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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">A collection of related stories featuring similar narrative elements</div> <p><b>Series fiction</b> refers to a group of independently published works of <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> that are related to one another, usually through similar elements of setting and <a href="/wiki/Fictional_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional character">characters</a>. A common example of series fiction is a <a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">book series</a>. Series fiction spans a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a>, and is particularly common in <a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">adventure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction)" title="Romance (prose fiction)">romance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>. While commonly associated with <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_and_young_adult_literature" title="Children's and young adult literature">children's and young adult literature</a>, series fiction has also been a significant feature of <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream fiction">mainstream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">genre fiction</a> for adults. Early examples include <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Leatherstocking_Tales" title="Leatherstocking Tales">Leatherstocking Tales</a></i> (1823) and <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine" title="La Comédie humaine">La Comédie humaine</a></i> (1829). </p><p>Typically authored by a single writer, some series are collaborative efforts driven by publishers, as seen in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hardy_Boys" title="The Hardy Boys">The Hardy Boys</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Valley_High" title="Sweet Valley High">Sweet Valley High</a></i>. Series fiction can be classified into progressive series, where characters grow and narratives are chronological, or successive series, which consist of self-contained stories that can be read in any order. The popularity of series fiction has grown with the commercialization of publishing, the rise of fan communities, and the expansion into multimedia franchises. Series fiction has been criticized for its formulaic plots and perceived lack of literary value, particularly in series aimed at younger and female audiences. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stories that share certain elements, like characters, have a long tradition. For example, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> reused the character of <a href="/wiki/John_Falstaff" title="John Falstaff">John Falstaff</a> in several of his plays.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">: 7 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Watson_(author)" title="Victor Watson (author)">Victor Watson</a> attributes the origin of series fiction to the United States. One of the earliest series fiction, and according to Watson the first American one, was the <i><a href="/wiki/Leatherstocking_Tales" title="Leatherstocking Tales">Leatherstocking Tales</a> series</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, which began in 1823 with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pioneers_(novel)" title="The Pioneers (novel)">The Pioneers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 537–538">: 537–538 </span></sup> Some of these first appeared in the form of <a href="/wiki/Dime_novel" title="Dime novel">dime novels</a>, and many were aimed at less demanding readers, including youths.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 881">: 881 </span></sup> Outside the United States, Watson names <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sidney" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Sidney">Margaret Sidney</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Little_Peppers" title="Five Little Peppers">Five Little Peppers</a></i> series (debuting in 1881 with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Little_Peppers_and_How_They_Grew_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Little Peppers and How They Grew (novel) (page does not exist)">Five Little Peppers and How They Grew</a></i>) the first in Australia and <a href="/wiki/E._Nesbit" title="E. Nesbit">E. Nesbit</a>'s <a href="/wiki/E._Nesbit#Bastable_series" title="E. Nesbit"><i>Bastable</i> series</a> (debuting in 1899 with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Treasure_Seekers" title="The Story of the Treasure Seekers">The Story of the Treasure Seekers</a></i>) the first in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 537–538">: 537–538 </span></sup> </p><p>In spite of E. Nesbit's work, Peggy Lin Duthie identified earlier examples of series fiction in Britain, such as Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Waverly_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Waverly Novels">Waverly Novels</a> (debuting in 1814 with <i><a href="/wiki/Waverley_(novel)" title="Waverley (novel)">Waverley</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Anthony Trollope</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Barsetshire" title="Chronicles of Barsetshire">Chronicles of Barsetshire</a></i> (debuting in 1855 with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Warden" title="The Warden">The Warden</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Oliphant" title="Margaret Oliphant">Margaret Oliphant</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chronicles_of_Carlingford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Chronicles of Carlingford (page does not exist)">The Chronicles of Carlingford</a></i> (debuting in 1861 with "The Executor," a short story, and a novel, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rector_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rector (novel) (page does not exist)">The Rector</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 881">: 881 </span></sup> Duthie also pointed out the French mainstream series of <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine" title="La Comédie humaine">La Comédie humaine</a></i>, that debuted in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 884">: 884 </span></sup> In India, <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Feluda" title="Feluda">Feluda</a> detective series begun in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 539">: 539 </span></sup> Referring to non-English language examples, Watson mentioned series begun by German <a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Emil_and_the_Detectives" title="Emil and the Detectives">Emil and the Detectives</a></i> (1929) and French <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berna" title="Paul Berna">Paul Berna</a> with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Hundred_Million_Francs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Hundred Million Francs (page does not exist)">A Hundred Million Francs</a></i> (1955).