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class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > 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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nommerteken" title="Nommerteken – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nommerteken" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85" title="رمز الرقم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رمز الرقم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyez_i%C5%9Far%C9%99si" title="Diyez işarəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diyez işarəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF)" title="Знак рашоткі (актаторп) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Знак рашоткі (актаторп)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadradet" title="Quadradet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quadradet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEek_(znak_%C4%8D%C3%ADsla)" title="Křížek (znak čísla) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křížek (znak čísla)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nummertegn" title="Nummertegn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nummertegn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautezeichen" title="Rautezeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rautezeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF)" title="Αριθμός (σύμβολο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός (σύμβολο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_(s%C3%ADmbolo)" title="Numeral (símbolo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Numeral (símbolo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krado_(signo)" title="Krado (signo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krado (signo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traol" title="Traol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Traol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="علامت مربع – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علامت مربع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croisillon_(signe)" title="Croisillon (signe) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croisillon (signe)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleeah_(cowrey)" title="Cleeah (cowrey) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cleeah (cowrey)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancelo_(signo)" title="Cancelo (signo) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cancelo (signo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Саралҗин темдег – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Саралҗин темдег" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8" title="번호 기호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="번호 기호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Վանդականիշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վանդականիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_pagar" title="Tanda pagar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda pagar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%ADkross" title="Tvíkross – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvíkross" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancelletto" title="Cancelletto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cancelletto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סולמית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5_(%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81)" title="ນຳເບີ (ສັນຍະລັກ) – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນຳເບີ (ສັນຍະລັກ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotel%C4%97s" title="Grotelės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grotelės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mjel" title="Számjel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számjel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Тараба (типографија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тараба (типографија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekje" title="Hekje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hekje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7" title="番号記号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="番号記号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nummertegn" title="Nummertegn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nummertegn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratka_(symbol)" title="Kratka (symbol) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kratka (symbol)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerquilha" title="Cerquilha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cerquilha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Знак решётки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Знак решётки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tevilski_znak" title="Številski znak – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Številski znak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristikkomerkki" title="Ristikkomerkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ristikkomerkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nummertecken" title="Nummertecken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nummertecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="นัมเบอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นัมเบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numara_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Numara işareti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Numara işareti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Знак решітки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Знак решітки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E8%99%9F" title="井號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="井號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">Numero sign</a> (№), or <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">Sharp (music)</a> (♯).</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">#</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Number sign</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />&num;)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+266F ♯ <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">MUSIC SHARP SIGN</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+2317 ⌗ <a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="⌗">VIEWDATA SQUARE</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+22D5 ⋕ <a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)#Symbol" title="Parallel (geometry)">EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+4E95 井 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95 (<a href="/wiki/Jingtian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingtian">Jingtian</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+00A3 £ <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">POUND SIGN</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+2116 № <a href="/wiki/%E2%84%96" class="mw-redirect" title="№">NUMERO SIGN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The symbol # is known variously in English-speaking regions as the number sign,<a href="#cite_note-oedNumberSign-1">[1]</a> hash,<a href="#cite_note-oedHash-2">[2]</a> or pound sign.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The symbol has historically been used for a wide range of purposes including the designation of an ordinal number and as a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatured</a> abbreviation for <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pounds avoirdupois</a> – having been derived from the now-rare ℔.