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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&params=42_21_45_N_71_5_16_W_type:landmark_region:US-MA">42°21′45″N 71°5′16″W / 42.36250°N 71.08778°W / 42.36250; -71.08778</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Global research center working to reduce poverty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:J-PAL_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/J-PAL_Logo.png/220px-J-PAL_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/J-PAL_Logo.png/330px-J-PAL_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/J-PAL_Logo.png/440px-J-PAL_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">J-PAL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">2003; 21 years ago (2003)<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">Research institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Economic research, <a href="/wiki/Poverty_alleviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty alleviation">poverty alleviation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&params=42_21_45_N_71_5_16_W_type:landmark_region:US-MA">42°21′45″N 71°5′16″W / 42.36250°N 71.08778°W / 42.36250; -71.08778</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomized controlled trials">Randomized controlled trials</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Directors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_(MIT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">400+<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.povertyactionlab.org/">https://www.povertyactionlab.org/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Jameel Poverty Action Lab</td></tr></tbody></table> The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) is a global research center based at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> aimed to reducing poverty by ensuring that policy is informed by rigorous, scientific evidence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a> J-PAL funds, provides technical support to, and disseminates the results of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> evaluating the efficacy of social interventions in <a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_economics" title="Education economics">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_economics" title="Agricultural economics">agriculture</a>, and a range of other fields.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a> As of 2020, the J-PAL network consisted of 500 researchers and 400 staff, and the organization's programs had impacted over 400 million people globally.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> The organization has regional offices in seven countries around the world,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and is headquartered near the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a> In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> was jointly awarded to J-PAL co-founders <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, alongside economist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> The Nobel committee highlighted Duflo and Banerjee's work building J-PAL in their report on the scientific background for the award, noting that the organization was "vital" in promoting the acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> as an empirical technique in <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas Kristof</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> has described J-PAL as leading a "revolution in evaluation".<a href="#cite_note-:6-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL was founded in 2003 as the "Poverty Action Lab" by <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a>, all of the economics department at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Initial funding for the research center was approved by <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> economics department chair <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> in an effort to convince Duflo and her colleagues to stay in the department despite outside opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> The research center was early on championed by <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> president <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a>, who promoted it to <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>'s pool of donors.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> In 2005, it was endowed by Mohammed Jameel of Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Jameel" title="Abdul Latif Jameel">Abdul Latif Jameel</a> Corporation, and renamed the "Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)".<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Subsequently, J-PAL has also received financial support from the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:21-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy" title="Open Philanthropy">Open Philanthropy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:28-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Good_Ventures" title="Good Ventures">Good Ventures</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a>'s Development Innovation Ventures.<a href="#cite_note-:22-10">[10]</a> In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, a British economist and the wife of 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> co-laureate <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, became executive director of J-PAL.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> She held the role until 2017, when she became chief economist of the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Development" title="Department for International Development">Department for International Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a> In 2018, Iqbal Dhaliwal, a former <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> officer and the husband of former <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> chief economist <a href="/wiki/Gita_Gopinath" title="Gita Gopinath">Gita Gopinath</a>, became J-PAL's new global executive director.