Consequently, he exercised most of his powers through the ministers; his acts as King (and not as a citizen) were not valid unless countersigned by a minister, who became politically responsible for the act in question. </p><p>As head of the Spanish state, Juan Carlos "held political power, gave his opinion and exerted his influence in the economic sphere, for example, in the area of company mergers or public policy during the transition period," analyses journalist <a href="/wiki/Ana_Pardo_de_Vera" title="Ana Pardo de Vera">Ana Pardo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The honour of the royal family is specifically protected from insult by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Penal Code">Spanish Penal Code</a>. Under this protection, Basque independentist <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Otegi" title="Arnaldo Otegi">Arnaldo Otegi</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBCslander_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCslander-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cartoonists from <i><a href="/wiki/El_Jueves" title="El Jueves">El Jueves</a></i> were tried and punished. </p><p>The King gave an annual speech to the nation on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> and was, as King, the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the Spanish armed forces. </p><p>In October 1990, Juan Carlos visited the <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> amidst the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Chilean transition to democracy</a>. While he and the Queen were cheered by some, groups of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a> approached the king some to protest past colonialism and others to have the King ratify past Mapuche-Spanish treaties. According to <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> political infighting between Mapuches prevented Juan Carlos from hosting an official meeting with Mapuche representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2000, Juan Carlos was the target of an enraged protester when former priest <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez_y_Krohn" title="Juan María Fernández y Krohn">Juan María Fernández y Krohn</a>, who had once attacked <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, breached security and attempted to approach the king.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the media asked Juan Carlos in 2005 whether he would endorse the bill legalising <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">same-sex marriage</a> that was then being debated in the <i>Cortes Generales</i>, he answered <i>"Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica"</i> ("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") – a reference to King <a href="/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium" title="Baudouin of Belgium">Baudouin of Belgium</a>, who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King gave his <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a> to Law 13/2005 on 1 July 2005; the law legalising same-sex marriage was <a href="/wiki/Gazette" title="Gazette">gazetted</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> on 2 July, and came into effect on 3 July.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a poll in the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i> in November 2005, 77.5% of Spaniards thought Juan Carlos was "good or very good", 15.4% "not so good", and only 7.1% "bad or very bad". Even so, the issue of the monarchy re-emerged on 28 September 2007 as photos of the king were burnt in public in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> by small groups of protesters wanting the restoration of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_Ibero-American_Summit">2007 Ibero-American Summit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2007 Ibero-American Summit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas?">¿Por qué no te callas?</a></div> <p>In November 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Summit" title="Ibero-American Summit">Ibero-American Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, during a heated exchange, Juan Carlos interrupted <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Venezuela">Venezuelan President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, saying, "<i><a href="/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas?">¿Por qué no te callas?</a></i>" ("Why don't you shut up?"). Chávez had been interrupting the Spanish Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a>, while the latter was defending his predecessor and political opponent, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a>, after Chávez had referred to Aznar as a fascist and "less human than snakes". The King shortly afterwards left the hall when President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> of Nicaragua accused Spain of intervention in his country's elections and complained about some Spanish energy companies working in Nicaragua.<sup id="cite_ref-antena3-20071111_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antena3-20071111-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an unprecedented diplomatic incident and a rare display of public anger by the King.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Budget_of_the_royal_house">Budget of the royal house</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Budget of the royal house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juan Carlos detailed for the first time in 2011 the yearly royal budget of €8.3 million, excluding expenses such as the electricity bill, paid by the State.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Botswana_hunting_trip">Botswana hunting trip</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Botswana hunting trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2012, Juan Carlos faced criticism for an elephant-hunting trip in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian120415_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian120415-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tg120412_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tg120412-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt120415_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt120415-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public found out about the trip only after the King injured himself and a special aircraft was sent to bring him home.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish officials stated that the expenses of the trip were not paid by taxpayers or by the palace, but by Mohamed Eyad Kayali, a businessman of <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrian</a> origin. Cayo Lara Moya of the United Left party said the King's trip "demonstrated a lack of ethics and respect toward many people in this country who are suffering a lot"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt120415_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt120415-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Tomás Gómez of the Socialist party said Juan Carlos should choose between "public responsibilities or an abdication".<sup id="cite_ref-bbcrow_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcrow-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2012, Spain's unemployment was at 23% and nearly 50% for young workers.<sup id="cite_ref-ap120415_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap120415-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> estimated the total cost of a hunting trip at €44,000, about twice the average annual salary in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-ap120415_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap120415-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A petition called for the king to resign from his position as honorary president of the Spanish branch of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcrow_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcrow-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WWF itself responded by asking for an interview with the King to resolve the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, <a href="/wiki/WWF_Spain" title="WWF Spain">WWF Spain</a> held a meeting in Madrid and decided with 226 votes to 13 to remove the King from its honorary presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-ap120721_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap120721-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later apologised for the hunting trip.<sup id="cite_ref-ft12_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up until the Botswana elephant trip, Juan Carlos had enjoyed a high level of shielding from media scrutiny, described as "rare among Western leaders".<sup id="cite_ref-EoghanGilmartin_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoghanGilmartin-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interfaith_work">Interfaith work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interfaith work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the 500th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> in 1992, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia visited the <a href="/wiki/Beth_Yaacov_Synagogue_(Madrid)" title="Beth Yaacov Synagogue (Madrid)">Beth Yaacov Synagogue in Madrid</a>, led by Chief Rabbif of Madrid <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Benasouli" title="Yehuda Benasouli">Yehuda Benasouli</a> to commemorate the occasion. While Sofia had been to the synagogue in the 1970s, the occasion marked the first time that the king had visited a synagogue in Spain. The Spanish royals were joined by <a href="/wiki/Israeli_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli President">Israeli President</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Chaim Herzog</a>, Herzog's predecessor <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Navon" title="Yitzhak Navon">Yitzhak Navon</a>, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Gaon" title="Solomon Gaon">Solomon Gaon</a> and other Israeli and Spanish officials. Also present were descendants of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Senior" title="Abraham Senior">Abraham Senior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Abarbanel" title="Isaac Abarbanel">Isaac Abarbanel</a>, who had unsuccessfully petitioned <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">King Ferdinand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Queen Isabella</a> to retract the edict.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JTA1992_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTA1992-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Juan Carlos spoke at the opening of a 3-day Saudi-sponsored World Conference on Dialogue interfaith conference at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_El_Pardo" title="Royal Palace of El Pardo">Royal Palace of El Pardo</a> outside Madrid. The conference was attended by <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia</a>, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/David_Rosen_(rabbi)" title="David Rosen (rabbi)">David Rosen</a>, and former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdication">Abdication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Abdication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Juan_Carlos_I" title="Abdication of Juan Carlos I">Abdication of Juan Carlos I</a></div> <p>Spanish <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">news media</a> started to speculate about the King's future in 2013, following public criticism over his taking an elephant hunting safari in Botswana and an embezzlement scandal involving his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta Cristina of Spain">Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca</a>, and her husband <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1aki_Urdangarin" title="Iñaki Urdangarin">Iñaki Urdangarin</a>. The King's private secretary, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Spottorno" title="Rafael Spottorno">Rafael Spottorno</a>, denied in a briefing that the "<a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdication</a> option" was being considered.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg/260px-Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg/390px-Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg/520px-Firmaleyabdicacionjuancarlos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos I signing his abdication law. Next to him, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, countersigner of the law. (18 June 2014).</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 2 June 2014, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> made a televised announcement that the King had told him of his intention to abdicate. Later, the King delivered a televised address and announced that he would abdicate the throne in favour of the Prince of Asturias.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royal officials described the King's choice as a personal decision which he had been contemplating since his 76th birthday at the start of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King reportedly said, "No queremos que mi hijo se marchite esperando como el príncipe Carlos." (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: "We do not want my son to wither waiting like <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Prince Charles</a>.")<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As required by the Spanish constitution, any abdication would be settled by means of an <a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_(Spain)" title="Organic Law (Spain)">organic law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spanish_Constitution_of_1978_BOE_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spanish_Constitution_of_1978_BOE-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A draft law was passed with 299 in favour, 19 against and 23 abstaining.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 June, he signed the organic law passed by parliament several hours before his abdication took effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Cabinet_meeting_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cabinet_meeting-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Felipe was enthroned on 19 June 2014, and Juan Carlos's granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor</a> became the new <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess of Asturias">Princess of Asturias</a>. Juan Carlos was the fourth European monarch to abdicate in just over a year, following <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> (28 February 2013), <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen Beatrix</a> of the Netherlands (30 April 2013), and <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">King Albert II</a> of Belgium (21 July 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish constitution at the time of the abdication did not grant an abdicated monarch the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">legal immunity</a> of a head of state,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the government changed the law to allow this.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike his previous immunity, the new legislation left him accountable to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">supreme court</a>, in a similar type of protection afforded to many high-ranking civil servants and politicians in Spain. The legislation stipulates that all outstanding legal matters relating to the former king be suspended and passed "immediately" to the supreme court.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reactions">Reactions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg/260px-Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg/390px-Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg/520px-Madrid_-_Manifestaci%C3%B3n_republicana_-_140602_210231-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5104" data-file-height="3403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republican</a> demonstration in the <a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Sol" title="Puerta del Sol">Puerta del Sol</a> on the day that Juan Carlos announced his decision to abdicate</figcaption></figure> <p>The Spanish press gave the announcement a broadly positive reception, but described the moment as an "institutional crisis" and "a very important moment in the history of democratic Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around Spain and in major cities (including London) the news was met by <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> celebration and protests, calling for the end of the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catalan leader <a href="/wiki/Artur_Mas" title="Artur Mas">Artur Mas</a> said that the news of the King's abdication would not slow down the process of independence for <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1igo_Urkullu" title="Iñigo Urkullu">Iñigo Urkullu</a>, the President of the Basque government, concluded that the King's reign was "full of light yet also darkness" and said that his successor Felipe should remember that "the Basque Question has not been resolved".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other regional leaders had more positive evaluations of Juan Carlos following his decision to abdicate: <a href="/wiki/Alberto_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Feij%C3%B3o" title="Alberto Núñez Feijóo">Alberto Núñez Feijóo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> called him "the King of Democracy" who "guaranteed the continuation of constitutional monarchy"<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fabra" title="Alberto Fabra">Alberto Fabra</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a> said that Spaniards are proud of their king who had been "at the forefront of protecting our interests inside and outside of our borders".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> stated: "I would like to use this opportunity to make a tribute to King Juan Carlos, who has done so much during his reign to aid the successful Spanish transition to democracy, and has been a great friend of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>, said that Juan Carlos was a "believer in Europeanism and modernity...without whom one could not understand modern Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish public also gave a broadly positive opinion not only of the abdication but of his reign as a whole. According to a poll taken by <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i>, 65% saw the King's reign as either good or very good, up from 41.3%. Overall, 55.7% of those polled in the 3–5 June survey by Sigma Dos supported the institution of the monarchy in Spain, up from 49.9% when the same question was posed six months prior. 57.5% believed the Prince could restore the royal family's lost prestige. An overwhelming majority of Spaniards believed the new King, Felipe VI, would make a good monarch and more than three-quarters believed King Juan Carlos had been right to hand over the throne to his son.