<a href="#cite_note-Houston-4">[4]</a> Since 2007, widespread usage of the symbol to introduce <a href="/wiki/Metadata_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Metadata tag">metadata tags</a> on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> platforms has led to such tags being known as "<a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a>",<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and from that, the symbol itself is sometimes called a hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-hashtag-6">[6]</a> The symbol is distinguished from similar symbols by its combination of level horizontal strokes and right-tilting vertical strokes. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfund.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pfund.svg/250px-Pfund.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pfund.svg/330px-Pfund.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pfund.svg/500px-Pfund.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>A stylized version of the abbreviation for <a href="/wiki/Roman_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman pound">libra pondo</a> ("pound weight")</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg/250px-Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg/330px-Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg/500px-Libra_pondo_abbreviation_newton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1681" /></a><figcaption>The abbreviation written by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, showing the evolution from "℔" toward "#"</figcaption></figure> It is believed that the symbol traces its origins to the symbol ℔,<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> an abbreviation of the Roman term <a href="/wiki/Roman_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman pound">libra pondo</a>, which translates as "pound weight".<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker-9">[8]</a> The abbreviation "lb" was printed as a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">ligature</a> including a horizontal line across (which indicated abbreviation).<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker-9">[8]</a> Ultimately, the symbol was reduced for clarity as an overlay of two horizontal strokes "=" across two slash-like strokes "//".<a href="#cite_note-NewYorker-9">[8]</a> The symbol is described as the "number" character in an 1853 treatise on <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">bookkeeping</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> and its double meaning is described in a bookkeeping text from 1880.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The instruction manual of the <a href="/wiki/Blickensderfer_typewriter#Model_5" title="Blickensderfer typewriter">Blickensderfer model 5</a> typewriter (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1896) appears to refer to the symbol as the "number mark".<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Some early-20th-century U.S. sources refer to it as the "number sign",<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> although this could also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a> (№).<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> A 1917 manual distinguishes between two uses of the sign: "number (written before a figure)" and "pounds (written after a figure)".<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The use of the phrase "pound sign" to refer to this symbol is found from 1932 in U.S. usage.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The term hash sign is found in South African writings from the late 1960s<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> and from other non-North-American sources in the 1970s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For mechanical devices, the symbol appeared on the keyboard of the <a href="/wiki/E._Remington_and_Sons" title="E. Remington and Sons">Remington</a> Standard typewriter (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1886).<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> It appeared in many of the early teleprinter codes and from there was copied to <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, which made it available on computers and thus caused many more uses to be found for the character. The symbol was introduced on the bottom right button of <a href="/wiki/Push-button_telephone" title="Push-button telephone">touch-tone</a> keypads in 1968, but that button was not extensively used until the advent of large-scale <a href="/wiki/Voicemail" title="Voicemail">voicemail</a> (PBX systems, etc.) in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Houston-4">[4]</a> One of the uses in computers was to label the following text as having a different interpretation (such as a command or a comment) from the rest of the text. It was adopted for use within internet relay chat (<a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>) networks circa 1988 to label groups and topics.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> This usage inspired <a href="/wiki/Chris_Messina_(open_source_advocate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Messina (open source advocate)">Chris Messina</a> to propose a similar system to be used on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to tag topics of interest on the microblogging network;<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> this became known as a <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a>. Although used initially and most popularly on Twitter, hashtag use has extended to other social media sites.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Names">edit</a>]</div> Number sign <dl><dd>"Number sign" is the name chosen by the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. Most common in Canada<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> and the northeastern United States.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] American telephone equipment companies which serve Canadian callers often have an option in their programming to denote <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>, which in turn instructs the system to say number sign to callers instead of pound.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></dd></dl> Pound sign or pound <dl><dd>In the United States, the "#" key on a phone is commonly referred to as the pound sign, pound key, or simply pound. Dialing instructions to an extension such as #77, for example, can be read as "pound seven seven".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-26">[25]</a> This name is rarely used outside the United States, where the term pound sign is understood to mean <a href="/wiki/Pound_sign" title="Pound sign">the currency symbol £</a>.</dd></dl> Hash, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hash_mark" class="extiw" title="wikt:hash mark">hash mark</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hashmark" class="extiw" title="wikt:hashmark">hashmark</a> <dl><dd>In the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Australia,<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> and some other countries,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] it is generally called a "hash" (probably from "hatch", referring to cross-<a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">hatching</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a>).</dd> <dd>Programmers also use this term; for instance <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#!</code> is "hash, bang" or <a href="/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)" title="Shebang (Unix)">"shebang"</a>.</dd></dl> <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a> <dl><dd>Derived from the previous, the word "hashtag" is often used when reading social media messages aloud, indicating the start of a hashtag. For instance, the text "#foo" is often read out loud as "hashtag foo" (as opposed to "hash foo"). This leads to the common belief that the symbol itself is called hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-hashtag-6">[6]</a> Twitter documentation refers to it as "the hashtag symbol".