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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">能格型配列</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有29種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativel-absolutivel" title="Ergativel-absolutivel – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ergativel-absolutivel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_ergativa" title="Llengua ergativa – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua ergativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativn%C3%AD_jazyk" title="Ergativní jazyk – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ergativní jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_sprog" title="Ergative sprog – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ergative sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativsprache" title="Ergativsprache – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ergativsprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment" title="Ergative–absolutive alignment – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ergative–absolutive alignment" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativa_lingvo" title="Ergativa lingvo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ergativa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ergativa" title="Lengua ergativa – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua ergativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergatiiv-absolutiivne_keel" title="Ergatiiv-absolutiivne keel – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ergatiiv-absolutiivne keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_ergative" title="Langue ergative – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue ergative" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergatividade" title="Ergatividade – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ergatividade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengey_ergatagh-jeeragh" title="Çhengey ergatagh-jeeragh – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengey ergatagh-jeeragh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ergativo-assolutiva" title="Lingua ergativo-assolutiva – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua ergativo-assolutiva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="能格言語 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="能格言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8A%A5%EA%B2%A9-%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EA%B2%A9_%EC%A0%95%EB%A0%AC" title="능격-절대격 정렬 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="능격-절대격 정렬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ergat%C3%AEv" title="Zimanê ergatîv – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê ergatîv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ergativa" title="Lengua ergativa – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua ergativa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergatief-absolutieve_taal" title="Ergatief-absolutieve taal – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ergatief-absolutieve taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativspr%C3%A5k" title="Ergativspråk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ergativspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_ergatywno-absolutywny" title="Język ergatywno-absolutywny – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język ergatywno-absolutywny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ergativa-absolutiva" title="Língua ergativa-absolutiva – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua ergativa-absolutiva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Эргативные языки – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эргативные языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language" title="Ergative–absolutive language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ergative–absolutive language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergativ%E2%80%93absolutiva_spr%C3%A5k" title="Ergativ–absolutiva språk – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ergativ–absolutiva språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergatif_dil" title="Ergatif dil – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ergatif dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Ергативні мови – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ергативні мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ergativa" title="Łéngua ergativa – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ergativa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E9%80%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="施通格语言 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="施通格语言" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E9%80%9A%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="作通型配列 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="作通型配列" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&oldid=1990821" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&id=1990821&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2583%25BD%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%259E%258B%25E9%2585%258D%25E5%2588%2597"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2583%25BD%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%259E%258B%25E9%2585%258D%25E5%2588%2597"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862156" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><ruby><rb><b>能格型配列</b></rb><rt><span>nang<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> gaak<span class="Jpingtone">3</span> jing<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> pui<span class="Jpingtone">3</span> lit<span class="Jpingtone">6</span></span></rt></ruby>（<span lang="en" title="英文文字"><b>ergative-absolutive alignment</b></span>）係<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%8F%A5%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="詞句配列">詞句配列</a>一種，指隻<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>將 S 同 P 用同一方法處理，A 當做另一類嘢。 </p><p>有關 S A P 呢啲符號嘅意思，可以睇返<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%8F%A5%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="詞句配列">詞句配列</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基礎"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.A4.8E"></span>基礎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 基礎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%8F%A5%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="詞句配列">詞句配列</a></div> <p>有唔少語言都屬能格型，或者被指有能格型嘅傾向，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%A9%B1" title="巴斯克話">巴斯克話</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>最出名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="孤立語言">孤立語言</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="庫爾德話">庫爾德話</a>、多種<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="高加索地區">高加索地區</a>語言（包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯吉亞話">格魯吉亞話</a>）同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="印度斯坦話">印度斯坦話</a>... 呀噉<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。巴斯克話例句<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1972763">.