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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Survivors_and_modern_reproductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survivors_and_modern_reproductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Survivors and modern reproductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survivors_and_modern_reproductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Clerget_9B-engined_variant)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Clerget_9B-engined_variant)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (Clerget 9B-engined variant)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Clerget_9B-engined_variant)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sopwith Triplane</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Driedekker" title="Sopwith Driedekker – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sopwith Driedekker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplan" title="Sopwith Triplan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sopwith Triplan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA%27_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סופווית' טריפליין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופווית' טריפליין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9_%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ソッピーストライプレーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソッピーストライプレーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Сопвит триплејн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сопвит триплејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Triplane" title="Sopwith Triplane – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sopwith Triplane" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British WW1 triplane fighter aircraft</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Sopwith Triplane</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg/300px-Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg/450px-Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg/600px-Sopwith_Triplane_G-BOCK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Triplane reproduction G-BOCK at Old Warden, 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Aviation_Company" title="Sopwith Aviation Company">Sopwith Aviation Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Smith_(engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Smith (engineer)">Herbert Smith</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">147<sup id="cite_ref-numbers_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1916</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sopwith Triplane</b> is a British single seat <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> designed and manufactured by the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Aviation_Company" title="Sopwith Aviation Company">Sopwith Aviation Company</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. It has the distinction of being the first military <a href="/wiki/Triplane" title="Triplane">triplane</a> to see operational service. </p><p>The Triplane was developed by the firm's experimental department as a private venture, the project was headed by the designer <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Smith_(engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Smith (engineer)">Herbert Smith</a>. Aside from its obvious difference in wing configuration, the aircraft shared many similarities with the company's successful <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> fighter, the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Sopwith Pup</a>. The prototype Triplane performed its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> on 28 May 1916 and was dispatched to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">French theatre</a> two months later, where it garnered high praise for its exceptional rate of climb and high manoeuvrability. During late 1916, quantity production of the type commenced in response to orders received from the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a>. During early 1917, production examples of the Triplane arrived with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> squadrons. </p><p>The Triplane rapidly proved to be capable of outstanding agility, and thus was quickly deemed to be a success amongst those squadrons that flew it. Praise for the type extended to opposing pilots; <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Germany">Imperial Germany</a> extensively studied the Triplane via captured examples and produced numerous tri-winged aircraft shortly thereafter. Nevertheless, the Triplane was built in comparatively small numbers to that of the more conventional <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Sopwith Pup</a>. It had been decided to withdraw the Triplane from active service as increasing numbers of the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camel</a> arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving Triplanes continued to serve as operational trainers and experimental aircraft until months following the end of the conflict. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SopTri5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SopTri5.jpg/220px-SopTri5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/SopTri5.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Triplane prototype</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SopTri3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/SopTri3.jpg/220px-SopTri3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/SopTri3.jpg/330px-SopTri3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/SopTri3.jpg/440px-SopTri3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Serial N5387 of <a href="/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 201 Squadron RAF">No. 1 Naval Squadron</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sop3pit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sop3pit.jpg/220px-Sop3pit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sop3pit.jpg/330px-Sop3pit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sop3pit.jpg/440px-Sop3pit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>Triplane cockpit</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Aviation_Company" title="Sopwith Aviation Company">Sopwith Aviation Company</a> became a prominent British manufacturer of military aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was amid this conflict that one of its employees, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Smith_(engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Smith (engineer)">Herbert Smith</a>, designed the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Sopwith Pup</a>, a single-seat <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> fighter aircraft which was described by aviation author J.M. Bruce as being "one of the world's greatest aeroplanes".<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it was a capable fighter that possessed impressive handling qualities for its era, from an <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic">aerodynamic</a> perspective, the Pup was an entirely conventional design. Certain figures, including those within Sopwith's experimental department, sought to develop a successor which would instead pioneer new concepts for such an aircraft; out of such ambitions would emerge the Triplane.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on, Sopwith decided to pursue development of the Triplane concept as a private venture initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design, which was passed by the company's experimental department on 28 May 1916, was contemporary to the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_L.R.T.Tr." title="Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.">Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.