<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></dd></dl> Hex <dl><dd>"Hex" is commonly used in Singapore and Malaysia, as spoken by many recorded telephone directory-assistance menus: "Please enter your phone number followed by the 'hex' key". The term "hex" is discouraged in Singapore in favour of "hash". In Singapore, a hash is also called "hex" in apartment addresses, where it precedes the floor number.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Octothorp, octothorpe, octathorp, octatherp <dl><dd>Most scholars believe the word was invented by workers at the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Telephone Laboratories</a> by 1968,<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> who needed a word for the symbol on the <a href="/wiki/Dual-tone_multi-frequency_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling">telephone keypad</a>. Don MacPherson is said to have created the word by combining octo and the last name of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a>, an Olympic medalist.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Howard Eby and Lauren Asplund claim to have invented the word as a joke in 1964, combining octo with the syllable therp which, because of the "th" <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a>, was hard to pronounce in different languages.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-35">[34]</a> The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, 1991, has a long article that is consistent with Doug Kerr's essay,<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-35">[34]</a> which says "octotherp" was the original spelling, and that the word arose in the 1960s among telephone engineers as a joke. Other hypotheses for the origin of the word include the last name of <a href="/wiki/James_Oglethorpe" title="James Oglethorpe">James Oglethorpe</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> or using the Old English word for village, <a href="/wiki/Thorp" title="Thorp">thorp</a>, because the symbol looks like a village surrounded by eight fields.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The word was popularized within and outside Bell Labs.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The first appearance of "octothorp" in a US patent is in a 1973 filing. This patent also refers to the six-pointed asterisk (✻) used on telephone buttons as a "<a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect#Sextile" title="Astrological aspect">sextile</a>".<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></dd></dl> <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">Sharp</a> <dl><dd>Use of the name "sharp" is due to the symbol's resemblance to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+266F ♯ <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">MUSIC SHARP SIGN</a>. The same derivation is seen in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> programming languages <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/J_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="J Sharp">J#</a> and <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a>. Microsoft says that the name C# is pronounced 'see sharp'."<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> According to the ECMA-334 C# Language Specification, the name of the language is written "C#" ("LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C (U+0043) followed by the NUMBER SIGN # (U+0023)") and pronounced "C Sharp".<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></dd></dl> Square <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG/250px-Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG/330px-Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG/500px-Detail-Tastatur-FeTAp-751-1982.JPG 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a telephone keypad displaying the <a href="/wiki/Viewdata" title="Viewdata">Viewdata</a> square</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>On telephones, the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> specification <a href="/wiki/E.161" title="E.161">ITU-T E.161</a> 3.2.2 states: "The symbol may be referred to as the square or the most commonly used equivalent term in other languages."<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Formally, this is not a number sign but rather another character, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+2317 ⌗ <a href="/wiki/Viewdata_square" class="mw-redirect" title="Viewdata square">VIEWDATA SQUARE</a>. The real or virtual keypads on almost all modern telephones use the simple <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> instead, as does most documentation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> Other <dl><dd>Names that may be seen include:<a href="#cite_note-Houston-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">crosshatch</a>, crunch, fence, flash, garden fence, garden gate, gate, grid, hak, mesh, oof, pig-pen, punch mark, rake, score, scratch, scratch mark, <a href="/wiki/Tic-tac-toe" title="Tic-tac-toe">tic-tac-toe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inequality_(mathematics)" title="Inequality (mathematics)">unequal</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a>]</div> When ⟨#⟩ prefixes a number, it is read as "number". "A #2 pencil", for example, indicates "a number-two pencil". The abbreviations 'No.' and '№' are used commonly and interchangeably. The use of ⟨#⟩ as an abbreviation for "number" is common in informal writing, but use in print is rare.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Where Americans might write "Symphony #5", British and Irish people usually write "Symphony No. 5".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] When ⟨#⟩ is after a number, it is read as "pound" or "pounds", meaning the unit of weight. The text "5# bag of flour" would mean "five-pound bag of flour". The abbreviations "lb." and "℔" are used commonly and interchangeably. This usage is rare outside North America, where "lb" or "lbs" is used. ⟨#⟩ is not a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sign" title="Pound sign">pound sign</a> ⟨£⟩, but British typewriters and keyboards have a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">£</kbd> key where American keyboards have a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">#</kbd> key.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Many early computer and teleprinter codes (such as <a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">BS 4730</a> (the UK national variant of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a> character set) substituted "£" for "#" to make the British versions, thus it was common for the same binary code to display as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> on US equipment and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">£</code> on British equipment ("$" was not substituted to avoid confusing dollars and pounds in financial communications). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mathematics">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a>, #S is one possible notation for the <a href="/wiki/Cardinality" title="Cardinality">cardinality</a> or size of the <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a> S, instead of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |S|}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |S|}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28d901e98a035ff4c0e37fe6dd8e750ece6c1f0b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.793ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |S|}" />. That is, for a set <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S=\{s_{1},s_{2},s_{3},\dots ,s_{n}\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S=\{s_{1},s_{2},s_{3},\dots ,s_{n}\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8870b24af1ca41af195fe8127f7a2c84b94a5cb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.912ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S=\{s_{1},s_{2},s_{3},\dots ,s_{n}\}}" />, in which all <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfda82668232cbdc0874ed28ab8b6079420d1ffe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.89ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}}" /> are mutually distinct, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \#S=n=|S|.