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 539">: 539 </span></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Interwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar">interwar</a> period, series fiction expanded from literature (novels) to other mediums, notably <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 539">: 539 </span></sup> During that time, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stratemeyer" title="Edward Stratemeyer">Edward Stratemeyer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Swift" title="Tom Swift">Tom Swift</a></i> series was extremely popular among young readers in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 881">: 881 </span></sup> The postwar period saw the emergence of a female protagonist in series fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 540">: 540 </span></sup> The use of female protagonists during this period is often criticized for being one-dimensional, with a focus solely on beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 882">: 882 </span></sup> The popularity of series fiction increased during the <a href="/wiki/Internet_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet era">internet era</a>, from the late 1990s onward.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 882">: 882 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Victor_Watson_(author)" title="Victor Watson (author)">Victor Watson</a> defined series fiction broadly as "a sequence of related stories about the same groups of characters, usually by the same author",<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> as well as "a series of narratives, published separately, often over a considerable period of time, mostly about the same characters, and usually written by one author". He notes that its key characteristics that distinguish it from other types of fiction is its "extended overall length and its composition in separate narratives".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 532">: 532 </span></sup> Watson although noted that there are notable exceptions to his definition. While the unifying feature for most series are characters, for some, that can be a concept, a place or an institution. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_School" title="Greyfriars School">Greyfriars School</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamilton_(writer)" title="Charles Hamilton (writer)">Charles Hamilton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chalet_School" title="Chalet School">Chalet School</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Brent-Dyer" title="Elinor Brent-Dyer">Elinor Brent-Dyer</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Green_Knowe" title="Green Knowe">Green Knowe</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Lucy_M._Boston" title="Lucy M. Boston">Lucy Boston</a> feature changing characters, and are connected through a particular place; while <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Fitch_Perkins" title="Lucy Fitch Perkins">Lucy Fitch Perkins</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twins_(series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twins (series) (page does not exist)">Twins</a></i> series had a theme of featuring twins, with characters, countries and historical periods varying between the installments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 534–535">: 534–535 </span></sup> Likewise, while many series are primarily written by a single author, there are some notable series written by various writers (such as the Twins series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hardy_Boys" title="The Hardy Boys">The Hardy Boys</a></i> series, the <i><a href="/wiki/Bobbsey_Twins" title="Bobbsey Twins">Bobbsey Twins</a></i> series, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Valley_High" title="Sweet Valley High">Sweet Valley High</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ark" title="Animal Ark">Animal Ark</a></i> series). Watson classifies them as "publisher's format series".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 535">: 535 </span></sup> </p><p>While series are common in <a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">genre fiction</a>, they have also been found in <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream fiction">mainstream fiction</a> (as early as with <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine" title="La Comédie humaine">La Comédie humaine</a></i> from 1829).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 884">: 884 </span></sup> Series fiction is often incorrectly pigeonholed into one primary <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a>, but in fact many series can have elements of different genres; those genres can also change over time as authors mature or experiment with different styles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 532, 535, 537">: 532, 535, 537 </span></sup> A long running series that was set in times contemporary to the readers can be seen as historical if the time in the series progresses very slowly, and it becomes long-running (ex. <a href="/wiki/Alison_Uttley" title="Alison Uttley">Alison Uttley</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Little_Grey_Rabbit" title="Little Grey Rabbit">Little Grey Rabbit</a> series begun in the 1920s and continued into the 1970s, with later books receiving explanatory notes about history).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 536">: 536 </span></sup> </p><p>Series are common in <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_and_youth_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's and youth literature">children's and youth literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 532">: 532 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 881">: 881 </span></sup> Common types of children's and youth series include <a href="/wiki/Adventure_story" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventure story">adventure story</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballet_story&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballet story (page does not exist)">ballet story</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camping_and_tramping_story&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camping and tramping story (page does not exist)">camping and tramping story</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_saga" title="Family saga">family saga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pony_story" class="mw-redirect" title="Pony story">pony story</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horse_story&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horse story (page does not exist)">horse story</a> and somewhat later, in the 20th century and growing in popularity, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> story, such as the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Potter series"><i>Harry Potter</i> series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 533–534, 538–540">: 533–534, 538–540 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 883–884">: 883–884 </span></sup> The latter genres are also common in series fiction for more mature audiences, which also often feature adventure (including <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a>), horror, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">detective fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">romance</a> (notably, the <a href="/wiki/Harlequin_Enterprises" title="Harlequin Enterprises">Harlequin novels</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 887–888, 891">: 887–888, 891 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brian_M._Stableford" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian M. Stableford">Brian M. Stableford</a> noted that series fiction is a result of <a href="/wiki/Commercialization" title="Commercialization">commercialization</a> and mass production of fiction, and its formularization to meet readers expectations; he writes that "powerful market forces pressure publishers and writers to follow up successful works with sequels". He also observes that series are often likely to suffer from the problem of "melodramatic inflation"; i.e. "the necessity of increasing the magnitude of threats that the hero is required to overcome". One of the solutions to the later is the creation of <a href="/wiki/Side_story" class="mw-redirect" title="Side story">sidestories</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spinoff_(media)" title="Spinoff (media)">spinoffs</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Prequel" title="Prequel">prequels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reasons for continuing the series have been described as the author's desire to "fill in narrative gaps" or to write "major ideological reappraisals".