</a> project, which never progressed beyond the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> stage; Bruce speculated that Smith may have been inspired by the L.R.T.Tr.'s atypical wing configuration to adopt the iconic triplane configuration for the new project.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond the obvious difference in terms of wing configuration, the Triplane's design largely conformed with that of the Pup. It has been described as being a "remarkably simple aircraft".<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Into_flight">Into flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Into flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial "prototype of what was to be referred to simply as the Triplane" first flew on 28 May 1916, with Sopwith test pilot <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hawker" title="Harry Hawker">Harry Hawker</a> at the controls.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within three minutes of takeoff, Hawker startled onlookers by looping the aircraft, serial N500, three times in succession.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hawker noted that this was due to his high confidence in the aircraft despite its radical design.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Triplane was very agile, with effective, well-harmonised controls.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p19_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p19-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When maneuvering, however, the Triplane presented an unusual appearance. One observer noted that the aircraft looked like "a drunken flight of steps" when rolling.<sup id="cite_ref-Connors_p._50_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connors_p._50-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While initially lacking any armament, N500 was subsequently furnished with a single <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a>, which was mounted centrally in front of the cockpit.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1916, N500 was sent to <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> for evaluation with "A" Naval Squadron, 1 Naval Wing. Being put into action within 15 minutes of its arrival to intercept enemy aircraft, N500 quickly proved to be highly successful. According to Bruce, it demonstrated exemplary maneuverability and a phenomenal rate of climb for the era.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second prototype, N504, performed its maiden flight in August 1916. Its primary difference from the first prototype was the installation of a 130 hp Clerget 9B engine.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N504 was eventually dispatched to France in December of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aircraft served as a conversion trainer for several squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p50_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between July 1916 and January 1917, the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> issued two contracts to Sopwith for a total of 95 Triplanes, two contracts to <a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Shuttleworth" title="Clayton & Shuttleworth">Clayton & Shuttleworth</a> Ltd. for a total of 46 aircraft, and one contract to Oakley & Co. Ltd. for 25 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p70-71_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p70-71-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking modern aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> (RFC), the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> also issued a contract to Clayton & Shuttleworth for 106 Triplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_34_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_34-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quantity production of the type commenced in late 1916. The first Sopwith-built Triplanes were delivered to Clayton & Shuttleworth, who delivered their first Triplane on 2 December 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A renewed urgency amongst the Allied Powers for high performance combat aircraft came following the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.II" title="Albatros D.II">Albatros D.II</a>, which entered service with <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Germany">Imperial Germany</a> around this same time frame, which threatened Allied aerial supremacy.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1917, the War Office agreed to exchange its Triplane orders for the Admiralty's <a href="/wiki/SPAD_S.VII" title="SPAD S.VII">SPAD S.VII</a> contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p61-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_45_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_45-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While both Sopwith and Clayton & Shuttleworth successfully fulfilled their RNAS production orders,<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p70-71_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p70-71-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oakley, which had no prior experience building aircraft, delivered only three Triplanes before its contract was cancelled during October 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p76_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p76-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_p157_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_p157-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For unknown reasons, the RFC Triplane contract issued to Clayton & Shuttleworth was simply cancelled rather than being transferred to the RNAS.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total production of the type amounted to 147 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-numbers_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p61-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sopwith Triplane was a single seat fighter aircraft; it shared a considerable amount of its design features, such as its <a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">empennage</a>, with those of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Pup</a>. While the fuselage was structurally similar, Bruce notes that there were several areas of differences present.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example was the attachment points present for the center wings, which were carried upon the top and bottom <a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">longerons</a> of the fuselage and in turn also attached to the center-section struts. One innovation that was present only on the Triplane was the use of single broad-chord interplane struts, which ran continuously between the lower and upper wings.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most distinctive feature of the Triplane is its three narrow-<a href="/wiki/Chord_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (aircraft)">chord</a> wings; these provided the pilot with an improved field of view. These wings had the same span as that of the Pup, while being only 21 square feet less in terms of area.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">Ailerons</a> were fitted to all three wings. The relatively narrow chord and short span wings have been attributed with providing a high level of manoeuvrability.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of a smaller 8 ft span tailplane in February 1917 was attributed with improved <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevator (aircraft)">elevator</a> response.