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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pressure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulmonary artery</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B9_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%8A" title="جذع رئوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جذع رئوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fciy%C9%99r_k%C3%B6t%C3%BCy%C3%BC" title="Ağciyər kötüyü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağciyər kötüyü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87ne_arterije" title="Plućne arterije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plućne arterije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8ria_pulmonar" title="Artèria pulmonar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artèria pulmonar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plicn%C3%AD_tepna" title="Plicní tepna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plicní tepna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungepuls%C3%A5re" title="Lungepulsåre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lungepulsåre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungenarterie" title="Lungenarterie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lungenarterie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopsuarter" title="Kopsuarter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kopsuarter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tronco_pulmonar" title="Tronco pulmonar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tronco pulmonar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmarterio" title="Pulmarterio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pulmarterio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birika-arteria" title="Birika-arteria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Birika-arteria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="سرخرگ ریوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرخرگ ریوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8re_pulmonaire" title="Artère pulmonaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artère pulmonaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteria_pulmonar" title="Arteria pulmonar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arteria pulmonar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%A5" title="허파동맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허파동맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="फुफ्फुस धमनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फुफ्फुस धमनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87na_arterija" title="Plućna arterija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plućna arterija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteri_pulmonalis" title="Arteri pulmonalis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arteri pulmonalis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterie_polmonari" title="Arterie polmonari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arterie polmonari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="עורק הריאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עורק הריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پَلمونیری آرٹری – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَلمونیری آرٹری" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnbera_pi%C5%9Fikan" title="Xwînbera pişikan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xwînbera pişikan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriae_pulmonariae" title="Arteriae pulmonariae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arteriae pulmonariae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteri_paru-paru" title="Arteri paru-paru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arteri paru-paru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longslagader" title="Longslagader – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Longslagader" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88" title="肺動脈 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肺動脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungepuls%C3%A5re" title="Lungepulsåre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lungepulsåre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungepuls%C3%A5re" title="Lungepulsåre – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lungepulsåre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8ria_pulmonara" title="Artèria pulmonara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Artèria pulmonara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBpka_arteriyasi" title="Oʻpka arteriyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻpka arteriyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%99tnice_p%C5%82ucne" title="Tętnice płucne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tętnice płucne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A9ria_pulmonar" title="Artéria pulmonar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artéria pulmonar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arter%C4%83_pulmonar%C4%83" title="Arteră pulmonară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arteră pulmonară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лёгочная артерия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лёгочная артерия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pulmonary artery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%BE%C3%BAcna_tepna" title="Pľúcna tepna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pľúcna tepna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonalni_trunkus" title="Pulmonalni trunkus – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pulmonalni trunkus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Плућно артеријско стабло – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плућно артеријско стабло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C4%87no_arterijsko_stablo" title="Plućno arterijsko stablo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plućno arterijsko stablo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuhkovaltimorunko" title="Keuhkovaltimorunko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keuhkovaltimorunko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungart%C3%A4ren" title="Lungartären – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lungartären" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="หลอดเลือดแดงสู่ปอด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลอดเลือดแดงสู่ปอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmoner_arter" title="Pulmoner arter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pulmoner arter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Легенева артерія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легенева артерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئوی شریان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رئوی شریان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_m%E1%BA%A1ch_ph%E1%BB%95i" title="Động mạch phổi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động mạch phổi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:pink">Pulmonary artery</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/250px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/375px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/500px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="651" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. (Pulmonary artery labelled at upper right.)