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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-範例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#範例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>範例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-範例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关範例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-範例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-土耳其語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土耳其語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>土耳其語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土耳其語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>日語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韓語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韓語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>韓語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韓語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-具体语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#具体语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>具体语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-具体语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">黏着语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。75种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة إلصاقية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة إلصاقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_aglutinante" title="Llingua aglutinante – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua aglutinante" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Агглутинативияб мацӀ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Агглутинативияб мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqql%C3%BCtinativ_dill%C9%99r" title="Aqqlütinativ dillər – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aqqlütinativ dillər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1" title="التصاقی دیللر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="التصاقی دیللر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Агглютинатив телдәр – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Агглютинатив телдәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Аглюцінатыўныя мовы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аглюцінатыўныя мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Аглютынацыйныя мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аглютынацыйныя мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Аглутинативен език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аглутинативен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_daspegel" title="Yezh daspegel – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh daspegel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_aglutinant" title="Llengua aglutinant – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua aglutinant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutina%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_jazyk" title="Aglutinační jazyk – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aglutinační jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Агглютинативлă чĕлхесем – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Агглютинативлă чĕлхесем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaith_ddodiadol" title="Iaith ddodiadol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iaith ddodiadol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinerende_sprog" title="Agglutinerende sprog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Agglutinerende sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinierende_Sprache" title="Agglutinierende Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Agglutinierende Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Συγκολλητική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συγκολλητική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Agglutinative language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutina_lingvo" title="Aglutina lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aglutina lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_aglutinante" title="Lengua aglutinante – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua aglutinante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutinatiivne_keel" title="Aglutinatiivne keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aglutinatiivne keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_eranskari" title="Hizkuntza eranskari – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza eranskari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زبان پیوندی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان پیوندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinatiivinen_kieli" title="Agglutinatiivinen kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Agglutinatiivinen kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_agglutinante" title="Langue agglutinante – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue agglutinante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aglutinante" title="Lingua aglutinante – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua aglutinante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A7" title="לשון מדבק – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשון מדבק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutinativni_jezici" title="Aglutinativni jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aglutinativni jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutin%C3%A1l%C3%B3_nyelv" title="Agglutináló nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Agglutináló nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կցական լեզուներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կցական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_aglutinatif" title="Bahasa aglutinatif – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa aglutinatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0skeytam%C3%A1l" title="Viðskeytamál – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viðskeytamál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_agglutinante" title="Lingua agglutinante – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua agglutinante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%9D%80%E8%AA%9E" title="膠着語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="膠着語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აგლუტინაციური ენები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აგლუტინაციური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglyutinativlik_tiller" title="Agglyutinativlik tiller – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Agglyutinativlik tiller" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жалғамалы тілдер – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жалғамалы тілдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%B0%A9%EC%96%B4" title="교착어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교착어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Агглютинативдик тилдер – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Агглютинативдик тилдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_agglutinanta" title="Lengua agglutinanta – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua agglutinanta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agliutinacin%C4%97_kalba" title="Agliutinacinė kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Agliutinacinė kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutin%C4%93jo%C5%A1a_valoda" title="Aglutinējoša valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aglutinējoša valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Аглутинативен јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аглутинативен јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_(%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="അഗ്ലൂട്ടിനേഷൻ (ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം) – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഗ്ലൂട്ടിനേഷൻ (ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_lekatan" title="Bahasa lekatan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa lekatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="پیوندی زوون – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیوندی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinatie_(taalkunde)" title="Agglutinatie (taalkunde) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Agglutinatie (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinerande_spr%C3%A5k" title="Agglutinerande språk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Agglutinerande språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinerende_spr%C3%A5k" title="Agglutinerende språk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Agglutinerende språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_aglutinanta" title="Lenga aglutinanta – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lenga aglutinanta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_aglutynacyjne" title="Języki aglutynacyjne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki aglutynacyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_aglutinante" title="Língua aglutinante – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua aglutinante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27askachakuq_rimay" title="K'askachakuq rimay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'askachakuq rimay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_aglutinant%C4%83" title="Limbă aglutinantă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă aglutinantă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Агглютинативные языки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агглютинативные языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinazzioni" title="Agglutinazzioni – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Agglutinazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutinativni_jezici" title="Aglutinativni jezici – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aglutinativni jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Agglutinative language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutinacijski_jezik" title="Aglutinacijski jezik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aglutinacijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_aglutinative" title="Gjuha aglutinative – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha aglutinative" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Аглутинативни језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аглутинативни језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinerande_spr%C3%A5k" title="Agglutinerande språk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Agglutinerande språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_ambishi_bainishi" title="Lugha ambishi bainishi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha ambishi bainishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒட்டுநிலை மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒட்டுநிலை மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ภาษารูปคำติดต่อ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารูปคำติดต่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eklemeli_dil" title="Eklemeli dil – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eklemeli dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Агглютинатив телләр – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Агглютинатив телләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Агглютинативтиг дылдар – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Агглютинативтиг дылдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Аглютинативні мови – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аглютинативні мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglyutinativ_tillar" title="Agglyutinativ tillar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Agglyutinativ tillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_ch%E1%BA%AFp_d%C3%ADnh" title="Ngôn ngữ chắp dính – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ chắp dính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etroclant_lingaedje" title="Etroclant lingaedje – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Etroclant lingaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="黏着语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黏着语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahgyuek" title="Vahgyuek – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahgyuek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%91%97%E8%AA%9E" title="黏著語 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黏著語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&oldid=85051643" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="Talk:黏着语">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年3月20日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="Talk:黏着语">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:扩充请求">扩充请求</a>中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年3月20日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="Talk:黏着语">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年3月20日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">"黏着语"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="语言类型学">语言类型学</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A7%8B%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="語言構詞分類">按形态</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="孤立语">孤立语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="综合语">综合语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">黏着语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BC%8F%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="多式综合语">多式综合语</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> 按形态句法</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="配列">配列</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%AE%BE%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="主宾型配列">主宾型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E9%80%9A%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="作通型配列">作通型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="及物型配列">及物型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E9%9D%99%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="动静型配列">动静型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%88%86%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="三分型配列">三分型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9E%8B%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="中立型配列">中立型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="焦點系統">南岛型</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信息结构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Information