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After abdication, Juan Carlos continued to have a role as institutional representative of the Crown. </p><p>From June 2014 to June 2019, he attended several Latin American presidential inaugurations such as the second inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> as president of Colombia,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Tabaré Vázquez">Tabaré Vázquez</a> as president of Uruguay,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Mauricio_Macri" title="Inauguration of Mauricio Macri">inauguration of Mauricio Macri</a> as president of Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also represented the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Crown</a> in different cultural<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sports<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> events, funerals,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and awards ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the former sovereign was also present in the events about the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 May 2019, King Juan Carlos announced by a letter to his son Felipe his intention to retire from public life on 2 June 2019, five years after his abdication.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2019_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2019-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_investigations">Corruption investigations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Corruption investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_Saudi_rail_deal">2020 Saudi rail deal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2020 Saudi rail deal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talgo_350_SRO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Talgo_350_SRO.jpg/220px-Talgo_350_SRO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Talgo_350_SRO.jpg/330px-Talgo_350_SRO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Talgo_350_SRO.jpg/440px-Talgo_350_SRO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>The construction of <a href="/wiki/Haramain_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haramain high-speed railway">a high-speed railway</a> in Saudi Arabia was allegedly coordinated with kick-backs to Juan Carlos during the late 2000s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Recordings of the former King's alleged mistress <a href="/wiki/Corinna_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn" title="Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn">Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn</a> speaking with a former police chief were leaked to the press in mid-2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2018_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2018-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sayn-Wittgenstein claimed that Juan Carlos received <a href="/wiki/Kickback_(bribery)" title="Kickback (bribery)">kick-backs</a> from commercial contracts in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf States</a> – particularly in the late-2000s construction of the €6.7 billion <a href="/wiki/Haramain_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haramain high-speed railway">Haramain high-speed railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> – and maintained these proceeds in a <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">bank account in Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2018_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2018-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She alleged that he purchased properties in Monaco under her name to circumvent the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Monaco#Tax_haven" title="Economy of Monaco">tax treatment of lawful residents</a>, stating "[not] because he [loved] me a lot, but because I reside in Monaco."<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2018_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2018-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She further claimed the head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">Spanish intelligence service</a> warned her that her life, and those of her children, would be at risk if she spoke of their association. The allegations drew demands for Juan Carlos to be investigated for corruption in early June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2019_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2019-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swiss authorities began investigating Juan Carlos in March 2020 in relation to a $100 million gift to Sayn-Wittgenstein in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This donation was linked to alleged kick-back fees from Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sayn-Wittgenstein reportedly told the head Swiss prosecutor on 19 December 2018 that Juan Carlos had given her €65 million out of "gratitude and love", to guarantee her future and her children's, because "he still had hopes to win her back".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter written by Juan Carlos to his Swiss lawyers in 2018 stated the gift was irrevocable, despite his having asked in 2014 for the return of the money.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 March 2020, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i> reported that his son Felipe, King of Spain since 2014, appeared as second beneficiary (after Juan Carlos) of the Lucum Foundation, which had received a €65 million donation by King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah of Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Household_of_Spain" title="Royal Household of Spain">Royal Household</a> declared that Felipe VI would renounce any inheritance from his father. Additionally, the Household announced that the former king would lose his public stipend from the State's General Budget.<sup id="cite_ref-abc2020_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc2020-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2020, the public prosecutor's office of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a> agreed to investigate Juan Carlos's role as facilitator in <a href="/wiki/Haramain_high-speed_railway#Phase_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Haramain high-speed railway">Phase II of the high speed rail connecting Mecca and Medina</a>, intending to determine the criminal relevance of events that took place after his abdication in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As King of Spain, Juan Carlos was immune from prosecution from 1975 to 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">sovereign immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further investigation by Swiss authorities was undertaken regarding €3.5 million paid from the Lucum Foundation to the Bahamas-based bank Pictet & Ciein for a society called Dolphin, which was controlled by the lawyer Dante Canónica, who also controlled Lucum.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021, the Swiss prosecutors dropped all cases due to the impossibility of proving any illegality.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Credit_cards_and_bank_accounts">Credit cards and bank accounts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Credit cards and bank accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spanish prosecutors opened an investigation into the use by Juan Carlos and other members of the royal family of credit cards used between 2016 and 2018 which were paid for by an overseas account to which neither Juan Carlos nor any member of the royal family were signatories, leading to accusations that the funds are undisclosed assets of Juan Carlos, and as the card drawings exceeded €120,000 in one year, comprised undisclosed income and was therefore a tax offence in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexican millionaire and investment banker Allen Sanginés-Krause has been named as the owner of the cards, a friend of Juan Carlos to whom he donated sums of money using Air Force Colonel Nicolás Murga Mendoza as an intermediary.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, Juan Carlos reportedly paid 678,393.72 euros to Spain's tax agency for the concept of defrauded money in an affair of "opaque credit cards" used between 2016 and 2018 by himself, his wife and some grandchildren, intending to avoid further scrutiny from the Supreme Court's prosecutor, the payment being an admission of fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swiss and Spanish prosecutors also investigated several accounts related to the former King, such as an account in Switzerland with almost €8 million<sup id="cite_ref-ElN1111_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElN1111-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an attempt to withdraw nearly €10 million from <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>, possibly from a trust set up by or for Juan Carlos in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Carlos claims he is "not responsible for any Jersey trust and never has been, either directly or indirectly".<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022, Spanish prosecutors closed all cases against him<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the same decision from Swiss prosecutors in December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zagatka_Foundation">Zagatka Foundation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Zagatka Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in Liechtenstein in 2003 and owned by Álvaro de Orleans-Borbón, a distant cousin of Juan Carlos who lives in Monaco received a large sum of money from Switzerland, Juan Carlos is named as the third beneficiary.<sup id="cite_ref-w24n163_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w24n163-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009 Álvaro de Orleans-Borbón paid a cheque from Mexico for €4.3 million into the account which the Swiss adjudicated belonged to Juan Carlos.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juan Carlos appears to have drawn down funds from the Zagatka foundation to spend €8 million between 2009 and 2018 on private flights, with <a href="/wiki/Air_Partner" title="Air Partner">Air Partner</a> receiving around €6.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zagatka used commissions due to Juan Carlos and paid to Zagatka to invest millions, mainly in Ibex35 companies between 2003 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 February 2021, Juan Carlos paid 4 million euros to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tax_Agency" title="Spanish Tax Agency">Spanish Tax Agency</a> to avoid new tax offenses in relation with these flights.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lucum_foundation">Lucum foundation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lucum foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Panamanian Lucum foundation had Juan Carlos as the first beneficiary and <a href="/wiki/King_Felipe_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King Felipe VI">King Felipe VI</a> as a named second beneficiary,<sup id="cite_ref-w24n163_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w24n163-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Felipe has subsequently relinquished any inheritance from his father Juan Carlos.<sup id="cite_ref-elp137_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elp137-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucum received $100 million from the Saudi royal house in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-elp137_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elp137-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiss prosecutors are concerned about who at the Swiss bank <a href="/wiki/Mirabaud_Group" title="Mirabaud Group">Mirabaud & Cie</a> knows who the account was for and what was discovered about the source of the funds from the Ministry of Finance of Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also concerned about a transfer of €3.5m from Lucum to an account held by Dante Canónica in the Bahamas.<sup id="cite_ref-elp137_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elp137-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 the Mirabaud bank, which had concealed from its employees the beneficial owner of the account,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asked for the account to be closed, due to possible adverse publicity; this was when the bulk of the funds were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Corinna_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn" title="Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn">Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_harassment">Claims of harassment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Claims of harassment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, Sayn-Wittgenstein, resident in the United Kingdom, filed an harassment case in London against Juan Carlos, claiming he'd pressured her to return the money given to her after their break up in 2012. In 2022, Juan Carlos won an appeal that he had immunity from those allegations relating to 2012-2014 when he was still King.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the High Court of England and Wales threw out the case on the grounds that it had no jurisdiction in the matter, but made no judgement as to the substance of the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocation_abroad">Relocation abroad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Relocation abroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_(retallat).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg/220px-J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg/330px-J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg/440px-J._Warx_-_Tipo_Inc%C3%B3gnito_%28retallat%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>Satirical mural in <a href="/wiki/Benimaclet" title="Benimaclet">Benimaclet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A8ncia" class="mw-redirect" title="València">València</a>, about Juan Carlos's relocation to Abu Dhabi.<br />(The caption 'Juancar? Who is Juancar? My name is <a href="/wiki/Fear_of_Flying_(The_Simpsons)" title="Fear of Flying (The Simpsons)">Guy Incognito</a>', is a reference to an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 August 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Household_of_Spain" title="Royal Household of Spain">Royal Household</a> announced Juan Carlos wished to relocate from Spain because of increased media press about his business dealings in Saudi Arabia, and he had left a letter to his son saying so.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time the letter had been made public, he had already left the country.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalists speculated that he might have fled to the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Minder_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minder-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, later, as of 7 August, the <a href="/wiki/Emirates_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates Palace">Emirates Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Household initially declined requests to publicly disclose Juan Carlos's location;<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 17 August, the Royal Household confirmed that, since 3 August, Juan Carlos had been in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, where he arrived by taking a private plane from <a href="/wiki/Vigo%E2%80%93Peinador_Airport" title="Vigo–Peinador Airport">Vigo Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, he has visited Spain regularly, mainly the town of <a href="/wiki/Sanxenxo" title="Sanxenxo">Sanxenxo</a>, in the north of Spain, to do one of his favorite activities, sailing.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also present at the private celebration that the Spanish royal family made at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_El_Pardo" title="Royal Palace of El Pardo">Royal Palace of El Pardo</a> to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor</a>'s 18th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_private_life">Family and private life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Family and private life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Juan_Carlos_and_Princess_Sophia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding of Prince Juan Carlos and Princess Sophia">Juan Carlos was married on 14 May 1962</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophia_of_Greece_and_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark">Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/King_Paul_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="King Paul of Greece">King Paul of Greece</a>, firstly in a Roman Catholic ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite">Church of St. Denis</a>, followed by a Greek Orthodox ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens">Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens</a>. She converted from <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodoxy">Greek Orthodoxy</a> to Roman Catholicism. They have three children: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo</a> (born 20 December 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta Cristina of Spain">Infanta Cristina</a> (born 13 June 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King Felipe VI of Spain">King Felipe VI of Spain</a> (born 30 January 1968)</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_,_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg/220px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg/330px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg/440px-De_proclamatie_en_be%C3%ABdiging_van_Prins_Juan_Carlos_tot_Koning_van_Spanje_tijdens_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_254-9764.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4328" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>Juan Carlos, Sofía and their three children in 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>Juan Carlos is also allegedly the father of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sol%C3%A0" title="Albert Solà">Albert Solà</a>, born in Barcelona in 1956, also of a woman born in Catalonia in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of Ingrid Sartiau, a Belgian woman born in 1966 who has filed a paternity suit,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but complete <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">sovereign immunity</a> prevented that suit prior to his abdication.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juan Carlos had several extramarital affairs, which adversely affected his marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the former police official <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Villarejo" title="José Manuel Villarejo">José Manuel Villarejo</a> testified that Juan Carlos was given hormones to reduce his sex drive, as it was seen as a state problem.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Juan Carlos, a keen sailor, competed in the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(keelboat)" title="Dragon (keelboat)">Dragon class</a> event at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a>, finishing <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Dragon" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Dragon">15th</a>. During their <a href="/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">summer holidays</a>, the whole family spends time at <a href="/wiki/Marivent_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Marivent Palace">Marivent Palace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>) and on the yacht <i>Fortuna</i>, where they would take part in sailing competitions. The king has manned the Bribón series of yachts. In winter, the family often went <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baqueira-Beret" title="Baqueira-Beret">Baqueira-Beret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candanch%C3%BA" title="Candanchú">Candanchú</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>). At present, his hobbies include classic sailing boats.