CINXE.COM

Pilar Wolfsteller | European Aviation Editor | Flight Global

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768097380831"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768097380831"> <!-- FG Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PQRKBK3');</script> <!-- End FG Google Tag Manager --> <title>Pilar Wolfsteller | European Aviation Editor | Flight Global</title> <meta name="description" content="Pilar Wolfsteller, European Aviation Editor, joined FlightGlobal in 2019. She covers all aspects of the industry including airlines, future-oriented sustainable aviation technology, advanced air mobility projects, aviation safety and pilot training topics. Pilar is also a passionate aviator, and holds flight instructor (CFI) and commercial pilot certificates. She began her journalism career at the global news agencies Bloomberg and Reuters, and has reported from more than 50 countries." /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="momentnowdate" content="2024-11-28 18:03:13.371"/> <meta name="momentlocale" content="en-gb"/> <meta name="momentlocaleformat" content="D MMM YYYY"/> <meta name="momentrelative" content="false"/> <meta name="momentrelativeformat" content="YYYY,MM,DD"/> <meta name="momentrelativemorethan" content="10"/> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="blockthis" content="blockGA" /> <meta name="showwallpaper" content="true" /> <meta name="navcode" content="2" /> <meta name="primarynavigation" content="Home" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/pilar-wolfsteller/449.bio" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Flight Global" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Pilar Wolfsteller | European Aviation Editor | Flight Global"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Pilar Wolfsteller, European Aviation Editor, joined FlightGlobal in 2019. She covers all aspects of the industry including airlines, future-oriented sustainable aviation technology, advanced air mobility projects, aviation safety and pilot training topics. Pilar is also a passionate aviator, and holds flight instructor (CFI) and commercial pilot certificates. She began her journalism career at the global news agencies Bloomberg and Reuters, and has reported from more than 50 countries." /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Pilar Wolfsteller | European Aviation Editor | Flight Global"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Pilar Wolfsteller, European Aviation Editor, joined FlightGlobal in 2019. She covers all aspects of the industry including airlines, future-oriented sustainable aviation technology, advanced air mobility projects, aviation safety and pilot training topics. Pilar is also a passionate aviator, and holds flight instructor (CFI) and commercial pilot certificates. She began her journalism career at the global news agencies Bloomberg and Reuters, and has reported from more than 50 countries."/> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="600" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/600x600/P%2Fweb%2Fz%2Fi%2Fj%2Fpilarpic_407839.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Pilar Wolfsteller" /> <meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/600x600/P%2Fweb%2Fz%2Fi%2Fj%2Fpilarpic_407839.jpg" /> <meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Pilar Wolfsteller" /> <link rel="icon" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <!--[if IE]><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/favicon.ico" /><![endif]--> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" /> <link href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768097380831" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="/Magazine/print.css?p=7513768097380831" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print"> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script>var newLang={"more":{"default":"Show more","searchtype":"Show more","searchdates":"Show more"},"less":{"default":"Show fewer","searchtype":"Show fewer","searchdates":"Show fewer"},"show":{"default":"show"},"hide":{"default":"hide"},"caption":{"show":"show caption","hide":"hide caption"},"carousel":{"play":"play slideshow","pause":"pause slideshow"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var IPState = { useripstate: false, useripname: '' }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'StoryID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatProperty':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategories':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayout':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryWidth':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayoutCode':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryTypeCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategoriesCodes':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFullNavPath':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavCode':'2'}); window.dataLayer.push({'MicrositeNavCode':'-1'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavKey':'2'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavigationAreaNavCode':'2'}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //dataLayer array declaration window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'grecaptcha':'6LdF8vonAAAAAD7o_GFdZx7ScY1_ggHdHUmijbXX'}); window.dataLayer.push({'LoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessStatus':'Granted'}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessDeniedStoryID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessDeniedTitle':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Template':'Biography'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Pubcode':'2'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublicationName':'Flight Global'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Title':'Pilar Wolfsteller | European Aviation Editor'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryAccessControl':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormat':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryType':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Headline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'LongHeadline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Intro':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Catchline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Synopsis':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Standfirst':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Answer':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Source':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Refs':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Class':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Credits':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Postscript':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNav':'|Main Navigation|Home|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCurrent':'Home'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCode':'|1|2|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCodeCurrent':'2'}); window.dataLayer.push({'FullNavPath':'|1|2|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'CategoryCodes':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Tags':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Bylines':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'IssueDate':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'IssueDateTime':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublishDate':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublishDateTime':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'BrowseJobsURL':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserStateLoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'FullNavPath':'|1|2|'}); </script> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Hind:400,600' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.4.1/jquery.fancybox.min.css" /> <!--newsletter sign-up styles--> <style> .newsletterSignup-widget{ background: #002a63; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-form-content .newsletterSignup-widget-form-response { background:#18afe5; color:#002a63; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag:before { filter: invert(1); } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-form-content form .newsletterSignup-widget-form .field .innerSleeve input{ border: 1px solid #FFF; height: 40px; } .newsletterSignup-widget a:link, .newsletterSignup-widget a:visited { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag{ color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag:before rect{ fill: #FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-info h2 { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-info p { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-privacy p{ color:#CCC; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details { border-left: 6px solid #1cafe5; } </style> <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } .ad-text{ background: #f0f2f2; font-size: 0.675rem; padding: 2px; color: #444; text-transform: uppercase; border-top: 4px solid #DCDCDC; } /*Fix CLS issues with wallpaper advertising*/ .masthead .mastheadSearch form button,.filteredSearch .facet-search button{text-indent:-10000px;} @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .rightcolumn {width: 300px !important;} } /*.wallpaper-applied #wrapper_sleeve>.container .inner-sleeve { background-color: inherit !important; } */ .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .ad-style1, .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .container .inner-sleeve { max-width: 1220px !important; } .footer { width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 50%; right: 50%; margin-left: -50vw; margin-right: -50vw; } #storyAccess .access_denied_image { float: right; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: -45px; } </style> <!-- Temp fix:DVVMCS-638 START --> <style> @media screen and (max-width: 1023px){ #wrapper_sleeve.showMenuPushed{ transform: unset; transition: .2s; } .showMenu #wrapper_sleeve.showMenuPushed { transform: translateX(-280px); } } </style> <!-- Temp fix:DVVMCS-638 END --> <!-- Temp patch: DVVM-224 END --> <!--<style>@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) {.storyLayout.video~.videoTop { padding-top: 50px; margin-top: 10px !important;} } .ad-style1 { background-color: #fff; border-bottom: 0px solid #fff; } </style>--> <!-- Temp patch: DVVM-224 START --> <!-- <style> .desktopNavigation .dropdown.open, .desktopNavigation .menu.preJS>li:hover .dropdown {z-index: 999999 !important;} @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .masthead {margin-top: -26px !important;} .masthead .mast{padding: 40px 0 6px !important;}} .masthead+.ad {margin-bottom: 1.3% !important; margin-top: 20px !important;} @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ #colwrapper { position: relative; max-width: 1024px; margin: 0 auto; }} </style> --> <!-- AC TEST START --> <!--<style>.storyLayout.standard~.headerWrapper{max-width: 1024px !important; margin: 0 auto !important;} #wrapper_sleeve>.container .inner-sleeve {Max-width: 1024px !important;} .contentWrapper {border-right: 0px !important;}</style>--> <!--<style> .vdContainerBlock {position: sticky !important;} #vdContainerBlock {position: sticky !important;} </style>--> <!--<style> @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .spin2scroller {width: 108%; margin-left: -3.5%; }} </style>--> <!-- CSS fixes for FGP launch start --> <style> #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 { margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.mobile { display:none; min-width: 290px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 p { margin: 15px 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 ul li { line-height: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 10px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-2 { margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 a.button { margin-top: 20px; display: inline-block; } @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .col-2 { display: none; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.mobile { display:block; min-width: 280px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.desktop { display:none; } } #cookiePolicy div p {text-align: left;} </style> <!-- CSS fixes for FGP launch end --> <!-- adding premium icons --> <style> .premium .masthead .mastheadLogo .logoIcon { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/o/m/h/flightglobal_logo_desktop_premium_125170.svgz); width: 587px; height: 77px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastheadMobileLogo .logoIcon{ background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/o/m/h/flightglobal_logo_mobile_premium_18824.svgz); width: 90px; height: 38px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuseroff_66553.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:hover::after, .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:focus::after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuseron_418773.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles > a:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuserbookmarkoff_104721.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles:hover > a:after, .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles > a:focus:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuserbookmarkon_77440.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav .toggleIcon a { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiummobileaccount_337723.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a { margin-right: 10px; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:before { right: 50px; } } </style> <!