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">#</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \#S=n=|S|.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b69446e0babbd83ec846a20130eb1015eb93344" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.467ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \#S=n=|S|.}" /> This notation is only sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Finite_set" title="Finite set">finite sets</a>, usually in <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, to avoid confusion with the <a href="/wiki/Divisibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisibility">divisibility</a> symbol, e.g. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\mid b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\mid b}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ab1c16db0f00b6cc26bcd7dae49514f5aadfff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.165ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\mid b}" />.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topology</a>, A#B is the <a href="/wiki/Connected_sum" title="Connected sum">connected sum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manifold" title="Manifold">manifolds</a> A and B, or of knots A and B in <a href="/wiki/Knot_theory" title="Knot theory">knot theory</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, n# is the <a href="/wiki/Primorial" title="Primorial">primorial</a> of n.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Constructive_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructive mathematics">constructive mathematics</a>, # denotes an <a href="/wiki/Apartness_relation" title="Apartness relation">apartness relation</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E2%99%AFP" title="♯P">#P</a> denotes a <a href="/wiki/Complexity_class" title="Complexity class">complexity class</a> of <a href="/wiki/Counting_problem_(complexity)" title="Counting problem (complexity)">counting problems</a>. The standard notation for this class uses the number sign symbol, not the <a href="/wiki/Sharp_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharp sign">sharp sign</a> from music, but it is pronounced "sharp P". More generally, the number sign may be used to denote the class of counting problems associated with any class of search problems.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Computing">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, the symbol has a <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&num;</code> in <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></li> <li>In many scripting languages and data file formats, especially ones that originated on Unix, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> introduces a comment that goes to the end of the line.<a href="#cite_note-hash_character-48">[47]</a> The combination <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#!</code> at the start of an executable file is a "<a href="/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)" title="Shebang (Unix)">shebang</a>", "hash-bang" or "pound-bang", used to tell the operating system which program to use to run the script (see <a href="/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)" title="Magic number (programming)">magic number</a>). This combination was chosen so it would be a comment in the scripting languages. <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#!</code> is the symbol of the CrunchBang Linux distribution.</li></ul></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> programming language, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used as a modifier to array syntax to return the index number of the last element in the <a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">array</a>, e.g., an array's last element is at <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$array[$#array]</code>. The number of elements in the array is <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$#array + 1</code>, since Perl arrays default to using zero-based indices. If the array has not been defined, the return is also undefined. If the array is defined but has not had any elements assigned to it, e.g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">@array = ()</code>, then <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$#array</code> returns <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">−1</code>. See the section on <a href="/wiki/Perl_language_structure#Array_functions" title="Perl language structure">Array functions</a> in the Perl language structure article.</li> <li>In both the <a href="/wiki/C_preprocessor" title="C preprocessor">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> preprocessors, as well as in other syntactically C-like languages, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used to start a preprocessor <a href="/wiki/Directive_(programming)" title="Directive (programming)">directive</a>. Inside macros, after <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#define</code>, it is used for various purposes; for example, the double pound (hash) sign <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">##</code> is used for token <a href="/wiki/Concatenation" title="Concatenation">concatenation</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shells</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is placed by convention at the end of a <a href="/wiki/Command_prompt" class="mw-redirect" title="Command prompt">command prompt</a> to denote that the user is working as <a href="/wiki/Superuser" title="Superuser">root</a>.</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used in a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> or other resource to introduce a "<a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment identifier">fragment identifier</a>" – an id which defines a position within that resource. In HTML, this is known as an <a href="/wiki/HTML_element#Anchor" title="HTML element">anchor link</a>. For example, in the URL <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sign#Computing</code> the portion after the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Computing</code>) is the fragment identifier, in this case denoting that the display should be moved to show the tag marked by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span id="Computing">...</span></code> in the HTML.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a>: on (IRC) servers, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> precedes the name of every <a href="/wiki/IRC_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC channels">channel</a> that is available across an entire IRC network.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blogs</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is sometimes used to denote a <a href="/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink">permalink</a> for that particular weblog entry.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_markup_language" title="Lightweight markup language">lightweight markup languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikitext</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is often used to introduce numbered list items.</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used in the <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(programming_language)" title="Oberon (programming language)">Oberon</a> programming languages designed by <a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Component_Pascal" title="Component Pascal">Component Pascal</a> language derived from Oberon to denote the not equal symbol, as a stand-in for the mathematical unequal sign ≠, being more intuitive than <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><></code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">!=</code>. For example: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cp mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">IF i # 0 THEN ...