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Dhaliwal sits on J-PAL's executive committee, which also includes Duflo, Banerjee, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Finkelstein" title="Amy Finkelstein">Amy Finkelstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rema_Hanna" title="Rema Hanna">Rema Hanna</a>, Kelsey Jack, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tavneet_Suri" title="Tavneet Suri">Tavneet Suri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:426px;max-width:426px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Esther_Duflo_-_Pop!Tech_2009_-_001_(cropped_(2)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg/160px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg/240px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg/320px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped_%282%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1477" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, J-PAL Co-Founder, <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> Professor, 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> Laureate</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Abhijit_Banerjee_FT_Goldman_Sachs_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="727" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, J-PAL Co-Founder, <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> Professor, 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> Laureate</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_(13927918920)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="943" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a>, J-PAL Co-Founder, <a href="/wiki/UChicago" class="mw-redirect" title="UChicago">UChicago</a> Professor</div></div></div></div></div> J-PAL opened its first regional office in 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Financial_Management_and_Research" title="Institute for Financial Management and Research">Institute for Financial Management and Research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy" title="N. R. Narayana Murthy">N. R. Narayana Murthy</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a>, was the keynote speaker at the launch event.<a href="#cite_note-:7-15">[15]</a> In line with J-PAL's initial focus on South Asia, Many of Duflo and Banerjee's first successful randomized impact evaluations were situated in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. For example, among Duflo's earliest papers is an evaluation of a program in which one third of Village Council head positions in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> are randomly reserved for women.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> The paper finds that councils led by women invest more in roads and drinking water, public goods that they find women are relatively more likely to complain about in formal requests to <a href="/wiki/Gram_panchayat" title="Gram panchayat">Gram panchayats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> To support work of affiliates in other regions of the world, J-PAL subsequently opened additional hubs in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, each affiliated with a local university. In 2011, Duflo and Banerjee promoted the work of J-PAL in their best-selling book <a href="/wiki/Poor_Economics" title="Poor Economics">Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty</a>, which won the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award">Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award</a> the same year.<a href="#cite_note-:25-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> praised the book for exemplifying "a more evidence-based approach to development economics", and recommended it as one of the five best texts to read to understand the escape from extreme poverty.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Easterly" title="William Easterly">William Easterly</a>, a professor of economics at <a href="/wiki/NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU">NYU</a> and longstanding critic of foreign aid, wrote in the <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> of the book that "[Duflo and Banerjee] have fought to establish a beachhead of honesty and rigor about evidence, evaluation and complexity in an aid world that would prefer to stick to glossy brochures and celebrity photo-ops. For this they deserve to be congratulated—and to be read."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg/220px-Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg/330px-Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg/440px-Rachel_Glennerster_WES_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, J-PAL affiliate and former global executive director</figcaption></figure> Throughout its history, J-PAL has been a vocal advocate of research transparency, supporting efforts to improve the quality of evidence from <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> and ensure results are <a href="/wiki/Reproducibility" title="Reproducibility">reproducible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> For example, in 2012, J-PAL partnered with the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> to create a registration service for <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a>, allowing researchers to pre-register what analysis they hope to conduct before data is collected.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> This helps to reduce <a href="/wiki/P_hacking" class="mw-redirect" title="P hacking">p-hacking</a>, ensuring researchers do not iteratively test many versions of their hypotheses, selecting only those that yield the most desirable results.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:31-21">[21]</a> J-PAL affiliates <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Miguel" title="Edward Miguel">Edward Miguel</a> published one of the earliest and highest profile studies to use a "pre-analysis plan", showing that pre-registration effectively prevented them from drawing erroneous conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-:31-21">[21]</a> In 2019, Duflo and Banerjee were selected as the co-recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, then of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> In their report on the scientific background for the award, the Nobel committee explicitly acknowledged Duflo and Banerjee's work building J-PAL, noting that the organization "has promoted research built on randomized controlled trials in many countries and promoted the acceptance of results from such trials in the economic-policy community."<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> J-PAL's success has inspired the widespread acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> in <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>, and has encouraged their use in organizations and by academics outside their network.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> At approximately the same time as J-PAL was created, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Karlan" title="Dean Karlan">Dean Karlan</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Innovations_for_Poverty_Action" title="Innovations for Poverty Action">Innovations for Poverty Action</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> and longstanding partner of J-PAL that also promotes the use of rigorous impact evaluation in <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Miguel" title="Edward Miguel">Edward Miguel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development</a> economist and co-author of 2019 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> co-laureate <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Effective_Global_Action" title="Center for Effective Global Action">Center for Effective Global Action</a> at <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a> to pursue a similar goal.