-- adding premium icons end --> <style> .adwrap_leader { height:250px; } @media screen and (min-width: 980px){ .adwrap_leader { height:250px; }} @media screen and (max-width: 980px) and (min-width: 750px) { .adwrap_leader { height: initial; min-height: 90px; }} @media screen and (max-width: 750px){ .adwrap_leader { height: initial; min-height: 100px; }} .adwrap_MPU {height: initial !important; min-height:250px; margin-bottom: 40px;} @media screen and (max-width: 750px){ .adwrap_MPU { height: initial !important; min-height:250px; margin-bottom: 40px;}} .footer .webvision {display: none;} </style> <style>.storyLayout.picture~.headerWrapper .inlineFull {margin-top: 0px;} .storyLayout.gallery~.headerWrapper .removeGapToMast, .storyLayout.picture~.headerWrapper .removeGapToMast {margin-top: 0px;} </style> <style> @media screen and (min-width: 1280px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: block !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 80px !important; bottom: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 16px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: block !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 80px !important; bottom: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 16px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: inline !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 70px !important; bottom: 85px; height: 70px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 13px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } .eme-completed .eme-htmlslideup { max-width: 1024px; margin: auto; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 18px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { min-height: auto !important; padding: 10px 0 0 0; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container { order: 3; background-color: #002a63; margin-left: 0vw !important; margin-right: 0vw !important; padding-bottom: 10px; max-width: 1024px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button { margin-top: 10px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 767px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { padding: 10px 0px 0px; } } /* @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: none !important; } } */ @media screen and (max-width: 767px) and (min-width: 481px) { .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text { color: #DCDCDC; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.25rem !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; margin-top: -30px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 5px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline { color: #fff; font-size: 1.5rem !important; line-height: 1.8rem !important; font-weight: 400 !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; order: 2; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text { color: #DCDCDC; font-size: 0.85rem !important; line-height: 1.25rem !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; }} .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 5px !important; } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline { color: #fff; font-size: 1.25rem !important; line-height: 1.5rem !important; font-weight: 400 !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { background-color: #144696; padding: 20px 9px 0px !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-link { color: #fff; font-size: 0.85rem !important; line-height: 1.5rem !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button { color: #fff; display: inline-block; background-color: #F58C21; border-radius: 6px; padding: 4px 8px 2px !important; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; transition: background-color .2s,color .2s; margin-top: 10px !important; margin-left: -20px; min-width: 134px; margin-bottom: -10px !important; } } header#masthead+.ad { display: flex !important; flex-wrap: wrap !important; align-content: center !important; justify-content: center !important; } </style> <!-- stylised AB premium gating message --> <style> .cappro-icons {display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; margin: 20px auto; padding: 10px;}.icon-list { width: 20%; max-width: 250px;}.icon-list img { width: 100px; display: flex; margin: 0 auto;} .icon-list p {text-align: center;} @media screen and (max-width: 800px){.icon-list { width: 80%; max-width: 500px; margin: 0 auto;}.cappro-icons {display: block;}} .cappro-button {background: #05998c !important; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin: 30px auto; padding: 10px; width: 300px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 0.95em; transition: all 0.25s ease;} .cappro-button:hover {background: #333 !important; transition: all 0.25s ease;} .icon-list-image {min-height: 120px;} @media screen and (min-width: 980px){ .cappro-button {margin: 30px auto; }} .cappro-button a {color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; } .cappro-button a:hover {text-decoration: none !important;} .cappro-subs-image { max-width: 640px; width: 100%; margin: 20px auto 40px;} @media screen and (max-width: 800px){ .cappro-subs-image { display: none;}} @media screen and (min-width: 801px){ .cappro-subs-image-mobile { display: none;}} .cappro-subs-image-mobile { max-width: 640px; width: 70%; margin: 20px auto;} </style> <!-- END stylised AB premium gating message --> <!-- START PowerBi Styling --> <style> button.bi-embed {float: right; margin-top: -15px;} .bi-report, .bi-landscape, .bi-portrait, .bi-portrait2, .bi-square, .bi-banner, .bi-banner2{ position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; margin-bottom:28px; } .bi-report{ padding-top: 56.25%; } .bi-landscape{ padding-top: 66.67%; } .bi-portrait{ padding-top: 150%; } .bi-portrait2{ padding-top: 120%; } .bi-square{ padding-top: 100%; } .bi-banner{ padding-top: 100%; } .bi-banner2{ padding-top: 27%; } @media screen and (min-width: 480px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 40%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1023px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 28%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 20%; } } .powerbi iframe{ border:1px solid #DCDCDC; } .powerbi.bi-banner iframe{ border:none; } .bi-report iframe, .bi-landscape iframe, .bi-portrait iframe, .bi-portrait2 iframe, .bi-square iframe, .bi-banner iframe, .bi-banner2 iframe{ position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .FG-CTA img {vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 5px;} .FG-CTA {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} .AB-CTA {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} .AB-CTA p {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} </style> <style> .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve #sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve .sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>a>span {padding: 13px 8px 12px 3px;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li.hasChildren>a>span {padding-right: 28px;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>a>span, .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>span {font-size: 1.35rem;} li.hasChildren:nth-child(9) {background: #AF151F !important; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;} .accessible-megamenu-1723133140706-15 {background: #AF151F !important; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;} </style> <!--<style> .masthead .menuContainer .desktopNavigation #mainnav > div.inner-sleeve > ul > li:nth-child(9) li.hasChildren:nth-child(9) {background: #7F8386;} #accessible-megamenu-1723131340862-15 {background: #7F8386;} #mainnav > div.inner-sleeve > ul > li:nth-child(9) {background: #7F8386;}</style>--> <!-- END PowerBi Styling --> <!-- Don't remove this script used on story promo --> <script> function getDataLayerVal(keyVal) { for (var i = 0, iL = window.dataLayer.length; i < iL; i++) { if (dataLayer[i][keyVal] !== undefined) { return dataLayer[i][keyVal]; } } } function getFullNavPath(path) { if(getDataLayerVal(path) !== undefined) { getDataLayerVal(path).split('|').join(' ').trim(); } } // Function to extract values from <meta> elements function getMetaContentByName(name,content){ var content = (content==null)?'content':content; return document.querySelector("meta[name='"+name+"']").getAttribute(content); } </script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@ungap/url-search-params@0.2.2/min.js"></script> <!-- Begin of setting Premium user --> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var notSignedIn = getDataLayerVal('prodid') == undefined ? true : false ; if(!notSignedIn){ var splitthis = getDataLayerVal('prodid').split('|'); var premium = splitthis.filter(function(number) { return number == '24'; }); if(premium.length != 0){ document.querySelector('body').classList.add("premium"); } else{ if(document.querySelector('body').classList.contains("premium")){ document.querySelector('body').classList.remove("premium"); } } } }) </script> <!-- End of setting Premium user --> <!-- Begin comScore Tag --> <script> function readCookie(cName) { var i, x, y, arRcookies = document.cookie.split(";"); for (i = 0; i < arRcookies.length; i++) { x = arRcookies[i].substr(0, arRcookies[i].indexOf("=")); y = arRcookies[i].substr(arRcookies[i].indexOf("=") + 1); x = x.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ""); if (x == cName) { return unescape(y); } } } var coms_ucfr = readCookie('rbi_cookies_accepted') == null ? 0 : 1; var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "32394014", cs_ucfr: coms_ucfr }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=32394014&cs_ucfr&cv=2.0&cj=1"> </noscript> <!-- End comScore Tag --> <!-- Google Ad Manager --> <script async='async' src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var pathname = window.location.pathname; var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var showwallpaper; if(document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]')) { showwallpaper = document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]').content; } googletag.cmd.push(function() { var screenwidth = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; var mapping1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[728, 90]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); var mapping2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250]]) .build(); var mapping3 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250]]) .build(); var mapWallpaper = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], []) // 1220, 0 .addSize([1220, 0], [1, 1]) .build(); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/topbanner', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/aix_lead1', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1713862524662-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/aix_lead2', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1713863021024-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar1', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar2', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1615375849628-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar3', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1669201998136-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/Navigation_bar_MPU', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-9331961-1') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/ConferencesandEvents_MPU', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-7383182-1') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop'); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop1'); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop2'); //mobile sticky (Mobile articles only) googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop3'); // Pass the dataLayer value element to DFP (to be used as a `key-value`) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("navcode",getMetaContentByName("navcode")); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("MicrositeNavCode",getDataLayerVal('MicrositeNavCode')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("articleid",getDataLayerVal('StoryID')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jobrole",getDataLayerVal('jobr')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("joblev",getDataLayerVal('jobl')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("orgtype",getDataLayerVal('orgtype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mainorgtype",getDataLayerVal('mainorgtype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sec0",getDataLayerVal('PrimaryNavCurrent')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("type",getDataLayerVal('Template')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("LoggedInStatus",getDataLayerVal('LoggedIn')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("AccessStatus",getDataLayerVal('AccessStatus')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("prodid",getDataLayerVal('prodid')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("usertype",getDataLayerVal('usertype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("ArticleName",getDataLayerVal('Headline')); //https://dvvfg.webvisioncloud.com/CMS/PageTextAddEdit.aspx?label=PageText&id=530&TB_iframe=true&width=800# googletag.pubads().setTargeting("Standfirst",getDataLayerVal('Standfirst')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("StoryCategories",getDataLayerVal('StoryCategories')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("fullnavpath", getFullNavPath('FullNavPath')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("SearchKeyword", urlParams.get('qkeyword')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("url",window.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('slug', document.location.pathname.substr(document.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/'))); // wallpaper // check if wallpaper is defined, is set to be shown on this page and screen width is greater than 1220 if (document.querySelector('#div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0') && showwallpaper && (window.innerWidth > 1220) && !dataLayer.some(function(el){return el&&'MicrositeNavCode' in el&&el.MicrositeNavCode=='200';})) { var wallpaperSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/Wallpaper', 'div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0').defineSizeMapping(mapWallpaper).