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooksley_p23_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooksley_p23-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original tail assembly was identical to the Pup's, other than the inclusion of the variable incidence <a href="/wiki/Tailplane" title="Tailplane">tailplane</a>, which could be adjusted so that the aircraft could be flown hands-off.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p19-66_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p19-66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_3_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Triplane was initially powered by the 110 hp <a href="/wiki/Clerget" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerget">Clerget</a> 9Z nine-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">rotary engine</a>. However, the majority of production examples were instead fitted with the more powerful 130 hp Clerget 9B rotary. At least one Triplane was tested with a <a href="/wiki/Le_Rh%C3%B4ne_9J" title="Le Rhône 9J">110 hp Le Rhône</a> rotary engine, but this did not provide a significant improvement in performance, the only seeming benefit being a slight increase in its rate of climb.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg/220px-Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg/330px-Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg/440px-Sopwith_Triplane_in_Russland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Triplanes of <a href="/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 201 Squadron RAF">No. 1 Naval Squadron</a> at Bailleul, France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SopTri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SopTri.jpg/220px-SopTri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SopTri.jpg/330px-SopTri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SopTri.jpg/440px-SopTri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Collishaw" title="Raymond Collishaw">Raymond Collishaw</a>'s Triplane, serial N533. Collishaw flew several Triplanes, all named <i>Black Maria</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SopTri2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/SopTri2.jpg/220px-SopTri2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/SopTri2.jpg/330px-SopTri2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/SopTri2.jpg/440px-SopTri2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>French naval Triplane</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 201 Squadron RAF">No. 1 Naval Squadron</a> became fully operational with the Triplane by December 1916, but the squadron did not see any significant action until February 1917, when it relocated from <a href="/wiki/Veurne" title="Veurne">Furnes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chipilly" title="Chipilly">Chipilly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p9_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p9-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/No._208_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 208 Squadron RAF">No. 8 Naval Squadron</a> received its Triplanes in February 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p22_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p22-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_5_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nos. <a href="/wiki/No._209_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 209 Squadron RAF">9</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._210_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 210 Squadron RAF">10</a> Naval Squadrons equipped with the type between April and May 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p55/68_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p55/68-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All but one British Triplane were dispatched to squadrons based in France; this sole aircraft was instead sent to the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a>, although its service details and purpose there is largely unknown, only that its use was curtailed after a crash-landing in <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a> on 26 March 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_8_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from the British, the only other major operator of the Triplane was a French naval squadron based at Dunkirk, which received 17 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p62/63_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p62/63-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_89_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_89-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single example was shipped to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> for exhibition purposes in December 1917. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service" title="Imperial Russian Air Service">Imperial Russian Air Service</a> also operated a single Triplane during the latter half of 1917, its fate being unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_9_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Triplane's combat debut was highly successful. The new fighter's exceptional rate of climb and high service ceiling gave it a marked advantage over the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a>, though the Triplane was slower in a dive.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p21_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p21-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During April 1917, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a>, better known as <i>The Red Baron</i>, commented that the Triplane was the best Allied fighter at that time, a sentiment that was echoed by other German senior officers such as <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Hoeppner" title="Ernst von Hoeppner">Ernst von Hoeppner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_7_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple Triplanes were captured and subject to considerable evaluation and study.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_78_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_78-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans were so impressed by the aircraft's performance that it spawned a brief triplane craze among German aircraft manufacturers. Their efforts resulted in no fewer than 34 different prototypes, including the <a href="/wiki/Fokker_V.4" title="Fokker V.4">Fokker V.4</a>, prototype of the successful <a href="/wiki/Fokker_Dr.I" title="Fokker Dr.I">Fokker Dr.I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pilots nicknamed the aircraft the <i>Tripehound</i> or simply the <i>Tripe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Triplane was famously flown by "B" Flight 10 Naval Squadron, better known as the "Black Flight". This all-<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> flight was commanded by the ace <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Collishaw" title="Raymond Collishaw">Raymond Collishaw</a>. Their aircraft, named <i>Black Maria</i>, <i>Black Prince</i>, <i>Black George</i>, <i>Black Death</i> and <i>Black Sheep</i>, were distinguishable by their black-painted fins and cowlings.<sup id="cite_ref-Connors_p._50_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connors_p._50-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Black Flight claimed 87 German aircraft in three months while equipped with the Triplane. Collishaw scored 34 of his eventual 60 victories in the aircraft, making him the top Triplane ace.