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 535–536">: 535–536 </span></sup> On the other hand, some writers have noted that continuing the series can be challenging for various reasons such as becoming burned out in the context of a particular setting or character.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 541">: 541 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 882">: 882 </span></sup> </p><p>Waiting for the next installment in a series is a part of the appeal of the series, used to boost their popularity through improving and managing recipients anticipations, with purposeful marketing, journalistic and fan speculation, and related methods.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 536">: 536 </span></sup> Consuming more than the first part of the series implies commitment; as noted by Watson: "There is often a chanciness in choosing to read a single novel [but] you cannot read a series of twelve novels by chance".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">Fan communities</a> are more likely to form around longer series, to which some readers are drawn to due to the existence of such larger communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup> Such communities, particularly in the Internet era, can also lead to increased interaction between readers and writers, influencing the course of the series in line with fan's wishes as expressed online.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 882">: 882 </span></sup> </p><p>Shortest series can be as short as a single <a href="/wiki/Trilogy" title="Trilogy">trilogy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 880, 886">: 880, 886 </span></sup> Larger series can number as many as several hundred installments, particularly in cases of <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">larger franchises</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shared_universe" title="Shared universe">shared universes</a>, such as, for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> science fiction series, or the <i><a href="/wiki/Longarm_(book_series)" title="Longarm (book series)">Longarm</a></i> westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 885, 888">: 885, 888 </span></sup> </p><p>Other terms related to series fiction, sometimes used as <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonyms</a>, include, among others, multi-part novels, sequences, and sagas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup> Also related are the concepts of shared universes, <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fan fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_(fiction)" title="Canon (fiction)">canon</a>, particularly common in <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a> series (science fiction, fantasy and horror).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 885">: 885 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reception of the series can wane over time, particularly in terms of critical reception; it is common for the first installment or installments to receive much critical reception, while the later ones, despite being still popular with the readers, and technically not inferior to the first parts, are often at best summarized or just listed in catalogues.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 537">: 537 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup> Critical reception of the series can be impacted by the stereotype that longer series are mass produced works of inferior quality;<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 2–3, 9">: 2–3, 9 </span></sup> this is in particular common, and sometimes justified, for authors that produce numerous installments a year, and where editing is of low-quality.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup> Series directed at young audiences, as well as series belonging to the romance-genre, usually tend to have the weakest reputation, due to the volume of production and expected formulaic plots.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 881">: 881 </span></sup> Series targeted at teenage girls have also been a target of criticism, due to their common focus on activities such as "frenzied shopping, gossiping, partying, and sexual encounters", and portrayal of beauty and wealth as most important and desirable qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 882–883">: 882–883 </span></sup> Series based on television and film franchises (<a href="/wiki/Tie-in" title="Tie-in">tie-ins</a>) also have a poor reputation among critics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 882">: 882 </span></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, even series that suffer from lack of critical acclaim and formulaic repetition can be long running, commercially successful and have a dedicated fanbase.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup> </p><p>Expected familiarity with the setting, character and author style has in fact been identified as part of the appeal of series fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 7–8, 205">: 7–8, 205 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_series">Types of series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series is sometimes differentiated from a work that is divided into smaller installments due to its size, but which forms part of a single story that begins in the first volume and concludes in the subsequent ones. Such works are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Trilogy" title="Trilogy">trilogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetralogy" title="Tetralogy">tetralogy</a>, etc. depending on the number of installments, and while literary scholars classify them as series fiction, they are not referred to as such by publishers. They can be compared to the concepts of "<a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">books published in installments</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup> similar to how some shorter works (usually later published as individual books) are published in a serialized format in magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A well known example of such a work is <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien’s</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (split into three volumes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tale2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tale2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proper series, on the other hand, features more strictly defined tales in each of its installments, and such installments can be more easily read without familiarity with previously published parts of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 880">: 880 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Victor_Watson_(author)" title="Victor Watson (author)">Victor Watson</a> distinguishes progressive and successive types of series, with the former being characterized by <a href="/wiki/Character_arc" title="Character arc">character growth</a>, with books intended to be read in order, usually chronological. The latter, on the other hand, show much less character growth and can usually be read in any order without significant impact on the reader's understanding of the story.