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also <a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">hunts bears</a>; in October 2004, he angered <a href="/wiki/Environmental_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental activists">environmental activists</a> by killing nine bears in central Romania, one of which was pregnant.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was alleged by the Russian regional authorities that in August 2006 Juan Carlos shot a drunken tame bear (Mitrofan the Bear) during a private hunting trip to Russia; the Office of the Spanish Monarchy denied this claim.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Scout_Foundation" title="World Scout Foundation">World Scout Foundation</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(medicine)" title="Nodule (medicine)">benign 17–19 mm tumour</a> was removed under general anaesthetic from King Juan Carlos's right <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a> in an operation carried out in the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Cl%C3%ADnic_de_Barcelona" title="Hospital Clínic de Barcelona">Hospital Clínic de Barcelona</a> in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation followed an annual check-up, and Juan Carlos was not expected to need any further treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was treated in Clinica Planas.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2012, the King underwent surgery for a triple fracture of the hip at the San Jose Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, following a fall on a private elephant-hunting trip to Botswana.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also underwent a hip operation in September 2013 at Madrid's Quirón hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2018, Juan Carlos was admitted to hospital for a surgery on his right knee.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 August 2019 he had <a href="/wiki/Heart_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart surgery">heart surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His life between 1948 and 1993 is dealt in the 2014 miniseries <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_rey_(2014_TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El rey (2014 TV series) (page does not exist)">El rey</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Rey_(serie_de_televisi%C3%B3n)" class="extiw" title="es:El Rey (serie de televisión)">es</a>]</span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021, there are four television projects in development set to portray the former king, some of which span along a wider time period of the Royal Household: <i>Palacio real. Brillo y tragedia de la monarquía española</i> (Diagonal TV), <i>El rey</i> (The Mediapro Studio), <i>El emérito</i> (Mandarina Producciones) and <i>XRey</i> (Starzplay, Sony Pictures TV and The Weekend Studio).<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_styles,_honours_and_arms"><span id="Titles.2C_styles.2C_honours_and_arms"></span>Titles, styles, honours and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Titles, styles, honours and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain">List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_the_Spanish_Crown" title="List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown">List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/120px-Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/180px-Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/240px-Royal_Monogram_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Royal monogram</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1969, Juan Carlos was named as General Franco's successor and was given the title of 'Prince of Spain'. Upon the death of Franco in 1975, Juan Carlos acceded to the throne of Spain. The current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Spanish constitution</a> refers to the monarch by the simple title "King of Spain". Aside from this title, the constitution allows for the use of other historic titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, without specifying them.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also reiterated by a decree promulgated on 6 November 1987 concerning titles of members of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his abdication in 2014, King Juan Carlos has retained, by courtesy, the title and style of king that he enjoyed during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arms">Arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_King_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of the King of Spain">Coat of arms of the King of Spain</a></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Juan Carlos I </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="942" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazoning</a> of the <b>coat of arms of the King of Spain</b> is set out in Title II, Rule 1, of Spanish Royal Decree 1511 of 21 January 1977, by which the Rules for Flags, Standards, Guidons, Banners, and Badges were adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-casareal.es_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casareal.es-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Crown">Spanish Royal Crown</a></dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">Quarterly</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Coat of arms of Castile and León">Castile and León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Crown_of_Aragon" title="Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Navarre" title="Coat of arms of Navarre">Navarre</a>; enté en point: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Granada_(Crown_of_Castile)" title="Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile)">Granada</a>; inescutcheon: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon (Anjou Branch)</a></dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Burgundy Flag">Cross of Burgundy</a></dd> <dt>Orders</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a></dd> <dt>Other elements</dt> <dd>Base point, the <a href="/wiki/Yoke" title="Yoke">yoke</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">ribbons</a> and the sheaf of five <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrows</a>.</dd> <dt>Banner</dt> <dd><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/50px-Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/75px-Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/100px-Estandarte_de_Juan_Carlos_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Standard_of_Spain" title="Royal Standard of Spain">King Juan Carlos's personal Royal Standard</a> is a dark blue square with his coat of arms.</dd> <dt>Symbolism</dt> <dd>The first quarter represents <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>, the third <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> and the fourth <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a>; <i>enté en point</i> the arms of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> and on the <i><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon of pretence</a></i> the ancestral arms of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon-Anjou</a> are represented.<sup id="cite_ref-casareal.es_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casareal.es-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Previous versions</dt> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Juan_Carlos_of_Spain_as_Prince.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span><br /><b>Coat of arms as <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Spain" title="Prince of Spain">Prince of Spain</a> (1971–1975)</b><br /></dd></dl> <p>The coat of arms used as Prince of Spain which was virtually identical to the one later adopted when he became King, differed only that it featured the crown of heir to the throne, decorated with only four <a href="/wiki/Half-arch_(crown)" title="Half-arch (crown)">half-arches</a>." </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="Family tree of Spanish monarchs">Family tree of Spanish monarchs</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Juan Carlos I</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XII of Spain">Alfonso XII, King of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XIII of Spain">Alfonso XIII, King of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Henry of Battenberg">Prince Henry of Battenberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg" title="Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg">Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom">Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Juan Carlos I, King of Spain</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfonso,_Count_of_Caserta" title="Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta">Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonietta_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Prince Philippe, Count of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Louise of Orléans">Princess Louise of Orléans</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Isabelle_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans">Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/30px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/45px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">languages of Spain</a>, the name of the King Juan Carlos is adapted as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>: <i lang="an">Chuan-Carlos I</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="an-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[tʃwaŋˈkaɾlos]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a>: <i lang="ast">Xuan Carlos I</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ast-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">[ʃuˈaŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaɾlʊs]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Jon Karlos Ia</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[joŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>karlos]</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Joan Carles I</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[ʒuˈaŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaɾləs]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">Xoán Carlos I</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[ʃoˈaŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaɾlʊs]</a></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the original Spanish: <i>Juro por Dios y sobre los Evangelios cumplir y hacer cumplir las Leyes Fundamentales del Reino y guardar lealtad a los Principios del Movimiento Nacional.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernecker1996120_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernecker1996120-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">End of active service.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaís2020" class="citation web cs1">País, Miguel González, El (5 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/spanish_news/2020-08-05/how-the-departure-of-spains-former-king-was-planned.html">"How the departure of Spain's former king was planned"</a>. <i>EL PAÍS English</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EL+PA%C3%8DS+English&rft.atitle=How+the+departure+of+Spain%27s+former+king+was+planned&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.aulast=Pa%C3%ADs&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fspanish_news%2F2020-08-05%2Fhow-the-departure-of-spains-former-king-was-planned.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Anderson, Jon Lee (25 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/juan-carloss-fall-from-grace-in-spain-and-the-precarious-future-of-the-worlds-monarchies">"Juan Carlos's Fall from Grace in Spain and the Precarious Future of the World's Monarchies"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%27s+Fall+from+Grace+in+Spain+and+the+Precarious+Future+of+the+World%27s+Monarchies&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jon+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fdaily-comment%2Fjuan-carloss-fall-from-grace-in-spain-and-the-precarious-future-of-the-worlds-monarchies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/14/archives/those-apprentice-kings-and-queens-who-may-one-day-ascend-a-throne.html?sq=akihito%2520%2520and%2520Windsor&scp=1&st=cse">"Those Apprentice Kings and Queens Who May – One Day – Ascend a Throne"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 14 November 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/07/09/internacional/1215635605.html">"Uribe es el líder iberoamericano mejor valorado por los ciudadanos de su país"</a> [Uribe is the Ibero-American leader best valued by the citizens of his country]. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i> (in Spanish). Spain<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=Uribe+es+el+l%C3%ADder+iberoamericano+mejor+valorado+por+los+ciudadanos+de+su+pa%C3%ADs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2008%2F07%2F09%2Finternacional%2F1215635605.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-08-04/spain-former-king-juan-carlos-leaving-country-financial-scandal">"Spain's former king to go into self-imposed exile amid corruption allegations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+former+king+to+go+into+self-imposed+exile+amid+corruption+allegations&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-08-04%2Fspain-former-king-juan-carlos-leaving-country-financial-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minder-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minder_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minder_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinder2020" class="citation news cs1">Minder, Raphael (3 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/world/europe/juan-carlos-leaves-spain.html">"Juan Carlos, Spain's Former King, Quits Country Amid Multiple Investigations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%2C+Spain%27s+Former+King%2C+Quits+Country+Amid+Multiple+Investigations&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Minder&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fjuan-carlos-leaves-spain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2020" class="citation web cs1">Rodriguez, Alexis (24 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elciudadano.com/en/felipe-vis-move-to-disown-his-father-and-his-attempt-to-try-to-save-the-spanish-crown/03/24/">"Felipe VI's move to disown his father and his attempt to try to save the Spanish Crown"</a>. <i>El Ciudadano</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Ciudadano&rft.atitle=Felipe+VI%27s+move+to+disown+his+father+and+his+attempt+to+try+to+save+the+Spanish+Crown&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elciudadano.com%2Fen%2Ffelipe-vis-move-to-disown-his-father-and-his-attempt-to-try-to-save-the-spanish-crown%2F03%2F24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27661983">"Profile: Spain's Juan Carlos"</a>. BBC. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Spain%27s+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27661983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tremending-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tremending_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.es/tremending/2020/08/07/juan-carlos-i-desvela-en-el-documental-de-tve-la-ultima-peticion-que-le-hizo-franco/">"Juan Carlos I desvela en el documental de TVE la última petición que le hizo Franco"</a> (in Spanish). Público. 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2021</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Descubrimos que mi hermano era disléxico. Estudiar le costó mucho, era difícil para él. [...]", relata en el documental su hermana Pilar.</q> ["We discovered that my brother was dyslexic. Studying costed him dearly, it was hard for him. [...]", his sister Pilar tells in the documentary.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+I+desvela+en+el+documental+de+TVE+la+%C3%BAltima+petici%C3%B3n+que+le+hizo+Franco&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.es%2Ftremending%2F2020%2F08%2F07%2Fjuan-carlos-i-desvela-en-el-documental-de-tve-la-ultima-peticion-que-le-hizo-franco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orantos-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orantos_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orantos_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrantos_Martín2015" class="citation book cs1">Orantos Martín, Rodolfo (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dehesa.unex.es/bitstream/10662/3855/4/TDUEX_2015_Orantos_Martin.pdf"><i>Un papel para la monarquía en la Unión Europea</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Extremadura" title="University of Extremadura">Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Extremadura</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+papel+para+la+monarqu%C3%ADa+en+la+Uni%C3%B3n+Europea&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Servicio+de+Publicaciones+de+la+Universidad+de+Extremadura&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Orantos+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdehesa.unex.es%2Fbitstream%2F10662%2F3855%2F4%2FTDUEX_2015_Orantos_Martin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Preston" title="Paul Preston">Paul Preston</a>, <i>Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy</i> (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhil_Davison1992" class="citation news cs1">Phil Davison (16 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/juan-carlos-lays-to-rest-a-haunting-spanish-tragedy-1557621.html">"Juan Carlos lays to rest a haunting Spanish tragedy"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+lays+to+rest+a+haunting+Spanish+tragedy&rft.date=1992-10-16&rft.au=Phil+Davison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fjuan-carlos-lays-to-rest-a-haunting-spanish-tragedy-1557621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanitatis-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanitatis_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanitatis_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanitatis_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavier_Díaz2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Javier Díaz (5 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/casas-reales/2019-01-05/juan-carlos-rey-muerte-hermano-alfonso-accidente_1740710/">"29-3-1956: El día más triste en la vida de don Juan Carlos"</a>. <i>Vanitatis</i> (in Spanish). El Confidencial.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanitatis&rft.atitle=29-3-1956%3A+El+d%C3%ADa+m%C3%A1s+triste+en+la+vida+de+don+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2019-01-05&rft.au=Javier+D%C3%ADaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com%2Fcasas-reales%2F2019-01-05%2Fjuan-carlos-rey-muerte-hermano-alfonso-accidente_1740710%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/history/world/juancarlos.asp">A Royal Mystery</a> at Snopes.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCote_Vilar2016" class="citation web cs1">Cote Vilar (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/loc/2016/03/28/56f90f9a46163f28058b4613.html">"Sesenta años de la misteriosa muerte del hermano del Rey"</a>. <i>El Mundo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=Sesenta+a%C3%B1os+de+la+misteriosa+muerte+del+hermano+del+Rey&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.au=Cote+Vilar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Floc%2F2016%2F03%2F28%2F56f90f9a46163f28058b4613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.G._Mateache2016" class="citation web cs1">A.G. 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Retrieved 16 September 2011 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne26.htm">"Chapter 26: A History of Spain and Portugal vol. 2"</a>. Libro.uca.