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p68_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p68-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_67_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_67-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issues">Issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Triplane's combat career was comparatively brief, in part because it proved difficult to repair.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_7_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_7-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fuel and oil tanks were inaccessible without dismantling the wings and fuselage; even relatively minor repairs had to be made at rear echelon repair depots. Spare parts became difficult to obtain during the summer of 1917, resulting in the reduction of No. 1 Naval Squadron's complement from 18 to 15 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bruce, it is plausible that squadrons were slow to refit their Triplanes with the improved tailplane due to a lack of available kits for doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_56_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_56-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Triplane also gained a reputation for structural weakness because the wings of some aircraft collapsed in steep dives. This defect was attributed to the use of light gauge bracing wires in the 46 aircraft built by subcontractor Clayton & Shuttleworth.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p76-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several pilots of No. 10 Naval Squadron used cables or additional wires to strengthen their Triplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p76-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruce alleges that there was no substance to the concerns of structural weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, the RAF issued a technical order for the installation of a spanwise compression strut between the inboard cabane struts of surviving Triplanes. One aircraft, serial N5912, was fitted with additional mid-bay <a href="/wiki/Flying_wires" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying wires">flying wires</a> on the upper wing while used as a trainer. </p><p>Another drawback of the Triplane was its light armament.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p69_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p69-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Albatros fighters were armed with two guns but most Triplanes carried one <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronised</a> <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a>. Efforts to fit twin guns to the Triplane met with mixed results. Clayton & Shuttleworth built six experimental Triplanes with twin guns.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_p61-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these aircraft saw combat service with Nos. 1 and 10 Naval Squadrons in July 1917 but performance was reduced and the single gun remained standard.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p13/69_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p13/69-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triplanes built by Oakley would have featured twin guns, an engineering change which severely delayed production.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_p157_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_p157-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_from_service">Withdrawal from service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Withdrawal from service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1917, <a href="/wiki/No._204_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 204 Squadron RAF">No. 4 Naval Squadron</a> received the first <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camels" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopwith Camels">Sopwith Camels</a> and the advantages of the sturdier, better-armed fighter quickly became evident. Nos. 8 and 9 Naval Squadrons re-equipped with Camels between early July and early August 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p46-57_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p46-57-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No. 10 Naval Squadron converted in late August, turning over its remaining Triplanes to No. 1 Naval Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p76-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No. 1 operated Triplanes until December, allegedly suffering heavy casualties as a consequence of the slow replacement of their Triplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-Franks_p17_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franks_p17-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 1917, surviving Triplanes were used as advanced trainers with <a href="/wiki/No._212_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 212 Squadron RAF">No. 12 Naval Squadron</a>. For a time, the type remained in use for experimental and training purposes; examples were recorded as performing flights as late as October 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-bruce_910_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_910-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six British aces scored all of their victories on Sopwith Triplanes. These were <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Albert_Page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Albert Page (page does not exist)">John Albert Page</a> (7), <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Culling" title="Thomas Culling">Thomas Culling</a> (6), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Askew_Eyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyril Askew Eyre (page does not exist)">Cyril Askew Eyre</a> (6), <a href="/wiki/F._H._Maynard" title="F. H. Maynard">F. H. Maynard</a> (6), <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ewart_Nash" title="Gerald Ewart Nash">Gerald Ewart Nash</a> (6) and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Arnold" title="Anthony Arnold">Anthony Arnold</a> (5). <sup id="cite_ref-Davis_p75_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_p75-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeronavale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronavale"><i>Aéronautique navale</i></a> (17 aircraft)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Hellenic Navy</a> (one aircraft)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russian Air Force">Imperial Russian Air Force</a> (one aircraft)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a> (one aircraft taken over from the Imperial Russian Air Force)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 201 Squadron RAF">No. 1 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._208_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 208 Squadron RAF">No. 8 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._209_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 209 Squadron RAF">No. 9 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._210_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 210 Squadron RAF">No. 10 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._211_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 211 Squadron RAF">No. 11 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._212_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 212 Squadron RAF">No. 12 Naval Squadron</a></li> <li>"A" Naval Squadron</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survivors_and_modern_reproductions">Survivors and modern reproductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Survivors and modern reproductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG/220px-Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG/330px-Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG/440px-Sopwith_Triplane_at_RAF_Museum_London_in_November_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Serial N5912 on display in the Grahame White Hangar, at the Royal Air Force Museum London, 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SopTri4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SopTri4.jpg/220px-SopTri4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SopTri4.jpg/330px-SopTri4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SopTri4.jpg/440px-SopTri4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Serial N5486 during its service with the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg/220px-Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg/330px-Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg/440px-Sopwith_Triplane_N5486.