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('url', document.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { //if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { if(document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad[data-site-width-1024]')) { document.body.classList.add('site-width-1024'); } if(showwallpaper === "true") { document.body.classList.add('wallpaper-applied'); $(window).trigger('wallpaper:advert'); } } }); }; googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 5, // Fetch slots within 5 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 5, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); //googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); //googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-fireplace' || event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { //if(event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { document.body.classList.add(event.data); positionWallpaperFromTop(); wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + 'px'; } } function positionWallpaperFromTop() { if(!window.IntersectionObserver) return; var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { if (entries[0].isIntersecting) { var wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = (document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + window.scrollY) + 'px' } else { document.querySelector('#wrapper_sleeve').style.top = '0'; } }); observer.observe(document.querySelector('#masthead')); } /* window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { document.body.className+=" wallpaper-standard"; wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().top + 'px'; } } */ /* window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-fireplace') document.body.className+=" wallpaper-fireplace"; if(document.body.className.match('wallpaper-fireplace')) { var mastHeight = document.querySelector('#masthead').offsetHeight, wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = mastHeight + 'px'; } } */ </script> <!-- END Google Ad Manager --> <meta name="showwallpaper" content="true"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5c4xBgNLIRH38KmfNP1CK-Gkf8SpaKde3E7uEyiLV8U" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bYUbjg-HKHXAQceTdE3EgN7dEtDGj-0UhYmY-LhfzdM" /> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <script data-ad-client="ca-pub-7045852503918369" async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!---OKO Interstitial START-- <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; // GPT ad slots var interstitialSlot, staticSlot; googletag.cmd.push(function() { // Define a web interstitial ad slot. interstitialSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot( '/13644946/dvv_interstitials', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.INTERSTITIAL); // Slot returns null if the page or device does not support interstitials. if (interstitialSlot) { interstitialSlot.addService(googletag.pubads()); console.log("Interstitial is loading..."); // Add event listener to enable navigation once the interstitial loads. // If this event doesn't fire, try clearing local storage and refreshing // the page. googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', function(event) { if (interstitialSlot === event.slot) { document.getElementById('link').style.display = 'block'; } }); } // Define static ad slots. staticSlot = googletag.defineSlot( '/13644946/dvv_interstitials', 'static-ad-1') .addService(googletag.pubads()); // Enable SRA and services. googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <style> #link { display: none; } div.content { position: fixed; top: 50%; } </style> <!--OKO Interstitial END--> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZO7jU7lHQGje6GaWB7_FG6S7nT47tc9ecF_zrjdIwzI" /> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '526026152009400'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=526026152009400&ev=PageView &noscript=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code --> <!-- AB Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T4GDCNK');</script> <!-- AB End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> </head> <body id="biography" class="M1-master js-disabled enhanced-advertising enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty no-directories"> <!-- AB Google Tag Manager original (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T4GDCNK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- AB End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- FG Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PQRKBK3" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End FG Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!--[if lte IE 10]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/CSS/dest/notsupported.css"> <div class="notSupported"> <div class="sleeve"> <span id="logo" class="vector-icon i-brand-logo i-brand-logo-dims"></span> <h2> Your browser is not supported </h2> <p> Sorry but it looks as if your browser is out of date. To get the best experience using our site we recommend that you upgrade or switch browsers. </p> <p class="buttonContainer"> <a class="button" href="https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=update+my+browser" target="_blank">Find a solution</a> </p> </div> </div> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript">document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('js-disabled', ''); document.cookie = "js=1; path=/";</script> <div id="wrapper"> <ul id="skiplinks"><li><a href="#wrapper_sleeve">Skip to main content</a></li><li><a href="#mainnav">Skip to navigation</a></li></ul> <header id="masthead" class="masthead"> <div class="htmlContent"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2'); }); </script> </div> <!--wallpaper--> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0" class="wallpaper-ad" data-site-width-1024> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0'); }); </script> </div> <!---OKO Interstitial test for TNUK--> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { // Ensure the first call to display comes after static ad slot // divs are defined. googletag.display(staticSlot); }); </script> </div> <div class="hot-topics-container container showMenuPushed"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="hot-topics-item"><svg id="hot-topics-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>hot-topics</title><path d="M.31,7.44,7.56,14.7A1,1,0,0,0,9,14.7H9L14.7,9h0a1,1,0,0,0,0-1.45L7.44.31A1,1,0,0,0,6.79,0H1A.92.92,0,0,0,.27.27h0A.92.92,0,0,0,0,1V6.65a1,1,0,0,0,0,.14H0A1,1,0,0,0,.31,7.44ZM2.39,5.3a2.07,2.07,0,1,1,2.93,0A2.07,2.07,0,0,1,2.39,5.3Z" fill="#ababab" /></svg><span>Trending now</span></li><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2024">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/podcast" class="newWindow">Airline Business podcast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts">First Flight - a new podcast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aix-2024">AIX 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/women-in-aviation/66.tag">Women in Aviation</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register">Sustainable Aviation newsletter</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2024-world-air-forces-directory/156008.article">2024 World Air Forces directory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/singapore-airshow-2024/111.tag">Singapore Airshow 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2023">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2023</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/programmes/last-of-the-jumbos-boeing-closes-chapter-with-final-747-delivery/151856.article">Final Boeing 747 delivery</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/what-lies-in-store-for-the-aviation-industry-in-2023/151124.article">2023 Industry forecast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/how-year-of-conflict-affected-world-air-forces-inventory/151113.article">2023 World Air Forces directory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/nbaa-2022">NBAA 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/farnborough-2022">Farnborough 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/shell-aviation-what-will-it-take-to-decarbonise-aviation">What will it take to Decarbonise Aviation?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aix/95.tag">AIX 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/ebace-2022">EBACE 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2022">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/88.tag">Ukraine crisis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/jobs/the-flightglobal-pilot-survey-2022/147230.article">The Pilot Survey 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/what-awaits-the-aviation-sector-in-2022/146889.article">What does the future of aviation look like in 2022?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article">World Air Forces directory 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/shell-aviation-what-will-it-take-to-decarbonise-aviation">Shell Aviation: What will it take to Decarbonise Aviation?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/edge-a-new-global-force-in-aerospace-and-defence">EDGE: A new global force in aerospace and defence</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/nbaa-2021">NBAA 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/world-airline-rankings-how-deeply-the-crisis-hit-the-industry-in-2020/145186.article">World Airline Rankings 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/iata-agm-2021">IATA AGM 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/top-100-aerospace-companies-ranked-by-revenue/145146.article">Top 100 aerospace companies</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/dsei-2021">DSEI 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/maks-2021">MAKS 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/paid-content/defending-across-the-domains/143815.article">Defending across the domains</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flightglobal-guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2021">FlightGlobal Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/737-max-two-years-on">737 Max: Two years on</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/the-pilot-survey-2021-report">The Pilot Survey 2021 Report</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/helicopter-report">Helicopter Report</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/">Sustainability at Paris</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mast container full" role="banner" data-multi-toggle-menu> <div class="inner-sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <div class="mastheadLogo"> <a href="/"> <span class="logoIcon"> <span class="assistive">Site name</span> </span> </a> </div> <div id="print_logo"> <img src="/magazine/dest/graphics/logo/print_logo.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="mastheadMobileLogo"> <a href="/"> <span class="logoIcon"> <span class="assistive">Site name</span> </span> </a> </div> <div class="mastControls"> <nav data-multi-toggle-item="" class="mastNav loggedout hide"><span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mastnav" data-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Mast navigation</span></a></span><ul id="mastnav" data-toggle-element=""><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubusernav">Subscribe</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register?campaigncode=fgregusernav&amp;returl=https://www.flightglobal.com">Register</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register?campaigncode=fgregusernav&amp;returl=https://www.flightglobal.com">Newsletters</a></li><li><a class="popup signIn" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/sign-in">Sign In</a></li></ul></nav> <div class="mastheadSearch hide" data-multi-toggle-item=""> <span class="toggleIcon"> <a href="#search" data-toggle-button=""> <span class="assistive">Search our site</span> </a> </span> <form action="https://www.flightglobal.com/searchresults" method="get" id="mastsearch" data-toggle-element=""> <fieldset> <div> <label for="search">Search our site</label> <input type="text" id="search" value="" name="qkeyword" class="text" placeholder="Search our site" /> <button class="mastSearch" type="submit">Search</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="menuToggle"> <span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Menu</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menuContainer"> <div class="mobileMenu" id="mobilemenu"> <div class="sleeve"> <a class="menuClose" href="#wrapper"> <span>Close<span class="assistive"> menu</span></span> </a> <ul class="main"> <li class="home-icon"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news" aria-expanded="false"> <span>News</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Aerospace</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace"> <span>Aerospace</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/mro"> <span>MRO</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/systems-and-interiors"> <span>Systems & Interiors</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/helicopters"> <span>Helicopters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/space"> <span>Space</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/civil-uavs"> <span>Civil UAVs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Air transport</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport"> <span>Air transport</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/airframers"> <span>Airframers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/engines"> <span>Engines</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/programmes"> <span>Programmes</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/orders-and-deliveries"> <span>Orders & Deliveries</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/safety"> <span>Safety</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/business-aviation"> <span>Business aviation</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Region</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region"> <span>Region</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/europe"> <span>Europe</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/africa"> <span>Africa</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/north-america"> <span>North America</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/latin-america"> <span>Latin America</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/asia-pacific"> <span>Asia Pacific</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/middle-east"> <span>Middle East</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/analysis"> <span>Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/interviews"> <span>Interviews</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/opinion"> <span>Opinion</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/in-depth"> <span>In depth</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Airlines</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines"> <span>Airlines</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/strategy"> <span>Strategy</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/networks"> <span>Networks</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fleets"> <span>Fleets</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Defence</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence"> <span>Defence</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/helicopters"> <span>Helicopters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/fixed-wing"> <span>Fixed-Wing</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/military-uavs"> <span>Military UAVs</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/2025-world-air-forces-directory/160846.article"> <span>2025 World Air Forces directory</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Flight International</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international"> <span>Flight International</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe" class="newWindow"> <span>Subscribe to Flight International</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/flight-international-opinion"> <span>Flight International Opinion</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/110-years-of-flight"> <span>110 years of Flight</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/airbus-at-50"> <span>Airbus at 50</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/honeywell-shaping-the-future"> <span>Honeywell: Shaping the Future</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/cae-skys-no-limit"> <span>CAE: Sky's no limit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Events & webinars</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars"> <span>Events & webinars</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/upcoming-webinars"> <span>Upcoming webinars</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/on-demand-webinars"> <span>On demand webinars</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=navbar " class="newWindow"> <span>Jobs</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubmast" class="newWindow"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business" class="newWindow"> <span>Airline Business</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobileMenuClose"></div> <div id="mainnav" class="desktopNavigation container" data-menu-open-pushed=""><div class="dropdown vanityPanel"><div class="inner-sleeve"></div></div><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul class="main preJS"><li data-navcode="2" data-rootnavcode="2" class="current home-icon"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li data-navcode="31" data-rootnavcode="31" class="hasChildren fourSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news"><span>News</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="43" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace"><span>Aerospace</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="82" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/mro"><span>MRO</span></a></li><li data-navcode="83" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/systems-and-interiors"><span>Systems & Interiors</span></a></li><li data-navcode="84" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/helicopters"><span>Helicopters</span></a></li><li data-navcode="85" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/space"><span>Space</span></a></li><li data-navcode="86" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/civil-uavs"><span>Civil UAVs</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="46" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport"><span>Air transport</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="118" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/airframers"><span>Airframers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="119" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/engines"><span>Engines</span></a></li><li data-navcode="120" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/programmes"><span>Programmes</span></a></li><li data-navcode="121" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/orders-and-deliveries"><span>Orders & Deliveries</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="47" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/safety"><span>Safety</span></a></li><li data-navcode="114" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/business-aviation"><span>Business aviation</span></a></li><li data-navcode="69" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region"><span>Region</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="70" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/europe"><span>Europe</span></a></li><li data-navcode="71" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/africa"><span>Africa</span></a></li><li data-navcode="72" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/north-america"><span>North America</span></a></li><li data-navcode="73" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/latin-america"><span>Latin America</span></a></li><li data-navcode="74" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/asia-pacific"><span>Asia Pacific</span></a></li><li data-navcode="75" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/middle-east"><span>Middle East</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="100" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/analysis"><span>Analysis</span></a></li><li data-navcode="102" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/interviews"><span>Interviews</span></a></li><li data-navcode="98" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/opinion"><span>Opinion</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/in-depth"><span>In depth</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="450" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="44" data-rootnavcode="44" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines"><span>Airlines</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="79" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li data-navcode="233" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/networks"><span>Networks</span></a></li><li data-navcode="132" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fleets"><span>Fleets</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/programmes/the-electric-aircraft-developers-with-connections-to-bankrupt-battery-maker-northvolt/160909.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/5/1/7/106517_ha_x1exteriorcheartaerospace_203897.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="HA_X1 Exterior-c-Heart Aerospace"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">The electric aircraft developers with connections to bankrupt battery maker Northvolt</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/aerospace/vertical-chief-eyes-future-investment-after-tough-but-friendly-talks-unlock-balance-sheet/160900.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/9/8/106498_vx4phase21cverticalaerospace_772484.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="VX4 Phase 2 - 1-c-Vertical Aerospace"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Vertical chief eyes future investment after ‘tough but friendly’ talks unlock balance sheet</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/air-transport/heart-aerospace-picks-plattsburgh-for-hx-1s-first-flight/160886.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/6/8/106468_heartaerospace_x1cheartaerospace_330335.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="HeartAerospace_X1-c-Heart Aerospace"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Heart Aerospace picks Plattsburgh for HX-1’s first flight</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="45" data-rootnavcode="45" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence"><span>Defence</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="116" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/helicopters"><span>Helicopters</span></a></li><li data-navcode="115" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/fixed-wing"><span>Fixed-Wing</span></a></li><li data-navcode="117" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/military-uavs"><span>Military UAVs</span></a></li><li data-navcode="315" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/2025-world-air-forces-directory/160846.article"><span>2025 World Air Forces directory</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fixed-wing/turkey-drops-plan-to-purchase-f-16-block-70-upgrade-kits-opting-for-domestic-improvement-work/160908.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/5/0/9/106509_turkeyf16cvaalaa_shutterstock_670878.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Turkey F-16-c-vaalaa_Shutterstock"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Turkey drops plan to purchase F-16 Block 70 upgrade kits, opting for domestic improvement work</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fixed-wing/us-air-force-seeks-new-runway-independent-regional-airlifter/160907.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/5/1/6/106516_c130jparatrooperloadingcusaf_454237.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="C-130J paratrooper loading c USAF"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">US Air Force seeks new ‘runway independent’ regional airlifter</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fixed-wing/us-p-8a-transits-taiwan-strait-with-chinese-aircraft-shadowing/160901.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/9/9/106499_p8animitzflybycusnavy_399497.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="P-8A Nimitz flyby c US Navy"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">US P-8A transits Taiwan Strait with Chinese aircraft shadowing</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="245" data-rootnavcode="245" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international"><span>Flight International</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="67" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe" class="newWindow"><span>Subscribe to Flight International</span></a></li><li data-navcode="153" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/flight-international-opinion"><span>Flight International Opinion</span></a></li><li data-navcode="113" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/110-years-of-flight"><span>110 years of Flight</span></a></li><li data-navcode="140" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/airbus-at-50"><span>Airbus at 50</span></a></li><li data-navcode="148" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/honeywell-shaping-the-future"><span>Honeywell: Shaping the Future</span></a></li><li data-navcode="159" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/cae-skys-no-limit"><span>CAE: Sky's no limit</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/defence/how-the-global-military-fleet-shapes-up-in-our-2025-world-air-forces-review/160844.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/7/4/106374_f35acusairforce_122137.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="USAF F-35A"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">How the global military fleet shapes up in our 2025 World Air Forces review</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/strategy/flying-747s-at-age-23-how-paola-velasco-shattered-biases-in-bolivias-airline-industry/160215.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/7/7/105377_paolavelascowia1007242_286090.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Former BoA captain Paola Velasco"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Flying 747s at age 23: how Paola Velasco shattered biases in Bolivia’s airline industry</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airframers/cash-positions-increasingly-critical-for-us-electric-air-taxi-developers/160652.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/0/5/4/106054_trioofjobyaircraft_852678.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Trio of Joby aircraft"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Cash positions increasingly critical for US electric air taxi developers</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="110" data-rootnavcode="110" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars"><span>Events & webinars</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="162" data-rootnavcode="110" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/upcoming-webinars"><span>Upcoming webinars</span></a></li><li data-navcode="164" data-rootnavcode="110" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/on-demand-webinars"><span>On demand webinars</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/events-and-webinars/meet-the-airline-sustainability-leaders/160882.