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+26%3A+A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal+vol.+2&rft.pub=Libro.uca.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne2%2Fpayne26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernecker-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernecker_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernecker1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bernecker, Walther (January 1998). 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Oxford, UK: MacMillan Press. pp. 1–5, 9, 13–14, 27–28, 50–51, 221–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-54726-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-54726-8"><bdi>0-333-54726-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Carlos+of+Spain&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=St+Anthony%27s+Series&rft.pages=1-5%2C+9%2C+13-14%2C+27-28%2C+50-51%2C+221-222&rft.pub=MacMillan+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-333-54726-8&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/Od01GvIdS_s">"Juan Carlos I jura como sucesor de Franco"</a>. 22 July 1969. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od01GvIdS_s">the original</a> on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juan+Carlos+I+jura+como+sucesor+de+Franco&rft.date=1969-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOd01GvIdS_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233511/http://marcaespana.es/en/instituciones-historia/historia/articulos/142/the-years-of-the-franco-regime">"Marca España | The years of the Franco regime"</a>. Marcaespana.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marcaespana.es/en/instituciones-historia/historia/articulos/142/the-years-of-the-franco-regime">the original</a> on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marca+Espa%C3%B1a+%26%23124%3B+The+years+of+the+Franco+regime&rft.pub=Marcaespana.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarcaespana.es%2Fen%2Finstituciones-historia%2Fhistoria%2Farticulos%2F142%2Fthe-years-of-the-franco-regime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChislett2013" class="citation book cs1">Chislett, William (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transicion.org/En/archivos/Spains_Transition.pdf">"The Transition to Democracy 1975–1982"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Spain: What Everyone Needs to Know</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993646-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993646-5"><bdi>978-0-19-993646-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Transition+to+Democracy+1975%E2%80%931982&rft.btitle=Spain%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993646-5&rft.aulast=Chislett&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transicion.org%2FEn%2Farchivos%2FSpains_Transition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esp-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esp_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esp_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAraluceSáinz2017" class="citation web cs1">Araluce, Gonzalo; Sáinz, Jorge (21 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elespanol.com/espana/20170120/187482258_0.html">"Juan Carlos pactó en secreto los términos de la Marcha Verde con Hassan II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="El Español">El Español</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+pact%C3%B3+en+secreto+los+t%C3%A9rminos+de+la+Marcha+Verde+con+Hassan+II&rft.date=2017-01-21&rft.aulast=Araluce&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rft.au=S%C3%A1inz%2C+Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespanol.com%2Fespana%2F20170120%2F187482258_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernecker1996120-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernecker1996120_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernecker1996">Bernecker 1996</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlinefootage.tv/stock-video-footage/11527/spain-juan-carlos-coronation-ceremony?keywords=">"Spain: Juan Carlos coronation ceremony | OnlineFootage"</a>. <i>Onlinefootage.tv</i>. 22 November 1975<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Onlinefootage.tv&rft.atitle=Spain%3A+Juan+Carlos+coronation+ceremony+%26%23124%3B+OnlineFootage&rft.date=1975-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlinefootage.tv%2Fstock-video-footage%2F11527%2Fspain-juan-carlos-coronation-ceremony%3Fkeywords%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCedéo_Alvarado2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cedéo Alvarado, Ernesto (4 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/content/rey-juan-carlos-abochorn%C3%B3-pinochet">"Rey Juan Carlos abochornó a Pinochet"</a>. <i>Panamá América</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Panam%C3%A1+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.atitle=Rey+Juan+Carlos+abochorn%C3%B3+a+Pinochet&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft.aulast=Ced%C3%A9o+Alvarado&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panamaamerica.com.pa%2Fcontent%2Frey-juan-carlos-abochorn%25C3%25B3-pinochet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1999" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1999). <i>Fascism in Spain 1923–1977</i>. University of Wisconsin Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascism+in+Spain+1923%E2%80%931977&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2005" class="citation book cs1">Preston, Paul (2005). <i>Juan Carlos, Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy</i>. Harper Perennial, London. pp. 301–443.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Carlos%2C+Steering+Spain+from+Dictatorship+to+Democracy&rft.pages=301-443&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial%2C+London&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spain_–_The_Post-Franco_Era_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/spain/25.htm">"Spain – The Post-Franco Era"</a>. <i>Countrystudies.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Spain+%E2%80%93+The+Post-Franco+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fspain%2F25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26707052">"Spain's first post-Franco PM, Adolfo Suarez, dies at 81"</a>. BBC. 23 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+first+post-Franco+PM%2C+Adolfo+Suarez%2C+dies+at+81&rft.date=2014-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26707052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1993" class="citation news cs1">Tomlinson, Richard (2 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-don-juan-de-borbon-1452841.html">"Obituary: Don Juan de Borbon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Don+Juan+de+Borbon&rft.date=1993-04-02&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-don-juan-de-borbon-1452841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233724/http://www.nyu.edu/kjc/Transatlantic_Dialogues/participants/fgmarquez.php">"Felipe González Márquez – former president of the Government of Spain"</a>. <i>Transatlantic Dialogues</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/kjc/Transatlantic_Dialogues/participants/fgmarquez.php">the original</a> on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transatlantic+Dialogues&rft.atitle=Felipe+Gonz%C3%A1lez+M%C3%A1rquez+%E2%80%93+former+president+of+the+Government+of+Spain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fkjc%2FTransatlantic_Dialogues%2Fparticipants%2Ffgmarquez.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoghanGilmartin-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoghanGilmartin_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoghanGilmartin_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmartin2018" class="citation web cs1">Gilmartin, Eoghan (4 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2020/07/monarchism-spain-king-corruption">"Spain's Former King Has Fled, But His Cronyism Remains"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+Former+King+Has+Fled%2C+But+His+Cronyism+Remains&rft.date=2018-08-04&rft.aulast=Gilmartin&rft.aufirst=Eoghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2020%2F07%2Fmonarchism-spain-king-corruption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiki_Source_Spa_Constitution_78-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wiki_Source_Spa_Constitution_78_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978:_04">"Título II. De la Corona, Wikisource"</a> (in Spanish). Es.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%ADtulo+II.+De+la+Corona%2C+Wikisource&rft.pub=Es.wikisource.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fes.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FConstituci%25C3%25B3n_espa%25C3%25B1ola_de_1978%3A_04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Title II, Section 57, Subsection 1:<br /> <i>"The Crown shall be inherited by the successors of H.M. Juan Carlos I de Borbón, the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty."</i><br /> <i>"La Corona de España es hereditaria en los sucesores de S. M. Don Juan Carlos I de Borbón, legítimo heredero de la dinastía histórica."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCebrián2014" class="citation news cs1">Cebrián, Juan Luis (2 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2014/06/02/actualidad/1401714609_333815.html">"El Rey abdica: La utilidad de un rey | Política"</a>. <i>EL PAÍS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 29 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCembrero1990" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cembrero, Ignacio (21 October 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1990/10/21/espana/656463611_850215.html">"Una protesta mapuche no perturbó la visita real a Valdivia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Gazet Van Antwerpen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gva.be/dossiers/-k/koningshuis/actua2000/actua147.asp">the original</a> on 17 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spanish+royals+worried+about+protests+against+monarchy&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft.aulast=Tarvainen&rft.aufirst=Sinikka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feux.tv%2Farticle.aspx%3FarticleId%3D15269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-antena3-20071111-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-antena3-20071111_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112090430/http://www.antena3.com/a3noticias/servlet/Noticias?destino=..%2Fa3n%2Fnoticia%2Fnoticia.jsp&sidicom=si&id=13286798">"El Rey Don Juan Carlos a Hugo Chávez: "¿Por qué no te callas?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena 3</a>. 11 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antena3.com/a3noticias/servlet/Noticias?destino=../a3n/noticia/noticia.jsp&sidicom=si&id=13286798">the original</a> on 12 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Rey+Don+Juan+Carlos+a+Hugo+Ch%C3%A1vez%3A+%22%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22&rft.pub=Antena+3&rft.date=2007-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antena3.com%2Fa3noticias%2Fservlet%2FNoticias%3Fdestino%3D..%2Fa3n%2Fnoticia%2Fnoticia.jsp%26sidicom%3Dsi%26id%3D13286798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span> ("King Juan Carlos to Hugo Chávez: 'Why don't you shut up?'")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208073548/http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=457570&idseccio_PK=1007">"Nunca se había visto al Rey tan enfadado en público"</a> (in Spanish). 10 November 2007. 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href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/9204680/King-Juan-Carlos-of-Spain-operated-on-after-elephant-hunting-accident..html">"King Juan Carlos of Spain operated on after 'elephant hunting' accident"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/9204680/King-Juan-Carlos-of-Spain-operated-on-after-elephant-hunting-accident..html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Constitution+of+1978&rft.pub=Boletin+Oficial+del+Estado+%28BOE%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Flegislacion%2Fdocumentos%2FConstitucionINGLES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeley2014" class="citation news cs1">Keeley, Graham (12 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4116162.ece">"Spanish MPs back abdication of Juan Carlos"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Spanish+MPs+back+abdication+of+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Keeley&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle4116162.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cabinet_meeting-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cabinet_meeting_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27672997">"Spanish cabinet to discuss King Juan Carlos's abdication"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spanish+cabinet+to+discuss+King+Juan+Carlos%27s+abdication&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27672997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27672997">"Spanish politicians set out abdication timetable"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spanish+politicians+set+out+abdication+timetable&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27672997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFantzLevs2014" class="citation news cs1">Fantz, Ashley; Levs, Josh (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/02/world/europe/abdications-history/index.html">"Abdications through history"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abdications+through+history&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Fantz&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Levs%2C+Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F02%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fabdications-history%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllakuría2014" class="citation news cs1">Ellakuría, Iñaki (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20140603/54408625245/rey-inmunidad-abdicacion-aforado.html">"El Rey perderá su inviolabilidad tras la abdicación pero puede pasar a ser aforado [The King will lose his immunity after abdicating but could keep it]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+Rey+perder%C3%A1+su+inviolabilidad+tras+la+abdicaci%C3%B3n+pero+puede+pasar+a+ser+aforado+%5BThe+King+will+lose+his+immunity+after+abdicating+but+could+keep+it%5D&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Ellakur%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=I%C3%B1aki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20140603%2F54408625245%2Frey-inmunidad-abdicacion-aforado.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovan2014" class="citation news cs1">Govan, Fiona (13 June 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10898873/Spain-will-have-two-kings-and-two-queens.html">"Spain will have two kings and two queens"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10898873/Spain-will-have-two-kings-and-two-queens.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Spain+will+have+two+kings+and+two+queens&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Govan&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fspain%2F10898873%2FSpain-will-have-two-kings-and-two-queens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/31/spain-supreme-court-king-juan-carlos-paternity">"Spain's supreme court to rule on former king's paternity cases"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 31 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+supreme+court+to+rule+on+former+king%27s+paternity+cases&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjul%2F31%2Fspain-supreme-court-king-juan-carlos-paternity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27678999">"Press sees Spain at "crossroads"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC. 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Press+sees+Spain+at+%22crossroads%22&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27678999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27675728">"King Carlos abdication: Thousands join anti-monarchy protest"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=King+Carlos+abdication%3A+Thousands+join+anti-monarchy+protest&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27675728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Quinn" class="citation news cs1">Ben Quinn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/03/rally-at-spanish-embassy-in-london-calls-for-monarchy-referendum">"Spaniards in London echo calls for referendum on monarchy"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spaniards+in+London+echo+calls+for+referendum+on+monarchy&rft.au=Ben+Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F03%2Frally-at-spanish-embassy-in-london-calls-for-monarchy-referendum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/politica/201406/02/urkullu-recuerda-futuro-cuestion-20140602122532.html">"Urkullu recuerda al futuro Rey que "la cuestión vasca no está resuelta" [Urkullu reminds the future king that "the Basque Question is not yet resolved"]"</a>. <i>El Correo</i>. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Correo&rft.atitle=Urkullu+recuerda+al+futuro+Rey+que+%22la+cuesti%C3%B3n+vasca+no+est%C3%A1+resuelta%22+%5BUrkullu+reminds+the+future+king+that+%22the+Basque+Question+is+not+yet+resolved%22%5D&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcorreo.com%2Fbizkaia%2Fpolitica%2F201406%2F02%2Furkullu-recuerda-futuro-cuestion-20140602122532.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farodevigo.es/galicia/2014/06/02/feijoo-agradece-trabajo-rey-ve/1034902.html">"Feijóo agradece el trabajo del Rey y ve a Felipe preparado para el relevo [Feijóo thanks the work of the king and sees Felipe as prepared for the future]"</a>. <i>Faro de Vigo</i>. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faro+de+Vigo&rft.atitle=Feij%C3%B3o+agradece+el+trabajo+del+Rey+y+ve+a+Felipe+preparado+para+el+relevo+%5BFeij%C3%B3o+thanks+the+work+of+the+king+and+sees+Felipe+as+prepared+for+the+future%5D&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farodevigo.es%2Fgalicia%2F2014%2F06%2F02%2Ffeijoo-agradece-trabajo-rey-ve%2F1034902.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200342/http://informaria.com/02062014/alberto-fabra-transmite-a-s-m-el-rey-el-respeto-reconocimiento-y-admiracion-del-pueblo-valenciano/">"Alberto Fabra transmite a S.M. el Rey el 'respeto, reconocimiento y admiración del pueblo valenciano' [Alberto Fabra sends to H.M. the King the "respect, recognition and admiration of the Valencian people"]"</a>. <i>Informaria</i>. 2 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informaria.com/02062014/alberto-fabra-transmite-a-s-m-el-rey-el-respeto-reconocimiento-y-admiracion-del-pueblo-valenciano/">the original</a> on 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Informaria&rft.atitle=Alberto+Fabra+transmite+a+S.M.+el+Rey+el+%27respeto%2C+reconocimiento+y+admiraci%C3%B3n+del+pueblo+valenciano%27+%5BAlberto+Fabra+sends+to+H.M.+the+King+the+%22respect%2C+recognition+and+admiration+of+the+Valencian+people%22%5D&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finformaria.com%2F02062014%2Falberto-fabra-transmite-a-s-m-el-rey-el-respeto-reconocimiento-y-admiracion-del-pueblo-valenciano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20140602/54409545874/cameron-destaca-la-contribucion-del-rey-juan-carlos-a-la-democracia.html#ixzz33UwOLcgC874/cameron-destaca-la-contribucion-del-rey-juan-carlos-a-la-democracia.html#ixzz33UwOLcgC">"Cameron destaca la contribución del rey Juan Carlos a la democracia [Cameron highlights the contribution of King Juan Carlos to democracy]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i>. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Cameron+destaca+la+contribuci%C3%B3n+del+rey+Juan+Carlos+a+la+democracia+%5BCameron+highlights+the+contribution+of+King+Juan+Carlos+to+democracy%5D&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20140602%2F54409545874%2Fcameron-destaca-la-contribucion-del-rey-juan-carlos-a-la-democracia.html%23ixzz33UwOLcgC874%2Fcameron-destaca-la-contribucion-del-rey-juan-carlos-a-la-democracia.html%23ixzz33UwOLcgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleconomista.es/flash/noticias/5828027/06/14/Durao-Barroso-elogia-al-Rey-como-valedor-fundamental-del-europeismo-y-de-la-modernidad-en-Espana.html#.Kku8cLP3GAhggwh">"Durao Barroso elogia al Rey como "valedor fundamental del europeísmo y de la modernidad en España" [Durao Barroso eulogises the King as a "fundamental believer in Europeanism and modernity in Spain"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>El Economista</i>. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft.atitle=Durao+Barroso+elogia+al+Rey+como+%22valedor+fundamental+del+europe%C3%ADsmo+y+de+la+modernidad+en+Espa%C3%B1a%22+%5BDurao+Barroso+eulogises+the+King+as+a+%22fundamental+believer+in+Europeanism+and+modernity+in+Spain%22&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleconomista.es%2Fflash%2Fnoticias%2F5828027%2F06%2F14%2FDurao-Barroso-elogia-al-Rey-como-valedor-fundamental-del-europeismo-y-de-la-modernidad-en-Espana.html%23.Kku8cLP3GAhggwh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovan2014" class="citation news cs1">Govan, Fiona (9 June 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10886317/Spanish-royal-familys-popularity-boosted-by-King-Juan-Carloss-abdication-in-favour-of-Prince-Felipe.html">"Spanish royal family's popularity boosted by King Juan Carlos's abdication in favour of Prince Felipe"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10886317/Spanish-royal-familys-popularity-boosted-by-King-Juan-Carloss-abdication-in-favour-of-Prince-Felipe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Casa+de+Su+Majestad+el+Rey+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.atitle=Cese+de+actividades+institucionales+de+S.M.+el+Rey+Don+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casareal.es%2FES%2FAreaPrensa%2FPaginas%2Farea_prensa_comunicados_interior.aspx%3Fdata%3D108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/sucesos/20190527/462516737351/juan-carlos-felipe-vi-retirada-carta-casa-real-video-seo-ext.html">"Juan Carlos I anuncia su retirada de la vida pública"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i> (in Spanish). 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+ex-King+Juan+Carlos+leaves+country&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-53642283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Campbell, Juan Carlos: with a final olé, Spain's King of Shame limps out of spotlight, The Sunday Times, 2 June 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-erc-junts-compromis-errejon-piden-congreso-investigue-rey-juan-carlos-20200305141619.html">"ERC, Junts, Compromís y Errejón piden que el Congreso investigue al Rey Juan Carlos I"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Press (news agency)">Europa Press</a>. 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ERC%2C+Junts%2C+Comprom%C3%ADs+y+Errej%C3%B3n+piden+que+el+Congreso+investigue+al+Rey+Juan+Carlos+I&rft.pub=Europa+Press&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Fnacional%2Fnoticia-erc-junts-compromis-errejon-piden-congreso-investigue-rey-juan-carlos-20200305141619.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaría_Peral2020" class="citation web cs1">María Peral (6 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elespanol.com/espana/20200706/juan-carlos-encargo-zarzuela-estructura-ocultara-suiza/502950220_0.html">"Juan Carlos I encargó en Zarzuela "crear una estructura" para ocultar dinero saudí en Suiza"</a>. <i>El Español</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+I+encarg%C3%B3+en+Zarzuela+%22crear+una+estructura%22+para+ocultar+dinero+saud%C3%AD+en+Suiza&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADa+Peral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespanol.com%2Fespana%2F20200706%2Fjuan-carlos-encargo-zarzuela-estructura-ocultara-suiza%2F502950220_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_Irujo2020" class="citation web cs1">José María Irujo (4 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/espana/2020-07-04/corinna-larsen-declaro-que-juan-carlos-i-le-dio-65-millones-por-gratitud-y-no-para-esconder-el-dinero.html">"Corinna Larsen declaró que Juan Carlos I le dio 65 millones "por gratitud" y no para esconder el dinero"</a>. <i>El País</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Corinna+Larsen+declar%C3%B3+que+Juan+Carlos+I+le+dio+65+millones+%22por+gratitud%22+y+no+para+esconder+el+dinero&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Irujo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fespana%2F2020-07-04%2Fcorinna-larsen-declaro-que-juan-carlos-i-le-dio-65-millones-por-gratitud-y-no-para-esconder-el-dinero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bolsamania.com/noticias/ultima-hora/juan-carlos-i-confirmo-por-escrito-que-la-transferencia-de-65-millones-a-corinna-fue-un-regalo--7614971.html">"Juan Carlos dejó escrito que la transferencia de 65 millones a Corinna fue un regalo"</a>. Bolsamania. 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+dej%C3%B3+escrito+que+la+transferencia+de+65+millones+a+Corinna+fue+un+regalo&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bolsamania.com%2Fnoticias%2Fultima-hora%2Fjuan-carlos-i-confirmo-por-escrito-que-la-transferencia-de-65-millones-a-corinna-fue-un-regalo--7614971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Felipe-VI-aparece-beneficiario-offshore_0_1005799909.html">"Felipe VI es el segundo beneficiario de la fundación que recibió los 100 millones de Arabia Saudí, según The Telegraph"</a>. <i>eldiario.es</i>. 14 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=Felipe+VI+es+el+segundo+beneficiario+de+la+fundaci%C3%B3n+que+recibi%C3%B3+los+100+millones+de+Arabia+Saud%C3%AD%2C+seg%C3%BAn+The+Telegraph&rft.date=2020-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2FFelipe-VI-aparece-beneficiario-offshore_0_1005799909.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc2020-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc2020_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2020-03-15/el-rey-renuncia-a-la-herencia-de-don-juan-carlos-y-le-retira-su-asignacion-de-los-pge_2499376/">"El Rey renuncia a la herencia de don Juan Carlos y le retira su asignación pública"</a>. <i>El Confidencial</i>. 15 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Confidencial&rft.atitle=El+Rey+renuncia+a+la+herencia+de+don+Juan+Carlos+y+le+retira+su+asignaci%C3%B3n+p%C3%BAblica&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2F2020-03-15%2Fel-rey-renuncia-a-la-herencia-de-don-juan-carlos-y-le-retira-su-asignacion-de-los-pge_2499376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/casa-real/abci-renuncia-herencia-juan-carlos-202003151948_noticia.html">"El Rey renuncia a la herencia de Don Juan Carlos"</a>. <i>ABC</i>. 15 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=El+Rey+renuncia+a+la+herencia+de+Don+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fcasa-real%2Fabci-renuncia-herencia-juan-carlos-202003151948_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcos_Pinheiro2020" class="citation web cs1">Marcos Pinheiro (8 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Fiscalia-Supremo-Juan-Carlos-AVE_0_1035896583.html">"La Fiscalía del Supremo asume la investigación contra el rey Juan Carlos por el AVE a La Meca"</a>. <i>eldiario.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=La+Fiscal%C3%ADa+del+Supremo+asume+la+investigaci%C3%B3n+contra+el+rey+Juan+Carlos+por+el+AVE+a+La+Meca&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft.au=Marcos+Pinheiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2FFiscalia-Supremo-Juan-Carlos-AVE_0_1035896583.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyes_Rincón2020" class="citation web cs1">Reyes Rincón (8 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/spanish_news/2020-06-08/supreme-court-prosecutors-to-investigate-spains-emeritus-king-over-kickback-scheme.html">"Supreme Court prosecutors to investigate Spain's emeritus king over kickback scheme"</a>. <i>El País</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+prosecutors+to+investigate+Spain%27s+emeritus+king+over+kickback+scheme&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft.au=Reyes+Rinc%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fspanish_news%2F2020-06-08%2Fsupreme-court-prosecutors-to-investigate-spains-emeritus-king-over-kickback-scheme.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53642283">"Spain's ex-King Juan Carlos leaves country"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Spain's Supreme Court has said it aims to establish Juan Carlos's connection with the Saudi project after his abdication in June 2014. At that point he lost his immunity from prosecution.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+ex-King+Juan+Carlos+leaves+country&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-53642283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/spanish_news/2020-07-13/switzerland-investigates-35-million-transfer-from-bank-account-held-by-spains-emeritus-king-to-bahamas.html">"Switzerland investigates €3.5m transfer from account held by Spain's emeritus king to The Bahamas"</a>. El Pais. 13 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Switzerland+investigates+%E2%82%AC3.5m+transfer+from+account+held+by+Spain%27s+emeritus+king+to+The+Bahamas&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fspanish_news%2F2020-07-13%2Fswitzerland-investigates-35-million-transfer-from-bank-account-held-by-spains-emeritus-king-to-bahamas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Ollie A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliverwilliams1/2021/12/15/insufficient-evidence-that-spanish-king-accepted-100-million-saudi-bribe-says-swiss-prosecutor/">"Insufficient Evidence That Spanish King Accepted $100 Million Saudi Bribe Says Swiss Prosecutor"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Insufficient+Evidence+That+Spanish+King+Accepted+%24100+Million+Saudi+Bribe+Says+Swiss+Prosecutor&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ollie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Foliverwilliams1%2F2021%2F12%2F15%2Finsufficient-evidence-that-spanish-king-accepted-100-million-saudi-bribe-says-swiss-prosecutor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/juan-carlos-sofia-spanish-royal-corruption-credit-cards_553122_102.html">"Juan Carlos, Sofía and other Spanish royals, investigated over opaque credit cards"</a>. EL National. 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%2C+Sof%C3%ADa+and+other+Spanish+royals%2C+investigated+over+opaque+credit+cards&rft.date=2020-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnacional.cat%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Fjuan-carlos-sofia-spanish-royal-corruption-credit-cards_553122_102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elcierredigital.com/investigacion/523687998/allen-sangines-krause-millonario-mexicano-caprichos-juan-carlos-I.html">"Allen Sanginés-Krause: Éste es el millonario mexicano que pagaba los caprichos de Juan Carlos I y familia"</a>. elcierredigital. 5 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Allen+Sangin%C3%A9s-Krause%3A+%C3%89ste+es+el+millonario+mexicano+que+pagaba+los+caprichos+de+Juan+Carlos+I+y+familia&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felcierredigital.com%2Finvestigacion%2F523687998%2Fallen-sangines-krause-millonario-mexicano-caprichos-juan-carlos-I.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁgueda2020" class="citation web cs1">Águeda, Pedro (9 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/amenaza-imputacion-obliga-juan-carlos-i-reconocer-fraude_1_6493138.html">"La amenaza de la imputación obliga a Juan Carlos I a reconocer su fraude"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eldiario.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldiario.es">eldiario.es</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=La+amenaza+de+la+imputaci%C3%B3n+obliga+a+Juan+Carlos+I+a+reconocer+su+fraude&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft.aulast=%C3%81gueda&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2Famenaza-imputacion-obliga-juan-carlos-i-reconocer-fraude_1_6493138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/juan-carlos-sends-678000-euros-to-spanish-tax-agency-for-undeclared-credit-cards_564270_102.html">"uan Carlos I sends 678,000 euros to Spanish tax agency for undeclared card spending"</a>. elnacional. 9 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=uan+Carlos+I+sends+678%2C000+euros+to+Spanish+tax+agency+for+undeclared+card+spending&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnacional.cat%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Fjuan-carlos-sends-678000-euros-to-spanish-tax-agency-for-undeclared-credit-cards_564270_102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ara.cat/en/Juan-Carlos-the-image-monarchy_0_2578542405.html">"Juan Carlos I and the monarchy's image"</a>. ara in English. 9 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+I+and+the+monarchy%27s+image&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ara.cat%2Fen%2FJuan-Carlos-the-image-monarchy_0_2578542405.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElN1111-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElN1111_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/dirty-laundry-spain-juan-carlos-kazakhstan_555648_102.html">"More dirty laundry for Spain's Juan Carlos: 5 million dollars from Kazakhstan"</a>. El National. 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+dirty+laundry+for+Spain%27s+Juan+Carlos%3A+5+million+dollars+from+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnacional.cat%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Fdirty-laundry-spain-juan-carlos-kazakhstan_555648_102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2020/11/10/exiled-king-tried-to-take-money-from-a-jersey-bank-account/">"Exiled king 'tried to take money from a Jersey bank account'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Jersey Evening Post. 10 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exiled+king+%27tried+to+take+money+from+a+Jersey+bank+account%27&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjerseyeveningpost.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F11%2F10%2Fexiled-king-tried-to-take-money-from-a-jersey-bank-account%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/spanish-former-king-jersey-investigation/#.X7D35C-l2fU">"WATCH: Former Spanish king facing Jersey funds probe"</a>. Bailiwick Express. 9 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+Former+Spanish+king+facing+Jersey+funds+probe&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fspanish-former-king-jersey-investigation%2F%23.X7D35C-l2fU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotigny2020" class="citation news cs1">Potigny, Fiona (17 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/former-spanish-king-denies-hiding-wealth-jersey/#.X7QDtC-l3Uo">"Former Spanish king denies hiding wealth in Jersey"</a>. Bailiwick Express.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Spanish+king+denies+hiding+wealth+in+Jersey&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft.aulast=Potigny&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fformer-spanish-king-denies-hiding-wealth-jersey%2F%23.X7QDtC-l3Uo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2022/03/02/juan-carlos-i-spanish-prosecutors-shelve-fraud-investigations-into-former-king">"Spanish prosecutors shelve fraud probes into former king Juan Carlos I"</a>. <i>euronews</i>. 2 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Spanish+prosecutors+shelve+fraud+probes+into+former+king+Juan+Carlos+I&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2022%2F03%2F02%2Fjuan-carlos-i-spanish-prosecutors-shelve-fraud-investigations-into-former-king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w24n163-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w24n163_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w24n163_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.web24.news/u/2020/03/zagatka-and-lucum-the-two-foundations-under-suspicion-in-switzerland-related-to-the-king-emeritus.html">"Zagatka and Lucum, the two foundations under suspicion in Switzerland related to the King Emeritus"</a>. web 24 news. 16 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zagatka+and+Lucum%2C+the+two+foundations+under+suspicion+in+Switzerland+related+to+the+King+Emeritus&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.web24.news%2Fu%2F2020%2F03%2Fzagatka-and-lucum-the-two-foundations-under-suspicion-in-switzerland-related-to-the-king-emeritus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elcierredigital.com/investigacion/722146667/alvaro-orleans-sombra-negocios-juan-carlos-borbon.html">"Álvaro Jaime de Orleans-Borbón: El ingeniero en la sombra de los negocios de Juan Carlos I"</a>. Elcierre. 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C3%81lvaro+Jaime+de+Orleans-Borb%C3%B3n%3A+El+ingeniero+en+la+sombra+de+los+negocios+de+Juan+Carlos+I&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felcierredigital.com%2Finvestigacion%2F722146667%2Falvaro-orleans-sombra-negocios-juan-carlos-borbon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/espana/2020/11/17/rey-emerito-gasto-8-millones-vuelos-placer/00031605608466494590909.htm">"El rey Juan Carlos gastó presuntamente ocho millones de euros en vuelos de placer"</a>. La Voz de Galicia. 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=El+rey+Juan+Carlos+gast%C3%B3+presuntamente+ocho+millones+de+euros+en+vuelos+de+placer&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fnoticia%2Fespana%2F2020%2F11%2F17%2Frey-emerito-gasto-8-millones-vuelos-placer%2F00031605608466494590909.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125172819/https://bcfocus.com/king-juan-carlos-i-reportedly-invested-opaque-millions-of-euros-in-ibex-stocks/">"King Juan Carlos I reportedly invested opaque millions of euros in Ibex stocks"</a>. bcfocus. 24 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcfocus.com/king-juan-carlos-i-reportedly-invested-opaque-millions-of-euros-in-ibex-stocks/">the original</a> on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=King+Juan+Carlos+I+reportedly+invested+opaque+millions+of+euros+in+Ibex+stocks&rft.date=2020-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbcfocus.com%2Fking-juan-carlos-i-reportedly-invested-opaque-millions-of-euros-in-ibex-stocks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/juan-carlos-i-paga-cuatro-millones-hacienda-rentas-no-declaradas_1_7254171.html">"Juan Carlos I paga más de cuatro millones a Hacienda por los vuelos privados que le sufragó una fundación de su primo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eldiario.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldiario.es">eldiario.es</a></i>. 25 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+I+paga+m%C3%A1s+de+cuatro+millones+a+Hacienda+por+los+vuelos+privados+que+le+sufrag%C3%B3+una+fundaci%C3%B3n+de+su+primo&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2Fjuan-carlos-i-paga-cuatro-millones-hacienda-rentas-no-declaradas_1_7254171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elp137-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elp137_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elp137_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elp137_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/spanish_news/2020-07-13/switzerland-investigates-35-million-transfer-from-bank-account-held-by-spains-emeritus-king-to-bahamas.html">"Switzerland investigates €3.5m transfer from account held by Spain's emeritus king to The Bahamas"</a>. elpais. 