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5811" data-file-height="3327" /></a><figcaption>Serial N5486 today</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Canada</dt></dl> <ul><li>Reproduction – On static display at <a href="/wiki/The_Hangar_Flight_Museum" title="The Hangar Flight Museum">The Hangar Flight Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Alberta">Calgary, Alberta</a>. This aircraft represents serial N6302, flown by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Williams_Carter" title="Alfred Williams Carter">Alfred Williams Carter</a> of No. 10 Naval Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reproduction – In storage at the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Aviation_and_Space_Museum" title="Canada Aviation and Space Museum">Canada Aviation and Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Russia</dt></dl> <ul><li>N5486 – On static display at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Force_Museum" title="Central Air Force Museum">Central Air Force Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monino" title="Monino">Monino, Moscow</a>. It was supplied to the Russian Government for evaluation in May 1917. In Russia, the aircraft was fitted with skis and used operationally until captured by the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevists" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevists">Bolshevists</a>. The aircraft then served in the Red Air Force, probably as a trainer, and was rebuilt many times.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>United States</dt></dl> <ul><li>Reproduction – On static display at the <a href="/wiki/MAPS_Air_Museum" title="MAPS Air Museum">MAPS Air Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Canton,_Ohio" title="North Canton, Ohio">North Canton, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built by Akron pilot Bill Woodall using original Sopwith plans.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>United Kingdom</dt></dl> <ul><li>N5912 – On static display at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_London" title="Royal Air Force Museum London">Royal Air Force Museum London</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. It was one of three aircraft built by Oakley & Co. Ltd. and delivered in late 1917. The aircraft saw no combat service and instead served with No.2 School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at <a href="/wiki/Marske_Aerodrome" title="Marske Aerodrome">Marske</a>. After the war, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a> displayed the aircraft in a temporary exhibition until 1924. In 1936, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> acquired and restored the aircraft, flying it in several RAF Pageants at <a href="/wiki/Hendon_Aerodrome" title="Hendon Aerodrome">Hendon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reproduction – Airworthy at the <a href="/wiki/Shuttleworth_Collection" title="Shuttleworth Collection">Shuttleworth Collection</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Warden" title="Old Warden">Old Warden, Bedfordshire</a>. This aircraft is registered as G-BOCK and is marked as <i>Dixie II</i>. It represents the original <i>Dixie</i>, serial N6290, of <a href="/wiki/No._208_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 208 Squadron RAF">No. 8 Naval Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiscock_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiscock-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reproduction – Airworthy as part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_War_Display_Team" title="Great War Display Team">Great War Display Team</a>. This aircraft is registered as N500, the first Triplane prototype which flew with <a href="/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 201 Squadron RAF">No. 1 Squadron RNAS)</a> from 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Clerget_9B-engined_variant)"><span id="Specifications_.28Clerget_9B-engined_variant.29"></span>Specifications (Clerget 9B-engined variant)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Specifications (Clerget 9B-engined variant)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orthographically projected diagram of the Sopwith Triplane"><img alt="Orthographically projected diagram of the Sopwith Triplane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg/250px-Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg/375px-Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg/500px-Sopwith_Triplane_3-view.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Orthographically projected diagram of the Sopwith Triplane</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>British Aeroplanes 1914–18</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bruce_British_p568_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce_British_p568-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Aircraft Profile No. 73: The Sopwith Triplane</i><sup id="cite_ref-bruce_12_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruce_12-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 18 ft 10 in (5.74 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 26 ft 6 in (8.08 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 231 sq ft (21.5 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 1,101 lb (499 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 1,541 lb (699 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Clerget_9B" title="Clerget 9B">Clerget 9B</a> 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 130 hp (97 kW)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 117 mph (188 km/h, 102 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,524 m)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 321 mi (517 km, 279 nmi)</li> <li><b>Endurance:</b> 2 hours 45 minutes</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 20,500 ft (6,200 m)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> <br /></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>6,000 ft (1,829 m) in 5 minutes 50 seconds</li> <li>16,400 ft (4,999 m) in 26 minutes 30 seconds</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Wing loading:</b> 6.13 lb/sq ft (29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 in (7.70 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triplane" title="Triplane">Triplane</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service">List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcock_Scout" title="Alcock Scout">Alcock Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Croix_Sopwith_Triplane" title="St Croix Sopwith Triplane">St Croix Sopwith Triplane</a>, a homebuilt replica design</li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_Dr.I" title="Fokker Dr.I">Fokker Dr.