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style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_(Judaist)" class="extiw" title="de:Peter Schäfer (Judaist)">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>.  <i><small>(December 2014)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Peter Schäfer (Judaist)]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Peter Schäfer (Judaist)}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Talk:Peter Schäfer">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_(2022).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg/220px-Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg/330px-Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg/440px-Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer_%282022%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1593" data-file-height="2159" /></a><figcaption>Peter Schäfer</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Peter Schäfer</b> (born 29 June 1943, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a> an der Ruhr, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>) is a prolific German <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholar</a> of ancient <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">religious studies</a>, who has made contributions to the field of ancient <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a> through monographs, co-edited volumes, numerous articles, and his trademark synoptic editions. He was a Professor of Religion and the Ronald O. Perelman Professor of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Judaic Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> from 1998 to 2013. </p><p>He was the director of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_Berlin" title="Jewish Museum Berlin">Jewish Museum of Berlin</a> until June 2019 when he resigned amid criticism after a museum spokesperson issued a tweet critical of a Bundestag resolution that said the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> movement had an anti-semitic character.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz101220-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, he received letters of support from 95 museum directors and curators, 445 Jewish studies scholars and 45 Talmudists.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz101220-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1983 to 2008 he was Professor for Jewish Studies at <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Freie Universität Berlin</a>. Since 1993, he has been co-editor of <i>Jewish Studies Quarterly</i>. Schäfer's research interests include <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a> in <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, the religion and literature of <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mysticism" title="Jewish mysticism">Jewish mysticism</a>, 19th- and 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums" title="Wissenschaft des Judentums">Wissenschaft des Judentums</a> and Jewish magic. He is a member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a> Distinguished Achievement Award in December 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Freie_Universität_Berlin_2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freie_Universität_Berlin_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 he was awarded the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize by the Protestant Faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Universität_Tübingen_2021_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Universität_Tübingen_2021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2021 the <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_for_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts">Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ORDEN_POUR_LE_MÉRITE_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORDEN_POUR_LE_MÉRITE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schäfer is Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-veconomist_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veconomist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schäfer contends that <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a></i> was likely derived from his understanding of the "postbiblical Wisdom literature, in particular the Wisdom of Solomon."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 Schäfer was criticized for inviting a Palestinian scholar to give a lecture at the museum and giving a personal tour to the cultural director of the Iranian embassy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran is regularly criticized for antisemitic statements <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schäfer became a target for anti-<a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">BDS</a> activists when Berlin's Jewish Museum presented an exhibition "Welcome to Jerusalem", which included a Muslim narrative as part of its depiction of Jerusalem. The criticism reached a peak when the museum's spokesperson issued a tweet critical of a May 2019 Bundestag resolution that said the BDS movement had an anti-semitic character. Schäfer resigned as director of the museum in June 2019 to protect it from further attacks. Regarding the criticism, he said: "The accusation of antisemitism is a club that allows one to deal a very rapid death blow, and political elements who have an interest in this used and are using it, without a doubt".<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz101220-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_books">Major books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schäfer's books contribute to the understanding of classical Judaism as well as ancient Jewish and Christian relations: </p> <ul><li><i>Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World</i>, Harvard University Press, 1998. This has been translated into several languages.</li> <li><i>Mirror of His Beauty: Feminine Images of God From the Bible to the Early Kabbalah</i>, Princeton University Press, 2002.</li> <li><i>The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World</i>, Routledge, 2003.