13 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Switzerland+investigates+%E2%82%AC3.5m+transfer+from+account+held+by+Spain%27s+emeritus+king+to+The+Bahamas&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fspanish_news%2F2020-07-13%2Fswitzerland-investigates-35-million-transfer-from-bank-account-held-by-spains-emeritus-king-to-bahamas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226113928/https://pledgetimes.com/the-swiss-bank-internally-hid-the-identity-of-the-king-emeritus-in-the-millionaire-account/">"The Swiss bank internally hid the identity of the king emeritus in the millionaire account"</a>. Pledge Times. 27 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pledgetimes.com/the-swiss-bank-internally-hid-the-identity-of-the-king-emeritus-in-the-millionaire-account/">the original</a> on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Swiss+bank+internally+hid+the+identity+of+the+king+emeritus+in+the+millionaire+account&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpledgetimes.com%2Fthe-swiss-bank-internally-hid-the-identity-of-the-king-emeritus-in-the-millionaire-account%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019044429/https://bcfocus.com/the-swiss-bank-hid-the-identity-of-juan-carlos-i-in-the-millionaire-account-from-its-employees/">"The Swiss bank hid the identity of Juan Carlos I in the millionaire account from its employees"</a>. BC focus. 27 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcfocus.com/the-swiss-bank-hid-the-identity-of-juan-carlos-i-in-the-millionaire-account-from-its-employees/">the original</a> on 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Swiss+bank+hid+the+identity+of+Juan+Carlos+I+in+the+millionaire+account+from+its+employees&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbcfocus.com%2Fthe-swiss-bank-hid-the-identity-of-juan-carlos-i-in-the-millionaire-account-from-its-employees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63877098">"Spain's former King Juan Carlos wins partial immunity in ex-lover case"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+former+King+Juan+Carlos+wins+partial+immunity+in+ex-lover+case&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-63877098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67036622">"Juan Carlos: Court throws out ex-lover's €145m legal case"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%3A+Court+throws+out+ex-lover%27s+%E2%82%AC145m+legal+case&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-67036622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/politica/rey-juan-carlos-abandona-espana-repercusion-publica-acontecimientos-pasados_1_6145406.html">"El rey Juan Carlos abandona España ante la "repercusión pública de ciertos acontecimientos pasados" en plena investigación sobre sus finanzas"</a>. <i>elDiario</i> (in Spanish). 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=elDiario&rft.atitle=El+rey+Juan+Carlos+abandona+Espa%C3%B1a+ante+la+%22repercusi%C3%B3n+p%C3%BAblica+de+ciertos+acontecimientos+pasados%22+en+plena+investigaci%C3%B3n+sobre+sus+finanzas&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fpolitica%2Frey-juan-carlos-abandona-espana-repercusion-publica-acontecimientos-pasados_1_6145406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/amid-a-financial-scandal-former-spanish-king-juan-carlos-i-says-he-is-leaving-spain-to-live-in-another-country/2020/08/03/0df33322-d5a6-11ea-a788-2ce86ce81129_story.html">"Amid a financial scandal, former Spanish King Juan Carlos I says he is leaving Spain to live in another country"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Amid+a+financial+scandal%2C+former+Spanish+King+Juan+Carlos+I+says+he+is+leaving+Spain+to+live+in+another+country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Famid-a-financial-scandal-former-spanish-king-juan-carlos-i-says-he-is-leaving-spain-to-live-in-another-country%2F2020%2F08%2F03%2F0df33322-d5a6-11ea-a788-2ce86ce81129_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200803/rey-juan-carlos-se-trasladara-vivir-fuera-espana/2029881.shtml">"Juan Carlos I comunica su decisión de abandonar España"</a>. <i>RTVE</i>. 3 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTVE&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos+I+comunica+su+decisi%C3%B3n+de+abandonar+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fnoticias%2F20200803%2Frey-juan-carlos-se-trasladara-vivir-fuera-espana%2F2029881.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/casa-real/abci-juan-carlos-si-exilio-nueva-zelanda-202008040230_noticia.html">"Don Juan Carlos ya está en República Dominicana"</a> [Don Juan Carlos is already in the Dominican Republic]. <i>ABC</i> (in Spanish). 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Don+Juan+Carlos+ya+est%C3%A1+en+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fcasa-real%2Fabci-juan-carlos-si-exilio-nueva-zelanda-202008040230_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/spain-juan-carlos-1.5673390">"Where's Juan Carlos? Spain mulls former monarch's future"</a>. <i>CBC</i>. 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Where%27s+Juan+Carlos%3F+Spain+mulls+former+monarch%27s+future&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fspain-juan-carlos-1.5673390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidal2020" class="citation web cs1">Vidal, Pilar (7 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/casa-real/abci-primer-viaje-juan-carlos-lunes-vigo-dabi-202008070630_noticia.html">"El primer viaje del Rey Juan Carlos fue el lunes de Vigo a Abu Dabi"</a>. <i>ABC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=El+primer+viaje+del+Rey+Juan+Carlos+fue+el+lunes+de+Vigo+a+Abu+Dabi&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Vidal&rft.aufirst=Pilar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fcasa-real%2Fabci-primer-viaje-juan-carlos-lunes-vigo-dabi-202008070630_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassam2020" class="citation news cs1">Kassam, Ashifa (4 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/04/spain-speculates-scandal-hit-former-king-whereabouts-juan-carlos">"Spain speculates over whereabouts of scandal-hit ex-king Juan Carlos"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spain+speculates+over+whereabouts+of+scandal-hit+ex-king+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Kassam&rft.aufirst=Ashifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Faug%2F04%2Fspain-speculates-scandal-hit-former-king-whereabouts-juan-carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/09/juan-carlos-spain-king-abu-dhabi-reports">"Juan Carlos, Spain's disgraced former king, may be in Abu Dhabi, reports suggest"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 9 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%2C+Spain%27s+disgraced+former+king%2C+may+be+in+Abu+Dhabi%2C+reports+suggest&rft.date=2020-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Faug%2F09%2Fjuan-carlos-spain-king-abu-dhabi-reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiguel_González2020" class="citation web cs1">Miguel González (17 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/espana/2020-08-17/la-casa-real-confirma-que-juan-carlos-i-se-tralado-el-pasado-dia-3-a-emiratos-arabes-unidos.html?ssm=TW_CM">"La Casa Real confirma que Juan Carlos I se trasladó el pasado día 3 a Emiratos Árabes Unidos"</a>. <i>El País</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=La+Casa+Real+confirma+que+Juan+Carlos+I+se+traslad%C3%B3+el+pasado+d%C3%ADa+3+a+Emiratos+%C3%81rabes+Unidos&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft.au=Miguel+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fespana%2F2020-08-17%2Fla-casa-real-confirma-que-juan-carlos-i-se-tralado-el-pasado-dia-3-a-emiratos-arabes-unidos.html%3Fssm%3DTW_CM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/royal-house-confirms-king-spain-juan-carlos-united-72417772">"Royal House confirms former king of Spain, Juan Carlos I, has been in United Arab Emirates since Aug. 3"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 17 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+rey+em%C3%A9rito+vuelve+este+lunes+a+Sanxenxo&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft.au=EFE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fespana%2F2023-09-25%2Fel-rey-emerito-vuelve-este-lunes-a-sanxenxo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González, Miguel (31 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/espana/2023-10-31/juan-carlos-i-asiste-a-la-cena-familiar-por-el-cumpleanos-de-la-princesa-de-asturias.html">"Juan Carlos I asiste a la cena familiar en El Pardo por el cumpleaños de la princesa de Asturias"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Payne</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Palacios_Tapias" title="Jesús Palacios Tapias">Jesús Palacios</a> (2014). <i>Franco: A Personal and Political Biography</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-30210-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-30210-8">978-0-299-30210-8</a>. p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2021" class="citation web cs1">Wilkinson, Isambard (21 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/juan-carlos-injected-with-hormones-by-secret-service-to-slow-sex-drive-pcfps8x7n">"Juan Carlos 'injected with hormones by secret service to slow sex drive'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. 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Spain<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/spains-king-undergo-hip-surgery-tuesday">the original</a> on 7 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+King+to+Undergo+Hip+Surgery+Tuesday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Fspains-king-undergo-hip-surgery-tuesday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiana_Pearl2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Diana Pearl (9 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.com/royals/queen-letizia-queen-sofia-reunite-after-easter-argument/">"Queen Letizia and Queen Sofia Reunite After Their Tense Exchange on Easter Was Caught on Camera"</a>. <i>People</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=El+rey+Juan+Carlos+se+someter%C3%A1+a+una+operaci%C3%B3n+de+coraz%C3%B3n+el+pr%C3%B3ximo+s%C3%A1bado&rft.date=2019-08-22&rft.au=Mari%C3%A1ngel+Alc%C3%A1zar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fpolitica%2F20190822%2F464206128298%2Foperacion-corazon-rey-juan-carlos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimen2020" class="citation web cs1">Gimen, Diego (31 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diezminutos.es/teleprograma/programacion-tv/a33846540/el-rey-miniserie-telecinco-juan-carlos-i-historia-patrick-criado/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'El Rey', la miniserie que cuenta la vida de Juan Carlos I"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Diez_Minutos" title="Diez Minutos">Diez Minutos</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diez+Minutos&rft.atitle=%27El+Rey%27%2C+la+miniserie+que+cuenta+la+vida+de+Juan+Carlos+I&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.aulast=Gimen&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diezminutos.es%2Fteleprograma%2Fprogramacion-tv%2Fa33846540%2Fel-rey-miniserie-telecinco-juan-carlos-i-historia-patrick-criado%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vertele.eldiario.es/series/starzplay-pone-marcha-xrey-propia-serie-reinado-juan-carlos-i-responsables-homeland_1_8378002.html">"Starzplay pone en marcha 'XRey', su propia serie sobre Juan Carlos I con los responsables de 'Homeland'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Vertele!</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eldiario.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldiario.es">eldiario.es</a>. 7 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vertele%21&rft.atitle=Starzplay+pone+en+marcha+%27XRey%27%2C+su+propia+serie+sobre+Juan+Carlos+I+con+los+responsables+de+%27Homeland%27&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvertele.eldiario.es%2Fseries%2Fstarzplay-pone-marcha-xrey-propia-serie-reinado-juan-carlos-i-responsables-homeland_1_8378002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hobbyconsolas.com/noticias/todo-sabemos-nueva-serie-familia-real-espanola-897221">"Esto es todo lo que sabemos de la nueva serie de la familia real española"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HobbyConsolas" title="HobbyConsolas">HobbyConsolas</a></i>. 11 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HobbyConsolas&rft.atitle=Esto+es+todo+lo+que+sabemos+de+la+nueva+serie+de+la+familia+real+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hobbyconsolas.com%2Fnoticias%2Ftodo-sabemos-nueva-serie-familia-real-espanola-897221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1987-25284">"Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre régimen de títulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> (in Spanish). 12 November 1987. p. 33717. 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CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+King+Juan+Carlos+I+to+abdicate&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Al&rft.au=Mullen%2C+Jethro&rft.au=Levs%2C+Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F02%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fspain-king-abdication%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2014-6477">"Real Decreto 470/2014, de 13 de junio, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre régimen de títulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> (in Spanish). 19 June 2014. pp. 46399–46400. BOE-A-2014-6477.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=Real+Decreto+470%2F2014%2C+de+13+de+junio%2C+por+el+que+se+modifica+el+Real+Decreto+1368%2F1987%2C+de+6+de+noviembre%2C+sobre+r%C3%A9gimen+de+t%C3%ADtulos%2C+tratamientos+y+honores+de+la+Familia+Real+y+de+los+Regentes&rft.pages=46399-46400&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fdiario_boe%2Ftxt.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-2014-6477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-casareal.es-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-casareal.es_178-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-casareal.es_178-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/EN/FamiliaReal/rey/Paginas/rey_armas.aspx">"Coat of arms of His Majesty the King Juan Carlos"</a>. <i>Spanish Royal Household Website</i>. 19 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spanish+Royal+Household+Website&rft.atitle=Coat+of+arms+of+His+Majesty+the+King+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casareal.es%2FEN%2FFamiliaReal%2Frey%2FPaginas%2Frey_armas.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernecker1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bernecker, Walther L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/27390.pdf">"El papel político del Rey Juan Carlos en la transición"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Revista_de_Estudios_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Revista de Estudios Políticos">Revista de Estudios Políticos</a></i> (in Spanish) (92): 113–137. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-7694">0048-7694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Estudios+Pol%C3%ADticos&rft.atitle=El+papel+pol%C3%ADtico+del+Rey+Juan+Carlos+en+la+transici%C3%B3n&rft.issue=92&rft.pages=113-137&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0048-7694&rft.aulast=Bernecker&rft.aufirst=Walther+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F27390.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Carlos+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Preston, <i>Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy</i>, W W Norton & Co Inc, June 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05804-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05804-2">0-393-05804-2</a>.</li> <li>Ronald Hilton, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wais.stanford.edu/Spain/spain_kingjuancarlos71903.html">SPAIN: King Juan Carlos</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_de_Vilallonga,_9th_Marquess_of_Castellbell" title="José Luis de Vilallonga, 9th Marquess of Castellbell">Vilallonga, José Luis de</a>, <i>The King</i>, Orion Publishing, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0297813583" title="Special:BookSources/978-0297813583">978-0297813583</a></li> <li>Wilsford, David, ed. <i>Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary</i> (Greenwood, 1995) pp. 207–15.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Carlos_I&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/ES/FamiliaReal/rey/Paginas/rey_biografia.aspx">Official website of the Spanish Royal Family</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/ES/Actividades/Paginas/actividades_actividades_detalle.aspx?data=12019">Full text of the King's broadcast regarding his abdication</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2014-6476">Organic Law approving Juan Carlos's abdication, published in the Boletin Oficial del Estado</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/2155465/0/mariano-rajoy/anuncia-abdicacion-abdica/rey-juan-carlos/">Juan Carlos I abdicates (2 June 2014)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/juan_carlos_i_de_espana">Biography by CIDOB</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Juan Carlos I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 5 January 1938</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a> </b><br />1975–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Valc%C3%A1rcel" title="Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel">Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regents" title="List of Spanish regents">President of the Regency Council</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Spain" title="List of heads of state of Spain">Head of state of Spain</a> </b><br />1975–2014 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Philip_V_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">HH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Luisa of Savoy">Princess Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">HH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Elisabeth of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Felipe of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Víctoria, Queen of Portugal</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain">Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Farnesio,_13th_Count_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis de Borbón y Farnesio, 13th Count of Chinchón">Luis, Count of Chinchón</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Antonietta_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Antonietta of Spain">Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Siblings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_France,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of France, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_Maria_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Isabella Maria of Parma">Isabella Maria, Archduchess of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma">Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Vallabriga" title="Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga">Luis, Count of Chinchón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Vallabriga,_15th_Countess_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga, 15th Countess of Chinchón">Maria Teresa, Countess of