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Truncus_arteriosus" title="Truncus arteriosus">Truncus arteriosus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular system">Cardiovascular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Right_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Right ventricle">Right ventricle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>arteria pulmonalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D011651">D011651</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=4074">4074</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma66326">66326</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206280" class="extiw" title="d:Q206280">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>pulmonary artery</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">artery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">pulmonary circulation</a> that carries deoxygenated <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> from the right side of the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>. The largest pulmonary artery is the <i>main pulmonary artery</i> or <i>pulmonary trunk</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, and the smallest ones are the <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">arterioles</a>, which lead to the <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a> that surround the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus" title="Pulmonary alveolus">pulmonary alveoli</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pulmonary arteries are <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> that carry <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">systemic venous blood</a> from the right ventricle of the heart to the <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">microcirculation</a> of the lungs. Unlike in other organs where arteries supply oxygenated blood, the blood carried by the pulmonary arteries is deoxygenated, as it is venous blood returning to the heart. The main pulmonary arteries emerge from the right side of the heart and then split into smaller arteries that progressively divide and become <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">arterioles</a>, eventually narrowing into the capillary microcirculation of the lungs where gas exchange occurs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulmonary_trunk">Pulmonary trunk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pulmonary trunk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_CT_of_thorax,_annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/350px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/525px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/700px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume rendering</a> of a <a href="/wiki/High_resolution_computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="High resolution computed tomography">high resolution</a> <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a>. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the <a href="/wiki/Root_of_the_lung" title="Root of the lung">root of the lung</a> have been digitally removed to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation.</figcaption></figure> <p>In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the <b>pulmonary trunk</b> that leaves the fibrous pericardium (<a href="/wiki/Pericardium" title="Pericardium">parietal pericardium</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_outflow_tract" title="Ventricular outflow tract">ventricular outflow tract</a> of <a href="/wiki/Right_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Right ventricle">right ventricle</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Infundibulum_(heart)" title="Infundibulum (heart)">infundibulum or conus arteriosus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outflow track runs superiorly and to the left, posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve" title="Pulmonary valve">pulmonary valve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into right and left pulmonary arteries below the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_aorta" class="mw-redirect" title="Arch of aorta">arch of aorta</a> and in front of the left main bronchus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pulmonary trunk is short and wide – approximately 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in length<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2 centimetres (0.79 in)-3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pulmonary trunk splits into the <b>right</b> and the <b>left main pulmonary artery</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The left main pulmonary artery is shorter than the right,<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> passes behind and downwards the descending aorta and above the left main bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal <a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">descending aorta</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_arteriosum" title="Ligamentum arteriosum">ligamentum arteriosum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee_2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right pulmonary artery pass across the midline of the body, below the <a href="/wiki/Carina_of_trachea" title="Carina of trachea">carina of trachea</a>, and comes in front of the right main bronchus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches">Branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolus_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alveolus_diagram.svg/220px-Alveolus_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alveolus_diagram.svg/330px-Alveolus_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Alveolus_diagram.svg/440px-Alveolus_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>At the far end, pulmonary arteries (labelled at the bottom) become capillaries at the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus" title="Pulmonary alveolus">pulmonary alveoli</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The left main pulmonary artery then divides into two lobar arteries, one for each lobe of the left lung.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the right <a href="/wiki/Root_of_the_lung" title="Root of the lung">root of the lung</a>, it bifurcates into artery that supplies the right upper lobe of the lung, in front of the right upper lobe bronchus, and interlobar artery that supplies the right middle and inferior lobes of the lung, running together with bronchus intermedius.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The right and left main pulmonary (lungs) arteries give off branches that supplies the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Lung_lobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lung lobe">lung lobes</a>. In such cases it is termed <b>lobar arteries</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-virginia_2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginia_2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lobar arteries branch into <b>segmental arteries</b> (roughly 1 for each segment). Segmental arteries run together with segmental bronchi, at the posterolateral surfaces of the bronchi.<sup id="cite_ref-virginia_2013_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginia_2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These in turn branch into <b>subsegmental pulmonary arteries</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-virginia_2013_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginia_2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These eventually form <b>intralobular arteries</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pulmonary arteries supply the alveoli of the lungs. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Bronchial_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchial arteries">bronchial arteries</a>, that has different origins, supply the bronchi of the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pulmonary arteries originate from the <a href="/wiki/Truncus_arteriosus" title="Truncus arteriosus">truncus arteriosus</a> and the sixth <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_arch" title="Pharyngeal arch">pharyngeal arch</a>. The truncus arteriosus is a structure that forms during the <a href="/wiki/Heart_development" title="Heart development">development of the heart</a> as a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Conus_arteriosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Conus arteriosus">conus arteriosus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> </p><p>By the third week of <a href="/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Human embryogenesis">development</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Endocardial_tubes" title="Endocardial tubes">endocardial tubes</a> have developed a swelling in the part closest to the heart. The swelling is known as the <a href="/wiki/Bulbus_cordis" title="Bulbus cordis">bulbus cordis</a> and the upper part of this swelling develops into the <a href="/wiki/Truncus_arteriosus" title="Truncus arteriosus">truncus arteriosus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 159–160">: 159–160 </span></sup> The structure is ultimately mesodermal in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2009_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Heart_development" title="Heart development">development of the heart</a>, the heart tissues undergo folding, and the truncus arteriosus is exposed to what will eventually be both the left and right ventricles. As a <a href="/wiki/Septum" title="Septum">septum</a> develops between the two ventricles of the heart, two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus. These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a> and pulmonary arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_2009_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 176–179">: 176–179 </span></sup> Failure of these processes can lead to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery_agenesis" title="Pulmonary artery agenesis">pulmonary artery agenesis</a>. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">early development</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ductus_arteriosus" title="Ductus arteriosus">ductus arteriosus</a> connects the pulmonary trunk and the <a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">aortic arch</a>, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-Braunwald_1992_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braunwald_1992-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 791">: 791 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the <a href="/wiki/Right_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Right ventricle">right ventricle</a> to the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blood here passes through <a href="/wiki/Capillaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillaries">capillaries</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus" title="Pulmonary alveolus">alveoli</a> and becomes <a href="/wiki/Oxygenation_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygenation (medicine)">oxygenated</a> as part of the process of <a href="/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)" title="Respiration (physiology)">respiration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to the <i>pulmonary arteries</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Bronchial_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchial arteries">bronchial arteries</a> supply nutrition to the lungs themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-Braunwald_1992_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braunwald_1992-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 790">: 790 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pressure">Pressure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pressure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Pulmonary_artery_pressure"></span> The <b>pulmonary artery pressure</b> (<b>PA pressure</b>) is a measure of the <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> found in the main pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery_catheter" title="Pulmonary artery catheter">catheter</a> into the main pulmonary artery.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190–191">: 190–191 </span></sup> The mean pressure is typically 9–18 mmHg,<sup id="cite_ref-edwards_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_wedge_pressure" title="Pulmonary wedge pressure">wedge pressure</a> measured in the <a href="/wiki/Left_atrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Left atrium">left atrium</a> may be 6–12 mmHg. The wedge pressure may be elevated in <a href="/wiki/Left_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Left heart failure">left heart failure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190–191">: 190–191 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral valve stenosis">mitral valve stenosis</a>, and other conditions, such as <a href="/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease" title="Sickle cell disease">sickle cell disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18381543_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18381543-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states. <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension" title="Pulmonary hypertension">Pulmonary hypertension</a> is used to describe an increase in the pressure of the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25 mmHg.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 720">: 720 </span></sup> A pulmonary artery diameter of more than 29 mm (measured on a <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a>) is often used as an indicator for pulmonary hypertension.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chest X-rays, a diameter of more than 16 mm for the right descending pulmonary artery is also an indicator for pulmonary hypertension.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may occur as a result of heart problems such as <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>, lung or airway disease such as <a href="/wiki/COPD" class="mw-redirect" title="COPD">COPD</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scleroderma" title="Scleroderma">scleroderma</a>, or thromboembolic disease such as <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a> or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 720–721">: 720–721 </span></sup> Most recently, computational fluid based tools (non-invasive) have been proposed to be at par with the current clinical tests (invasive) of pulmonary hypertension.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a <a href="/wiki/Deep_venous_thrombosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep venous thrombosis">deep venous thrombosis</a>, especially after a period of immobility. A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONS2010_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONS2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 720–721">: 720–721 </span></sup> A large pulmonary embolus that becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a <i>saddle embolus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several animal models have been utilized for investigating pulmonary artery related pathologies. Porcine model of pulmonary artery is the most frequently used and it was recently found that their mechanical properties vary with every subsequent branching.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relations_of_the_aorta,_trachea,_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea, and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta, while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta."><img alt="Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea, and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta, while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png/120px-Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png/180px-Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png/240px-Relations_of_the_aorta%2C_trachea%2C_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="1645" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Image showing <i>main pulmonary artery</i> coursing ventrally to the <a href="/wiki/Aortic_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic root">aortic root</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrate trachea">trachea</a>, and the <i>right pulmonary artery</i> passes dorsally to the <a href="/wiki/Ascending_aorta" title="Ascending aorta">ascending aorta</a>, while the <i>left pulmonary artery</i> passes ventrally to the <a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">descending aorta</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pulmonary circuit"><img alt="Pulmonary circuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg/120px-Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg/180px-Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg/240px-Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pulmonary circuit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray503.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery."><img alt="Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/120px-Gray503.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/180px-Gray503.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/240px-Gray503.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide16444_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pulmonary artery"><img alt="Original image from Anatomist 90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Slide16444_%281%29.jpg/120px-Slide16444_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Slide16444_%281%29.jpg/180px-Slide16444_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Slide16444_%281%29.jpg/240px-Slide16444_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pulmonary artery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide44uru.