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/5/4/1/106541_fi2024047_airlinesustainability_banners_1376x928_821572.png" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Fi2024-047_AirlineSustainability_banners_1376 x 928"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Meet the airline sustainability leaders</span><span class="author">Exclusive partner <span class="noLink">Honeywell</span></span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/events-and-webinars/navigating-the-path-to-certification-for-electric-aircraft/160665.article" class="image layoutIcon videoLayout"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/0/7/1/106071_fi2024046_bae__1376x928_614917.png" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Fi2024-046_BAE__1376 x 928"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Navigating the path to certification for electric aircraft</span><span class="author">Paid content by <span class="noLink">BAE Systems</span></span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/events-and-webinars/how-ai-is-revolutionizing-aviation-weather/160469.article" class="image layoutIcon videoLayout"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/7/6/9/105769_fi2024044_twc__1376x928px_253680.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Fi2024-044_TWC__1376-x-928px"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">How AI is revolutionizing aviation weather</span><span class="author">Exclusive partner <span class="noLink">The Weather Company</span></span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="130" data-rootnavcode="130" class="hasChildren"><a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=navbar " class="newWindow"><span>Jobs</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/jobs/maintenance-repair-and-overhaul/" data-story="157748" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/5/101425_274x183engineerx2_520377.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="274 x 183 Engineer x2"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Search for MRO Jobs</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/jobs/flight-crew/" data-story="157747" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/3/101423_pilot274x183_23160.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Pilot 274 x 183"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Search for Flight Crew Jobs</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://recruiters.flightglobal.com/pricing/" data-story="157746" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/1/101421_274x183engineer_748514.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="274 x 183 Engineer"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">FlightJobs Recruiter Centre</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/careers/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=navbarboxcareers" data-story="136321"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/6/6/2/67662_thelatestaviationcareersnewsnew_121564.png" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="The latest aviation careers news - NEW"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">The latest careers advice & news</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="229" data-rootnavcode="229"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubmast" class="newWindow"><span>Subscribe</span></a></li><li data-navcode="487" data-rootnavcode="487" class="hasChildren"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business" class="newWindow"><span>Airline Business</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airlines/klm-rolls-out-450m-efficiency-plan-to-tackle-costs-challenges/160178.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/2/4/105324_klma321neoheadoncklm_711775.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="KLM A321neo head-on-c-KLM"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">KLM rolls out €450m efficiency plan to tackle costs challenges</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airframers/after-its-latest-low-is-boeing-ready-to-turn-the-corner/159139.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/7/0/5/103705_737max10cairteamimages_215921.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="737 Max 10"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">After its latest low, is Boeing ready to turn the corner?</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/interviews/airlink-takes-stock-after-making-its-name-in-south-african-market/157122.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/1/100421_rodgerfostercairlink_71410.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Airlink chief executive"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Airlink takes stock after making its name in South African market</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/analysis/new-product-enhancements-lead-qantas-charm-offensive-as-first-half-profits-slip/157073.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/2/1/100321_qantaslinkairbusa220_17149_crop.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="QantasLink Airbus A220"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">New product enhancements lead Qantas charm offensive as first half profits slip</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="more hide"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button="" aria-expanded="false"><span> More from<span class="assistive"> navigation items</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="desktopNavigationSpace"></div> </div> </header> <div class="adwrap_leader ad showMenuPushed"> <div class="" data-a-menu-open-pushed="true"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1'); }); </script> </div> </div></div> <!--style="position: relative; margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px;"--> <div id="wrapper_sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <div id="columns" class="container"> <div id="colwrapper" class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="colmain" role="main"> <div id="content"> <div id="content_sleeve"> <div class="contentWrapper"><div class="bioIntro"><div class="inlineLeft"><img alt="Pilar Wolfsteller" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 80px, 180px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/80x80/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Fz%2Fi%2Fj%2Fpilarpic_407839.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/80x80/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Fz%2Fi%2Fj%2Fpilarpic_407839.jpg 80w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/180x180/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Fz%2Fi%2Fj%2Fpilarpic_407839.jpg 180w" width="80" height="80" class="lazyloaded" /></div><div class="details"><h1>Pilar Wolfsteller</h1><p>Pilar Wolfsteller, European Aviation Editor, joined FlightGlobal in 2019. She covers all aspects of the industry including airlines, future-oriented sustainable aviation technology, advanced air mobility projects, aviation safety and pilot training topics. Pilar is also a passionate aviator, and holds flight instructor (CFI) and commercial pilot certificates. She began her journalism career at the global news agencies Bloomberg and Reuters, and has reported from more than 50 countries.</p><div class="socialMediaLinks"> <ul> <li class="social-media-title">Follow</li> <li><a href="https://www.twitter.com/@PWolfsteller" class="twitter" target="_blank"></a></li> </ul> </div></div></div><div class="contactInfo"><h2>Contact info</h2><dl><dt>Email:</dt><dd><a href="mailto:pilar.wolfsteller@flightglobal.com">pilar.wolfsteller@flightglobal.com</a></dd></dl></div><div class="content"><div class="listBlocks"><ul><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/volocopter-names-ex-lilium-finance-chief-vogelgesang-as-new-cfo/160797.article" class="image"><img alt="VoloCity Paris 2023" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/9/7/106297_volocityparis2023csiae_802716.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/9/7/106297_volocityparis2023csiae_802716.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/2/9/7/106297_volocityparis2023csiae_802716.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/2/9/7/106297_volocityparis2023csiae_802716.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/2/9/7/106297_volocityparis2023csiae_802716.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/volocopter-names-ex-lilium-finance-chief-vogelgesang-as-new-cfo/160797.article">Volocopter names ex-Lilium finance chief Vogelgesang as new CFO</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-18T15:45:00&quot;}">2024-11-18T15:45:00</span></p><p>Volocopter has named ex-Lilium executive Oliver Vogelgesang as its new chief financial officer, effective immediately.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/gol-reaches-debt-equity-deal-with-abra-group-for-chapter-11-exit-plan/160622.article" class="image"><img alt="Gol Boeing 737" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/4/106004_golboeing737_950941.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/4/106004_golboeing737_950941.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/0/4/106004_golboeing737_950941.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/0/4/106004_golboeing737_950941.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/0/4/106004_golboeing737_950941.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/gol-reaches-debt-equity-deal-with-abra-group-for-chapter-11-exit-plan/160622.article">Gol reaches debt-equity deal with Abra Group for Chapter 11 exit plan</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-07T09:31:00&quot;}">2024-11-07T09:31:00</span></p><p>Brazil’s Gol and Abra group, the airline’s majority investor, have reached an agreement that will eliminate up to $2.55 billion in debt from the carrier’s books.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/latam-airlines-group-lifts-outlook-after-third-quarter-profit-rises-to-301m/160631.article" class="image"><img alt="LATAM Airlines Airbus A320neo" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/2/0/106020_latamairlinesairbusa320neo_636350.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/2/0/106020_latamairlinesairbusa320neo_636350.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/2/0/106020_latamairlinesairbusa320neo_636350.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/2/0/106020_latamairlinesairbusa320neo_636350.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/2/0/106020_latamairlinesairbusa320neo_636350.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/latam-airlines-group-lifts-outlook-after-third-quarter-profit-rises-to-301m/160631.article">LATAM Airlines Group lifts outlook after third-quarter profit rises to $301m</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-07T08:29:00&quot;}">2024-11-07T08:29:00</span></p><p><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/latam-airlines-group/13437.subject" rel="intextlink_0">LATAM Airlines</a>&nbsp;Group profit during the third quarter of 2024 rose to $301 million as the company managed to hold costs in check and profited from greater demand for air travel.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/fleets/flybondi-to-wet-lease-two-boeing-737s-from-albastar/160618.article" class="image"><img alt="Flota de Albastar (3)" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/1/106001_flotadealbastar3_886071.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/0/0/1/106001_flotadealbastar3_886071.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/0/0/1/106001_flotadealbastar3_886071.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/0/0/1/106001_flotadealbastar3_886071.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/0/0/1/106001_flotadealbastar3_886071.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/fleets/flybondi-to-wet-lease-two-boeing-737s-from-albastar/160618.article">Flybondi to wet-lease two Boeing 737s from AlbaStar</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-06T09:30:00&quot;}">2024-11-06T09:30:00</span></p><p>Argentine ultra-low-cost carrier FlyBondi has entered into its first wet-leasing agreement with the Spanish airline AlbaStar.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fraport-calls-on-german-politicians-to-lower-fees-in-frankfurt-as-passenger-numbers-stall/160609.article" class="image"><img alt="Frankfurt airport-c-Fraport" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/8/8/105988_frankfurtairportcfraport_761411.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/8/8/105988_frankfurtairportcfraport_761411.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/9/8/8/105988_frankfurtairportcfraport_761411.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/9/8/8/105988_frankfurtairportcfraport_761411.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/9/8/8/105988_frankfurtairportcfraport_761411.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fraport-calls-on-german-politicians-to-lower-fees-in-frankfurt-as-passenger-numbers-stall/160609.article">Fraport calls on German politicians to lower fees in Frankfurt as passenger numbers stall</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-05T16:38:00&quot;}">2024-11-05T16:38:00</span></p><p>Airport operator&nbsp;Fraport&nbsp;says costs at its flagship airport in Frankfurt are hindering growth and preventing the facility from returning to its pre-Covid-19 passenger figures.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/uncertainty-breeds-frustration-but-also-resilience-iatas-walsh/160603.article" class="image"><img alt="Willie Walsh 10" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/7/7/105977_williewalsh10_611945.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/9/7/7/105977_williewalsh10_611945.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/9/7/7/105977_williewalsh10_611945.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/9/7/7/105977_williewalsh10_611945.