</code></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used for attributes such as in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#[test]</code>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is the operator used to call a method.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is a dispatching <a href="/wiki/Lisp_reader" title="Lisp reader">read macro</a> character used to extend the <a href="/wiki/S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expression</a> syntax with short cuts and support for various data types (<a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex numbers</a>, vectors and more).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is the prefix for certain syntax with special meaning.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code>, when prefixed to a field name, becomes a projection function (function to access the field of a record or tuple); also, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> prefixes a <a href="/wiki/String_literal" title="String literal">string literal</a> to turn it into a character literal.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a> syntax, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code>, when used as a variable, becomes a pure function (a placeholder that is mapped to any variable meeting the conditions).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code>, when prefixing a number, references an arguments for a user defined command. For instance <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-tex mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}</code>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Javadoc" title="Javadoc">Javadoc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used with the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">@see</code> tag to introduce or separate a field, constructor, or method member from its containing class.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Core_War" title="Core War">Redcode</a> and some other dialects of <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used to denote immediate mode addressing, e.g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">LDA #10</code>, which means "load accumulator A with the value 10" in <a href="/wiki/MOS_6502" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS 6502">MOS 6502</a> assembly language.</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>, and other computing applications <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is used to identify a color specified in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> format, e.g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#FFAA00</code>. This usage comes from <a href="/wiki/X11" class="mw-redirect" title="X11">X11</a> color specifications, which inherited it from early assembler dialects that used <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> to prefix hexadecimal constants, e.g.: ZX Spectrum <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a> assembly.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Be-Music_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Be-Music Script">Be-Music Script</a>, every command line starts with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code>. Lines starting with characters other than "#" are treated as comments.</li> <li>The use of the hash symbol in a <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> is a phenomenon conceived by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Messina_(open-source_advocate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Messina (open-source advocate)">Chris Messina</a>, and popularized by social media network <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, as a way to direct conversations and topics amongst users. This has led to an increasingly common tendency to refer to the symbol itself as "hashtag".<a href="#cite_note-Time-53">[52]</a></li> <li>In programming languages like PL/1 and Assembler used on IBM mainframe systems, as well as JCL (Job Control Language), the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> (along with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">$</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">@</code>) are used as additional letters in identifiers, labels and data set names.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/J_(programming_language)" title="J (programming language)">J</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is the Tally or Count function,<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> and similarly in <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> can be used as a shortcut to get the length of a table, or get the length of a string. Due to the ease of writing "#" over longer function names, this practice has become standard in the Lua community.</li> <li>In Dyalog <a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> is a reference to the root <a href="/wiki/Namespace" title="Namespace">namespace</a> while <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">##</code> is a reference to the current space's parent namespace.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">#</code> character is used in based integer literals, which take the form <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">base#digits#</code>, where <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">base</code> is an integer from 2 to 16 specifying the radix, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">digits</code> are the digits valid in that base (0-9, optionally A-F for bases above 10).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">Algebraic notation for chess</a>: A hash after a move denotes <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a> transcription: The hash prefixing an all-caps word identifies a lexicalized fingerspelled sign, having some sort of blends or letter drops. All-caps words without the prefix are used for standard English words that are fingerspelled in their entirety.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy writer">Copy writing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">copy editing</a>: Technical writers in <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press releases</a> often use three number signs, ### directly above the boilerplate or underneath the body copy, indicating to media that there is no further copy to come.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_(typography)" title="Note (typography)">Footnote</a> symbols (or endnote symbols): Due to ready availability in many fonts and directly on computer keyboards, "#" and other symbols (such as the <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a>) have in recent years begun to be occasionally used in catalogues and reports in place of more traditional symbols (esp. <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger, double-dagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a>).</li> <li>Linguistic <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a>: # denotes a word boundary. For instance, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">/d/ → [t] / _#</code> means that /d/ becomes [t] when it is the last segment in a word (i.e. when it appears before a word boundary).</li> <li>Linguistic <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>: A hash before an example sentence denotes that the sentence is semantically ill-formed, though grammatically well-formed. For instance, "#The toothbrush is pregnant" is a grammatically correct sentence, but the meaning is odd.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">Medical prescription</a> drug delimiter: In some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> or <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, # is used as a <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a> between different drugs on medical prescriptions.