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pulmonary artery.Deep dissection.Anterior view."><img alt="Pulmonary artery.Deep dissection.Anterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Slide44uru.JPG/120px-Slide44uru.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Slide44uru.JPG/180px-Slide44uru.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Slide44uru.JPG/240px-Slide44uru.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pulmonary artery.Deep dissection.Anterior view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CT scan of a normal lung, with different levels of pulmonary arteries."><img alt="CT scan of a normal lung, with different levels of pulmonary arteries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg/120px-Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg/180px-Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg/240px-Computed_tomograph_of_pulmonary_vessels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> of a normal lung, with different levels of pulmonary arteries.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronchial_anatomy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronchial anatomy"><img alt="Bronchial anatomy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bronchial_anatomy.jpg/120px-Bronchial_anatomy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bronchial_anatomy.jpg/180px-Bronchial_anatomy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bronchial_anatomy.jpg/240px-Bronchial_anatomy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronchial anatomy</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery_sling" title="Pulmonary artery sling">Pulmonary artery sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasmussen%27s_aneurysm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasmussen's aneurysm">Rasmussen's aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_vein" title="Pulmonary vein">Pulmonary vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">Pulmonary circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchial_artery" title="Bronchial artery">Bronchial artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchial_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchial vein">Bronchial vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_artery" title="Brachial artery">Brachial artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachial vein">Brachial vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronary artery">Coronary artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_sinus" title="Coronary sinus">Coronary sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_gastric_vein" title="Left gastric vein">Left gastric vein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronary_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronary vein">Coronary vein</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve" title="Pulmonary valve">Pulmonary valve</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ryan_2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2011_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRyan2011" 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Mechanics</i>. <b>61</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">285–</span>303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11340-020-00678-2">10.1007/s11340-020-00678-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8011683">8011683</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33814554">33814554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Ex+Vivo+Regional+Mechanical+Characterization+of+Porcine+Pulmonary+Arteries&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E285-%3C%2Fspan%3E303&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8011683%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33814554&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11340-020-00678-2&rft.aulast=Pillalamarri&rft.aufirst=NR&rft.au=Patnaik%2C+SS&rft.au=Piskin%2C+S&rft.au=Gueldner%2C+P&rft.au=Finol%2C+EA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8011683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulmonary+artery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonary_artery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l20/010106.htm">Anatomy photo:20:01-0106</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Heart: The <a href="/wiki/Pericardial_sac" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericardial sac">Pericardial sac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_vessels" title="Great vessels">Great vessels</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l20/070105.htm">Anatomy photo:20:07-0105</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Heart: Openings of Great Vessels into the Pericardial Sac"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l19/190506.htm">Anatomy figure: 19:05-06</a> at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "<a href="/wiki/Mediastinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediastinal">Mediastinal</a> surface of the <a href="/wiki/Right_lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Right lung">right lung</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l19/190602.htm">Anatomy figure: 19:06-02</a> at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Mediastinal surface of the <a href="/wiki/Left_lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Left lung">left lung</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/medlib/histology/p/13802loa.htm">Histology image: 13802loa</a> – Histology Learning System at Boston University</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_artery" title="Nutrient artery">Nutrient artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">Arteriole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metarteriole" title="Metarteriole">Metarteriole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_artery" title="Elastic artery">Elastic artery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">Capillaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Types <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capillary#Types" title="Capillary">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capillary#Types" title="Capillary">Fenestrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinusoid_(blood_vessel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinusoid (blood vessel)">Sinusoidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precapillary_sphincter" title="Precapillary sphincter">Precapillary sphincter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precapillary_resistance" title="Precapillary resistance">Precapillary resistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Veins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vena_comitans" title="Vena comitans">Vena comitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_vein" title="Superficial vein">Superficial vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_vein" title="Deep vein">Deep vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforator_vein" title="Perforator vein">Perforator vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emissary_veins" title="Emissary veins">Emissary veins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venous_plexus" title="Venous plexus">Venous plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venule" title="Venule">Venule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_vessel" title="Lymphatic vessel">Lymphatic vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymph_capillary" title="Lymph capillary">Lymph capillary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">Circulatory system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system#Systemic_circulation" title="Circulatory system">Systemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Heart#Left_heart" title="Heart">Left heart</a> → <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">Aorta</a> → <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arteries</a> → <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">Arterioles</a> → <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">Capillaries</a> → <a href="/wiki/Venule" title="Venule">Venules</a> → <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Veins</a> → <a href="/wiki/Venae_cavae" title="Venae cavae">Vena cava</a> → (<a href="/wiki/Heart#Right_heart" title="Heart">Right