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> J-PAL's success has also inspired successful impact evaluations at multilateral development agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a>, in addition to within national governments such as that of Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In line with qualitative accounts of J-PAL's influence in popularizing experimental research methods,<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-6">[6]</a> a paper by <a href="/wiki/Janet_Currie" title="Janet Currie">Janet Currie</a> and co-authors in the papers and proceedings of the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> observed that the share of <a href="/wiki/NBER" class="mw-redirect" title="NBER">NBER</a> working papers leveraging <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> increased from less than 5% to almost 15% between 1980 and 2018.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> Although J-PAL was founded as a research center, its activities encompass three primary areas: field research, policy outreach, and capacity building.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Its activities are supervised by a staff of over 400<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> spread across its global headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> and seven regional offices around the world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_research">Field research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Field research">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL's primary purpose is to ensure that policies aimed at reducing poverty are informed by rigorous scientific evidence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> As part of this mission, it supports <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> by distributing grants, hiring and managing survey enumerators, and disseminating information on <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)" title="Sampling (statistics)">sampling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randomization" title="Randomization">randomization</a>, and other stages of the research process.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> In line with these efforts, J-PAL has established a set of norms and research standards for <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a>, encouraging the pre-registration of hypotheses using services such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> RCT Registry, back-checks and other efforts to ensure the reliability of survey data, and the timely release of anonymized data after research is published.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> J-PAL identifies and targets a number of primary research areas and topics in its work, organizing each under a particular "initiative" with its own funding stream.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Several examples are discussed in detail below. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agricultural_Technology_Adaption_Initiative">Agricultural Technology Adaption Initiative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Agricultural Technology Adaption Initiative">edit</a>]</div> One of J-PAL's primary research initiatives is the Agricultural Technology Adaption Initiative (ATAI), co-led with the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Effective_Global_Action" title="Center for Effective Global Action">Center for Effective Global Action</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-24">[24]</a> ATAI supports <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> evaluating interventions aimed at reducing poverty by increasing agricultural productivity.<a href="#cite_note-:9-24">[24]</a> In the last ten years, the initiative has conducted over 50 evaluations across 17 countries.<a href="#cite_note-:9-24">[24]</a> In line with its efforts to improve agricultural productivity, ATAI has funded <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> evaluating the use of text messages to deliver tailored <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_extension" title="Agricultural extension">agricultural extension</a> services to small-scale farmers in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-25">[25]</a> The evaluations found that mobile extension services substantially increase the likelihood that farmers adopt recommended agricultural strategies, raising yields in a cost effective manner.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> and others founded Precision Agriculture for Development, an <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> that delivers tailored agricultural advice to small-scale farmers in the developing world.<a href="#cite_note-:10-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="King_Climate_Action_Initiative">King Climate Action Initiative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: King Climate Action Initiative">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demi-lune_(half-moone)_agriculture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg/132px-Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg/199px-Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg/264px-Demi-lune_%28half-moone%29_agriculture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Example of a <a href="/wiki/Demi-lune_(agriculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demi-lune (agriculture)">demi-lune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></figcaption></figure> In 2020, J-PAL launched the King Climate Action Initiative, a research program aimed at testing policies in relation to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> mitigation and adaption, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> reduction, and access to <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The initiative was supported by a $25 million founding grant from King Philanthropies.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> As of April 2024, the initiative had supported 30 randomized evaluations and informed the implementation of policies impacting 15 million people.<a href="#cite_note-:23-30">[30]</a> In one example <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trial</a>, J-PAL affiliaties Jenny Aker and Kelsey Jack evaluate a training program teaching farmers in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> to harvest rainwater by digging demilunes (or <a href="/wiki/Semicircular_bund" title="Semicircular bund">semicircular bunds</a>), combatting desertification of agricultural lands.<a href="#cite_note-:24-31">[31]</a> They find that the training scheme increased adoption from 4 to 94 percent, raising yields and revenue.