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss tr,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td{line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .sentence{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td[colspan]{text-align:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td[colspan]+td[colspan]{border-left:1px dotted currentColor}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td.empty[colspan]{background:unset}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .part-of-speech,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss{font-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss td:not(.empty):not(.annotation):before{content:"｢";margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.0625em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss td:not(.empty):not(.annotation):after{content:"｣";margin-left:-0.125em}</style> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sentence-gloss"> <tbody><tr class="sentence"> <td>Pirata-∅ </td> <td>abiatzen </td> <td>da </td></tr> <tr class="gloss"> <td>（個）<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="海盜">海盜</a> </td> <td>離開 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>→ 粵譯：「個海盜離開。」</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sentence-gloss"> <tbody><tr class="sentence"> <td>Medikua-k </td> <td>pirata-∅ </td> <td>beldurtzen </td> <td>du </td></tr> <tr class="gloss"> <td>（個）<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" title="醫生">醫生</a> </td> <td>海盜 </td> <td>嚇親 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>→ 粵譯：「個醫生嚇親個海盜。」</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>留意到喺兩句嘢當中，<b>海盜</b>都用 <b>-∅</b> 嘜住咗（-∅ 指唔加嘢），但<b>海盜</b>喺例句 1 入面係 S 而喺例句 2 入面係 P（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="通格">通格</a>；ABS），同時例句 2 入面身為 A（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A0%BC" title="作格">作格</a>；ERG）嘅醫生用咗隻唔同嘅字（<b>-k</b>）嚟嘜住。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E6%A0%BC" title="文法格">文法格</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Comrie, B. (1989). <i>Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology</i>. University of Chicago press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tollan, R. (2013). Deriving morphological ergativity in Basque. <i>McGill Working Papers in Linguistics</i>, 23.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="語言類型學嘅主要概念" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:語言類型學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:語言類型學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="語言類型學嘅主要概念" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="語言類型學">語言類型學</a>嘅主要概念</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="音系類型">音系類型</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="聲調語言">聲調語言</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%BC%AA%E5%BB%93" title="聲調輪廓">聲調輪廓</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E5%B9%B3%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="純平聲調語言">純平</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%B9%B3%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="非平聲調語言">非平</a>聲調）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="音節結構">音節結構</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" title="複輔音">複輔音</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%99%82" title="等時">等時</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/VO_%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="VO 語序">VO 語序</a>（<a href="/wiki/SVO_%E5%9E%8B" title="SVO 型">SVO</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/VSO_%E5%9E%8B" title="VSO 型">VSO</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/VOS_%E5%9E%8B" title="VOS 型">VOS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OV_%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="OV 語序">OV 語序</a>（<a href="/wiki/SOV_%E5%9E%8B" title="SOV 型">SOV</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/OSV_%E5%9E%8B" title="OSV 型">OSV</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/OVS_%E5%9E%8B" title="OVS 型">OVS</a>）</li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="OS 語序">OS 語序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="自由語序">自由語序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%A5" title="關係子句">關係子句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="短語中心方向">短語中心方向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B1%E9%A1%8C%E5%84%AA%E5%85%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="話題優先語言">話題優先語言</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%8F%A5%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="詞句配列">詞句配列</a></b><br /> <li>可以睇咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E6%A0%BC" title="文法格">文法格</a>先</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="對格型配列">對格型</a>、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">能格型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A8%AE%E6%96%9C%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="二種斜格型配列">二種斜格型</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%8B%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="三立型配列">三立型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E8%83%BD%E6%A0%BC%E5%9E%8B" title="分裂能格型">分裂能格型</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="雙及物動詞">雙及物</a>配列（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%9B%99%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="直接雙及物配列">直接</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%8E%A5%E9%9B%99%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="間接雙及物配列">間接</a>）</li> <li>睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="零標記語言">零標記語言</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E8%A9%9E%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="構詞類型學">構詞類型</a></b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AA%9E" title="分析語">分析語</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E" title="綜合語">綜合語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="孤立語">孤立語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%91%97%E8%AA%9E" title="黏著語">黏著語</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AA%9E" title="屈折語">屈折語</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>拉雜相關</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法">文法</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%A5" title="關係子句">關係子句</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4_(%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95)" title="一致 (文法)">一致</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E5%85%83%E5%83%B9%E4%BD%8D" title="論元價位">論元價位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%9A%E7%94%B1" title="據由">據由嘜法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E7%95%A5_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="省略 (語言學)">省略</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="無主語言">無主語言</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="甩代語言">甩代語言</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">數詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D" title="色名">色名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%80%9A%E5%89%87" title="普世語言通則">普世語言通則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="比較語言學">比較語言學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97" title="第二語言習得">SLA</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2" title="語言距離">語言距離</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="翻譯">翻譯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">NLP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistics_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/40px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/60px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png 1.5x, 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