heart</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">Pulmonary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Heart#Right_heart" title="Heart">Right heart</a> → <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pulmonary arteries</a> → <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">Lungs</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_vein" title="Pulmonary vein">Pulmonary vein</a> → (<a href="/wiki/Heart#Left_heart" title="Heart">Left heart</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">Microanatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microvessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Microvessel">Microvessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcirculation" title="Microcirculation">Microcirculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_intima" title="Tunica intima">Tunica intima</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">Endothelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_elastic_lamina" title="Internal elastic lamina">Internal elastic lamina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_media" title="Tunica media">Tunica media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_externa" title="Tunica externa">Tunica externa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_vasorum" title="Vasa vasorum">Vasa vasorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_nervorum" title="Vasa nervorum">Vasa nervorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_nerves" title="Vascular nerves">Vascular nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rete_mirabile" title="Rete mirabile">Rete mirabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_anastomosis" title="Circulatory anastomosis">Circulatory anastomosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arteries_of_the_torso_and_chest76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Template:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Template talk:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arteries_of_the_torso_and_chest76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arteries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">chest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lungs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pulmonary artery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_pulmonary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Right pulmonary artery">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_pulmonary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Left pulmonary artery">Left</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_arteriosum" title="Ligamentum arteriosum">Ligamentum arteriosum</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heart</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_circulation" title="Coronary circulation">Coronary circulation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_coronary_artery" title="Right coronary artery">Right coronary</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_nodal_artery" title="Sinoatrial nodal artery">SA nodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_nodal_branch" title="Atrioventricular nodal branch">AV nodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_branches_of_coronary_arteries" title="Atrial branches of coronary arteries">Atrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_marginal_branch_of_right_coronary_artery" title="Right marginal branch of right coronary artery">Right marginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_descending_artery" title="Posterior descending artery">Posterior descending</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_coronary_artery" title="Left coronary artery">Left coronary</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_anterior_descending_artery" title="Left anterior descending artery">Left anterior descending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex_branch_of_left_coronary_artery" title="Circumflex branch of left coronary artery">Left circumflex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left_marginal_artery" title="Left marginal artery">Left marginal</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">Aorta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sections64" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_aorta" title="Ascending aorta">Ascending aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">Aortic arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">Descending aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_aorta" title="Thoracic aorta">Thoracic aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_aorta" title="Abdominal aorta">Abdominal aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_body" title="Aortic body">Aortic body</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">Aortic arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brachiocephalic_artery" title="Brachiocephalic artery">Brachiocephalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_ima_artery" title="Thyroid ima artery">Thyreoidea ima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">Right subclavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Right common carotid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Left<br />common carotid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_carotid_artery" title="External carotid artery">External carotid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_carotid_artery" title="Internal carotid artery">Internal carotid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_body" title="Carotid body">Carotid body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_sinus" title="Carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Carotid bifurcation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">Left<br />subclavian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internal_thoracic_artery" title="Internal thoracic artery">Internal thoracic</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anterior_intercostal_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery">Anterior intercostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" title="Thymic branches of internal thoracic artery">Thymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericardiacophrenic_artery" title="Pericardiacophrenic artery">Pericardiacophrenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforating_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" title="Perforating branches of internal thoracic artery">Perforating branches</a></li> <li><i>terminal</i> (<a href="/wiki/Musculophrenic_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculophrenic artery">Musculophrenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_epigastric_artery" title="Superior epigastric artery">superior epigastric</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Costocervical_trunk" title="Costocervical trunk">Costocervical trunk</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Highest_intercostal_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest intercostal artery">Highest intercostal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_intercostal_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior intercostal arteries">Posterior intercostal 1–2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_cervical_artery" title="Deep cervical artery">Deep cervical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">Descending<br />aorta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>visceral:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bronchial_artery" title="Bronchial artery">Bronchial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_branches_of_thoracic_part_of_aorta" title="Esophageal branches of thoracic part of aorta">Esophageal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediastinal_branches_of_thoracic_part_of_aorta" title="Mediastinal branches of thoracic part of aorta">Mediastinal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>parietal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Posterior_intercostal_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior intercostal arteries">Posterior intercostal 3–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostal_arteries" title="Subcostal arteries">Subcostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_phrenic_arteries" title="Superior phrenic arteries">Superior phrenic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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