<a href="#cite_note-:23-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-:24-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_Protection_Initiative">Social Protection Initiative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social Protection Initiative">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL also co-leads a Social Protection Initiative in collaboration with the Center for International Development at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School of Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-32">[32]</a> The initiative is co-led by <a href="/wiki/Rema_Hanna" title="Rema Hanna">Rema Hanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a>, and supports <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> examining <a href="/wiki/Social_protection" title="Social protection">social protection</a> schemes in <a href="/wiki/Low_and_middle_income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Low and middle income countries">low and middle income countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Science_for_Progress_Initiative">Science for Progress Initiative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Science for Progress Initiative">edit</a>]</div> In November 2022, J-PAL launched an additional division, its Science for Progress Initiative, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Williams" title="Heidi Williams">Heidi Williams</a> and Paul Niehaus,<a href="#cite_note-:12-33">[33]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, respectively. The initiative funds and helps design randomized impact evaluations aimed at finding policies that catalyze the rate of scientific progress.<a href="#cite_note-:12-33">[33]</a> The initiative is supported by a $650,000 grant from <a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy" title="Open Philanthropy">Open Philanthropy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> a charitable organization that distributes grants based on the principles of <a href="/wiki/Effective_altruism" title="Effective altruism">effective altruism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacity_building">Capacity building</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Capacity building">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL also promotes the use of scientific evidence in public policy by running trainings and distributing materials aimed at improving the capacity of researchers and governments to conduct evaluations and use them to make decisions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> One example is a <a href="/wiki/MicroMasters" title="MicroMasters">MicroMasters</a> program offered in conjunction by J-PAL and <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in "Data, Economics and Design of Policy".<a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MicroMasters" title="MicroMasters">MicroMasters</a> program has over 1,000 alumni, and qualifies its recipients to apply for a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[36]</a> It focuses on topics in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, and also includes practical content of the design and implementation of randomized evaluations.<a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[36]</a> Instructors in the program include <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gruber_(economist)" title="Jonathan Gruber (economist)">Jonathan Gruber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Autor" title="David Autor">David Autor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-36">[36]</a> J-PAL also conducts tailored trainings with policymakers in governments, <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a>, charitable foundations, and multilateral development banks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> For example, the organization has conducted tailored in-person trainings with organizations and agencies such as <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> In 2024, it announced a partnership with the government of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Development_Agency" title="French Development Agency">French Development Agency</a> to equip civil servants with training in impact evaluation and the use of evidence in policy.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Between 2003 and 2020, J-PAL's training initiatives reached a total of 8,500 participants.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> and affiliated with the economics department of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. It is currently co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a>, all of whom are economics professors at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>. J-PAL's global office is supplemented by seven regional offices that support the organization's work across their respective regions of the world. Each regional office is affiliated with a local university: <ul><li>J-PAL Europe (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>), established in 2007 with the <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_Economics" title="Paris School of Economics">Paris School of Economics</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li>J-PAL South Asia (<a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>), established in 2007 with the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Financial_Management_and_Research" title="Institute for Financial Management and Research">Institute for Financial Management and Research</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li>J-PAL Latin America and Caribbean (<a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>), established in 2009 with the <a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Universidad_Catolica_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile">Pontifícia Universidad Católica</a></li> <li>J-PAL Africa (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>), established in 2011 with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">University of Cape Town</a> at SALDRU</li> <li>J-PAL Southeast Asia (<a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>), based at the Institute for Economic and Social Research within the Faculty of Economics at the University of Indonesia (LPEM FEB-UI)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li>J-PAL North America (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>), established in 2013 with the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li></ul> J-PAL is organized both by these regional offices and by research themes called sector programs. Programs are led by members of the organization's board of directors, and cover eight areas: <ul><li>Agriculture</li> <li>Crime</li> <li>Education</li> <li>Energy and Environment</li> <li>Finance</li> <li>Health</li> <li>Labor Markets</li> <li>Political Economy & Governance</li></ul> J-PAL is currently led by Professors Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Ben Olken as Faculty Directors and Iqbal Dhaliwal as the Global Executive Director.<a href="#cite_note-:5-14">[14]</a> J-PAL's Board of Directors sets the vision and strategy for the organization and includes the Global Directors and executive director, Regional Scientific Directors and executive directors, and Chairs of the Sector Programs. In 2019, J-PAL co-founders Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, and long time research affiliate Michael Kremer were awarded the Nobel prize in economics "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_research">Notable research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable research">edit</a>]</div> J-PAL affiliates have published several <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> that have received substantial media coverage or had outsized policy influence. Listed below are several prominent examples. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_at_the_right_level">Teaching at the right level</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Teaching at the right level">edit</a>]</div> Among J-PAL's earliest successful experiments was its evaluation of "Teaching at the Right Level", a remedial education scheme developed by Indian <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratham" title="Pratham">Pratham</a> aimed at bridging learning gaps in developing countries by evaluating students based on ability, and teaching them in groups based on these skills rather than grade level or other characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-:16-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratham" title="Pratham">Pratham</a>'s approach was developed in the early 2000s, and the first "proof of concept" trial of its efficacy was published by <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, and co-authors in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-:16-43">[43]</a> The trial found that the program substantially increased standardized test scores in mathematics and language skills.<a href="#cite_note-:16-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:26-45">[45]</a> A second evaluation of the program was published in 2010, revealing similar results, albeit with substantial implementation issues such as low take-up of the scheme and attrition by volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-:16-43">[43]</a> "Teaching at the Right Level" programs have subsequently been scaled in a number of countries around the world, such as <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:16-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:17-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:18-46">[46]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:18-46">[46]</a> The scale-up of the scheme has been supported by Teaching at the Right Level Africa, a non-profit organization that as of 2022 had directly or indirectly supported programs impacting over 4 million children across <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Teaching at the Right Level approach has been encouraged by organizations such as <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> as an effective method for bridging achievement gaps between high and low performing students.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> J-PAL has also supported research evaluating the usefulness of technological assistance in aiding student-tailored instruction.<a href="#cite_note-:29-49">[49]</a> For example, a paper by J-PAL affiliates <a href="/wiki/Karthik_Muralidharan" title="Karthik Muralidharan">Karthik Muralidharan</a>, Alejandro Ganiman, and Abhijeet Singh evaluates an after-school program in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in which students spend time on Mindspark, an <a href="/wiki/Edtech" class="mw-redirect" title="Edtech">Edtech</a> platform that algorithmically suggests remedial exercises based on performance on exam questions.<a href="#cite_note-:29-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:30-50">[50]</a> The research finds that even short periods of time enrolled in the program have large positive effects on <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">math</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> test scores.<a href="#cite_note-:29-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:30-50">[50]</a> A review of similar <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> by J-PAL affiliates <a href="/wiki/Philip_Oreopoulos" title="Philip Oreopoulos">Philip Oreopoulos</a> and Andre Nickow finds that software-aided instruction almost always yields better results than teaching conducted through conventional means.<a href="#cite_note-:29-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microfinance">Microfinance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Microfinance">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/131px-Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/196px-Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/262px-Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="3184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> pioneer, at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> 2012</figcaption></figure> One of J-PAL's most influential lines of research was its experimental evaluations of <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> programs aimed at alleviating poverty by providing the extreme poor access to loans without collateral or credit histories. <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">Microfinance</a> rose to prominence in the 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-:19-52">[52]</a> culminating in a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for Bangaldeshi <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> and its founder, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a>, in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> Beginning in 2005, Banerjee, Duflo, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a>, and Cynthia Kinnan partnered with the Indian <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> Spandana to deliver loans of approximately $250 to poor women in the city of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:19-52">[52]</a> With funding and support from J-PAL,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> the researchers tracked participating women for three years, finding no effects of the program on measures of educational attainment, health, or female empowerment.<a href="#cite_note-:19-52">[52]</a> Several follow on studies conducted by J-PAL affiliates in different geographic contexts have yielded similar results,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> providing limited systematic evidence that <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> has a transformative impact on recipient's lives.<a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The research has prompted a relative decrease in the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Cash_transfer" title="Cash transfer">cash transfers</a> and other social interventions shown in rigorous impact evaluations to have strong positive effects.<a href="#cite_note-:19-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_debt">Medical debt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medical debt">edit</a>]</div> Between 2018 and 2020, J-PAL supported a large-scale <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trial</a> evaluating the effects of relieving <a href="/wiki/Medical_debt" title="Medical debt">medical debt</a> on mental and financial health.