CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[]},session_replay:{sampling_rate:10.0,mask_text_selector:"*",block_selector:"",mask_input_options:{},mask_all_inputs:true,enabled:true,error_sampling_rate:100.0},session_trace:{sampling_rate:10.0,mode:"PROBABILISTIC",enabled:true,error_sampling_rate:100.0}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UA8FUVBADwsIV1VaAgMP",licenseKey:"76fb58fb05",applicationID:"788348528"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-full-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function d(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>p,xN:()=>g});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",u=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,u());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},d={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},u={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,d),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(u[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(u[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=u[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>f,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>l,m:()=>c,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>d});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function d(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function u(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)g(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function g(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),d=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},u={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(d.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=p(e),u=c.length,l=0;l<u;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var g=v()[s[e]];g&&g.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:p,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function g(e,t){n[e]=p(e).concat(t)}function p(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u=(0,n.Zm)();u.ee||(u.ee=d)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>d});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function d(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>d,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},d={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>u,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>d,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function d(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,d="addEventListener",u="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[d,u],"-",g)}function g(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,d);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],d=e[c];u(d)||(e[c]=r(d,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return u(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){d([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,u,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],u="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){d([t,"",[o,a,s],u],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],u,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],u,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],u,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){d([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function d(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function u(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>d});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>u,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>d,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},d={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},u=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>d,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function d(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>d,Rz:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,d="fn"+s,u="pushState",l=1e3},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),d=r(5289),u=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),g=r(6344);const p=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",g.G4.RECORD,g.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),R=r(3785),x=r(2646),w=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,w.YM)(i),a=new x.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();p.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const N=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function P(e,t={},p,x){let{init:w,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=p;const H=(0,h.pV)();P||(w=H.init,P=H.info,j=H.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,w||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},u.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const D=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),L=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];I||(D.proxy.assets&&(N(D.proxy.assets),L.push(D.proxy.assets)),D.proxy.beacon&&L.push(D.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===D.soft_navigations.enabled&&D.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...D.ajax.deny_list||[],...D.ajax.block_internal?L:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const p={};var x=s.ee.get(e),w=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(g.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function _(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}p.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.R)(x,e,t,r)},p.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),T(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{p[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),p.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),p.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},p.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return _(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},p.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},p.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return _("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},p.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},p[g.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p[g.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(g.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},p.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const N=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(w.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw w.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{w.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(891).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{N[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),p.