</li> <li><i>Jesus in the Talmud,</i> Princeton University Press, 2007.</li> <li><i>The Origins of Jewish Mysticism,</i> Princeton University Press, 2009.</li> <li><i>The Jewish Jesus: How Judaism and Christianity shaped each other,</i> Princeton University Press, 2012.</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Two Gods in Heaven: Jewish Concepts of God in Antiquity.</i> Princeton University Press, 2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmark_synoptic_editions">Landmark synoptic editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landmark synoptic editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schäfer has encouraged the study of esoteric subjects in early Judaism through the publication of synoptic editions of ancient texts. These editions collate multiple manuscripts in large-format books that allow for line by line comparison of ancient Hebrew and Aramaic texts. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a>: <i>Synopse zur Hekhalot-Literatur</i>. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1981.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>: Peter Schäfer and H.-J. Becker. <i>Synopse zum Talmud Yerushalmi</i>. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1991.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Ha-Razim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Ha-Razim">Sefer Ha-Razim</a>: Peter Schäfer and B. Rebiger. <i>Sefer ha-Razim</i>. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledot_Yeshu" title="Toledot Yeshu">Toledot Yeshu</a>: Peter Schäfer and Michael Meerson with the collaboration of Yaacov Deutsch, David Grossberg, Avigail Manekin, and Adina Yoffie. <i>Toledot Yeshu: the Life Story of Jesus</i>. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peter Schäfer, <i>Die Vorstellung vom heiligen Geist in der rabbinischen Literatur</i>, Munich 1972</li> <li>Peter Schäfer, <i>Rivalität zwischen Engeln und Menschen : Untersuchungen zur rabbinischen Engelvorstellung.</i> Berlin de Gru.75.</li> <li>Peter Schäfer, <i>Geschichte der Juden in der Antike. Die Juden Palästinas von Alexander dem Großen bis zur arabischen Eroberung</i>, Catholic Publishers, Stuttgart, 1983 in: Journal for the Study of Judaism, Volume 14, Number 2, 1983, pp. 221–224(4)</li> <li>Peter Schäfer, Irina Wandrey: <i>Reuchlin und seine Erben : Forscher, Denker, Ideologen und Spinner</i>, Thorbecke 2005, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7995-5981-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7995-5981-7">3-7995-5981-7</a></li> <li>Peter Schäfer and Elisabeth Müller-Luckner: <i>Wege mystischer Gotteserfahrung: Judentum, Christentum und Islam</i>, Oldenbourg Munich 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8">978-3-486-58006-8</a></li> <li>Peter Schäfer: <i>Jesus im Talmud</i>, Mohr Siebeck Tübingen 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149462-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149462-8">978-3-16-149462-8</a>, translated Barbara Schäfer: <i>Jesus in the Talmud</i>, Princeton University Press 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12926-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12926-6">978-0-691-12926-6</a></li> <li><i>The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: Archaeological, Historical, and Literary Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome</i>, Tuebingen 2003</li> <li><i>Der Triumph der reinen Geistigkeit. Sigmund Freuds "Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion"</i>, Berlin and Vienna 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-haaretz101220-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz101220_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMashiach2020" class="citation web cs1">Mashiach, Itay (10 December 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.HIGHLIGHT.MAGAZINE-in-germany-a-witch-hunt-rages-against-israel-critics-many-have-had-enough-1.9362662">"In Germany, a witch hunt is raging against critics of Israel. 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The Jerusalem Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Berlin+Jewish+Museum+director+resigns+over+tweet+endorsing+antisemitic+BDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiaspora%2FGerman-Museum-director-sparking-BDS-controversy-resigns-after-condemnations-fly-592564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2019/06/18/global/45-jewish-scholars-sign-unprecedented-letter-supporting-berlin-jewish-museum-director-who-resigned-under-pressure">"45 Jewish scholars sign unprecedented letter supporting Berlin Jewish Museum director who resigned under pressure"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 18 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DPeter%2BSch%25C3%25A4fer%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freie_Universität_Berlin_2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freie_Universität_Berlin_2021_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fu-berlin.de/presse/informationen/fup/2007/fup_07_007/index.html">"Renommierter US-Preis für Wissenschaftler der Freien Universität"</a>. <i>Freie Universität Berlin</i> (in German). 30 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freie+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&rft.atitle=Renommierter+US-Preis+f%C3%BCr+Wissenschaftler+der+Freien+Universit%C3%A4t&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fu-berlin.de%2Fpresse%2Finformationen%2Ffup%2F2007%2Ffup_07_007%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Universität_Tübingen_2021-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Universität_Tübingen_2021_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uni-tuebingen.de/universitaet/aktuelles-und-publikationen/newsletter-uni-tuebingen-aktuell/2014/2/forum/1/">"Der Judaist Peter Schäfer erhält den Dr. Leopold Lucas-Preis 2014"</a>. <i>Universität Tübingen</i> (in German). 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Universit%C3%A4t+T%C3%BCbingen&rft.atitle=Der+Judaist+Peter+Sch%C3%A4fer+erh%C3%A4lt+den+Dr.