<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-60">[60]</a> The study was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Neale_Mahoney" title="Neale Mahoney">Neale Mahoney</a>, Raymond Kluender, Francis Wong, and Wesley Yin in partnership with <a href="/wiki/RIP_Medical_Debt" class="mw-redirect" title="RIP Medical Debt">RIP Medical Debt</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a> Between 2018 and 2020, the organization randomly allocated $169 million in debt relief across 83,400 people, allowing the researchers to evaluate the causal effects of the program.<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a> The study found that medical debt relief had surprisingly muted effects on financial and mental health,<a href="#cite_note-:15-60">[60]</a> with only marginal improvements in credit scores.<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a> The experiment also found that debt relief increased the prevalence of depression, likely because the relief elicited shame or reminded respondents of other unclaimed debts.<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a> The results of the study contradicted the expectations of experts polled prior to the release of its results,<a href="#cite_note-:14-59">[59]</a> in addition to previously collected survey responses that indicated medical debt had detrimental effects for their mental health.<a href="#cite_note-:15-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition">edit</a>]</div> Since its founding, J-PAL has been recognized as a leading research institute in <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas Kristof</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> has written that J-PAL is leading a "revolution in evaluation",<a href="#cite_note-:6-6">[6]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> has noted that the organization's work is "tremendously important" towards the goal of making international aid more effective over time.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> ranked J-PAL co-founders <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a> among their "Top 100 Global Thinkers", writing of Duflo that "[h]er pathbreaking research aims to put hard numbers behind such [i.e. aid allocation] decisions, identifying the most cost-effective ways to fight endemic problems such as poverty and malnutrition."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 2011, Duflo and Banerjee's bestselling book <a href="/wiki/Poor_Economics" title="Poor Economics">Poor Economics</a> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Business_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award">Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:25-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Bates_Clark_Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: John Bates Clark Medal">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark_Medal" title="John Bates Clark Medal">John Bates Clark Medal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:27-63">[63]</a> a prize granted annually by the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> to "that American economist under the age of forty who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The prize explicitly noted Duflo's work building J-PAL, observing that "she has played a major role in setting a new agenda for the field of Development Economics" through her "research, mentoring of young scholars, and role in helping to direct the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at MIT."<a href="#cite_note-:27-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_(49203351503).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg/220px-Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg/330px-Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg/440px-Nobel_9_Dec_2019_047_copy_%2849203351503%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5873" data-file-height="4036" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> receiving the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> In 2019, J-PAL co-founders <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> were selected as the co-recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a>, then of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. The award was granted for Duflo, Banerjee, and Kremer's "experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> The Nobel committee highlighted J-PAL explicitly in the scientific background for the award, observing that the organization "has promoted research built on randomized controlled trials in many countries and promoted the acceptance of results from such trials in the economic-policy community."<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> The scientific background for the award also cited the work of <a href="/wiki/Innovations_for_Poverty_Action" title="Innovations for Poverty Action">Innovations for Poverty Action</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Effective_Global_Action" title="Center for Effective Global Action">Center for Effective Global Action</a>, J-PAL partners, in furthering the movement towards evidence-based development policy.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> Duflo was the second female and youngest ever recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize</a>, winning at the age of 46.<a href="#cite_note-:26-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_F._Katz" title="Lawrence F. Katz">Lawrence F. Katz</a>, a professor of economics at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, observed after Duflo, Banerjee, and Kremer's Nobel was "probably the first 21st-century prize in economics...This is not stuff worked on 20, 30 years ago — this is stuff that, none of it started until the 2000s."<a href="#cite_note-:26-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a>, a colleague of Duflo and Banerjee's at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, noted of Duflo, Banerjee, and Kremer's work popularizing <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> that the "approach has been tremendously influential in reshaping the field of development economics."