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),p.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},u.RI?(0,d.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),p}(e.agentIdentifier,x,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({95:"nr-full-compressor",222:"nr-full-recorder",891:"nr-full"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={891:"sha512-Sx2xJQrHp2m/Ngn/ZcfBCUwNr2Xy/C5urYtWpfm3bWpil4spXOQGTtNwIfF5HvPGioGASn9QTyE4Z+zC7r7wcg==",222:"sha512-hMte3OWgwwYeisSiD7WCIx/6tT16zLaPjag9uF4tIZp7ybOvrJKbeyzhe4fz1tDbkdcdOMm8dvgPPLBatSAGeA==",95:"sha512-MPaT9dkHv16XzwEUVZPyqpN1do/Er1XFAZoIAPYWylmv+iGIThqN+GwQq27pUyAX7sNXVJQVZezH96p53Ks3Pg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={959:0,85:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,d=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);d<a.length;d++)o=a[d],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function d(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var u=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),g=i(6154),p=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class R extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var x=i(384);var w=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class _ extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),g.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,w.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,w.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class N extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return D(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(D(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function H(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return D(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function D(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class L extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),g.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),g.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[H(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var K=i(8990);let M=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g.gm?0:(0,K.I)(e,U,(function(){return M++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=g.gm.MutationObserver,s=g.gm.Promise,c=g.gm.setInterval,d="readystatechange",u=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(d,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,u,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(p?p.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var p=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",Q=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],J=g.gm.Request,ee=g.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(J&&ee&&g.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,Q.forEach((e=>{r(J[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(g.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),d={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(d.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),d.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(d.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),d}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof g.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),de=["load","error","abort","timeout"],ue=de.length,le=(0,x.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,x.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,w.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};g.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};ge(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),g.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},ge(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<ue;s++)r.addEventListener(de[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function d(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function u(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function p(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&g.RI&&(t=""+g.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:g.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),ge(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function R(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function x(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<ue;t++)e.removeEventListener(de[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,w.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",d),t.on("xhr-load-added",u),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",p),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",R)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function ge(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const pe={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.RI||pe[t.debugId]++||(pe[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:Re,d3:xe,Kp:we,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class _e extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,w.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+we,(function(e){(0,w.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,w.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:Re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class Ne extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,w.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#d=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#d){this.#d=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(891),i.e(222)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3333);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ie.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];g.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(Ie.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),Ie.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var je=i(993),Ce=i(3785);class ke extends b{static featureName=je.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,je.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,Ce.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),g.gm?(this.features={},(0,x.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,u.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=d(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,x.