Chinchón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_I_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Spouse(s)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">HSH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Spouse(s)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">HH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Portugal" title="Barbara of Portugal">Infanta Maria Bárbara of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Charles_III_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;padding:0.35em 0; line-height:1.1em; ; text-align:left;">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">HH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Saxony" title="Maria Amalia of Saxony">Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;padding:0.35em 0; line-height:1.1em; ; text-align:left;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Josefa_of_Spain" title="Infanta María Josefa of Spain">María Josefa Carmela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain">Maria Luisa, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Felipe,_Duke_of_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria">Felipe, Duke of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gabriel_of_Spain" title="Infante Gabriel of Spain">Infante Gabriel of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio_Pascual_of_Spain" title="Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain">Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_Javier_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco Javier of Spain">Infante Francisco Javier of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;padding:0.35em 0; line-height:1.1em; ; text-align:left;">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Luisa, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Carlo, Duke of Calabria">Carlo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily">Maria Ana</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies_(1779%E2%80%931849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1779–1849)">Maria Christina, Queen of Sardinia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gennaro_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Prince Gennaro of Naples and Sicily">Carlo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Giuseppe_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Prince Giuseppe of Naples and Sicily">Giuseppe</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_the_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies">Maria Amalia, Queen of the French</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily">Maria Antonia, Princess of Asturias</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clotilde_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Clotilde of Naples and Sicily">Maria Clothilde</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Henrietta_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Henrietta of Naples and Sicily">Maria Enrichetta</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Prince_of_Salerno" title="Leopold, Prince of Salerno">Leopold, Prince of Salerno</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alberto_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Prince Alberto of Naples and Sicily">Alberto</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Isabella_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Maria Isabella of Naples and Sicily">Maria Isabella</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Charles_IV_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Princess Maria Luisa of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlota_Joaquina_of_Spain" title="Carlota Joaquina of Spain">Charlotte, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Amalia_of_Spain_(1779%E2%80%931798)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta María Amalia of Spain (1779–1798)">Maria Amalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca">Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Molina">Carlos, Count of Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Isabella_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Isabella of Spain">Maria Isabella, Queen of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_de_Paula_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain">Francisco de Paula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Count_of_Montemolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin">Carlos, Count of Montemolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan, Count of Montizón">Juan, Count of Montizón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Fernando_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Fernando of Spain">Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Isabel_Fernanda_of_Spain" title="Infanta Isabel Fernanda of Spain">Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis, Duke of Cádiz">Francis, Duke of Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Enrique,_Duke_of_Seville" title="Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville">Henry, Duke of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Teresa_of_Spain" title="Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain">Luisa, Duchess of Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Josefina_Fernanda_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Josefina Fernanda of Spain">Josefina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Sebastian_of_Portugal_and_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain">Maria Cristina, Infanta of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Amelia_Philippina_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Amelia Philippina of Spain">Amelia Philippina, Princess Adalbert of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Isabel_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Isabel of Portugal">Infanta Maria Isabel of Portugal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">HH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_Amalia_of_Saxony" title="Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony">Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Fernanda,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier">Maria Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Isabella_II_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left;">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis, Duke of Cádiz">Infante Francis, Duke of Cadiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Princess_of_Asturias_(1851%E2%80%931931)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)">Isabella, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">Maria de Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz_of_Spain" title="Infanta María de la Paz of Spain">María de la Paz, Princess Ludwig of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Eulalia_of_Spain" title="Infanta Eulalia of Spain">Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alfonso_XII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Mercedes of Orléans">:Princess Mercedes d'Orléans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Highness" title="Imperial and Royal Highness">HI&RH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes,_Princess_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes, Princess of Asturias">Mercedes, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Teresa_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain">Maria Teresa, Princess and Duchess of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria">Alfonso, Duke of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabel_Alfonsa_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Isabel Alfonsa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Isabella Alfonsa, Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria">Carlos, Duke of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In%C3%A9s_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Dos_Sicilias" title="Inés de Borbón-Dos Sicilias">Inés Maria, Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alfonso_XIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Serene_Highness" title="Serene Highness">HSH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg" title="Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg">Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Prince_of_Asturias_(1907%E2%80%931938)" title="Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938)">Alfonso, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Beatriz_of_Spain" title="Infanta Beatriz of Spain">Beatriz, Princess of Civitella-Cesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Cristina_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain">Maria Cristina, Countess of Marone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Juan, Count of Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gonzalo_of_Spain" title="Infante Gonzalo of Spain">Gonzalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Duke_of_Anjou_and_C%C3%A1diz" title="Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz">Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Gonzalo, Duke of Aquitaine">Gonzalo, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Pilar,_Duchess_of_Badajoz" title="Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz">Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita,_2nd_Duchess_of_Hernani" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Margarita, 2nd Duchess of Hernani">Margarita, 2nd Duchess of Hernani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alfonso of Spain">Alfonso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Juan_Carlos_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">HRH</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina,_Duchess_of_Palma_de_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca">Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe,_Prince_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe, Prince of Asturias">Felipe, Prince of Asturias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Leonor_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Leonor of Spain">Infanta Leonor of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Infanta Sofía of Spain">Infanta Sofía of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">*<i>also a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Prince or Princess of the Two Sicilies</a></i></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">**<i>also an <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchess of Austria</a></i></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">***<i>both</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Template:Monarchs of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Spain">Monarchs of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">List of monarchs</a> | <a href="/wiki/Monarchs_of_Spain_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchs of Spain family tree">Monarchs' family tree</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">Dynastic union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escudo de armas del monarca de España"><img alt="Escudo de armas del monarca de España" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/33px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg/66px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="952" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">Real union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI" title="Ferdinand VI">Ferdinand VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Isabella II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">Amadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Infantes_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Template:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Infantes_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infantes of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Carlos I</a>, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Felipe II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias">Carlos, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Fernando, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Felipe III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Felipe IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Infante Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Infante Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Infante Alonso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Carlos II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Luis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Infante Felipe Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Fernando VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Carlos III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Felipe I, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis of Spain">Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria">Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Carlos IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Fernando I of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gabriel_of_Spain" title="Infante Gabriel of Spain">Infante Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio_Pascual_of_Spain" title="Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain">Infante Antonio Pascual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_Javier_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco Javier of Spain">Infante Francisco Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma">Fernando I, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Fernando VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_Mar%C3%ADa_Isidro_of_Spain" title="Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain">Infante Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_de_Paula_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain">Infante Francisco de Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Pedro_Carlos_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal">Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Etruria" title="Louis I of Etruria">Luis I of Etruria</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier">Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Luis_de_Borb%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Luis de Borbón">Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Fernando_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Fernando of Spain">Infante Fernando</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Enrique,_Duke_of_Seville" title="Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville">Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Sebasti%C3%A3o_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Sebastião of Spain and Portugal">Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Carlos II, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetan,_Count_of_Girgenti" title="Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti">Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria">Infante Luis Fernando</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera">Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Carlos III, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria">Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera">Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_Fernando_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis Fernando of Spain">Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Robert I, Duke of Parma">Roberto I, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Prince_of_Asturias_(1907%E2%80%931938)" title="Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938)">Alfonso, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gonzalo_of_Spain" title="Infante Gonzalo of Spain">Infante Gonzalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria">Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_%C3%81lvaro,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera">Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alfonso of Spain">Infante Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria">Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <span class="wrap">title granted by Royal Decree</span></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <span class="wrap">consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orders,_decorations,_medals_and_awards_received" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Orders,_decorations,_medals_and_awards_received" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Orders, decorations, medals and awards received</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Charlemagne_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charlemagne_Prize_recipients" title="Template:Charlemagne Prize recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charlemagne_Prize_recipients" title="Template talk:Charlemagne Prize recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charlemagne_Prize_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charlemagne Prize recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Charlemagne_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_Prize" title="Charlemagne Prize">Charlemagne Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1950 <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1951 <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brugmans" title="Hendrik Brugmans">Hendrik Brugmans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952 <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953 <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954 <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1955</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956 <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957 <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959 <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bech" title="Joseph Bech">Joseph Bech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1962</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964 <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1965</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966 <a href="/wiki/Jens_Otto_Krag" title="Jens Otto Krag">Jens Otto Krag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1968</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969 <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970 <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Seydoux_de_Clausonne" title="François Seydoux de Clausonne">François Seydoux de Clausonne</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1971</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972 <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973 <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Madariaga" title="Salvador de Madariaga">Salvador de Madariaga</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1974</span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1975</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976 <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scheel" title="Walter Scheel">Walter Scheel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978 <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979 <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1980</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981 <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Juan Carlos I</a></span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1983</span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1984</span></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:silver">1985</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986 <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">People of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988 <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989 <a href="/wiki/Brother_Roger" title="Brother Roger">Brother Roger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990 <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Horn" title="Gyula Horn">Gyula Horn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991 <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992 <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993 <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994 <a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995 <a href="/wiki/Franz_Vranitzky" title="Franz Vranitzky">Franz Vranitzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996 <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen Beatrix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998 <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000 <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Konr%C3%A1d" title="György Konrád">György Konrád</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002 <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003 <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004 <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005 <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006 <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007 <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008 <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009 <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Riccardi" title="Andrea Riccardi">Andrea Riccardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011 <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Trichet" title="Jean-Claude Trichet">Jean-Claude Trichet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012 <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018 <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019 <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020 <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kalesnikava" title="Maria Kalesnikava">Maria Kalesnikava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veronika_Tsepkalo" title="Veronika Tsepkalo">Veronika Tsepkalo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">the Ukrainian people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Goldschmidt" title="Pinchas Goldschmidt">Pinchas Goldschmidt</a> and the Jewish communities in Europe</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Received extraordinary prize.