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/9/7/7/105977_williewalsh10_611945.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/uncertainty-breeds-frustration-but-also-resilience-iatas-walsh/160603.article">Uncertainty breeds frustration, but also resilience: IATA’s Walsh</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-11-05T14:13:00&quot;}">2024-11-05T14:13:00</span></p><p>The uncertainty that the airline industry is having to deal with since the end of the Covid-19 pandemic – delivery delays, taxation hikes, geopolitical instability – has made it more difficult for managers to plan, but it has also made the entire segment more resilient, IATA director general Willie Walsh tells Airline Business&nbsp;</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/walsh-warns-aviation-supply-chain-issues-could-last-up-to-five-more-years/160519.article" class="image"><img alt="IATA Willie Walsh at ALTA" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/3/4/105834_iatawilliewalshatalta_401693.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/3/4/105834_iatawilliewalshatalta_401693.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/3/4/105834_iatawilliewalshatalta_401693.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/3/4/105834_iatawilliewalshatalta_401693.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/3/4/105834_iatawilliewalshatalta_401693.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/walsh-warns-aviation-supply-chain-issues-could-last-up-to-five-more-years/160519.article">Walsh warns aviation supply chain issues could last up to five more years</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-29T22:15:00&quot;}">2024-10-29T22:15:00</span></p><p>IATA director general Willie Walsh says that supply chain issues in the aviation industry will continue for up to five more years, causing frustration among airline managers and further pushing back a full post-Covid-19 recovery.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/latin-leaders-on-why-regions-airlines-should-be-telling-a-better-story/160514.article" class="image"><img alt="20241029_103951" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/3/2/105832_20241029_103951_656549.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/3/2/105832_20241029_103951_656549.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/3/2/105832_20241029_103951_656549.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/3/2/105832_20241029_103951_656549.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/3/2/105832_20241029_103951_656549.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/latin-leaders-on-why-regions-airlines-should-be-telling-a-better-story/160514.article">Latin leaders on why region’s airlines should be telling a better story</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-29T18:24:00&quot;}">2024-10-29T18:24:00</span></p><p>Latin American Airlines need to tell a better story so that the region’s governments will be more amenable to creating policies that would make it easier for the carriers to operate, and for their populations to benefit from air travel.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/bahamasair-chief-cooper-has-caribbean-hub-ambitions/160195.article" class="image"><img alt="Bahamasair chief executive" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/2/5/105425_tracycoopercalta_963904.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/2/5/105425_tracycoopercalta_963904.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/4/2/5/105425_tracycoopercalta_963904.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/4/2/5/105425_tracycoopercalta_963904.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/4/2/5/105425_tracycoopercalta_963904.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/bahamasair-chief-cooper-has-caribbean-hub-ambitions/160195.article">Bahamasair chief Cooper has Caribbean hub ambitions</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-29T13:00:00&quot;}">2024-10-29T13:00:00</span></p><p>As host of the 20th ALTA AGM and Airline Leaders Forum this week, Bahamasair has itself a lot to celebrate.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/latin-american-and-caribbean-airlines-leaders-talk-connectivity-and-regulation/160490.article" class="image"><img alt="ALTA opening press conference" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/5/3/105853_54102465734_58ea84d6b9_o_990141.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/5/3/105853_54102465734_58ea84d6b9_o_990141.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/5/3/105853_54102465734_58ea84d6b9_o_990141.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/5/3/105853_54102465734_58ea84d6b9_o_990141.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/5/3/105853_54102465734_58ea84d6b9_o_990141.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/1016.type" class="storyType">Analysis</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/latin-american-and-caribbean-airlines-leaders-talk-connectivity-and-regulation/160490.article">Latin American and Caribbean airlines leaders talk connectivity and regulation</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-28T20:24:00&quot;}">2024-10-28T20:24:00</span></p><p>Latin American and Caribbean airline leaders have arrived in the Bahamas for their annual meeting, hoping to use the 20th edition of the ALTA AGM and Leaders’ Forum to highlight the industry’s needs in a region that promises massive growth potential.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/fleets/chiles-latam-airlines-group-orders-10-more-boeing-787-dreamliners/160488.article" class="image"><img alt="Foto - Boeing 787-9" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/0/0/105800_fotoboeing7879_603501.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/8/0/0/105800_fotoboeing7879_603501.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/8/0/0/105800_fotoboeing7879_603501.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/8/0/0/105800_fotoboeing7879_603501.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/8/0/0/105800_fotoboeing7879_603501.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/fleets/chiles-latam-airlines-group-orders-10-more-boeing-787-dreamliners/160488.article">Chile’s LATAM Airlines Group orders 10 more Boeing 787 Dreamliners</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-28T15:21:00&quot;}">2024-10-28T15:21:00</span></p><p>LATAM Airlines Group has ordered ten more Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft, with options to acquire additional widebody jets.&nbsp;</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/alta-chief-highlights-caribbean-potential-as-he-insists-airlines-are-not-cash-cows/160130.article" class="image"><img alt="ALTA" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/0/2/105402_botelhoinsidecalta_117285_crop.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/0/2/105402_botelhoinsidecalta_117285_crop.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/4/0/2/105402_botelhoinsidecalta_117285_crop.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/4/0/2/105402_botelhoinsidecalta_117285_crop.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/4/0/2/105402_botelhoinsidecalta_117285_crop.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/interviews/alta-chief-highlights-caribbean-potential-as-he-insists-airlines-are-not-cash-cows/160130.article">ALTA chief highlights Caribbean potential as he insists airlines are not ‘cash cows’</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-28T12:38:00&quot;}">2024-10-28T12:38:00</span></p><p>As the airline association gathers in Nassau, its chief executive Jose Ricardo Botelho outlines untapped opportunities in the event’s host region and concerns about Latin American government attitudes towards aviation</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/american-turns-course-to-focus-on-higher-yielding-managed-and-corporate-travel/160467.article" class="image"><img alt="American Airlines Boeing 787-8 2020" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/6/5/105765_dk6a4252a_506770.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/6/5/105765_dk6a4252a_506770.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/6/5/105765_dk6a4252a_506770.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/6/5/105765_dk6a4252a_506770.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/6/5/105765_dk6a4252a_506770.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/american-turns-course-to-focus-on-higher-yielding-managed-and-corporate-travel/160467.article">American turns course to focus on higher-yielding managed and corporate travel</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-25T12:53:00&quot;}">2024-10-25T12:53:00</span></p><p>American Airlines has begun to shift its distribution and sales strategy back to agencies and corporate buyers with the hope of boosting revenue earned from business travellers, after losing market share to industry peers.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/american-salvages-third-quarter-in-the-face-of-disruptive-events/160451.article" class="image"><img alt="American Airlines Boeing 777-300ER 2020" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/4/8/105748_dk6a4838a_893755.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/4/8/105748_dk6a4838a_893755.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/4/8/105748_dk6a4838a_893755.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/4/8/105748_dk6a4838a_893755.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/4/8/105748_dk6a4838a_893755.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/american-salvages-third-quarter-in-the-face-of-disruptive-events/160451.article">American salvages third quarter in the face of disruptive events</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-24T12:18:00&quot;}">2024-10-24T12:18:00</span></p><p>American Airlines was able to quickly recover from several disruptive events during the third quarter to report marginally higher revenue, expenses and capacity across both its domestic and international networks.&nbsp;</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/volaris-weathers-pratt-gtf-storm-and-expects-continuity-from-new-mexican-president/160441.article" class="image"><img alt="Volaris A320" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/4/0/105740_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/4/0/105740_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/4/0/105740_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/4/0/105740_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/4/0/105740_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/1030.type" class="storyType">Airline Business</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis/volaris-weathers-pratt-gtf-storm-and-expects-continuity-from-new-mexican-president/160441.article">Volaris weathers Pratt GTF storm and expects continuity from new Mexican president</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-24T09:23:00&quot;}">2024-10-24T09:23:00</span></p><p>Mexican ultra low-cost carrier Volaris is digging itself out of a hole caused by Pratt &amp; Whitney’s geared turbofan&nbsp;engine recall, shifting capacity into US markets, and expecting stability and continuation in aviation policy from the country’s new president</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/engines/all-systems-verdego-for-hybrid-electric-powerplant-developer/160229.article" class="image"><img alt="Hybrid-electric aircraft transition" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/5/0/105450_transitioncverdego_117088.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/4/5/0/105450_transitioncverdego_117088.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/4/5/0/105450_transitioncverdego_117088.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/4/5/0/105450_transitioncverdego_117088.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/4/5/0/105450_transitioncverdego_117088.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/engines/all-systems-verdego-for-hybrid-electric-powerplant-developer/160229.article">All systems VerdeGo for hybrid-electric powerplant developer</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-24T08:28:00&quot;}">2024-10-24T08:28:00</span></p><p>Florida-based VerdeGo Aero is upping the pace of developing and testing its hybrid-electric powerplants, as civilian and military interest in the next generation of flight propulsion takes off.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/us-dot-fines-american-airlines-50m-for-violating-disabled-passengers-rights/160424.article" class="image"><img alt="2K4A3209" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/1/2/105712_2k4a3209_496250.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/1/2/105712_2k4a3209_496250.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/1/2/105712_2k4a3209_496250.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/1/2/105712_2k4a3209_496250.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/1/2/105712_2k4a3209_496250.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/us-dot-fines-american-airlines-50m-for-violating-disabled-passengers-rights/160424.article">US DOT fines American Airlines $50m for violating disabled passengers’ rights</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-23T19:43:00&quot;}">2024-10-23T19:43:00</span></p><p>The US Department of Transportation (DOT) has slapped American Airlines with a civil penalty of $50 million for “numerous serious violations of the laws protecting airline passengers with disabilities”.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/mexicos-volaris-reports-profit-of-37-million-during-the-third-quarter/160420.article" class="image"><img alt="Volaris A320" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/0/5/105705_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/7/0/5/105705_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/7/0/5/105705_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/7/0/5/105705_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/7/0/5/105705_volariscreditontherunphotoshutterstock_794120_crop.