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,_,_e,Ne,he,N,L,Pe,ke],loaderType:"pro"})})()})();</script> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.tocris.com/resources/webinars-and-videos" /> <title>Webinars & Videos | Tocris Bioscience</title> <meta name="description" content="A selection of informative webinars &amp; videos presented to you by Bio-Techne and Tocris Bioscience." /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-us" /> <link href="https://www.tocris.com/resources/webinars-and-videos" rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" /> <link href="https://www.tocris.com/resources/webinars-and-videos" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" /> <link href="https://www.tocris.com/cn/resources/webinars-and-videos" rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-cn" /> <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="bMqlqGgPRi" /> <script id="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.tocris.com/","name":"Home"}},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Thing","@id":"https://www.tocris.com/resources","name":"Resources"}}]},"potentialaction":{"query":""}}]</script> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.tocris.com/resources/webinars-and-videos" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Tocris Bioscience" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.tocris.com/resources/webinars-and-videos" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Webinars and Videos" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://resources.tocris.com/images/Social/2019TocrisLogoV.png" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_gbdeDwx2KR-3alrXD8Yvh_KvMl7rp9fb8nDnlYMc6JE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_ZFPWfTE8WRD_QuXXZ4pXmOP_txiYrSgb2U-wb-M98WU.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_E9wOyVBBPLIeq4Al4boCEX0keoOVPHA0RDiCFZgx0Co.css" media="screen" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_eTEze5CVY-FBlnpOcPnT07LL13ldh28hUqX2hi45QiA.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_6jOYgsZHeTGcZnzRd932HS-7KHQnNBP4ZcDilQA4Eok.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://resources.tocris.com/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/css/css_oPXAh5zWUMbTd4lSRWCKMwfGfcGDoiwO8Swk6V4T2Qk.css" media="all" />   <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_r1OC5xdRG2cR3ewVbCVMpsuSArUnbrxRo0KqbAuY3rM.js"></script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_sAnmYfqPupk2sidWg7joDvbNo107Utmqwl2alpBSG2s.js"></script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_Xi06SsSjWo0pijMgsuSP6P2_H0FGlD8xDsWHnzuXEpY.js"></script> <script src="https://resources.tocris.com/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_Mxv9UFtbr0o94bNhP1D7EsLV0jAny0TnE-BPcXcny98.js"></script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_ojzY3Whj1T1Bp-Vi3jCHuqNg4ZMH1P-OkAjG3CotIXw.js"></script> <script>var dataLayer = dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({"email": ""});</script> <script>var dataLayer = dataLayer || [] dataLayer.push({"event":"userRole","userRole":"anonymous user"});</script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_qSLK6sec_HD6cn6dBmvEEuS61rTnxTCFXPJd_HS0nvI.js"></script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js__JuFmti1OZYyBBidIUJvoDOZg81ze1_8XkKpzZ5SPsY.js"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"Tocris_2017","theme_token":"I3iHrItT1kgZ0kaD88FFsqCv0on3uhthdmXKYDpbAec","jquery_version":"2.2","js":{"0":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"public:\/\/google_tag\/language\/google_tag.en.script.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/2.2\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_cookie.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jQuery_cycle2.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/ekko-lightbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/et-ekko-lightbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_hoverintent.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jquery_lazyload.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.position.min.js":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.position-1.13.0-backport.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.menu.min.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_searchbar\/js\/searchbar_autocomplete.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/external\/jquery.cookie.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery.form\/4\/jquery.form.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_quickorder_responsive\/js\/et_quickorder_responsive.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.effect.min.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.effect-highlight.min.js":1,"misc\/ajax.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/modules\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_update.js":1,"https:\/\/resources.tocris.com\/bootstrap\/bootstrap.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/fields\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_internationalization\/js\/et_internationalization.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/js\/jQuery_et.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_top_scroll\/js\/top_scroll.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/js\/globallink_active_submissions.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/js\/globallink_send_translations.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/js\/globallink_field_configuration.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/globallink_entity\/js\/globallink_entity_active_submissions.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/globallink_entity\/js\/globallink_entity_send.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/globallink_menu\/js\/globallink_menu_active_submissions.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/globallink_taxonomy\/js\/globallink_taxonomy_active_submissions.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/marketo_ma\/js\/marketo_ma.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_cookie_policy\/js\/et_cookie_policy.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_search\/json_viewer\/js\/jsonviewer.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_searchbar\/js\/et_searchbar.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/_progress.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/et_commerce\/et_atc_blocks\/js\/et_atc_blocks.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/et_commerce\/et_atc_blocks\/js\/et_atc_cart_summary.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_combined_seo\/js\/et_combined_seo.js":1,"1":1,"2":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/themes\/Tocris_2017\/js\/tocris.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/themes\/Tocris_2017\/js\/et_mobile_theme.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/themes\/Tocris_2017\/js\/tocris_menu.js":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/themes\/Tocris_2017\/js\/distributors.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/misc\/ajax.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_javafunctions\/css\/ekko-lightbox.