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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurangzeb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 82 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="أورنكزيب عالمكير – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورنكزيب عالمكير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_%C3%96vr%C9%99ngzib_(Al%C9%99mgir)" title="Sultan Övrəngzib (Aləmgir) – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sultan Övrəngzib (Aləmgir)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="اورنگ زیب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورنگ زیب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC" title="আওরঙ্গজেব – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আওরঙ্গজেব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аурангзеб – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аурангзеб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरंगजेब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="औरंगजेब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аурангзеб – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аурангзеб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangz%C3%A9b" title="Aurangzéb – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aurangzéb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Αουρανγκζέμπ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αουρανγκζέμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADrangzebo" title="Aŭrangzebo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭrangzebo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="اورنگ‌زیب – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورنگ‌زیب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%94%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AC" title="ઔરંગઝેબ – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઔરંગઝેબ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरंगजेब – konkani (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="औरंगजेब" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%EB%9E%91%EC%A0%9C%EB%B8%8C" title="아우랑제브 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아우랑제브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%A2" title="Աուրենգզեբ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աուրենգզեբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरंगज़ेब – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औरंगज़ेब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%96%D7%91" title="אורנגזב – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורנגזב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%94%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D" title="ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აურანგზები – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აურანგზები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80" title="I Әлемгір – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="I Әлемгір" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebs" title="Aurangzebs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aurangzebs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebas" title="Aurangzebas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aurangzebas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb_mogul_sah" title="Aurangzeb mogul sah – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aurangzeb mogul sah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरङ्गजेब – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="औरङ्गजेब" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%94%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="ഔറംഗസേബ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഔറംഗസേബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरंगजेब – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="औरंगजेब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="اورنكزيب عالم كير – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اورنكزيب عالم كير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%95" title="ꯑꯧꯔꯪꯒꯖꯦꯕ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯧꯔꯪꯒꯖꯦꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरङ्गजेब – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="औरङ्गजेब" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96" title="アウラングゼーブ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウラングゼーブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AC" title="ଆଉରଙ୍ଗଜେବ – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଉରଙ୍ଗଜେବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrangzeb" title="Avrangzeb – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avrangzeb" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC" title="ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="اورنگزیب عالم گیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اورنگزیب عالم گیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="اورنگزیب عالمگیر – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اورنگزیب عالمگیر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auranguezebe" title="Auranguezebe – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auranguezebe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аурангзеб – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аурангзеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="औरङ्गजेब – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="औरङ्गजेब" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="اورنگزيب عالمگير – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اورنگزيب عالمگير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="ئاورەنگزێب – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاورەنگزێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аурангзеб – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аурангзеб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%94%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="ஔரங்கசீப் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஔரங்கசீப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%94%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81" title="ఔరంగజేబు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఔరంగజేబు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9E" title="จักรพรรดิออรังเซพ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิออรังเซพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аврангзеб – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аврангзеб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrengzib" title="Evrengzib – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evrengzib" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Аурангзеб – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аурангзеб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="اورنگزیب عالمگیر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اورنگزیب عالمگیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aurangzeb" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%97%E5%88%99%E5%B8%83" title="奥朗则布 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥朗则布" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9C%97%E5%89%87%E5%B8%83" title="奧朗則布 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧朗則布" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%97%E5%88%99%E5%B8%83" title="奥朗则布 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥朗则布" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q485547#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Aurangzeb</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Aurangazeb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Aurangazeb.jpg/179px-Aurangazeb.