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/strategy/mexicos-volaris-reports-profit-of-37-million-during-the-third-quarter/160420.article">Mexico’s Volaris reports profit of $37 million during the third quarter</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-23T14:13:00&quot;}">2024-10-23T14:13:00</span></p><p><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/volaris/17131.subject" rel="intextlink_0">Volaris</a>&nbsp;posted a profit of $37 million as it continued to deal with fallout relating to the&nbsp;Pratt&nbsp;&amp; Whitney engine inspections that have affected its Airbus&nbsp;A320-family fleet.&nbsp;</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/embraer-delivers-57-jets-in-the-third-quarter-up-from-43-last-year/160366.article" class="image"><img alt="Embraer Praetor 600" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/3/2/105632_praetor600cembraer_836152.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/6/3/2/105632_praetor600cembraer_836152.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/6/3/2/105632_praetor600cembraer_836152.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/6/3/2/105632_praetor600cembraer_836152.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/6/3/2/105632_praetor600cembraer_836152.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/embraer-delivers-57-jets-in-the-third-quarter-up-from-43-last-year/160366.article">Embraer delivers 57 jets in the third quarter, up from 43 last year</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-21T10:50:00&quot;}">2024-10-21T10:50:00</span></p><p>Brazilian airframer Embraer delivered 57 jets in the third quarter of 2024, one-third more than during the equivalent three-month period in 2023, and 24% more than the previous quarter.</p></div></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/german-government-denies-lilium-50-million-loan/160344.article" class="image"><img alt="20240605_093508" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 100px, (max-width: 1179px) 220px, 280px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/5/9/6/105596_20240605_093508_866025.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/5/9/6/105596_20240605_093508_866025.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/172x115/5/9/6/105596_20240605_093508_866025.jpg 172w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x148/5/9/6/105596_20240605_093508_866025.jpg 220w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280x188/5/9/6/105596_20240605_093508_866025.jpg 280w" width="100" height="67" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div class="storyDetails"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a><h3><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/german-government-denies-lilium-50-million-loan/160344.article">German government denies Lilium €50 million loan</a></h3><p class="meta"><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{&quot;publishdate&quot;: &quot;2024-10-18T07:24:00&quot;}">2024-10-18T07:24:00</span></p><p>The German government has denied air taxi developer Lilium a&nbsp;€50 million state loan guarantee, casting the company’s future into jeopardy.</p></div></li></ul><p class="more"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/pilar-wolfsteller/449.contributor"> More by Pilar Wolfsteller</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rightcolumn" class="fixedrightcolumn rightcolumn"> <div id="rightcolumn_sleeve"> <!--sidebar1 Ad--> <!-- GPT AdSlot 1 for Ad unit 'FlightGlobal/sidebar1' ### Size: [[300,250]] --> <div class="adwrap_MPU"><div class="ad"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End AdSlot 1 --> <div id="rhcreflow-desktop"> <div class="" data-reflow-content="" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/ajax/most?rhs=1&storypage=1"></div> </div> <!-- Marketplace Recommendations --> <!--<div class="ad"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-7135676-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7135676-1'); }); </script> </div> </div>--> <!-- Marketplace Recommendations --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_ad"> <div class="footer_ad_strip"> <div class="ad"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container footerTopNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="nav topNav"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/contact-us">Contact us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/about-us">About us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/media-centre/">Advertise with us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/" class="newWindow">Jobs</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/conferences-and-events">Conferences and Events</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134637.article">Newsletters</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/paid-content">Paid content</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports">Reports</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-col-1"> <header> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="279" height="70.626" viewBox="0 0 279 70.626"> <g id="FlightGlobalLogo" transform="translate(-128 -3411.612)"> <path id="Path_1" data-name="Path 1" d="M26.722,5.271v6.505H38.161V23.215h6.505V5.271Z" transform="translate(131.339 3406.341)" fill="#1cb8ff"/> <path id="Path_2" data-name="Path 2" d="M31.34,35.452H13.012V22.7H31.327V16.18L6.493,16.2V57.614h6.519V41.971H31.34Z" transform="translate(121.507 3411.643)" fill="#fff"/> <g id="Group_1" data-name="Group 1" transform="translate(258.955 3427.941)"> <path id="Path_3" data-name="Path 3" d="M131.291,54.427a33.633,33.633,0,0,1-16.108,3.849,22.779,22.779,0,0,1-8.277-1.456A18.556,18.556,0,0,1,96.158,46.29a21.6,21.6,0,0,1-1.54-8.3,22.536,22.536,0,0,1,1.54-8.494,19.039,19.039,0,0,1,4.262-6.516,18.7,18.7,0,0,1,6.486-4.15,22.779,22.779,0,0,1,8.277-1.458,31.437,31.437,0,0,1,8.356,1.073,17.192,17.192,0,0,1,6.983,3.822l-5.113,5.168a12.817,12.817,0,0,0-4.535-2.806,16.079,16.079,0,0,0-5.636-.99,13.483,13.483,0,0,0-5.47,1.073,12.5,12.5,0,0,0-4.207,2.969,13.458,13.458,0,0,0-2.721,4.425,15.142,15.142,0,0,0-.961,5.443,16.691,16.691,0,0,0,.961,5.773,13.522,13.522,0,0,0,2.721,4.564,12.621,12.621,0,0,0,4.207,3.024,13.176,13.176,0,0,0,5.47,1.1,23.973,23.973,0,0,0,4.975-.5,14.111,14.111,0,0,0,4.152-1.54V40.792h-7.973V34.524h14.9Z" transform="translate(-94.618 -15.72)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_4" data-name="Path 4" d="M122.539,16.259h6.6V57.826h-6.6Z" transform="translate(-81.048 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_5" data-name="Path 5" d="M129.2,39.883a13.945,13.945,0,0,1,1.128-5.69,13.256,13.256,0,0,1,3.051-4.372,13.447,13.447,0,0,1,4.564-2.8,16.381,16.381,0,0,1,11.215,0,13.453,13.453,0,0,1,4.565,2.8,13.3,13.3,0,0,1,3.051,4.372,14.92,14.92,0,0,1,0,11.381,13.278,13.278,0,0,1-3.051,4.37,13.453,13.453,0,0,1-4.565,2.8,16.381,16.381,0,0,1-11.215,0,13.447,13.447,0,0,1-4.564-2.8,13.234,13.234,0,0,1-3.051-4.37A13.952,13.952,0,0,1,129.2,39.883Zm6.6,0a8.538,8.538,0,0,0,.523,2.971,7.418,7.418,0,0,0,1.538,2.528,7.8,7.8,0,0,0,11.381,0,7.445,7.445,0,0,0,1.54-2.528,8.692,8.692,0,0,0,0-5.94,7.466,7.466,0,0,0-1.54-2.529,7.8,7.8,0,0,0-11.381,0,7.439,7.439,0,0,0-1.538,2.529A8.536,8.536,0,0,0,135.8,39.883Z" transform="translate(-77.809 -11.512)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_6" data-name="Path 6" d="M150.6,16.259h6.6V34.788h.165a9.382,9.382,0,0,1,1.265-1.346,10.05,10.05,0,0,1,1.868-1.291,11.287,11.287,0,0,1,2.531-.99,12.7,12.7,0,0,1,3.3-.386,12.37,12.37,0,0,1,5.17,1.073,12.052,12.052,0,0,1,4.04,2.941,13.576,13.576,0,0,1,2.611,4.4,15.6,15.6,0,0,1,.935,5.443,16.451,16.451,0,0,1-.88,5.445,12.567,12.567,0,0,1-2.584,4.4,12.188,12.188,0,0,1-4.122,2.941,13.3,13.3,0,0,1-5.443,1.071,12.456,12.456,0,0,1-5.223-1.1,8.481,8.481,0,0,1-3.85-3.519h-.108v3.959H150.6ZM172.483,44.63a8.569,8.569,0,0,0-.523-2.969,7.464,7.464,0,0,0-1.54-2.529,7.8,7.8,0,0,0-11.381,0,7.466,7.466,0,0,0-1.539,2.529,8.692,8.692,0,0,0,0,5.94,7.445,7.445,0,0,0,1.539,2.528,7.8,7.8,0,0,0,11.381,0,7.443,7.443,0,0,0,1.54-2.528A8.571,8.571,0,0,0,172.483,44.63Z" transform="translate(-67.411 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_7" data-name="Path 7" d="M188.849,49.45h-.166a8.505,8.505,0,0,1-3.627,3.272,11.4,11.4,0,0,1-4.84,1.016,12.841,12.841,0,0,1-3.546-.495,9.569,9.569,0,0,1-3.079-1.485,7.618,7.618,0,0,1-2.173-2.474,7.017,7.017,0,0,1-.825-3.464,7.965,7.965,0,0,1,.77-3.656,7.517,7.517,0,0,1,2.063-2.529,10.483,10.483,0,0,1,3-1.623,20.476,20.476,0,0,1,3.547-.906,31.3,31.3,0,0,1,3.711-.385q1.87-.082,3.519-.083h1.651v-.715a4.287,4.287,0,0,0-1.706-3.711,7.207,7.207,0,0,0-4.344-1.238,10.217,10.217,0,0,0-3.9.743,9.924,9.924,0,0,0-3.134,2.006L172.3,30.261a12.777,12.777,0,0,1,5.142-3.244,18.92,18.92,0,0,1,6.076-.99,15.276,15.276,0,0,1,4.727.633,10.44,10.44,0,0,1,3.19,1.621,7.2,7.2,0,0,1,1.951,2.283,10.613,10.613,0,0,1,.99,2.611,14.592,14.592,0,0,1,.358,2.557q.053,1.237.055,2.171V53.078h-5.938Zm-.385-8.192h-1.376c-.915,0-1.944.037-3.078.11a16.2,16.2,0,0,0-3.217.523,7.373,7.373,0,0,0-2.557,1.21,2.64,2.64,0,0,0-1.043,2.228,2.81,2.81,0,0,0,.412,1.566,3.7,3.7,0,0,0,1.073,1.071,4.465,4.465,0,0,0,1.483.633,7.181,7.181,0,0,0,1.65.192q3.408,0,5.032-1.621a5.985,5.985,0,0,0,1.623-4.427Z" transform="translate(-57.693 -11.512)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_8" data-name="Path 8" d="M189.8,16.259h6.6V57.826h-6.6Z" transform="translate(-48.357 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> </g> <rect id="Rectangle_1" data-name="Rectangle 1" width="6.505" height="41.371" transform="translate(156.567 3427.857)" fill="#fff"/> <rect id="Rectangle_2" data-name="Rectangle 2" width="6.505" height="26.022" transform="translate(168.354 3443.206)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_9" data-name="Path 9" d="M62.468,30.647h-.11a8.374,8.374,0,0,0-3.794-3.468,12.316,12.316,0,0,0-5.151-1.085,13.067,13.067,0,0,0-5.394,1.057,12.123,12.123,0,0,0-4.039,2.9,12.4,12.4,0,0,0-2.547,4.338,16.233,16.233,0,0,0-.868,5.366,14.591,14.591,0,0,0,.921,5.206,12.405,12.405,0,0,0,2.629,4.229,12.752,12.752,0,0,0,4.094,2.846,13,13,0,0,0,5.313,1.057,12.589,12.589,0,0,0,4.77-.948A8.6,8.6,0,0,0,62.035,49.3h.107v1.9a14.459,14.459,0,0,1-.406,3.552,6.853,6.853,0,0,1-1.355,2.736,6.35,6.35,0,0,1-2.549,1.789,10.45,10.45,0,0,1-3.931.651,11.52,11.52,0,0,1-4.879-.975,15.96,15.96,0,0,1-4.066-2.765l-3.9,5.314a15.367,15.367,0,0,0,6.017,3.36,25.106,25.106,0,0,0,6.885.921,17.986,17.986,0,0,0,6.559-1.083A12.094,12.094,0,0,0,65.1,61.631,12.351,12.351,0,0,0,67.779,56.8a21.811,21.811,0,0,0,.868-6.369V26.745H62.468Zm-.542,11.982a6.823,6.823,0,0,1-1.545,2.412,7.443,7.443,0,0,1-2.44,1.6,8.325,8.325,0,0,1-3.225.6,7.7,7.7,0,0,1-3.036-.6,7.527,7.527,0,0,1-2.44-1.627,7.352,7.352,0,0,1-1.6-2.384,7.457,7.457,0,0,1-.569-2.927,8.516,8.516,0,0,1,.569-3.171,6.914,6.914,0,0,1,3.984-4.011,8.276,8.276,0,0,1,3.144-.571,7.188,7.188,0,0,1,7.7,7.643A8.433,8.433,0,0,1,61.926,42.629Z" transform="translate(138.067 3416.462)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_10" data-name="Path 10" d="M85.765,34.046a8.353,8.353,0,0,0-2.954-2.277,10.2,10.2,0,0,0-4.418-.868,8.553,8.553,0,0,0-4.962,1.329,7.59,7.59,0,0,0-2.682,2.954h-.108V16.206l-12.96,0v6.482h6.454V57.574h6.506V43.37a9.438,9.438,0,0,1,.325-2.5,5.832,5.832,0,0,1,1.057-2.113A5.289,5.289,0,0,1,73.867,37.3a6.194,6.194,0,0,1,2.737-.542,4.121,4.121,0,0,1,2.656.786A4.677,4.677,0,0,1,80.7,39.495a8.653,8.653,0,0,1,.569,2.492c.073.887.108,1.69.108,2.412V57.574H87.88V41.146a14.9,14.9,0,0,0-.489-3.847A8.611,8.611,0,0,0,85.765,34.046Z" transform="translate(146.385 3411.655)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_11" data-name="Path 11" d="M99.725,34.53V29H92.57V21.455H86.064V29h-7.5a13.074,13.074,0,0,1,2.45,5.529h5.052V46.457a19.963,19.963,0,0,0,.369,4.012,6.273,6.273,0,0,0,1.3,2.905,5.63,5.63,0,0,0,2.6,1.736,13.534,13.534,0,0,0,4.25.563,20.671,20.671,0,0,0,2.624-.195,8.3,8.3,0,0,0,2.514-.673V49.321a3.76,3.76,0,0,1-1.626.629,10.2,10.2,0,0,1-1.887.195A3.224,3.224,0,0,1,93.307,49a5.722,5.722,0,0,1-.737-3.079V34.53Z" transform="translate(156.533 3414.207)" fill="#fff"/> </g> </svg> </header> <div class="content"> <p>FlightGlobal is the global aviation community’s primary source of news, data, insight, knowledge and expertise. We provide news, data, analytics and advisory services to connect the aviation community globally and help organisations shape their business strategies, identify new opportunities and make better decisions faster.</p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-col-2"> <div> <!-- newsletter start --> <div class="newsletterSignup" data-cache-bust="true" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/newslettersignup?wid=12&amp;navcode=33" data-cache-bust="true"> <header><![CDATA[Never miss a beat with FlightGlobal newsletters]]></header> <intro><![CDATA[Get news and analysis direct to your inbox by selecting from our portfolio of newsletters.]]></intro> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGABWB]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGAE]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGDE]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGFIWB]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGJ]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGSI]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGEU]]></newsletter> <senttotext><![CDATA[Sent to:]]></senttotext> <editlinktext><![CDATA[Edit details]]></editlinktext> </div> <!