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.menu.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.autocomplete.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_quickorder_responsive\/css\/et_quickorder_responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_internationalization\/css\/et_internationalization.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_product_page_promo\/css\/et_product_page_promo.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/enterprise-tech\/et_top_scroll\/css\/top_scroll.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/globallink\/css\/globallink_active_submissions.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/userInterface\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"https:\/\/resources.rndsystems.com\/bootstrap\/drupal-bootstrap.min.css":1,"https:\/\/resources.tocris.com\/bootstrap\/bootstrap.min.css":1,"sites\/tocris.com\/themes\/Tocris_2017\/css\/style.css":1}},"country_name":"United States","et_internationalization":{"social":"Default","distphone":""},"et_searchbar":{"min_chars":3},"et_quickorder_responsive":{"enabled":true,"show_cart":"1","display_price":"0","isDistributor":false},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":0,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":0,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/favicon.ico"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Tocris Bioscience"> <meta name="application-name" content="Tocris Bioscience"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/sites/tocris.com/themes/Tocris_2017/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-resources page-resources-webinars-and-videos i18n-en" base-theme="Tocris_2017">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52P87LJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="region region-page-top"> <noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52P87LJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> </div> <header id="header" role="banner">   <div id="bb_container"> <div id="brands_bar"> <div class="region region-brands-bar"> <section id="block-bt-brands-bar-bt-brands-bar" class="block block-bt-brands-bar clearfix"> <li class="bb_biotechne"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Bio-Techne"></a></li><li class="bb_rndsystems"><a href="https://www.rndsystems.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="R&D Systems"></a></li><li class="bb_novusbio"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Novus Biologicals"></a></li><li class="bb_tocris active"><a href="https://www.tocris.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self" aria-label="Tocris Bioscience"></a></li><li class="bb_proteinsimple"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ProteinSimple"></a></li><li class="bb_biospacific"><a href="https://www.biospacific.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="BiosPacific"></a></li><li class="bb_cliniqa"><a href="https://www.cliniqa.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="Cliniqa"></a></li><li class="bb_acd"><a href="https://acdbio.com/ " rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="ACD"></a></li><li class="bb_rndheme"><a href="https://www.rndheme.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="R&D Heme"></a></li> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hd_container"> <div id="logo_block"> <section id="block-logo-block-logo" class="block block-logo-block clearfix"> <a href="/" title="Tocris.com" class="active"></a> </section> </div> <div id="search_bar"> <div class="region region-search-bar"> <section id="block-et-searchbar-et-searchbar-bar" class="block block-et-searchbar clearfix"> <form name="et_searchbar" method="GET" action="/search" class="search_form"><div class="et_searchbar"> <input autocomplete="off" name="keywords" type="text" class="et_searchbar_wide et_searchbar_default" value="" placeholder="Search Cat. No., Product or Target" data-default="" /><input type="submit" value="" class="fp_mag_glass_wideSearch"></div></form> </section> </div> </div> <div id="cart_menu_mobile" class="atc_cart_summary_icon"></div> <div id="account_menu_mobile"></div> <div id="account_menu"> <div class="region region-account-menu"> <section id="block-et-internationalization-country-dropdown" class="block block-et-internationalization clearfix"> <div id="internationalization_country_select"> <div class="internationalization_drop"></div> </div> </section> <section id="block-et-internationalization-sign-in" class="block block-et-internationalization clearfix"> <div id="sign_in"><a href="/user/login" rel="nofollow"><noscript>Account</noscript></a></div> </section> <section id="block-et-atc-blocks-et-atc-cart-summary" class="block block-et-atc-blocks clearfix"> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="first last leaf active"><a href="/cart" class="active atc_cart_summary_icon"><span class="atc_blocks_items_in_cart">0</span> Items</a></li> </ul> </section> <section id="block-et-cookie-policy-cookie-policy" class="block block-et-cookie-policy clearfix"> <div></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mm_container"> <div id="main_menu_mobile"></div> <nav id="main_menu"> <div class="region region-main-menu"> <section id="block-system-main-menu" class="block block-system block-menu clearfix"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first expanded dropdown"><a href="/products" id="main-menu-577" data-target="#">Products <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first expanded dropdown"><a href="/pharmacology" id="main-menu-3526" data-target="#">Pharmacology <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/7-tm-receptors" id="main-menu-3966">GPCRs / 7-TM Receptors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/enzyme-linked-receptors" id="main-menu-4221">Enzyme-Linked Receptors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/enzymes" id="main-menu-4231">Enzymes</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/ion-channels" id="main-menu-4211">Ion Channels</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/nuclear-receptors" id="main-menu-4216">Nuclear Receptors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/transporters" id="main-menu-4226">Transporters</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/other-pharmacology" id="main-menu-4236">Other Pharmacology</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/pharmacology/all-targets/0-9" id="main-menu-6456">All Targets</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/cell-biology" id="main-menu-3971" data-target="#">Cell Biology <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/angiogenesis" id="main-menu-4241">Angiogenesis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/cell-cycle" id="main-menu-4246">Cell