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 532–533">: 532–533 </span></sup> Some series can change from progressive to successive, or vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 535–536">: 535–536 </span></sup> </p><p>Series fiction spans all types of media. Major types of series fiction include, among others: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic book series">Comic book series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_series" title="Film series">Film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio series">Radio series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Television series">Television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game series">Video game series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_series" title="Web series">Web series</a></li></ul> <p>However, the above typology does not distinguish between series fiction and <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a>. Non-fiction series also exist in various media.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 104">: 104 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Series can be divided by size as well: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trilogy" title="Trilogy">trilogy</a> is series composed of three parts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetralogy" title="Tetralogy">tetralogy</a> (four parts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentalogy" title="Pentalogy">pentalogy</a> (five parts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexalogy" title="Hexalogy">hexalogy</a> (six parts)</li> <li>heptalogy (seven parts)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expanded_universe" title="Expanded universe">Expanded universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_cycle" title="Literary cycle">Literary cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythos">Mythos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWatson2013" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Victor (2013-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9U6lxTwcvOcC&dq=%22reading+series+fiction%22&pg=PP1"><i>Reading Series Fiction: From Arthur Ransome to Gene Kemp</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58846-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58846-6"><bdi>978-1-134-58846-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Series+Fiction%3A+From+Arthur+Ransome+to+Gene+Kemp&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58846-6&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9U6lxTwcvOcC%26dq%3D%2522reading%2Bseries%2Bfiction%2522%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2004" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Victor (2004-08-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t1RsBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Literary+series%22+encyclopedia&pg=PA537">"Series fiction"</a>. 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London: Academia Press. p. 567. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789038213408" title="Special:BookSources/9789038213408"><bdi>9789038213408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serials+and+the+Nineteenth-Century+Publishing+Industry&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Nineteenth-Century+Journalism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=567&rft.pub=Academia+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789038213408&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVrUTUelE6YC%26pg%3DPA567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tale2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tale2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231904/http://www.tolkiensociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/LOTR-The-Tale-of-a-Text.pdf">"The Lord of the Rings: The Tale of a Text"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Society" title="The Tolkien Society">The Tolkien Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolkiensociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/LOTR-The-Tale-of-a-Text.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Tale+of+a+Text&rft.pub=The+Tolkien+Society&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolkiensociety.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F03%2FLOTR-The-Tale-of-a-Text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallett2003" class="citation book cs1">Mallett, Margaret (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xC0zDZly73kC&dq=%22non-fiction+series%22&pg=PA105"><i>Early Years Non-fiction: A Guide to Helping Young Researchers Use and Enjoy Information Texts</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25337-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25337-6"><bdi>978-0-415-25337-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Years+Non-fiction%3A+A+Guide+to+Helping+Young+Researchers+Use+and+Enjoy+Information+Texts&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25337-6&rft.aulast=Mallett&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxC0zDZly73kC%26dq%3D%2522non-fiction%2Bseries%2522%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbergRosenberg1973" class="citation report cs1">Rosenberg, Judith K.; Rosenberg, Kenyon C. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED082153">Young People's Literature in Series: Publishers' and Non-Fiction Series. An Annotated Bibliographical Guide</a> (Report). Libraries Unlimited, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Young+People%27s+Literature+in+Series%3A+Publishers%27+and+Non-Fiction+Series.+An+Annotated+Bibliographical+Guide&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited%2C+Inc&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Judith+K.&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Kenyon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feric.ed.gov%2F%3Fid%3DED082153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman1990" class="citation journal cs1">Grossman, Anita Susan (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/246217">"Series Fiction Then and Now"</a>. <i>Children's Literature</i>. <b>18</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">173–</span>183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fchl.0.0431">10.1353/chl.0.0431</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1543-3374">1543-3374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature&rft.atitle=Series+Fiction+Then+and+Now&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E183&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fchl.0.0431&rft.issn=1543-3374&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Anita+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F246217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeries+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&oldid=1277324010">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Series_fiction&oldid=1277324010</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literary_series" title="Category:Literary series">Literary series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serials_(publishing)" title="Category:Serials (publishing)">Serials (publishing)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Series" title="Category:Series">Series</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction" title="Category:Fiction">Fiction</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 February 2025, at 00:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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