</li> <li>Medical shorthand: The hash is often used to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">bone fracture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> For example, "#NOF" is often used for "fractured <a href="/wiki/Femur_neck" class="mw-redirect" title="Femur neck">neck of femur</a>". In radiotherapy, a full dose of radiation is divided into smaller doses or 'fractions'. These are given the shorthand # to denote either the number of treatments in a prescription (e.g. 60Gy in 30#), or the fraction number (#9 of 25).</li> <li>As a <a href="/wiki/List_of_proofreader%27s_marks" title="List of proofreader's marks">proofreading mark</a>, to indicate that a space should be inserted.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></li> <li>Publishing: When submitting a science fiction manuscript for publication, a number sign on a line by itself (indented or centered) indicates a <a href="/wiki/Section_(typography)" title="Section (typography)">section break</a> in the text.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrabble" title="Scrabble">Scrabble</a>: Putting a number sign after a word indicates that the word is found in the British word lists, but not the <a href="/wiki/Official_Tournament_and_Club_Word_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Tournament and Club Word List">North American lists.</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> <a href="/wiki/Subtitle" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle">subtitles</a> (in the UK and Ireland): The hash symbol, resembling music notation's sharp sign, is used to mark text that is either sung by a character or heard in background music, e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /># For he's a jolly good fellow #</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unicode">edit</a>]</div> The number sign was assigned code 35 (hex 0x23) in ASCII where it was inherited by many character sets. In <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> it is often at 0x7B or 0xEC. Unicode characters with "number sign" in their names: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN Other <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">attested names in Unicode</a> are: POUND SIGN, HASH, CROSSHATCH, OCTOTHORPE.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+0600 ؀ <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">ARABIC NUMBER SIGN</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+0BFA ௺ <a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">TAMIL NUMBER SIGN</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+1AC6 ᫆ COMBINING NUMBER SIGN ABOVE</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+FE5F ﹟ SMALL NUMBER SIGN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+FF03 ＃ FULLWIDTH NUMBER SIGN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+110BD <a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">KAITHI NUMBER SIGN</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+110CD 𑃍 KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+11FE9 𑿩 TAMIL TRADITIONAL NUMBER SIGN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+E0023 TAG NUMBER SIGN</li></ul> Additionally, a Unicode named sequence KEYCAP NUMBER SIGN is defined for the <a href="/wiki/Grapheme_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapheme cluster">grapheme cluster</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">U+0023+FE0F+20E3</code> (#️⃣).<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_keyboards">On keyboards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: On keyboards">edit</a>]</div> On the standard <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">US keyboard layout</a>, the # symbol is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd>. On standard UK and some other European keyboards, the same keystrokes produce the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sign" title="Pound sign">pound (sterling) sign, £ symbol</a>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">#</kbd> may be moved to a separate key above the right shift key. If there is no key, the symbol can be produced on Windows with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">Alt</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd>, on Mac OS with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Opt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd>, and on Linux with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">Compose</a></kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">+</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">+</kbd>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sign" title="Pound sign">pound sign</a>, £</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">sharp sign</a>, ♯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdata#Keypad_symbols:_the_sextile_and_the_square" title="Viewdata">viewdata square</a>, ⌗,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)#Symbol" title="Parallel (geometry)">equal and parallel to symbol</a>, ⋕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looped_square" title="Looped square">looped square</a>, ⌘</li> <li>the Chinese character for "<a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">well</a>" 井</li> <li>the game <a href="/wiki/Tic-tac-toe" title="Tic-tac-toe">tic-tac-toe</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For uses of # within Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Number_sign" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Number sign">Wikipedia:Number sign</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" />U+2114 ℔ L B BAR SYMBOL </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_sign&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oedNumberSign-1"><a href="#cite_ref-oedNumberSign_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403112505/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/number_sign">"number sign"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/number_sign">the original</a> on April 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=number+sign&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fnumber_sign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oedHash-2"><a href="#cite_ref-oedHash_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231152808/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hash">"hash"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hash">the original</a> on December 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=hash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fhash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051651/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pound_sign">"pound sign"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pound_sign">the original</a> on April 3, 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=pound+sign&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fpound_sign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houston-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouston2013" class="citation book cs1">Houston, Keith (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fbWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">"The Octothorpe"</a>. Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 41–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06442-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06442-1"><bdi>978-0-393-06442-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Octothorpe&rft.btitle=Shady+Characters%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+Punctuation%2C+Symbols%2C+and+Other+Typographical+Marks&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06442-1&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fbWAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiercy2013" class="citation book cs1">Piercy, Joseph (25 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRbdAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT84">"Part III: Symbnols of value, ownership and exchange"</a>. Symbols: A Universal Language. Michael OMara. pp. 