Cycle</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/cell-metabolism" id="main-menu-4251">Cell Metabolism</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/cytoskeleton-and-motor-proteins" id="main-menu-4256">Cytoskeleton & Motor Proteins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/extracellular-matrix-and-adhesion-molecules" id="main-menu-4261">ECM & Adhesion Molecules</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/epigenetics" id="main-menu-4266">Epigenetics</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/regulated-cell-death" id="main-menu-3981">Regulated Cell Death</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/signal-transduction" id="main-menu-4271">Signal Transduction</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/cell-biology/stem-cells" id="main-menu-4276">Stem Cells</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/product-type" id="main-menu-3986" data-target="#">Product Type <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/product-type/all-products" id="main-menu-3991">All Products</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/small-molecules" id="main-menu-4281">Small Molecules</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/peptides" id="main-menu-4286">Peptides</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/chemogenetics" id="main-menu-4311">Chemogenetics </a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/controlled-substances" id="main-menu-4291">Controlled Substances</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/tocriscreen-compound-libraries" id="main-menu-4366">Compound Libraries</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/fluorescence-imaging" id="main-menu-4321">Fluorescence Imaging</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/gmp-ancillary-material-grade-small-molecules" id="main-menu-14146">GMP & Ancillary Material Grade Small Molecules</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/optopharmacology" id="main-menu-12761">Optopharmacology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/targeted-protein-degradation" class="menu-item-updated" id="main-menu-13196">PROTACs & Targeted Protein Degradation</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/reagents" id="main-menu-4331">Reagents</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/product-type/stapled-peptides" id="main-menu-15251">Stapled Peptides</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/toxins" id="main-menu-4296">Toxins</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/research-area" id="main-menu-7406" data-target="#">Research Area <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="third-level-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/research-area/cancer-research" class="menu-item-updated" id="main-menu-7411">Cancer</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/cardiovascular-system-research" id="main-menu-7416">Cardiovascular System</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/cell-and-gene-therapy" id="main-menu-15266">Cell and Gene Therapy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/covid-19-research" id="main-menu-15306">COVID-19 Research</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/endocrinology-research" id="main-menu-7421">Endocrinology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/immunology-research" id="main-menu-7426">Immunology</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/infectious-disease" id="main-menu-15296">Infectious Disease</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/neuroscience-research" id="main-menu-7431">Neuroscience</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/research-area/pain-and-inflammation-research" id="main-menu-7436">Pain & Inflammation</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/research-area/respiratory-system-research" id="main-menu-7441">Respiratory System</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/product-type/new-products" id="main-menu-3996">New Products</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/support" id="main-menu-578" data-target="#">Support <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/support/customer-support" id="main-menu-13886">Customer Support</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/technical-support" id="main-menu-13881">Technical Support</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/contact-us" id="main-menu-7466">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/distributors" id="main-menu-7471">Distributors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/leave-feedback" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-8151">Leave Feedback</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/scholarship" id="main-menu-13181">Scholarship Program</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/reviews" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-9596">Submit a Review</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/promotions" id="main-menu-13351">Promotions</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/bulk-quantities-form" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-9466">Bulk Quantity Discounts</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/gmp-compound-inquiry" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-13201">GMP Compound Register Interest</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/screening-inquiry" id="main-menu-15291">Screening Inquiry</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded active-trail active dropdown"><a href="/resources" class="active-trail" id="main-menu-579" data-target="#">Resources <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/signaling-pathways" title="Signaling Pathways" id="main-menu-7341">Signaling Pathways</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/peptide-nomenclature-guide" id="main-menu-13811">Peptide Nomenclature Guide</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/pharmacological-glossary" id="main-menu-13816">Pharmacological Glossary</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/useful-abbreviations" id="main-menu-13821">Useful Abbreviations</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/dilution-calculator" id="main-menu-13826">Dilution Calculator</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/molarity-calculator" id="main-menu-13831">Molarity Calculator</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/reconstitution-calculator" id="main-menu-13836">Reconstitution Calculator</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/protocols" id="main-menu-13186">Protocols</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources/tocris-blog" id="main-menu-12776">Tocris