<a href="#cite_note-:26-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards_won_by_J-PAL_affiliates">Other awards won by J-PAL affiliates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other awards won by J-PAL affiliates">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infosys_Prize">Infosys Prize</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Infosys Prize">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, 2009, "in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the economic theory of development, and for his pioneering work in the empirical evaluation of public policy"<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, 2014, "in recognition of her pioneering and prodigious contributions to development economics, with important implications for policies pertaining to the delivery of services to the poor"<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a>, 2018, for his "substantial impact on diverse fields such as development, public finance, corporate governance and policy design"<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_Pande" title="Rohini Pande">Rohini Pande</a>, 2022, "for her outstanding research on subjects of key importance, including governance and accountability, women’s empowerment, the role of credit in the lives of the poor, and the environment"<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yrjö_Jahnsson_Award">Yrjö Jahnsson Award</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Yrjö Jahnsson Award">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Bandiera" title="Oriana Bandiera">Oriana Bandiera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imran_Rasul" title="Imran Rasul">Imran Rasul</a>, 2019, "for their work on the role of social relationships in economics, advanced through pioneering field experiments in the workplace and social networks"<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elaine_Bennett_Research_Prize">Elaine Bennett Research Prize</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Elaine Bennett Research Prize">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, 2002<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Field" title="Erica Field">Erica Field</a>, 2010<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_affiliates">Notable affiliates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable affiliates">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_Directors">Board of Directors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Board of Directors">edit</a>]</div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Bertrand" title="Marianne Bertrand">Marianne Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Blattman" title="Chris Blattman">Chris Blattman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Breza" title="Emily Breza">Emily Breza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeindrila_Dube" title="Oeindrila Dube">Oeindrila Dube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascaline_Dupas" title="Pascaline Dupas">Pascaline Dupas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Finkelstein" title="Amy Finkelstein">Amy Finkelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Glennerster" title="Rachel Glennerster">Rachel Glennerster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rema_Hanna" title="Rema Hanna">Rema Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seema_Jayachandran" title="Seema Jayachandran">Seema Jayachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthik_Muralidharan" title="Karthik Muralidharan">Karthik Muralidharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Olken" title="Benjamin Olken">Benjamin Olken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Oreopoulos" title="Philip Oreopoulos">Philip Oreopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_Pande" title="Rohini Pande">Rohini Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavneet_Suri" title="Tavneet Suri">Tavneet Suri</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Affiliates">Other Affiliates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other Affiliates">edit</a>]</div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcella_Alsan" title="Marcella Alsan">Marcella Alsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Ashraf" title="Nava Ashraf">Nava Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Bandiera" title="Oriana Bandiera">Oriana Bandiera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Burgess" title="Robin Burgess">Robin Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Chetty" title="Raj Chetty">Raj Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_DellaVigna" title="Stefano DellaVigna">Stefano DellaVigna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dercon" title="Stefan Dercon">Stefan Dercon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Fafchamps" title="Marcel Fafchamps">Marcel Fafchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Field" title="Erica Field">Erica Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gertler" title="Paul Gertler">Paul Gertler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Haushofer" title="Johannes Haushofer">Johannes Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_F._Katz" title="Lawrence F. Katz">Lawrence Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._List" title="John A. List">John A. 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data-file-height="2472" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sadoulet" title="Elisabeth Sadoulet">Elisabeth Sadoulet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Esther_Duflo_-_Pop!Tech_2009_-_001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esther Duflo"><img alt="Esther Duflo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/181px-Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/241px-Sendhil_Mullainathan_-_Behavioral_Economics_of_Extreme_Poverty_-_2014_%2813927918920%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="943" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style 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Retrieved 2024-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infosys+Science+Foundation&rft.atitle=Infosys+Prize+-+Laureates+2022+-+Rohini+Pande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infosysprize.org%2Flaureates%2F2022%2Frohini-pande.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeassoc.org/awards/yrjo-jahnsson-award">"Yrjö Jahnsson Award | EEA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Association" title="European Economic Association">European Economic Association</a>. 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Retrieved 2024-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Association&rft.atitle=Erica+M.+Field%3A+Recipient+of+the+2010+Elaine+Bennett+Research+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Fcontent%2Ffile%3Fid%3D459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.povertyactionlab.org/board-members">"Board Members"</a>. The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). Retrieved 2024-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Abdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab+%28J-PAL%29&rft.atitle=Board+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.povertyactionlab.org%2Fboard-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.povertyactionlab.org/affiliated-professors">"Affiliated Professors"</a>. The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). Retrieved 2024-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Abdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab+%28J-PAL%29&rft.atitle=Affiliated+Professors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.povertyactionlab.org%2Faffiliated-professors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbdul+Latif+Jameel+Poverty+Action+Lab" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Latif_Jameel_Poverty_Action_Lab&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.povertyactionlab.org/">Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poverty-action.org/">Innovations for Poverty Action</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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