+Leopold+Lucas-Preis+2014&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funi-tuebingen.de%2Funiversitaet%2Faktuelles-und-publikationen%2Fnewsletter-uni-tuebingen-aktuell%2F2014%2F2%2Fforum%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ORDEN_POUR_LE_MÉRITE-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ORDEN_POUR_LE_MÉRITE_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/mitglieder/peter-schäfer">"PETER SCHÄFER"</a>. <i>ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ORDEN+POUR+LE+M%C3%89RITE&rft.atitle=PETER+SCH%C3%84FER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orden-pourlemerite.de%2Fmitglieder%2Fpeter-sch%C3%A4fer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-veconomist-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-veconomist_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/07/27/how-the-jewish-museum-berlin-fell-out-with-jews">"How the Jewish Museum Berlin fell out with Jews"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 27 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=How+the+Jewish+Museum+Berlin+fell+out+with+Jews&rft.date=2019-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2019%2F07%2F27%2Fhow-the-jewish-museum-berlin-fell-out-with-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäfer2011" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schäfer, Peter</a> (24 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eI-NbejlhlUC&pg=PA159"><i>The Origins of Jewish Mysticism</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14215-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14215-9"><bdi>978-0-691-14215-9</bdi></a>. <q>It is more than likely that Philo knew the postbiblical Wisdom literature, in particular the Wisdom of Solomon, and was influenced by it. The obvious identification of Logos and Wisdom in the Wisdom of Solomon is a case in point. Wisdom (Greek <i>sophia</i>) plays a prominent role in Philo as well and is yet another power among the divine powers that acts as an agent of creation. Whereas the Logos, as we have seen, is responsible for the intelligible world, Wisdom would seem to be responsible for the world perceived by the senses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Jewish+Mysticism&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011-01-24&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14215-9&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeI-NbejlhlUC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy2019" class="citation news cs1">Eddy, Melissa (14 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/14/world/europe/berlin-jewish-museum-director-quits-bds.html">"Director of Berlin's Jewish Museum Quits After Spat Over B.D.S."</a> <i>The New York Times</i> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Director+of+Berlin%27s+Jewish+Museum+Quits+After+Spat+Over+B.D.S.&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fberlin-jewish-museum-director-quits-bds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/14/iran.secondworldwar">"Holocaust a myth, says Iranian president"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. Associated Press. 14 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Holocaust+a+myth%2C+says+Iranian+president&rft.date=2005-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fdec%2F14%2Firan.secondworldwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishjournal.com/israel/316061/ayatollah-khamenei-issues-poster-calling-for-final-solution-against-israel/">"Ayatollah Khamenei Issues Poster Calling for 'Final Solution' Against Israel"</a>. <i>Jewish Journal</i>. 19 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Journal&rft.atitle=Ayatollah+Khamenei+Issues+Poster+Calling+for+%27Final+Solution%27+Against+Israel&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Fisrael%2F316061%2Fayatollah-khamenei-issues-poster-calling-for-final-solution-against-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Sch%C3%A4fer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sch%C3%A4fer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/~pschafer/">Peter Schäfer's website (Princeton)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070404025837/http://www.princeton.edu/pr/news/98/q1/0202-schafer.html">"Peter Schäfer Appointed Perelman Professor of Judaic Studies" (Princeton University 2. Februar 1998)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97091#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97091#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4964169">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHrPpXQkRGvmqCWpjBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120717050">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82011949">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121264299">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121264299">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01217770">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schäfer, Peter <1943- >"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV021991">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35478814">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20020130004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1114354">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/72886">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075227371">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90543818">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000254162&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000310527&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202281582">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810530255105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/71716">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007267724705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14265457">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05649831?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/967641">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/120717050.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120717050">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029695422">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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