Blog</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail active"><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos" class="active-trail active" id="main-menu-13136">Webinars & Videos</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/resources/spectral-viewer" id="main-menu-14186">Spectra Viewer</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/services" id="main-menu-13171" data-target="#">Services <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/services/custom-synthesis" id="main-menu-13781">Custom Synthesis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/chemical-analysis" id="main-menu-13786">Chemical Analysis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/chemical-sourcing" id="main-menu-13791">Chemical Sourcing</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/facilities" id="main-menu-13796">Facilities</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/expertise" id="main-menu-13801">Expertise</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/why-choose-tocris" id="main-menu-13806">Why Choose Tocris?</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/request-quote" id="main-menu-15156">Request Quote</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocriscreen-pro-custom-compound-library-service" id="main-menu-16551">Custom Compound Library Service</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/services/custom-degrader-services" id="main-menu-15101">Custom Degrader Services</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/protac-panel-builder" id="main-menu-15406">PROTAC庐 Panel Builder</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/literature" id="main-menu-7451" data-target="#">Literature <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/literature/life-science-posters" id="main-menu-6431">Life Science Posters</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature/scientific-posters" id="main-menu-15146">Scientific Meeting Posters</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature/product-guides" id="main-menu-6441">Product Guides & Listings</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature/research-bulletins" id="main-menu-6446">Research Bulletins</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature/scientific-reviews" id="main-menu-6436">Scientific Reviews</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/literature/signup" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-9306">Sign Up for E-Alerts</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/literature/literature-request" rel="nofollow" id="main-menu-9311">Request Literature</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/about-tocris" id="main-menu-14011" data-target="#">About Tocris <span class="caret"></span></a><div class="menu_toggle"></div><ul class="dropdown-menu short"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/your-supplier-of-choice" id="main-menu-14131">Your Supplier of Choice</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocris-history" id="main-menu-13856">Tocris History</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocris-in-the-news" id="main-menu-13851">Tocris in the News</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocris-events" id="main-menu-13871">Events & Conferences</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/licensing" id="main-menu-13866">Licensing</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/our-ethos" id="main-menu-13861">Our Ethos</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/environment" id="main-menu-13876">Environment</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/careers-at-tocris" id="main-menu-13846">Careers</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/contact-us" id="main-menu-7501">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="breadcrumbs_wrapper"> <div class="breadcrumbs_container"> <div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> <span class="breadcrumb_separator">/</span> <a href="/resources">Resources</a> <span class="breadcrumb_separator">/</span> Webinars & Videos</div> </div> </div> <div class="main-container container"> <div class="row"> <section> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-9"> <h1>Webinars and Videos</h1> <div class="view view-webinars-and-videos view-id-webinars_and_videos view-display-id-page view-dom-id-f057c0c5b01c36d78a6ae813f389ee22"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Presented to you by Bio-Techne and Tocris Bioscience</h2><p>A selection of informative webinars & videos presented to you by Bio-Techne and Tocris Bioscience. Our webinars feature key opinion leaders in their respective fields and offer an engaging and educational insight into a variety of topics and research areas.</p> <hr /> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/exploration-genetics-underlying-brain-disease">An Exploration of the Genetics Underlying Brain Disease</a></h3> <h4>Using Stem Cells</h4><p>In this webinar Kristen Brennand describes how she and her team helped to pioneer a new approach to studying brain disease, establishing that genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders can be modeled using patient-specific hiPSCs. In addition they聽use聽CRISPR-mediated genomic engineering strategies to study the impact of patient-specific variants across and between the cell types of the brain.聽</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/exploration-genetics-underlying-brain-disease" title="Watch the Webinar : An Exploration of the Genetics Underlying Brain Disease" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/exploration-genetics-underlying-brain-disease" title="View Webinar : An Exploration of the Genetics Underlying Brain Disease"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/kristen-brennand-bna-webinar.jpg" alt="An Exploration of the Genetics Underlying Brain Disease"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/chemical-genomics-webinar">Chemical Genomics Webinar </a></h3> <h4>Undruggables and the Quest for Therapeutics</h4><p>This webinar brings together experts to discuss chemical genomics and the advances and promises it brings to therapeutic discovery. The roadblocks and opportunities for protected open innovation in pharmaceutical R&D are examined, covering the use of <a href="/product-type/tocriscreen-compound-libraries" title="Browse our range of Compound Libraries">compound libraries</a> and the possibilities for drug repurposing, and the potential of patient lead approaches to identify novel targets with chemical genomics are considered.