structure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信息结构（页面不存在）">信息结构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Information structure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Information structure</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li>格序優先</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%9D%E9%A2%98%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="话题优先语言">话题优先</a></li> <li>空主语语言</li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">按语序</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>动宾语序 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主動賓語序">主动宾语序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="動主賓語序">动主宾语序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%B3%93%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="動賓主語序">动宾主语序</a></li></ul></li> <li>宾动语序 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主賓動語序">主宾动语序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="賓主動語序">宾主动语序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="賓動主語序">宾动主语序</a></li> <li>动词第一顺位-V1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%86%E4%BD%8D" title="動詞第二順位">动词第二顺位</a>-V2</li></ul></li> <li>宾主语序</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82-%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95-%E5%9C%B0" title="時-方法-地">时-方法-地</a></li> <li>地-方法-时</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:語言類型學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:語言類型學（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:語言類型學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81921555">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger{font-size:300%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rtc{font-size:.25em}</style><ruby><rb><b>黏着</b></rb><rp>（</rp><rt>nián zhuó</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><b>語</b>（英語：<span lang="en">agglutinative language</span>），為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="综合语">綜合語</a>的一種，具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%A2%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="詞形變化">詞形變化</a>的一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>類型。黏著語透過在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="動詞">動詞</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="詞根">詞根</a>粘加上不同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="詞尾">詞尾</a>來表達<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>功能。 </p><p>黏著語與同為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="综合语">綜合語</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>的關鍵差別在於：黏著語的所有、或多數<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>僅表達一種意思或僅具有一種語法功能（例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>的語尾修飾）。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>一詞綴的使用則往往是一通用的語法功能（例如印歐語系中常見的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (语法)">性</a>等變化）。並且，大多狀況中，黏著語較<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>能不受限制地在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="詞素">詞素</a>加上更多<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>作為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="修饰语">修飾語</a>。但必須注意的是，在大多數案例中，黏著語和屈折語之間的界限並不明顯，因此可將黏著語和屈折語之間的關係視為一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="光譜">光譜</a>連續體或混合體。黏著語亦可能在某些<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E9%A1%9E" title="詞類">詞類</a>上類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="孤立語">孤立語</a>，如日語名詞。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9-%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="爱斯基摩-阿留申语系">爱斯基摩-阿留申语系</a>等也具黏着语性質、不過因為其一語詞長度的緣故，故常常被歸類為<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BC%8F%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="多式综合语">多式综合语</a></b>（或謂之编插语，相抱语）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="範例"><span id=".E7.AF.84.E4.BE.8B"></span>範例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：範例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="土耳其語"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E8.80.B3.E5.85.B6.E8.AA.9E"></span>土耳其語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：土耳其語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="土耳其語文法">土耳其語文法</a></div> <ul><li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa</span></i> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı</span></i> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="欧洲人">欧洲人</a></li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş</span></i> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8C%96" title="歐洲化">欧洲化</a></li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır</span></i> 使欧洲化</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama</span></i> 无法被欧洲化</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama-dık</span></i> 我们没能被欧洲化</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama-dık-lar-ımız</span></i> 我们是没能被欧洲化的人们</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama-dık-lar-ımız-dan</span></i> 在没能被欧洲化的我们中</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama-dık-lar-ımız-dan mı?</span></i> 在没能被欧洲化的人們中的么？</li> <li><i><span lang="tr">Avrupa-lı-laş-tır-ama-dık-lar-ımız-dan mısınız?</span></i> 你们是我们无法能够欧洲化的人群中的么？</li></ul> <p>表面上看起來很複雜，但實際上在土耳其語中，每個<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>的形式和意義都相當地規律，唯詞綴的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="母音">母音</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%AB%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="母音和諧">母音和諧</a>的現象存在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日語"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E8.AA.9E"></span>日語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：日語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="日語文法">日語文法</a></div> <p>以<span lang="ja">ま</span>行五段他動詞「<span lang="ja"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>読</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>よ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>む</span>（讀）」為例：(詳見<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E)" title="活用 (日語)">日語活用</a>) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span lang="ja"><b>読む</b></span></td> <td><b><span lang="ja">読む</span></b>的終止形（表現在的動作，並結束句子。）</td> <td>讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ja"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">読ま</span><b>せる</b></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">讀(未然形)</span> + 使役助動詞「<b><span lang="ja">せる</span></b>」的終止形</td> <td>要求（某人）讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ja"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">読ま</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">さ</span><b>れる</b></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">讀(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">使役助動詞(未然形)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> + 受身(被動)助動詞「<b><span lang="ja">れる</span></b>」的終止形</td> <td>被（其他人）要求讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ja"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">読ま</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">さ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">れる</span><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>時</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>とき</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby></b></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">讀(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">使役助動詞(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">受身助動詞(連体形)</span> + 