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Aurangazeb.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Wielcy_Mogo%C5%82owie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wielcy Mogołowie">Władca Wielkich Mogołów</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a><br />do <a href="/wiki/3_marca" title="3 marca">3 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Szahd%C5%BCahan" title="Szahdżahan">Szahdżahan</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Szah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Szah I">Bahadur Szah I</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Dane biograficzne </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/3_listopada" title="3 listopada">3 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/3_marca" title="3 marca">3 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ojciec </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Szahd%C5%BCahan" title="Szahdżahan">Szahdżahan</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Matka </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82%C5%BConkowie" title="Małżonkowie">Żona</a> </th> <td> <p>Rabia Daurrani </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zst%C4%99pny" title="Zstępny">Dzieci</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Szah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Szah I">Bahadur Szah I</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Indie_1659-1707.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Indie_1659-1707.png/300px-Indie_1659-1707.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Indie_1659-1707.png/450px-Indie_1659-1707.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Indie_1659-1707.png/600px-Indie_1659-1707.png 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption>Imperium Mogołów za panowania Aurangzeba (1659-1707)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aurangzeb</b> (w <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_perski" title="Język perski">jęz. perskim</a>: اورنگ‌زیب, czyli: <i>Ozdoba tronu</i>), właściwie: <b>Abu Muzaffar Muhi ad-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/3_listopada" title="3 listopada">3 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/3_marca" title="3 marca">3 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>) – szósty władca <a href="/wiki/Wielcy_Mogo%C5%82owie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wielcy Mogołowie">Imperium Mogołów</a> w <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indiach</a> od 1658 do 1707. Rozszerzył granice imperium, jednak jego fanatyczne propagowanie <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamu</a> i prześladowanie innych religii przyczyniło się do osłabienia państwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Był trzecim synem <a href="/wiki/Szahd%C5%BCahan" title="Szahdżahan">Szahdżahana</a> (budowniczego <a href="/wiki/Tad%C5%BA_Mahal" title="Tadź Mahal">Tadź Mahal</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a>. W 1634 ojciec mianował go gubernatorem <a href="/wiki/Dekan_(wy%C5%BCyna)" title="Dekan (wyżyna)">Dekanu</a>. W 1637 Aurangzeb poślubił Rabię Daurrani. Po 1645 popadł w niełaskę i stracił stanowisko. W 1647 ojciec wysłał go do <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanu</a>, gdzie Aurangzeb wyróżnił się jako zdolny dowódca wojskowy i fanatyczny wyznawca islamu (przerywający nawet bitwę dla odmówienia modlitwy). Ponownie mianowany gubernatorem Dekanu w 1652, zaczął systematycznie burzyć świątynie <a href="/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm">hinduistyczne</a> w tej prowincji i prześladować nie-muzułmanów. </p><p>Choroba ojca spowodowała, że zaczął walczyć ze swoimi braćmi o władzę. Po wielu krwawych walkach, uwięzieniu ojca i zabiciu brata Dary, Aurangzeb koronował się w <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> w 1659. Nowy władca zerwał z raczej tolerancyjną polityką <a href="/wiki/Wielcy_Mogo%C5%82owie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wielcy Mogołowie">Mogołów</a> wobec w większości nie-muzułmańskiej ludności Indii. Starał się także wykorzenić nowatorskie prądy ideowe w islamie (takie jak <a href="/wiki/Sufizm" title="Sufizm">sufizm</a>) i narzucał ścisłe przestrzeganie skodyfikowanego prawa islamskiego (<a href="/wiki/Szariat" title="Szariat">szariatu</a>). Był pierwszym w historii władcą narzucającym szariat nie-muzułmańskiej ludności. Fanatyczne rozumienie islamu spowodowało, że zabronił nawet wykonywania muzyki, tańca i śpiewu oraz świętowania urodzin cesarza. Zakazał malowania słynnych mogolskich miniatur i nakazał zniszczenie nie tylko wizerunków żywych istot, ale nawet roślin. Nakazał burzenie świątyń innych wyznań, zamknięcie nie-islamskich szkół religijnych i zakazał praktykowania nie-islamskich religii pod <a href="/wiki/Kara_%C5%9Bmierci" title="Kara śmierci">karą śmierci</a>. Te działania oraz rygorystyczne pobieranie „podatku od niewiernych” (<i>dżizja</i>) spowodowały wybuch wielu buntów przeciwko niemu (m.in. rebelii w <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwarze</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewarze</a>). Aurangzeb nakazał torturowanie i zabicie Dziewiątego <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhizm" title="Sikhizm">Sikhów</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teg_Bahadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teg Bahadur (strona nie istnieje)">Teg Bahadura</a> za odmowę przyjęcia islamu. Ta zbrodnia spowodowała wybuch walk z Sikhami. Faworyzował przymusowe nawrócenia na islam, często za pomocą przekupstwa. </p><p>Z drugiej strony Aurangzeb rozpoczął intensywną i kosztowną militaryzację państwa, aby rozszerzyć władzę islamu na cały <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Indyjski" title="Półwysep Indyjski">Półwysep Indyjski</a>. Jednak jego fanatyzm powodował zaciekły opór ze strony hinduistycznych władców i chociaż wielokrotnie zwyciężał (zdobył Bidźapur i Golkondę), to ogromnym kosztem. Nierozstrzygnięte walki trwały ponad 20 lat, wyczerpując skarb państwa. </p><p>Zyskał kontrowersyjną sławę niszczyciela tysięcy świątyń (w tym wielkiej świątyni Narodzenia <a href="/wiki/Kryszna" title="Kryszna">Kryszny</a> w <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathurze</a> oraz wszystkich świątyń w <a href="/wiki/Waranasi" title="Waranasi">Waranasi</a>); często wznosił <a href="/wiki/Meczet" title="Meczet">meczety</a> na ich ruinach. Hindusi broniący świątyń byli masakrowani. Po śmierci Aurangzeba rządy objął jego najstarszy syn <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Szah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Szah I">Bahadur Szah I</a>, który wkrótce musiał stawić czoła siłom odśrodkowym uruchomionym polityką ojca. Po rychłej śmierci Bahadura (1712) imperium się rozpadło pod naporem wojowniczych <a href="/wiki/Marathowie" title="Marathowie">Marathów</a>, których Aurangzeb bezskutecznie próbował poskromić. </p><p>Historycy oceniają rządy Aurangzeba negatywnie jako początek końca potęgi Mogołów w Indiach. Skutki nietolerancji Aurangzeba są widoczne do dzisiaj w postaci ostrego konfliktu między indyjskimi wyznawcami islamu i hinduizmu, często dotyczącymi sporów o miejsca święte, zniszczone przez Aurangzeba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Essays on Islam and Indian History</i>, Richard M. Eaton. Reprint. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2002</li> <li><i>Pawi Tron: Dramat Indii Wielkich Mogołów</i>, Waldemar Hansen, przeł. Jerzy Schwakopf, wyd. PIW, Warszawa 1980, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/830600034X" title="Specjalna:Książki/830600034X">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-06-00034-X</span></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kieniewicz" title="Jan Kieniewicz">Jan Kieniewicz</a> <i>Historia Indii</i>, Wydawnictwo Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków – Gdańsk – Łódź, 1985, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8304018969" title="Specjalna:Książki/8304018969">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-04-01896-9</span></a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/modern/temple_aurangzeb.html">niszczenie świątyń hinduskich (w jęz. ang.)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindunet.org/alt_hindu/1995_Apr_2/msg00027.html">niszczenie świątyń hinduskich (w jęz. ang.)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 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.mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:W%C5%82adcy_Wielkich_Mogo%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Szablon:Władcy Wielkich Mogołów"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:W%C5%82adcy_Wielkich_Mogo%C5%82%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Władcy Wielkich Mogołów (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:W%C5%82adcy_Wielkich_Mogo%C5%82%C3%B3w&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Wielkich_Mogo%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Państwo Wielkich Mogołów">Władcy Wielkich Mogołów</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Zahir ad-Din Babur</a> (1526–1530)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humajun" title="Humajun">Nasir ad-Din Humajun</a> (1530–1540, 1555–1556)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Dżalal ad-Din Akbar</a> (Akbar Wielki) (1556–1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BCahangir" title="Dżahangir">Nur ad-Din Dżahangir</a> (1605–1627)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szahd%C5%BCahan" title="Szahdżahan">Ghijas ad-Din Szahdżahan</a> (1627–1658)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurangzeb Alamgir I</a> (1658–1707)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Szach_I" title="Bahadur Szach I">Bahadur Szah I (Szah Alam I)</a> (1707–1712)</li> <li>Dżahandar Szah (1712–1713)</li> <li>Furrukhsiyar (1713–1719)</li> <li>Rafi Ul-Darjat Szahdżahan II (1719)</li> <li>Rafi Ud-Daulat (1719)</li> <li>Nikusiyar (1719)</li> <li>Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)</li> <li>Muhammad Szah (1719–1748)</li> <li>Ahmad Szah Bahadur (1748–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a> (1754–1759)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szahd%C5%BCahan_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szahdżahan III (strona nie istnieje)">Szahdżahan III</a> (1759-1760)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szah_Alam_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szah Alam II (strona nie istnieje)">Szah Alam II</a> (1760–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Szah_II" title="Akbar Szah II">Akbar Szah II</a> (1806–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Szah_II" title="Bahadur Szah II">Bahadur Szah II</a> (Bahadur Szah Zafar) (1837–1857)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109510021">0000000109510021</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/6178410">6178410</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" class="extiw" title="en:Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500356884">500356884</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n50038449">n50038449</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118651161">118651161</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/nl038sw6138bdrm">nl038sw6138bdrm</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966088s">11966088s</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027667529">027667529</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/jo20181000597">jo20181000597</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p072507993">072507993</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14075518">DA14075518</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL108036A">OL108036A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810805957005606">9810805957005606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258078805171">987007258078805171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3872400.html">3872400</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aurangzeb">biography/Aurangzeb</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1840173">1840173</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/aurangzeb">aurangzeb</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/aurangzebas/">aurangzebas</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0006142.xml">0006142</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=4644">4644</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&oldid=74847564">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb&oldid=74847564</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1618" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1618">Urodzeni w 1618</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_1707" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 1707">Zmarli w 1707</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wielcy_Mogo%C5%82owie" title="Kategoria:Wielcy Mogołowie">Wielcy Mogołowie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9B%C4%87_P569_inna_ni%C5%BC_wpisana_lokalnie" title="Kategoria:Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie">Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brak_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9Bci_P119_wpisanej_lokalnie" title="Kategoria:Brak właściwości P119 wpisanej lokalnie">Brak właściwości P119 wpisanej lokalnie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> 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