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/chemical-genomics-webinar" title="Watch the Webinar : Chemical Genomics Webinar " class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/chemical-genomics-webinar" title="View Webinar : Chemical Genomics Webinar "><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/chemical-genomics-webinar.png" alt="Chemical Genomics Webinar "></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-dtag">What is dTAG?</a></h3> <h4>A Short Animation Explaining dTAG Technology</h4><p>Our short animation explains the <a href="/product-type/tag-degradation-platform" title="Browse TAG Degradation Products">dTAG</a> system, which uses small molecule Degraders targeting a fusion protein comprising聽mutant FKBP12 and a target protein of interest, and harnesses the <a href="/cell-biology/ubiquitin-and-proteasome-system" title="Browse products聽 for Ubiquitin/Proteasome Research">ubiquitin/proteasome system</a> to selectively remove the fusion protein from cells. dTAG provides聽a useful alternative to genetic methods of target聽validation.聽聽</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-dtag" title="Watch the Video : What is dTAG?" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-dtag" title="View Video : What is dTAG?"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/dtag-for-targeted-protein-degradation-video.png" alt="What is dTAG?"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/targeted-protein-degradation-webinar">Targeted Protein Degradation Webinar</a></h3> <h4>New Frontiers in TPD and Degrader Development </h4><p>This webinar provides an聽introduction to the field of <a href="/product-type/targeted-protein-degradation" title="Browse products聽for Targeted Protein Degradation ">Targeted Protein聽Degradation</a>, discussing design and optimization of Degrader molecules and how聽structural biology and rational design can shed light on the Degrader development聽process. The second section of the webinar presents the <a href="/product-type/tag-degradation-platform" title="Browse TAG Degradation Products">dTAG</a> platform for聽target validation.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/targeted-protein-degradation-webinar" title="Watch the Webinar : Targeted Protein Degradation Webinar" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/targeted-protein-degradation-webinar" title="View Webinar : Targeted Protein Degradation Webinar"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/new-frontiers-in-targeted-protein-degradation.jpg" alt="Targeted Protein Degradation Webinar"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-is-targeted-protein-degradation">What is Targeted Protein Degradation?</a></h3> <h4>A Short Animation Explaining Degrader Technology</h4><p>Our short animation explains the fundamentals of <a href="/product-type/targeted-protein-degradation" title="Browse products聽for Targeted Protein Degradation">Targeted Protein Degradation</a> (TPD) using small molecule <a href="/product-type/protein-degraders" title="Browse Protein Degraders">Degraders</a>. Degraders are heterobifunctional compounds that harness the ubiquitin/proteasome system to selectively remove proteins from cells. 聽</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-is-targeted-protein-degradation" title="Watch the Video : What is Targeted Protein Degradation?" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/what-is-targeted-protein-degradation" title="View Video : What is Targeted Protein Degradation?"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/tools-for-targeted-protein-degradation-video.jpg" alt="What is Targeted Protein Degradation?"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/introduction-tocris">Introduction to Tocris </a></h3> <h4>A Short Video About Our Company</h4><p>Filmed in our state of the art chemistry facility in the UK, this short video provides a brief overview of the products and services available from Tocris for life science research, including small molecule and peptide <a href="/pharmacology" title="Browse our range of small molecule Agonists, Antagonists and Inhibitors">agonists, antagonists and inhibitors</a> for use <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>, as well as agents for <a href="/product-type/fluorescence-imaging" title="Browse our range of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes">fluorescence聽imaging</a>.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/introduction-tocris" title="Watch the Video : Introduction to Tocris " class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/introduction-tocris" title="View Video : Introduction to Tocris "><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/about-tocris-video.jpg" alt="Introduction to Tocris "></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/gmp-raw-materials-cell-therapy-webinar">GMP Raw Materials for Cell Therapy Webinar</a></h3> <h4>What, When, How?</h4><p>Listen to a discussion by our panel of experts, Jean Stanton (J&J), John Tomtishen (Novartis), Dr. Sadik Kassim (Mustang Bio), and Dr. Diane Wotta (Bio-Techne), around what <a href="/product-type/gmp-small-molecules" title="Browse our GMP Small Molecule Range">GMP</a> really means in the context of raw materials and ancillary reagents; the quality of raw materials required along the commercialization pathway; when to start using GMP materials; and the current regulatory landscape. Find out more about Bio-techne's GMP Capabilities by visiting <a class="a___link-external" href="https://www.bio-techne.com/gmp-products/gmp-capabilities" target="_blank">bio-techne.com</a>.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/gmp-raw-materials-cell-therapy-webinar" title="Watch the Webinar : GMP Raw Materials for Cell Therapy Webinar" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/gmp-raw-materials-cell-therapy-webinar" title="View Webinar : GMP Raw Materials for Cell Therapy Webinar"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/gmp-raw-materials-for-cell-therapy.jpg" alt="GMP Raw Materials for Cell Therapy Webinar"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/autophagy-webinar">Autophagy Webinar</a></h3> <h4>From Fundamental Mechanisms to Mechanical Stress in Physiology and Disease</h4><p>Mechanical stress is important in the physiological functioning of many organs, and <a href="/cell-biology/autophagy" title="Browse products for Autophagy Research">autophagy</a> is known to be one of the major cell stress responses. In聽this webinar Dr Patrice Codogno discusses current perspectives and novel insights about the molecular events that regulate mammalian autophagosome biogenesis, and the role of autophagy in response to mechanical stress.