形式名詞「<span lang="ja"><b>とき</b></span>」</td> <td>被（其他人）要求讀的時候 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ja"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">読ま</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">さ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">れ</span><b>た</b></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">讀(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">使役助動詞(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">受身助動詞(連用形)</span> + 過去助動詞「<span lang="ja"><b>た</b></span>」的終止形</td> <td>曾被（其他人）要求讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ja"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">読ま</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">さ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">れ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">た</span><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>事</rb><rp>（</rp><rt>こと</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby></b></span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">讀(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">使役助動詞(未然形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">受身助動詞(連用形)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">過去助動詞(連体形)</span> + 形式名詞「<span lang="ja"><b>こと</b></span>」</td> <td>曾被（其他人）要求讀的事（或狀況） </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>注意接續時，<b>後面的單詞會決定前面的單詞型態</b>，也就是使役助動詞「<span lang="ja">せる</span>」與受身助動詞「<span lang="ja">れる</span>」所前接的動詞或助動詞必須是<b>未然形</b>；過去助動詞「<span lang="ja">た</span>」則要前接<b>連用形</b>；而動詞和助動詞則是以<b>連体形</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>後接名詞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韓語"><span id=".E9.9F.93.E8.AA.9E"></span>韓語</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：韓語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="韓語文法">韓語文法</a></div> <p>以動詞「<span lang="ko">서다</span>（站立）」為例： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span lang="ko">서다</span></td> <td>站 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있다</span></td> <td>站著 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있을 수 있다</span></td> <td>能持續站著 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있을 수 있게 되다</span></td> <td>變得能持續站著 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있을 수 있게 되었다</span></td> <td>變得能持續站著了 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있을 수 있게 되었을 것이다</span></td> <td>應該變得能持續站著了 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="ko">서 있을 수 있게 되었을 것입니다</span></td> <td>應該變得能持續站著了(<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="韓語敬語">敬語</a>) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>在韓語中，一個詞綴的寫法可能會因下一個連接的詞綴而改變，但意思不變，如表格中的最後兩句「것이다」與「것입니다」就是一例。由上述數例可知，每個特定的意思都有著一個特定的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>；若要改變意思，只需改變代表原來意思的那個詞綴就好，而其他的詞綴則不動，除非要改變兩個以上的意思。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="具体语言"><span id=".E5.85.B7.E4.BD.93.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>具体语言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：具体语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="阿尔吉克语系">阿爾吉克語系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%86%88%E6%98%86%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="阿尔冈昆语族">阿爾岡昆語族</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B2%A1%E6%98%86%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中阿爾岡昆語支（页面不存在）">中阿爾岡昆語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克里語">克里語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B2%A1%E6%98%86%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平原阿爾岡昆語支（页面不存在）">平原阿爾岡昆語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%85%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="黑腳語">黑腳語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇語系（页面不存在）">蘇語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%EF%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%A7%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="納－德內語系">納－德內語系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬斯克語系（页面不存在）">馬斯克語系</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E5%8A%A0%E7%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="他加祿語">他加祿語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="马来语支">馬來語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="马来语">马来語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼語">印尼語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E8%AA%9E" title="爪哇語">爪哇語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5-%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日-剛果語系">尼日爾-剛果語系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="大西洋-刚果语族">大西洋-刚果语族</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支">班圖語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢干达语">盧干達語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="贝努埃-刚果语支">貝努埃-剛果語支</a> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E9%81%94%E7%BE%85%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中南達羅毗荼語族（页面不存在）">中南達羅毗荼語族</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%9B%A7%E5%9B%BA%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰盧固語">泰盧固語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%EF%BC%8D%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱斯基摩－阿留申语系">愛斯基摩－阿留申語系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿留申語">阿留申語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛斯基摩語族（页面不存在）">愛斯基摩語族</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="伊努克提圖特語">伊努克提圖特語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="尤皮克语">尤皮克語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南高加索语系">卡特維爾語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="西北高加索语系">西北高加索語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="东北高加索语系">東北高加索語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1-%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="满-通古斯语系">通古斯語系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="烏拉爾語系">烏拉爾語系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD-%E7%83%8F%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭-烏戈爾語族">芬蘭-烏戈爾語族</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系">突厥语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="蒙古语系">蒙古语系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢藏語系">漢藏語系</a> <ul><li><a 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">在<b>（サ行以外的）五段動詞</b> + <span lang="ja">「せる」</span> + <span lang="ja">「れる」</span>的狀況下，<span lang="ja">「せる」</span>慣用的未然形是<span lang="ja">「さ」</span>，反倒較少採用從古典日語直接繼承的普通未然形<span lang="ja">「せ」</span>。以上參考《<span lang="ja">田中稔子の日本語の文法</span>》，p.179，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9578986220" title="Special:网络书源/978-9578986220">978-9578986220</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">現代日語動詞的連体形已經和終止形融合，兩者外型沒有區別。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bodmer, Frederick. Ed. by Lancelot Hogben. <i>The Loom of Language.</i> New York, W.W. Norton and Co., 1944, renewed 1972, pages 53, 190ff. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780393300345" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-30034-5</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output 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