CINXE.COM

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and Inflammation Research</h1> <p>Although separate conditions, pain and inflammation are nearly always associated with each other. Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage'. Inflammation is the tissue's immunologic response to injury, characterized by mobilization of white blood cells and antibodies, swelling, and fluid accumulation.</p> <div class="tabbed_content"> <div class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="products" id="pharm_tabs_products"> <span>Research Areas</span></div> <div class="tab tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="literature" id="pharm_tabs_literature"><span>Literature (1)</span> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1"> <div class="pharm_sub_cats"><h3>Inflammatory Disease Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/research-area/arthritis-research" title="Browse products for Arthritis Research">Arthritis Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/asthma-research" title="Browse products for Asthma Research">Asthma Research</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/atherosclerosis-and-hyperlipidemia-research" title="Browse products for Atherosclerosis & Hyperlipidemia Research">Atherosclerosis & Hyperlipidemia Research</a></li></ul><h3>Pain and Inflammation Research Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/pharmacology/acetylcholine-nicotinic-receptors" title="Browse products for Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors">Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/bradykinin-receptors" title="Browse products for Bradykinin Receptors">Bradykinin Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/cannabinoid-receptors" title="Browse products for Cannabinoid Receptors">Cannabinoid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/cholecystokinin-receptors" title="Browse products for Cholecystokinin Receptors">Cholecystokinin Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/cyclooxygenases" title="Browse products for Cyclooxygenases">Cyclooxygenases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/cytokine-receptors" title="Browse products for Cytokine Receptors">Cytokine Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/gabaa-and-gabaa-rho-receptors" title="Browse products for GABAA and GABAA-ρ Receptors">GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>A</sub>-ρ Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/gabab-receptors" title="Browse products for GABAB Receptors">GABA<sub>B</sub> Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/glucocorticoid-receptors" title="Browse products for Glucocorticoid Receptors">Glucocorticoid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/glutamate-ionotropic-receptors" title="Browse products for Glutamate (Ionotropic) Receptors">Glutamate (Ionotropic) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/glutamate-metabotropic-receptors" title="Browse products for Glutamate (Metabotropic) Receptors">Glutamate (Metabotropic) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase" title="Browse products for Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase">Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/irak" title="Browse products for IRAK">IRAK</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/leukotriene-and-related-receptors" title="Browse products for Leukotriene and Related Receptors">Leukotriene and Related Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/lipoxygenases" title="Browse products for Lipoxygenases">Lipoxygenases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/mas-related-g-protein-coupled-receptors" title="Browse products for Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors">Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/cell-biology/necroptosis" title="Browse products for Necroptosis">Necroptosis</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/nf-kappab-and-i-kappab" title="Browse products for NF-κB and IκB">NF-κB and IκB</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/nitric-oxide-signaling" title="Browse products for Nitric Oxide Signaling">Nitric Oxide Signaling</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/opioid-receptors" title="Browse products for Opioid Receptors">Opioid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/piezo-channels" title="Browse products for Piezo Channels">Piezo Channels</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/prostanoid-receptors" title="Browse products for Prostanoid Receptors">Prostanoid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/purinergic-p2x-receptors" title="Browse products for Purinergic (P2X) Receptors">Purinergic (P2X) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/rage" title="Browse products for RAGE">RAGE</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/rip-kinases" title="Browse products for Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases">Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/tachykinin-receptors" title="Browse products for Tachykinin Receptors">Tachykinin Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/trpv" title="Browse products for TRPV Channels">TRPV Channels</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/two-p-potassium-channels" title="Browse products for Two-P Potassium Channels">Two-P Potassium Channels</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/voltage-gated-calcium-channels" title="Browse products for Voltage-gated Calcium Channels (CaV)">Voltage-gated Calcium Channels (Ca<sub>V</sub>)</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/voltage-gated-potassium-kv-channels" title="Browse products for Voltage-gated Potassium (KV) Channels">Voltage-gated Potassium (K<sub>V</sub>) Channels</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/voltage-gated-sodium-channels" title="Browse products for Voltage-gated Sodium (NaV) Channels">Voltage-gated Sodium (Na<sub>V</sub>) Channels</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_long_desc"><p>There are two basic types of pain: chronic and acute. Acute pain often results from disease, inflammation, or injury to tissues. This type of pain is generally self-limiting; it is confined to a given period of time and severity. In some rare instances, it can become chronic. Chronic pain is widely believed to represent a disease itself. Like pain, inflammation can be both acute and chronic.</p> <p>Pain of any type is the most frequent reason for physician consultation in the United States, prompting half of all Americans to seek medical care annually. Despite the prevalence of these conditions, the primary options available for their treatment have changed surprisingly little in recent years. Steroids, NSAIDs and opiates are still the mainstay treatments although all have their drawbacks. The search for new analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents is currently the subject of intense drug company interest.</p> <h5>Inflammation in Disease</h5> <p>Chronic persistent inflammation is the cause of many diseases including <a href='/research-area/alzheimers-disease-research' title= 'Browse products for Alzheimer's disease'>Alzheimer's</a>, arthritis, asthma, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and <a href='/research-area/multiple-sclerosis' title= 'Browse products for Multiple Sclerosis'>multiple sclerosis</a>. There are 5 main symptoms of inflammation that are characterized by the Latin words <em>dolor</em> (pain), <em>rubor</em> (redness), <em>tumor</em> (swelling), <em>calor</em> (heat) and <em>functio laesa</em> (loss of function).</p> <p>Inflammatory diseases are often associated with perturbations to the immune system and an automatic immune response with some exceptions including atherosclerosis.</p> <p>To assist research in this area, Bio-Techne offers a wide range of <a href='https://www.bio-techne.com/methods/immunoassays' title='Find out more about immunoassays at bio-techne.com' target='_blank'>immunoassays</a> for profiling changes in immune system activity and inflammatory biomarker levels.</p></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_2" data-tab="2"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_3" data-tab="3"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4"> <h3>Literature for Pain and Inflammation Research</h3><p>Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Pain and Inflammation Research to showcase our products. We invite you to request* or download your copy today!</p><p class="small">*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.</p><hr/><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234515.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Histamine Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234515' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Histamine Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234515' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Histamine Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234515.jpg?v=2" alt="Histamine Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Histamine Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Iwan de Esch and Rob Leurs, this review provides a synopsis of the different histamine receptor subtypes and the ligands that act upon them; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234515" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234515" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_5" data-tab="5"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_6" data-tab="6"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3"> <div class="resources_sidebar_container"> <div class="fp_four_box"> <div class="fp_box_wrapper"><h3>Featured New Products</h3> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="/products/vu-0542270_8151">8151 | VU 0542270</a><br /> Selective inhibitor of K<sub>ir</sub>6.1 K<sub>ATP</sub> channels</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="/products/rna-imaging-probe-1c_8813">8813 | RNA Imaging Probe 1c</a><br /> Fluorogenic RNA imaging probe</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="/products/lsn-3318839_7959">7959 | LSN 3318839</a><br /> Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor <br />(GLP1-R) positive allosteric modulator</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="/products/chir-99021-in-solution_8170">8170 | CHIR 99021 in solution</a><br /> Sterile-filtered 10 mM solution of CHIR 99021 pre-dissolved in DMSO</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="/products/bi-3231_8039">8039 | BI 3231</a><br /> Potent and selective hydroxysteroid 17尾 dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) inhibitor</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="distributor_region"></div> <div 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