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/autophagy-webinar" title="Watch the Webinar : Autophagy Webinar" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/autophagy-webinar" title="View Webinar : Autophagy Webinar"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/autophagy-webinar.jpg" alt="Autophagy Webinar"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6"> <h3><a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/ras-oncoproteins">RAS Oncoproteins Webinar</a></h3> <h4>Therapeutic Vulnerabilities</h4><p><a href="/pharmacology/ras" title="Browse RAS GTPase Products">RAS</a> proteins function as binary on-off switches that regulate diverse cytoplasmic signaling networks. In <a href="/research-area/cancer-research" title="Browse products for Cancer Research">cancer</a> and developmental disorders (RASopathies), mutationally activated RAS proteins drive aberrant <a href="/cell-biology/signal-transduction" title="Browse products for Signal Transduction Research">signal transduction</a>. This webinar discusses the vulnerabilities of RAS that have been exploited for the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of RAS function.</p> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/ras-oncoproteins" title="Watch the Webinar : RAS Oncoproteins Webinar" class="btn btn-quinary">Watch Now!</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center"> <a href="/resources/webinars-and-videos/ras-oncoproteins" title="View Webinar : RAS Oncoproteins Webinar"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/webinars/ras-oncoproteins-webinar.jpg" alt="RAS Oncoproteins Webinar"></a> </div></div><hr/></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3"> <div class="distributor_region"></div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer id="footer_wrapper" class="container-fluid"> <div id="footer_wrapper_container" class="row"> <div id="footer" class="container"> <div id="footer_container" class="row"> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_1 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-1"> <section id="block-menu-menu-corporate-menu" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h6 class="block-title">Corporate</h6> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/about-tocris" id="menu-corporate-menu-14021">About Us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/careers-at-tocris" id="menu-corporate-menu-14026">Careers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocris-events" id="menu-corporate-menu-14031">Events</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/terms-and-conditions-of-sale" id="menu-corporate-menu-591">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/tocris-in-the-news" id="menu-corporate-menu-594">Tocris in the News</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_2 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-2"> <section id="block-menu-menu-support-menu" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h6 class="block-title">Support</h6> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/support/contact-us" id="menu-support-menu-603">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/support/customer-support" id="menu-support-menu-14036">Customer Support</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/distributors" id="menu-support-menu-601">Distributors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/about-tocris/licensing" id="menu-support-menu-14041">Licensing</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/resources" id="menu-support-menu-14046">Scientific Resources</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/support/technical-support" id="menu-support-menu-14051">Technical Support</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="footer_column footer_column_3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-3"> <section id="block-menu-menu-brands-menu" class="block block-menu clearfix"> <h6 class="block-title">Bio-Techne Brands</h6> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://www.rndsystems.com/" title="" target="_blank" id="menu-brands-menu-605">R&D Systems</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.novusbio.com" title="" target="_blank" id="menu-brands-menu-606">Novus Biologicals</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" title="" id="menu-brands-menu-607">Tocris Bioscience</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" target="_blank" id="menu-brands-menu-608">ProteinSimple</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="https://acdbio.com" title="" target="_blank" id="menu-brands-menu-9731">ACD</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <div class="footer_column footer_column_4 col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <div class="region region-footer-column-4"> <section id="block-block-2" class="block block-block clearfix"> <h6 class="block-title">Stay Connected</h6> <p>Get the latest news, product updates, and promotions:</p> <p><a class="btn btn-primary" href="/literature/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up for E-Alerts</a></p> <p>Follow Tocris:</p> <p><a class="social_link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/tocris-bioscience/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon-linkedin-square">聽</span></a> <a class="social_link" href="https://www.facebook.com/TocrisBioscience/" target="_blank"><span class="icon-facebook-square">聽</span></a> <a class="social_link" href="https://twitter.com/Tocris" target="_blank"><span class="icon-twitter-square">聽</span></a></p> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="copyright_wrapper" class="container-fluid"> <div id="copyright_wrapper_container" class="row"> <div id="copyright" class="container"> <div id="copyright_container" class="row"> <div id="copyright_content" class="col-xs-12"> <p> <div class="region region-copyright"> <section id="block-block-4" class="block block-block clearfix"> © Copyright 2024 Tocris Bioscience. All Rights Reserved. <a href="/support/privacy-and-cookie-policy">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a> | <a href="/sitemap">Site Map</a> </section> </div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script>var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.async = true; hm.defer = true; hm.src = "//hm.baidu.com/hm.js?7d34c554a46d6206cd64f92f2c696096"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();</script> <script src="https://www.tocris.com/sites/tocris.com/files/js/js_MRdvkC2u4oGsp5wVxBG1pGV5NrCPW3mssHxIn6G9tGE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"76fb58fb05","applicationID":"788348528,30870807","transactionName":"YFdbZBFZXxdWAhAMVlkdeFMXUV4KGBcNAE5EbUlRBF0=","queueTime":34,"applicationTime":333,"atts":"TBBYEllDTBk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>