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78243-073-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78243-073-5"><bdi>978-1-78243-073-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+III%3A+Symbnols+of+value%2C+ownership+and+exchange&rft.btitle=Symbols%3A+A+Universal+Language&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=Michael+OMara&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-78243-073-5&rft.aulast=Piercy&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRbdAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hashtag-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hashtag_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hashtag_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/eb/qa/why-is-the-symbol-called-the-hashtag-in-twitter">"Why is the symbol # called the hashtag in Twitter?"</a>. The Britannica Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923225746/https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/eb/qa/why-is-the-symbol-called-the-hashtag-in-twitter">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2022-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Britannica+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+symbol+%23+called+the+hashtag+in+Twitter%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fdictionary%2Feb%2Fqa%2Fwhy-is-the-symbol-called-the-hashtag-in-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith_Gordon_Irwin1967" class="citation book cs1">Keith Gordon Irwin (1967) [1956]. The romance of writing, from Egyptian hieroglyphics to modern letters, numbers, and signs. New York: Viking Press. p. 125. <q>The Italian libbra (from the old Latin word libra, 'balance') represented a weight almost exactly equal to the <a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">avoirdupois</a> pound of England. The Italian abbreviation of lb with a line drawn across the letters was used for both weights.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+romance+of+writing%2C+from+Egyptian+hieroglyphics+to+modern+letters%2C+numbers%2C+and+signs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Keith+Gordon+Irwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorker-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouston2013" class="citation news cs1">Houston, Keith (2013-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/origins-of-hashtag-manicule-diple-pilcrow-ampersand-explained.html">"The Ancient Roots of Punctuation"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625175614/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/origins-of-hashtag-manicule-diple-pilcrow-ampersand-explained.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-06-25. Retrieved 16 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Ancient+Roots+of+Punctuation&rft.date=2013-09-06&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fonline%2Fblogs%2Fbooks%2F2013%2F09%2Forigins-of-hashtag-manicule-diple-pilcrow-ampersand-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308111135/http://www.royalmintmuseum.org.uk/Default.aspx?PageID=14314417">"The Origins of £sd"</a>. The Royal Mint Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmintmuseum.org.uk/Default.aspx?PageID=14314417">the original</a> on 8 March 2020. <q>It is not known for certain when the horizontal line or lines, which indicate an abbreviation, first came to be drawn through the L.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+%C2%A3sd&rft.pub=The+Royal+Mint+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalmintmuseum.org.uk%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageID%3D14314417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrittendon1853" class="citation book cs1">Crittendon, S. W. (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anelementarytre00critgoog/page/n16/mode/1up">An Elementary Treatise on Book-keeping by Single and Double Entry</a>. Philadelphia: E., C., & J. Biddle. p. 10. Retrieved 7 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Elementary+Treatise+on+Book-keeping+by+Single+and+Double+Entry&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=E.%2C+C.%2C+%26+J.+Biddle&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Crittendon&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanelementarytre00critgoog%2Fpage%2Fn16%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuffDuffDuff1880" class="citation book cs1">Duff, C. P.; Duff, W. H.; Duff, R. P. (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookkeepingbysi00duffgoog">Book-Keeping By Single and Double Entry</a>. Harper and Brothers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookkeepingbysi00duffgoog/page/n27">21</a>. Retrieved 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book-Keeping+By+Single+and+Double+Entry&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brothers&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft.au=Duff%2C+W.+H.&rft.au=Duff%2C+R.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookkeepingbysi00duffgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014223637/https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/Blick5manual.pdf">Method of Operating and Instructions for Practice on the Blickensderfer Typewriter</a> (PDF). Atlanta, GA: K. M. Turner. 1896. p. 14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/Blick5manual.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on Oct 14, 2021. <q>It is best to use the 'number mark' for plus; the hyphen for minus, and two hyphens for the sign =</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Method+of+Operating+and+Instructions+for+Practice+on+the+Blickensderfer+Typewriter&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+GA&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=K.+M.+Turner&rft.date=1896&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsite.xavier.edu%2Fpolt%2Ftypewriters%2FBlick5manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> e.g. J. W. Marley, "The Detection and Illustration of Forgery By Comparison of Handwriting", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_NEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA180">Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Convention of the Kansas Bankers' Association</a>. Kansas City: Rusell. 1903. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Sixteenth+Annual+Convention+of+the+Kansas+Bankers%27+Association&rft.place=Kansas+City&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Rusell&rft.date=1903&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_NEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPodAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA395">The British Printer vol. viii</a> (1895), p. 395 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThurston1917" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Ernest L. (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businessarithme02thurgoog">Business Arithmetic for Secondary Schools</a>. New York: Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businessarithme02thurgoog/page/n439">419</a>. <q>business symbols pound.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Arithmetic+for+Secondary+Schools&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=419&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Ernest+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbusinessarithme02thurgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceF._Ethel_McAfeeMildred_M._Butler1932" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Nancy M.; F. Ethel McAfee; Mildred M. Butler (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oCsOAQAAIAAJ">Correlated studies in stenography</a>. Gregg. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Correlated+studies+in+stenography&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Gregg&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rft.au=F.+Ethel+McAfee&rft.au=Mildred+M.+Butler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoCsOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Research Review. Navorsingsoorsig vols. 18–21, pp. 117, 259 (1968) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2574435?n=52&s=4&printThumbnails=no">"Remington Standard typewriter"</a>. New York: Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict. 1886. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remington+Standard+typewriter&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Wyckoff%2C+Seamans+%26+Benedict&rft.date=1886&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpds.lib.harvard.edu%2Fpds%2Fview%2F2574435%3Fn%3D52%26s%3D4%26printThumbnails%3Dno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> "Channel Scope". Section 2.2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811">2811</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmu.edu/homepage/computing/2014/summer/originstory.shtml">"#OriginStory"</a>. Carnegie Mellon University. August 29, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601233044/https://www.cmu.edu/homepage/computing/2014/summer/originstory.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23OriginStory&rft.pub=Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmu.edu%2Fhomepage%2Fcomputing%2F2014%2Fsummer%2Foriginstory.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParker,_Ashley2011" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Ashley (June 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/fashion/hashtags-a-new-way-for-tweets-cultural-studies.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all">"Twitter's Secret Handshake"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617001914/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/fashion/hashtags-a-new-way-for-tweets-cultural-studies.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on Jun 17, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Twitter%27s+Secret+Handshake&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft.au=Parker%2C+Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F12%2Ffashion%2Fhashtags-a-new-way-for-tweets-cultural-studies.html%3F_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarren" class="citation news cs1">Warren, Christina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/12/tech/social-media/facebook-hashtags/index.html">"Facebook finally gets #hashtags"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613102217/https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/12/tech/social-media/facebook-hashtags/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on Jun 13, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Facebook+finally+gets+%23hashtags&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F06%2F12%2Ftech%2Fsocial-media%2Ffacebook-hashtags%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarber2004" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Katherine, ed. (2004). The Canadian Oxford dictionary (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved 9 January 2023. <q>In Australia, however, it was better known as the 'hash' sign and only used to mean 'number'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GetProofed&rft.atitle=Writing+Tips%3A+How+to+Use+the+Hash+Sign+%28%23%29&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgetproofed.com.au%2Fwriting-tips%2Fwriting-tips-how-to-use-the-hash-sign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+sign" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/84445">"Hash sign"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116124751/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/84445">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018. 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols479" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>      <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a> </li> <li>  ,   <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> </li> <li>  :   <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> </li> <li>  ;   <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a> </li> <li>  ‐   <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> </li> <li>  ’   '   <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> </li> <li>  ′   ″   ‴   <a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a> </li> <li>  .   <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  &   <a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a> </li> <li>  @   <a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a> </li> <li>  ^   <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a> </li> <li>  /   <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a> </li> <li>  \   <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a> </li> <li>  …   <a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a> </li> <li>  *   <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> </li> <li>  ※   <a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a> </li> <li>  ⁂   <a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a> </li> <li>    •  •  •      <a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  -   <a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a> </li> <li>  ‒   –   —   <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a> </li> <li>  ⹀   ⸗   <a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ?   <a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a> </li> <li>  !   <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a> </li> <li>  ‽   <a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a> </li> <li>  ¡   ¿   <a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a> </li> <li>  ⸮   <a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  #   <a class="mw-selflink selflink">number sign</a> </li> <li>  №   <a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a> </li> <li>  º   ª   <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a> </li> <li>  %   <a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a> </li> <li>  ‰   <a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a> </li> <li>  ‱   <a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a> </li> <li>  °   <a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a> </li> <li>  ⌀   <a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  +   −   <a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a> </li> <li>  ×   <a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a> </li> <li>  ÷   <a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a> </li> <li>  ~   <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> </li> <li>  ±   <a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a> </li> <li>  ∓   <a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a> </li> <li>  √   <a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  _   <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a> </li> <li>  ⁀   <a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a> </li> <li>  |   ¦   ‖   <a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a> </li> <li>  •   <a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a> </li> <li>  ·   <a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ©   <a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a> </li> <li>  ℗   <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a> </li> <li>  ®   <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a> </li> <li>  SM   <a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a> </li> <li>  TM   <a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  ‘ ’   “ ”   ' '   " "   <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a> </li> <li>  ‹ ›   « »   <a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a> </li> <li>  ( )   [ ]   { }   ⟨ ⟩   <a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a> </li> <li>  ”   <a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  †   ‡   <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a> </li> <li>  ❧   <a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus) </li> <li>  ☞   <a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a> </li> <li>  ◊   ⌑   <a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a> </li> <li>  ¶   ⸿   <a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark) </li> <li>  §   <a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_punctuation" title="Vietnamese punctuation">Vietnamese punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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