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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_and_art_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classical and art music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classical_and_art_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classical and art music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classical_and_art_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_art_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_art_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Contemporary art music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_art_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experimental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Experimental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iskelmä" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iskelmä"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iskelmä</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskelmä-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rock music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Heavy metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hip-hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hip-hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hip-hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hip-hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Pop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Contemporary folk music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Electronic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Military music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_listening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_listening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further listening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_listening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Radio stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnische_Musik" title="Finnische Musik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Finnische Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_finlandaise" title="Musique finlandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique finlandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn_zene" title="Finn zene – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Finn zene" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finse_muziek" title="Finse muziek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Finse muziek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_da_Finl%C3%A2ndia" title="Música da Finlândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música da Finlândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Музыка Финляндии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Музыка Финляндии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomalainen_musiikki" title="Suomalainen musiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suomalainen musiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_i_Finland" title="Musik i Finland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Musik i Finland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фінська музика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фінська музика" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Finland" title="Category:Finland">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Culture of Finland</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Finland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_under_Swedish_rule" title="Finland under Swedish rule">Finland under Swedish rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_during_the_Great_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland during the Great Northern War">The Great Wrath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Finnish_Art" title="Golden Age of Finnish Art">Golden Age of Finnish Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Finland" title="Independence of Finland">Independence of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandization" title="Finlandization">Finlandization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland_(1917%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Finland (1917–present)">History of independent Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland" title="Military history of Finland">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg/50px-Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg/75px-Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg/100px-Nuvola_Finnish_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music of Finland</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish folk music">Folk</a></li> <li>Pop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_opera" title="Finnish opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_hip_hop" title="Finnish hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suomisaundi" title="Suomisaundi">Trance</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Specific forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ethnic music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sami_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami music">Sami</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditional music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kantele" title="Kantele">Kantele</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">Humppa</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Regional music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Local forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Republic_of_Karelia" title="Music in the Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li>Khantia-Mansia</li> <li>Mari El</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nenetsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Nenetsia">Nenetsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Finland" title="Template:Music of Finland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Finland" title="Template talk:Music of Finland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>music of Finland</b> can be roughly divided into <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> and contemporary art music, and contemporary popular music. </p><p>The folk music of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> belongs to a broader musical tradition, common amongst <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Finnic_peoples" title="Baltic Finnic peoples">Balto-Finnic people</a>, sung in the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a></i> metre. Though folk songs of the old variety became progressively rarer in western Finland, they remained common in far eastern parts of the country, mainly Savonia and <a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a>. After the publication of <i>Kalevala</i>, this music gained popularity again. In the west, mainstream <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Nordic_dance_music" title="Traditional Nordic dance music">Nordic folk music</a> traditions prevail. The <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami people</a> of northern Finland have their own musical traditions, known as <a href="/wiki/Sami_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami music">Sami music</a>. Finnish folk music has undergone a <a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">roots revival</a>, and has become a part of popular music. </p><p>In the field of classical and contemporary art music, Finland has produced exceptional numbers of musicians and composers. </p><p>Contemporary popular music includes a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> scene like other Nordic countries, as well as prominent <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> bands, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musicians, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> performers and makers of <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Schlager" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlager">Schlager</a> scene with bandstand dancing shows that the local variety of <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a> is popular. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two major traditions of folk music in Finland are <i>Kalevala</i> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Nordic_dance_music" title="Traditional Nordic dance music">Nordic folk music</a> or <i>pelimanni</i> (<a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic</a> <i>spelman</i>, "player of music"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalevala"><i>Kalevala</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kalevala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a> is older. Its most important form is <a href="/wiki/Runic_song" title="Runic song">runonlaulanta</a> ("poem singing", or chanting), traditionally performed in a <a href="/wiki/Trochaic_tetrameter" title="Trochaic tetrameter">trochaic tetrametre</a> using only the first five notes on a scale. Via <a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">alliteration</a>, this type of singing tells stories about heroes such as <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%A4m%C3%B6inen" title="Väinämöinen">Väinämöinen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemmink%C3%A4inen" title="Lemminkäinen">Lemminkäinen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kullervo" title="Kullervo">Kullervo</a>. The songs were memorised, not written down, and performed by a soloist, or by a soloist and a chorus in <a href="/wiki/Antiphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiphony">antiphony</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Vantaa_Chamber_Choir" title="Vantaa Chamber Choir">Vantaa Chamber Choir</a> is an example of a choir that sings such poems in modern arrangements. Traditional Finnish instruments include the <i><a href="/wiki/Kantele" title="Kantele">kantele</a></i>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">chordophone</a>, and was used in the '<b>Kalevala'</b> by the hero <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%A4m%C3%B6inen" title="Väinämöinen">Väinämöinen</a>. More primitive instruments like the <i><a href="/wiki/Jouhikko" title="Jouhikko">jouhikko</a></i> (a <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bowed</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4kkipilli" title="Säkkipilli">säkkipilli</a></i> (Finnish <a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a>) had fallen into disuse, but are now finding new popularity in a folk revival.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rttin%C3%A4" title="Värttinä">Värttinä</a> is a modern group more focused on <i>Kalevala</i> singing traditions and the <i><a href="/wiki/Kantele" title="Kantele">kantele</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="200" data-mwtitle="RAI-OdeonA228021_02.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:RAI-OdeonA228021_02.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/RAI-OdeonA228021_02.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/RAI-OdeonA228021_02.ogg/RAI-OdeonA228021_02.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption> Suomen laulu sung by a choir in 1929.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelimanni">Pelimanni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pelimanni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JPP_Areenalla.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JPP_Areenalla.jpeg/220px-JPP_Areenalla.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JPP_Areenalla.jpeg/330px-JPP_Areenalla.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JPP_Areenalla.jpeg/440px-JPP_Areenalla.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>The folk music band <a href="/wiki/JPP" title="JPP">JPP</a> at the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Kaustinen_Folk_Music_Festival" title="Kaustinen Folk Music Festival">Kaustinen Folk Music Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaustinen" title="Kaustinen">Kaustinen, Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Nordic_dance_music" title="Traditional Nordic dance music">Pelimanni</a> music is the Finnish version of <a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_dance_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic folk dance music">Nordic folk dance music</a>, and it is <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonal</a>. It came to Finland from Central Europe via <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> in the 17th century, and in the 19th century, it replaced the <i>Kalevala</i>ic tradition. <i>Pelimanni</i> was generally played on the <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a> and clarinet. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">harmonium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordions</a> were added. Common dances in the <i>Pelimanni</i> traditions include: <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">mazurka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">schottische</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a>. </p><p>A form of rhyming sleighride singing called <i><a href="/wiki/Rekilaulu" title="Rekilaulu">rekilaulu</a></i> also became popular in the 17th century. Despite opposition from most of the churches in Finland, rekilaulu remained popular and is today a common element in pop songs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since the 1920s, several popular Finnish performers have used rekilaulu as an integral part of their repertoire. Early pioneers in this field of pop rekilaulu included <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kylander" title="Arthur Kylander">Arthur Kylander</a>, while Erkki Rankaviita, <a href="/wiki/Kuunkuiskaajat" title="Kuunkuiskaajat">Kuunkuiskaajat</a>, and Pinnin Pojat sustained the tradition. </p><p>Early in the 20th century, the region of <a href="/wiki/Kaustinen" title="Kaustinen">Kaustinen</a> became a center of innovation for <i>Pelimanni</i> music. Friiti Ojala and Antti Järvelä were fiddlers of the period. <a href="/wiki/Konsta_Jylh%C3%A4" title="Konsta Jylhä">Konsta Jylhä</a> and the other members of Purpuripelimannit (formed in 1946) became perhaps the most influential group of this period. Well-known Finnish folk music groups of today in the Kaustinen tradition include <a href="/wiki/JPP" title="JPP">JPP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frigg_(band)" title="Frigg (band)">Frigg</a> (although part Norwegian), and Troka. Another important folk musician of today is the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kalaniemi" title="Maria Kalaniemi">Maria Kalaniemi</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="189" data-mwtitle="HMVX3127_01.mp3.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:HMVX3127_01.mp3.