-- newsletter end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container bottomNav"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/announcements">Announcements</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/faqs-flightglobal-premium/138587.article">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/topics-a-z">Topics A-Z</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134641.article">Terms and conditions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134640.article">Cookie policy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.dvvmediainternational.com/policies1/privacy-policy/" class="newWindow">Privacy policy</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.dvvmediainternational.com/" class="newWindow">© DVV Media International Limited</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="container footerBottomNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="footerSocial"> <span class="footerSocialText">Follow us on social media</span> <ul> <li class="footerSocialFacebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/flightglobal" title="Connect with us on Facebook">Connect with us on Facebook</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialTwitter" title="Connect with us on Twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/FlightGlobal">Connect with us on Twitter</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialLinkedin" title="Connect with us on Linked In"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/flightglobal/">Connect with us on Linked in</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialEmail" title="Email us"> <a href="mailto:info@flightglobal.com">Email us</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialYoutube" title="Connect with us on Youtube"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Flightglobal/">Connect with us on Youtube</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="webvision">Site powered by <a href="https://www.abacusemedia.com/webvisioncloud">Webvision Cloud</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768097380831" defer></script> <!--EME Script--> <div id="GlobalEME"></div> <script>(function(w,d,t,u,c,b,m,s,n,i,e,p){(w[n]=w[n]||[]).push(arguments);e=d.createElement(t);p=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];e.async=1;e.src=u+'/scripts/eme.js';p.parentNode.insertBefore(e,p);})(window,document,'script','https://emeapi.abacusemedia.com','DVVFG','FG','GlobalSlideUp','#GlobalEME','EMEObject','FullNavPath,engaged,UserID,conv_region');</script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.4.1/jquery.fancybox.min.js"></script> <script> $('[data-fancybox]').fancybox({ toolbar: false, smallBtn: true, iframe: { preload: false } }) </script> <!-- DVV FG - fill firstname and message with data from dataLayer <script> $(window).on("eme:itemapplied", function(evt) { //var data = evt && evt.detail || {}; $('#EMEFirstName').html(myData.firstname); $('#EMECats').html(convMessageText.split('|').filter(function(el){return el && el!=undefined;})); }); </script> --> <!-- START SLIDE UP MESSAGE <div id="htmlslideupmessage" data-message="htmlslideupmessage" data-client="CoreTest" data-brand="CAT" class="eme-static-htmlslideupmessage eme-init"> <div class="eme-htmlslideup"> <div class="eme-htmlslideup-overlay"></div> <div class="eme-htmlslideup-wrapper"> <style> .eme-htmlslideup{ position:fixed; width:100%; height:auto; min-height:63px; z-index: 32768; box-shadow:0 -5px 5px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); visibility:hidden; transform:translateY(140%); opacity:0; right:0; left:0; transition:transform 1.0s,opacity 1.0s; } .eme-htmlslideup *{ box-sizing:border-box; } .eme-htmlslideup a{ color:#fff; } .eme-completed .eme-htmlslideup{ bottom:0; transform:translateY(0); opacity:1; visibility:visible; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container{ padding-top:15px; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button .eme-link{ padding:10px 15px 14px; } .eme-htmlslideup .assistive{ position:absolute!important; height:1px; width:1px; overflow:hidden; clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px); } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-header{ background-color: #1cafe5; position: relative; height: 9px; display:block; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-header { height: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-header .eme-trigger-action-toggle{ display:inline-block; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button{ position:absolute; top: -17px; right: 10px; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button{ top:-22px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button .eme-link{ background-color: #F58C21; width:46px; height:46px; display:inline-block; border-radius:23px; box-shadow:0 0 5px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); padding:14px 15px 18px; transition: box-shadow 150ms ease-in, background-color 150ms ease-in; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button .eme-link:hover { box-shadow: 0 0 5px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .85); background-color: #1cafe5; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-trigger-action-toggle .eme-toggle-button-icon{ opacity:1; transform:rotate(180deg); } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ background-color: #144696; padding: 50px 9px 0; text-align:center; display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ min-height:63px; padding:0; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main .eme-headline,.eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main .eme-text{ display:none; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline{ color:#fff; font-size:1.802rem; line-height:2.027rem; font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:17px; height:auto; opacity:1; order:2; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline span{ color:#F58C21; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline .eme-link{ color:#006CB8; text-decoration:underline; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline .eme-link:hover{ color:#fff; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content{ padding:0 2px; order:1; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text{ color:#DCDCDC; font-size:1.125rem; line-height:1.75rem; font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:20px; height:auto; opacity:1; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text .eme-link:hover{ color:#fff; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container{ order:3; background-color: #002a63; margin-left: -50vw; margin-right: -50vw; padding-bottom: 15px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button{ color:#fff; display:inline-block; background-color:#F58C21; border-radius:6px; padding:6px 28px 6px; font-size:1rem; line-height:1.602rem; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; text-decoration:none; text-align:center; transition:background-color .2s,color .2s; margin-top:15px; margin-left:-20px; min-width:134px; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button{ margin-top:0; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-link{ color:#fff; font-size:1rem; line-height:1.602rem; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button.eme-button-secondary{ background-color:#F58C21; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button+.eme-link{ margin-left:20px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button:hover{ background-color:#1cafe5; color:#fff; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-text{ } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-text-uppercase{ text-transform:uppercase; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-ribbon-text-separator{ top:-15px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-inline{ display:inline-block; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-block{ display:block; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer{ display:block; height: auto; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer{ height:0; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image{ display:none; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-link{ color:#fff; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button{ } @media screen and (min-width: 768px){ .eme-htmlslideup{ } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-image{ } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button{ top:-23px; right:16px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ padding: 24px 70px 0; text-align:left; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ height:67px; min-height:67px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline{ font-size:2.027rem; line-height:2.027rem; font-weight:bold; margin-bottom: 48px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content{ padding:0; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text{ font-weight:normal; margin-bottom: 15px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container{ text-align:center; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button{ padding:6px 28px 6px; font-size:1rem; line-height:1.602rem; font-weight:bold; margin-top:15px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-link.eme-link-primary,.eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-button-container .eme-link.eme-link-secondary{ display:inline-block; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .eme-htmlslideup{ min-height:63px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button{ top:-12px; right:35px; z-index:1; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-toggle-button{ top:-12px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ text-align: left; min-height: 200px; padding: 22px 0 0 0; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main{ height:63px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-button-container .eme-button{ padding:6px 28px 6px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image{ display:inline; position:absolute; right:89px; width:223px; bottom:58px; height:auto; opacity:1; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image{ height:0; opacity:0; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-ribbon-decorations, .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer{ max-width:1280px; margin:0 auto; position:relative; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text{ margin-bottom: 8px; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-header,.eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer{ margin:0 auto; } .eme-toggle .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main:after{ display:none; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-button-container .eme-link{ font-size:1rem; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline, .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-content{ max-width:1280px; width:100%; margin:0 auto; padding:0 15px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline{ margin-bottom:48px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main .eme-content .eme-button-container{ position:absolute; bottom:13px; } } </style> <header class="eme-header"> <div class="eme-ribbon-decorations"> <div class="eme-toggle-button"> <a href="#toggle" class="eme-trigger eme-link eme-trigger-action-toggle" data-eme-target="clicktoggle" title="Toggle"><span class="assistive">Toggle</span> <svg class="eme-toggle-button-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="8" viewBox="0 0 15 8"> <path class="eme-toggle-button-icon-path" data-name="Path 740" d="M7.5,8,0,0H2.5l5,5.333L12.5,0H15Z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a> </div> </div> </header> <main class="eme-main"> <h2 class="eme-headline"><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/subscribe?sourcecode=FGRibbon&campaigncode=FGRibbonMessage">Unlock our take on the stories that matter for just <span> £22 </span> a month </a></h2> <div class="eme-content"> <p class="eme-text">Breaking news, expert analysis, member-first insights and commentary on the global aviation industry.</p> </div> <div class="eme-button-container"> <a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/subscribe?sourcecode=FGRibbon&campaigncode=FGRibbonMessage" data-eme-target="clicksubscribelink" class="eme-trigger eme-link eme-button eme-button-secondary">Subscribe</a> <a href="/sign-in" data-eme-target="clicksigninlink" class="popup signIn eme-trigger eme-link eme-link-primary">or Sign In</a> </div> </main> <footer class="eme-footer"> <div class="eme-image"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="258" height="138" viewBox="0 0 258 138"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-path"> <rect id="Rectangle_1723" data-name="Rectangle 1723" width="258" height="138" transform="translate(1051 772)" fill="none"/> </clipPath> </defs> <g id="Mask_Group_8" data-name="Mask Group 8" transform="translate(-1051 -772)" clip-path="url(#clip-path)"> <path id="Path_1917" data-name="Path 1917" d="M26.722,5.271V78.778h129.25V208.026h73.505V5.271Z" transform="translate(1266.966 982.623) rotate(-135)" fill="#fff" opacity="0.35"/> <path id="Path_1918" data-name="Path 1918" d="M26.722,5.271V21.138h27.9v27.9H70.49V5.271Z" transform="translate(1166.387 915.591) rotate(-135)" fill="#fff" opacity="0.995"/> <path id="Path_1920" data-name="Path 1920" d="M26.722,5.271V21.138h27.9v27.9H70.49V5.271Z" transform="translate(1213.387 915.591) rotate(-135)" fill="#fff" opacity="0.995"/> <path id="Path_1922" data-name="Path 1922" d="M26.722,5.271V21.138h27.9v27.9H70.49V5.271Z" transform="translate(1258.387 915.591) rotate(-135)" fill="#fff" opacity="0.995"/> </g> </svg> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var navPathListToExclude = ['200','179','44']; if(!dataLayer.some(function(el){return el.UserID && el.UserID !== undefined;}) && !dataLayer.filter(function(el){return el.FullNavPath && el.FullNavPath.split('|').filter(function(x){return navPathListToExclude.indexOf(x)!=-1;}).length}).length){ $(document).ready(function(){ $('.eme-static-htmlslideupmessage').addClass('eme-completed'); }); $('.eme-trigger-action-toggle').on('click',function(evt){ evt.preventDefault(); $(this).parents('.eme-static-htmlslideupmessage').toggleClass('eme-toggle'); }); } })() </script> --> <!-- END SLIDE UP MESSAGE --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_Incapsula_Resource?SWJIYLWA=719d34d31c8e3a6e6fffd425f7e032f3&ns=1&cb=1818229879" async></script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10