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_17" title="Nieuport 17">Nieuport 17</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-numbers-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-numbers_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-numbers_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowers and McDowell 1993, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_10_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_3_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 2001, p. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robertson 1970, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p19-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p19_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connors_p._50-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Connors_p._50_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connors_p._50_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Connors 1975, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_4_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p50-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p50_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p50_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_p70-71-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p70-71_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p70-71_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis 1999, pp. 70–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_p72-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p72_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis 1999, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_34-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_34_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 3-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_5_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_5_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_5_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason_p61-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_p61_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1992, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_45-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_45_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 4-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_p76-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p76_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis 1999, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson_p157-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_p157_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_p157_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robertson 1970, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooksley_p23-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooksley_p23_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooksley 1991, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p19-66-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p19-66_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, pp. 19, 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p9-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p9_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p22-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p22_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p55/68-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p55/68_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Franks 2004, pp. 54, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_8-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_8_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p62/63-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p62/63_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Franks 2004, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_89-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_89_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 8-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_9-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_9_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p21-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p21_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, pp. 21, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_7-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_7_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_7_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_78-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_78_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 7-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennett 1991, p. 98,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowers and McDowell 1993, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p68-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p68_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_67-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_67_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 6-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamberton 1960, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_56-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_56_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 5-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p76-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p76_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p69-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p69_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p13/69-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p13/69_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Franks 2004, pp. 13, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p46-57-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p46-57_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, pp. 46, 49, 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franks_p17-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franks_p17_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franks 2004, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_910-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_910_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_p75-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_p75_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis 1999, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehangarmuseum.ca/exhibits/sopwith-triplane">"SOPWITH TRIPLANE"</a>. <i>The Hangar Flight Museum</i>. The Hangar Flight Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hangar+Flight+Museum&rft.atitle=SOPWITH+TRIPLANE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehangarmuseum.ca%2Fexhibits%2Fsopwith-triplane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ingeniumcanada.org/artifact/sopwith-triplane">"Sopwith Triplane"</a>. <i>Ingenium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ingenium&rft.atitle=Sopwith+Triplane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fingeniumcanada.org%2Fartifact%2Fsopwith-triplane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1990, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapsairmuseum.org/sopwith-triplane-tripehound">"SOPWITH TRIPLANE "TRIPEHOUND"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>MAPS Air Museum</i>. 21 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+and+Flying&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fmapsairmuseum.org%2Fsopwith-triplane%2Fbuilding-and-flying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/sopwith-triplane">"Sopwith Triplane"</a>. <i>Royal Air Force Museum</i>. Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Air+Force+Museum&rft.atitle=Sopwith+Triplane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fresearch%2Fcollections%2Fsopwith-triplane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2013" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Andrew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/74-A-19-Sopwith-Triplane-N5912.pdf">"INDIVIDUAL HISTORY [N5912]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Air Force Museum</i>. Royal Air Force Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Shuttleworth<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shuttleworth&rft.atitle=SOPWITH+TRIPLANE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shuttleworth.org%2Fcollection%2Fsopwithtriplane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=BOCK">"GINFO Search Results [G-BOCK]"</a>. <i>Civil Aviation Authority</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+Aviation+Authority&rft.atitle=GINFO+Search+Results+%5BG-BOCK%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicapps.caa.co.uk%2Fmodalapplication.aspx%3Fappid%3D1%26mode%3Ddetailnosummary%26fullregmark%3DBOCK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatwardisplayteam.com/the-team-aircraft.html">"The Team Aircraft"</a>. <i>Great War Display Team</i>. Great War Display Team<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+War+Display+Team&rft.atitle=The+Team+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatwardisplayteam.com%2Fthe-team-aircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruce_British_p568-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bruce_British_p568_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1957, p. 568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce_12-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruce_12_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 1965, p. 12.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bowers, Peter M. and Ernest R. McDowell. <i>Triplanes: A Pictorial History of the World's Triplanes and Multiplanes</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-614-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-614-2">0-87938-614-2</a>.</li> <li>Bruce, J.M. <i>British Aeroplanes 1914–18</i>. London:Putnam, 1957.</li> <li>Bruce, J. M. "Aircraft Profile No. 73: The Sopwith Triplane". <i>Profile Publications Ltd</i>, 1965.</li> <li>Bruce, J.M. <i>Sopwith Triplane (Windsock Datafile 22)</i>. Berkhamsted, Herts, UK: Albatros Productions, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948414-26-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-948414-26-X">0-948414-26-X</a>.</li> <li>Connors, John F. "Sopwith's Flying Staircase." <i>Wings</i>, Volume 5, No. 3, June 1975.</li> <li>Cooksley, Peter. <i>Sopwith Fighters in Action (Aircraft No. 110)</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-256-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-256-X">0-89747-256-X</a>.</li> <li>Davis, Mick. <i>Sopwith Aircraft</i>. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86126-217-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-86126-217-5">1-86126-217-5</a>.</li> <li>Franks, Norman. <i>Sopwith Triplane Aces of World War I (Aircraft of the Aces No. 62)</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-728-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-728-X">1-84176-728-X</a>.</li> <li>Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. <i>The Great Book of Fighters</i>. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3">0-7603-1194-3</a>.</li> <li>Hiscock, Melvyn. <i>Classic Aircraft of World War I (Osprey Classic Aircraft).</i> Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-407-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-407-5">1-85532-407-5</a>.</li> <li>Kennett, Lee. <i>The First Air War: 1914–1918</i>. New York: The Free Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-917301-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-917301-9">0-02-917301-9</a>.</li> <li>Lamberton, W.M., and E.F. Cheesman. <i>Fighter Aircraft of the 1914–1918 War</i>. Letchworth: Harleyford, 1960. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8168-6360-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8168-6360-1">0-8168-6360-1</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Francis K. <i>The British Fighter Since 1912</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-082-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-082-7">1-55750-082-7</a>.</li> <li>Robertson, Bruce. <i>Sopwith – The Man and His Aircraft</i>. London: Harleyford, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900435-15-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-900435-15-1">0-900435-15-1</a>.</li> <li>Thetford, Owen. <i>British Naval Aircraft Since 1912</i>. London: Putnam, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5">0-85177-861-5</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Triplane&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sopwith_Triplane" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sopwith Triplane">Sopwith Triplane</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation-history.com/sopwith/triplane.html"><i>The Sopwith Triplane – Great Britain</i></a>, Aviation history</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sopwith+Triplane+%E2%80%93+Great+Britain&rft.pub=Aviation+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviation-history.com%2Fsopwith%2Ftriplane.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASopwith+Triplane" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/SopwithTriplane.shtml">Canada Aviation Museum: Sopwith Triplane</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005528/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/SopwithTriplane.shtml">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1918/1918%20-%200365.html">"The Sopwith Triplane"</a> a 1918 <i>Flight</i> re-print of a German article on the Triplane originally published in <i>Deutsche Luftfahrer Zeitschrift</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Sopwith_Aviation_Company_aircraft" title="Template:Sopwith Aviation Company aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sopwith_Aviation_Company_aircraft" title="Template talk:Sopwith Aviation Company aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sopwith_Aviation_Company_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sopwith Aviation Company aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sopwith_aircraft82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Aviation_Company" title="Sopwith Aviation Company">Sopwith</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Buffalo" title="Sopwith Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bulldog" title="Sopwith Bulldog">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dolphin" title="Sopwith Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dragon" title="Sopwith Dragon">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Gunbus" title="Sopwith Gunbus">Gunbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Hippo" title="Sopwith Hippo">Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Hispano-Suiza_Triplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sopwith Hispano-Suiza Triplane (page does not exist)">Hispano-Suiza Triplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_L.R.T.Tr." title="Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.">L.R.T.Tr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Pup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snail" title="Sopwith Snail">Snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snapper" title="Sopwith Snapper">Snapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snark" title="Sopwith Snark">Snark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snipe" title="Sopwith Snipe">Snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Swallow" title="Sopwith Swallow">Swallow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Triplane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_B.1" title="Sopwith B.1">B.