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Spanish_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Spanish_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Template:Members of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Spanish_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Template talk:Members of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Spanish_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Spanish_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Grand Master</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a> of Spain (1981)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Fleece_Collar_(Knight).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg/80px-Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg/120px-Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg/160px-Golden_Fleece_Collar_%28Knight%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Knights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>King Emeritus <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a> of Spain (1941)</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a> of Sweden (1983)</li> <li>Emperor Emeritus <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> of Japan (1985)</li> <li>Princess <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a> (1985)</li> <li>Queen <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a> (1985)</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">Albert II of Belgium</a> (1994)</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V of Norway</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" title="Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha">Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Garc%C3%ADa_de_la_Concha" title="Víctor García de la Concha">Víctor García de la Concha</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_V._Iglesias" title="Enrique V. Iglesias">Enrique V. Iglesias</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor, Princess of Asturias</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Note: Within parentheses, the year when inducted into the Order</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Template:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Template talk:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Order of the Garter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_knights_and_ladies_of_the_Garter" title="List of current knights and ladies of the Garter">Current members of the Order of the Garter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Sovereign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">The King</a> (<i>ex officio</i>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Arms_of_the_Most_Noble_Order_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Royal Knights<br />and Ladies (Companion)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">The Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">The Princess Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">The Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">The Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">The Duke of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">The Prince of Wales</a> (<i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">The Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucester" title="Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester">The Duchess of Gloucester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Stranger Knights<br />and Ladies Companion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Queen Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">The King of Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Juan Carlos I of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Emperor Akihito of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_V" title="Harald V">The King of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">The King of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">The King of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">The Emperor of Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Knights and Ladies<br />Companion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_5th_Duke_of_Abercorn" title="James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn">The Duke of Abercorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Butler,_Baron_Butler_of_Brockwell" title="Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell">The Lord Butler of Brockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Sir John Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Luce,_Baron_Luce" title="Richard Luce, Baron Luce">The Lord Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_(Lord_Lieutenant)" title="Thomas Dunne (Lord Lieutenant)">Sir Thomas Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Phillips,_Baron_Phillips_of_Worth_Matravers" title="Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers">The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Stirrup" title="Jock Stirrup">The Lord Stirrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">The Baroness Manningham-Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">The Lord King of Lothbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kay-Shuttleworth,_5th_Baron_Shuttleworth" title="Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, 5th Baron Shuttleworth">The Lord Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fagan" title="Mary Fagan">Lady Mary Fagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke,_3rd_Viscount_Brookeborough" title="Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough">The Viscount Brookeborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Peters_(athlete)" title="Mary Peters (athlete)">Lady Mary Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">The Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">The Baroness Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Sir Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">The Baroness Ashton of Upholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">The Lord Patten of Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Peach" title="Stuart Peach">The Lord Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kakkar,_Baron_Kakkar" title="Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar">The Lord Kakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">The Lord Lloyd-Webber</a></li> <li>3 vacancies</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mounstephen" title="Philip Mounstephen">Philip Mounstephen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> (Prelate, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">The Baroness Manningham-Buller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" title="Chancellor of the Order of the Garter">Chancellor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cocksworth" title="Christopher Cocksworth">Dr Christopher Cocksworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Windsor" title="Dean of Windsor">Dean of Windsor</a> (Register, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_White_(officer_of_arms)" title="David White (officer of arms)">David White</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garter_Principal_King_of_Arms" title="Garter Principal King of Arms">Garter King of Arms</a>, <i>ex officio</i>)</li> <li>Stephen Segrave (Secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Clarke_(Black_Rod)" title="Sarah Clarke (Black Rod)">Sarah Clarke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_Rod" title="Black Rod">Black Rod</a>, <i>ex officio</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="36px_Order_of_Lakandula_recipients_36px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Template:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Template talk:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="36px_Order_of_Lakandula_recipients_36px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/36px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/54px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/72px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lakandula" title="Order of Lakandula">Order of Lakandula</a> recipients <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/36px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/54px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/72px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Collar (<i>Supremo</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa">Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al_Thani" title="Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani">Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito, Emperor of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanat_Khoman" title="Thanat Khoman">Thanat Khoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Rajaratnam" title="S. Rajaratnam">S. Rajaratnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Abdul Razak Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Ramos" title="Narciso Ramos">Narciso Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Severino_Jr." title="Rodolfo Severino Jr.">Rodolfo Severino Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Cross (<i>Bayani</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolando_Andaya_Jr." title="Rolando Andaya Jr.">Rolando Andaya Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Benjamin_Caguioa" title="Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa">Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Devanadera" title="Agnes Devanadera">Agnes Devanadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Esperon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermogenes Esperon">Hermogenes Esperon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Frieder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Frieder (page does not exist)">Alex Frieder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Garcia" title="Gwendolyn Garcia">Gwendolyn Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">Paul V. McNutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_V._Pangilinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel V. Pangilinan">Manuel V. Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynato_Puno" title="Reynato Puno">Reynato Puno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerge_Remonde" title="Cerge Remonde">Cerge Remonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James B. Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Cardinal Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_SyCip" title="Washington SyCip">Washington SyCip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amando_Tetangco_Jr." title="Amando Tetangco Jr.">Amando Tetangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoichiro_Toyoda" title="Shoichiro Toyoda">Shoichiro Toyoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ty" title="George Ty">George Ty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Yap" title="Arthur C. Yap">Arthur C. Yap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Yuchengco" title="Alfonso Yuchengco">Alfonso Yuchengco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Officer<br />(<i>Marangal na Pinuno</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Thad Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lim_Bon_Liong" title="Henry Lim Bon Liong">Henry Lim Bon Liong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Soliven" title="Max Soliven">Max Soliven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commander (<i>Komandante</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_V._Pangilinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel V. Pangilinan">Manuel V. Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Pe%C3%B1aflorida" title="Efren Peñaflorida">Efren Peñaflorida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officer (<i>Pinuno</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Lucenario_Jr." title="Domingo Lucenario Jr.">Domingo Lucenario Jr.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Champion for Life (<i>Kampeon Habang Buhay</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Abenojar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Abenojar (page does not exist)">Dale Abenojar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronato_Alcano" title="Ronato Alcano">Ronato Alcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonito_Donaire" title="Nonito Donaire">Nonito Donaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Emata" title="Erwin Emata">Erwin Emata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Oracion" title="Leo Oracion">Leo Oracion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao" title="Manny Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_Lara_Quigaman" title="Precious Lara Quigaman">Precious Lara Quigaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Reyes" title="Efren Reyes">Efren Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Rosales" title="Jennifer Rosales">Jennifer Rosales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="36px_Order_of_Sikatuna_recipients_36px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Order_of_Sikatuna_recipients" title="Template:Order of Sikatuna recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Order_of_Sikatuna_recipients" title="Template talk:Order of Sikatuna recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Order_of_Sikatuna_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Order of Sikatuna recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="36px_Order_of_Sikatuna_recipients_36px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/36px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/54px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/72px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span>    <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sikatuna" title="Order of Sikatuna">Order of Sikatuna</a> recipients    <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/36px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/54px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg/72px-PHI_Order_of_Sikatuna_2003_Member_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Collar (Raja)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuan_Leekpai" title="Chuan Leekpai">Chuan Leekpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Cross (Datu)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Robert Gerard Brinks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftab_Ahmad_Khan" title="Aftab Ahmad Khan">Aftab Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li>Graeme Matheson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerril_Santos" title="Jerril Santos">Jerril Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Yeo" title="George Yeo">George Yeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadako_Ogata" title="Sadako Ogata">Sadako Ogata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao" title="Manny Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19943#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19943#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19943#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008411040X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/113818885">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/43383/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyWYkpxgv3Jgq8ty4xbh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118842536">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, 1938-"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79112298">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12186310v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12186310v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Juan Carlos I <re di Spagna>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV107437">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35768613">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700834&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX944658">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/225430">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070091935">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000046532&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftwzz913kmkmw7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649462705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263493105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517667306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08353241?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1078739">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118842536.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118842536">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030451515">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/60244">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Wise, 1st class</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali">Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_expatriates_in_Portugal" title="Category:Spanish expatriates in Portugal">Spanish expatriates in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_expatriates_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Spanish expatriates in the United Arab Emirates">Spanish expatriates in the United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Collars_of_the_Order_of_Lakandula" title="Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Lakandula">Grand Collars of the Order of Lakandula</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nansen_Refugee_Award_laureates" title="Category:Nansen Refugee Award laureates">Nansen Refugee Award laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_Ipiranga" title="Category:Recipients of 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