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Cobham" title="Sopwith Cobham">Cobham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Rhino" title="Sopwith Rhino">Rhino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torpedo bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Cuckoo" title="Sopwith Cuckoo">Cuckoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scouts/bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Baby" title="Sopwith Baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Sparrow" title="Sopwith Sparrow">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1%C2%BD_Strutter" title="Sopwith 1½ Strutter">1½ Strutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Tabloid" title="Sopwith Tabloid">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Two-Seat_Scout" title="Sopwith Two-Seat Scout">Two-Seat Scout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seaplanes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bat_Boat" title="Sopwith Bat Boat">Bat-Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1913_Circuit_of_Britain_floatplane" title="Sopwith 1913 Circuit of Britain floatplane"> Circuit of Britain floatplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Gunbus" title="Sopwith Gunbus">Sopwith Pusher Seaplane/S PG N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Admiralty_Type_137" title="Sopwith Admiralty Type 137">Admiralty Type 137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Admiralty_Type_137" title="Sopwith Admiralty Type 137">Admiralty Type 138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Admiralty_Type_C" title="Sopwith Admiralty Type C">Admiralty Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Special_torpedo_seaplane_Type_C" title="Sopwith Special torpedo seaplane Type C">Special torpedo seaplane Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Type_807" title="Sopwith Type 807">Type 807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Type_860" title="Sopwith Type 860">Type 860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Tabloid" title="Sopwith Tabloid">Schneider (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Baby" title="Sopwith Baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1919_Schneider_Cup_Seaplane" title="Sopwith 1919 Schneider Cup Seaplane">Schneider (1919)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Salamander" title="Sopwith Salamander">Salamander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports tourer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Gnu" title="Sopwith Gnu">Gnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By designation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_B.1" title="Sopwith B.1">B.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_B.1" title="Sopwith B.1">B.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Rhino" title="Sopwith Rhino">2B.2</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">2F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">4F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dolphin" title="Sopwith Dolphin">5F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snipe" title="Sopwith Snipe">7F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snail" title="Sopwith Snail">8F.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Hippo" title="Sopwith Hippo">3F.2 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Buffalo" title="Sopwith Buffalo">3F.2 (II)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bulldog" title="Sopwith Bulldog">FR.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bulldog" title="Sopwith Bulldog">2FR.2</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">FS.1</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Cuckoo" title="Sopwith Cuckoo">T.1</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">TF.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Salamander" title="Sopwith Salamander">TF.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Antelope" title="Sopwith Antelope">Antelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Atlantic" title="Sopwith Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Baby" title="Sopwith Baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bat_Boat" title="Sopwith Bat Boat">Bat-Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bee" title="Sopwith Bee">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Buffalo" title="Sopwith Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bulldog" title="Sopwith Bulldog">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1913_Circuit_of_Britain_floatplane" title="Sopwith 1913 Circuit of Britain floatplane">Circuit of Britain floatplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Cobham" title="Sopwith Cobham">Cobham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Cuckoo" title="Sopwith Cuckoo">Cuckoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dolphin" title="Sopwith Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dragon" title="Sopwith Dragon">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Gnu" title="Sopwith Gnu">Gnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Grasshopper" title="Sopwith Grasshopper">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Gunbus" title="Sopwith Gunbus">Gunbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Hippo" title="Sopwith Hippo">Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopwith_Hispano-Suiza_Triplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sopwith Hispano-Suiza Triplane (page does not exist)">Hispano-Suiza Triplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_L.R.T.Tr." title="Sopwith L.R.T.Tr.">L.R.T.Tr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Pup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1919_Schneider_Cup_Seaplane" title="Sopwith 1919 Schneider Cup Seaplane">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Rhino" title="Sopwith Rhino">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Salamander" title="Sopwith Salamander">Salamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Swallow" title="Sopwith Swallow">Scooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snail" title="Sopwith Snail">Snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snapper" title="Sopwith Snapper">Snapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snark" title="Sopwith Snark">Snark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Snipe" title="Sopwith Snipe">Snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Sparrow" title="Sopwith Sparrow">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Sociable" title="Sopwith Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Swallow" title="Sopwith Swallow">Swallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_1%C2%BD_Strutter" title="Sopwith 1½ Strutter">1½ Strutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Tabloid" title="Sopwith Tabloid">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Bee" title="Sopwith Bee">Tadpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Three-seater" title="Sopwith Three-seater">Three-seater</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Triplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Special_torpedo_seaplane_Type_C" title="Sopwith Special torpedo seaplane Type C">Special torpedo seaplane Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Wallaby" title="Sopwith Wallaby">Wallaby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Smith_(aircraft_designer)" title="Herbert Smith (aircraft designer)">Herbert Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sopwith" title="Thomas Sopwith">Thomas Sopwith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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