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/HMVX3127_01.mp3.ogg/HMVX3127_01.mp3.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/HMVX3127_01.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Sikerma Laulaunaytelmasta performed in 1929.</figcaption></figure> <p>Common instruments today include trumpets, <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whistle" title="Whistle">whistle</a>. Important virtuosos include Leena Joutsenlahti, Teppo Repo and Virpi Forsberg. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, influences from modern music and dances such as <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foxtrot_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxtrot (dance)">foxtrot</a> led to distinctively Finnish forms of dance music, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">humppa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jenkka" title="Jenkka">jenkka</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sami_music">Sami music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sami music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sami_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami music">Sami music</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a> of northern Finland, Sweden, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> are known for highly spiritual songs called <i><a href="/wiki/Joik" title="Joik">joik</a></i>, reminiscent of a few types of <a href="/wiki/Native_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American music">Native American</a> singing. The same word sometimes refers to <i>lavlu</i> or <i>vuelie</i> songs, though this is technically incorrect. <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">Hip hop</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Amoc_(rapper)" title="Amoc (rapper)">Amoc</a> is noted for rapping in <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a>, a Sami language from the area of <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_and_art_music">Classical and art music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Classical and art music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg/220px-V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg/330px-V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg/440px-V%C3%A5rt_land_-_front_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption>Vårt land (Maamme), the national anthem of Finland, from 1863</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th century, public concerts were established in <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erik_Tulindberg" title="Erik Tulindberg">Erik Tulindberg</a> wrote six famous string quartets. After Russia's 1809 annexation of Finland, the cities of <a href="/wiki/Viipuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Viipuri">Viipuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> became cultural centers and opera became popular. The first Finnish opera was written by the German composer <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Pacius" title="Fredrik Pacius">Fredrik Pacius</a> in 1852. Pacius also wrote <a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme"><i>Maamme/Vårt land</i> (Our Land)</a>, Finland's <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> and founded <a href="/wiki/Akademen" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademen">Akademiska Sångföreningen</a> in year 1838, the oldest still active choir in Finland. </p><p>In 1874, the Society for Culture and Education <i>(Kansanvalistusseura)</i> was founded to provide opportunities for artistic expression, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a> festival in 1881. The festival, organized on Estonian roots, continues today. In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_Chorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki University Chorus">Helsinki University Chorus</a> <i>(Ylioppilaskunnan Laulajat)</i> was founded as a Finnish-language choir amidst the mostly <a href="/wiki/Swedish-speaking_Finns" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish-speaking Finns">Swedish-speaking</a> scene.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year conductor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kajanus" title="Robert Kajanus">Robert Kajanus</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra">Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Wegelius" title="Martin Wegelius">Martin Wegelius</a> founded what became the <a href="/wiki/Sibelius_Academy" title="Sibelius Academy">Sibelius Academy</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Sibelius,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg/220px-Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg/330px-Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg/440px-Jean_Sibelius%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a> (1865–1957), the national composer of Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1890s, Finnish <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> based on the <i>Kalevala</i> spread, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a> became famous for his vocal symphony <a href="/wiki/Kullervo_(Sibelius)" title="Kullervo (Sibelius)"><i>Kullervo</i></a>. He received a grant to study poetry singers in <a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a> and continued his rise as the first internationally prominent Finnish musician. In 1899 he composed <a href="/wiki/Finlandia_(symphonic_poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finlandia (symphonic poem)"><i>Finlandia</i></a>, which played an important role in Finnish independence. He remains one of Finland's most popular national figures and national symbol. </p><p>Alongside Sibelius, national romanticism sprouted other composers who contributed in the formation of a distinct Finnish style of music. <a href="/wiki/Heino_Kaski" title="Heino Kaski">Heino Kaski</a> was a composer of small chamber music pieces; <a href="/wiki/Erkki_Melartin" title="Erkki Melartin">Erkki Melartin</a>'s output includes six symphonies; <a href="/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_Kilpinen" title="Yrjö Kilpinen">Yrjö Kilpinen</a> composed solo songs, as well as <a href="/wiki/Leevi_Madetoja" title="Leevi Madetoja">Leevi Madetoja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toivo_Kuula" title="Toivo Kuula">Toivo Kuula</a>. In the 1930s composers including <a href="/wiki/Uuno_Klami" title="Uuno Klami">Uuno Klami</a> and Yrjö Kilpinen rose to popularity. Kilpinen's approach was somewhat nationalistic, whereas Klami had Karelian influences, leaning towards French models. </p><p>Finland had a lively classical music scene. Composers were supported by conductors such as <a href="/wiki/Mikko_Franck" title="Mikko Franck">Mikko Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esa-Pekka_Salonen" title="Esa-Pekka Salonen">Esa-Pekka Salonen</a> (also a notable composer), <a href="/wiki/Jukka-Pekka_Saraste" title="Jukka-Pekka Saraste">Jukka-Pekka Saraste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmo_V%C3%A4nsk%C3%A4" title="Osmo Vänskä">Osmo Vänskä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susanna_M%C3%A4lkki" title="Susanna Mälkki">Susanna Mälkki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leif_Segerstam" title="Leif Segerstam">Leif Segerstam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakari_Oramo" title="Sakari Oramo">Sakari Oramo</a>. Many Finnish singers and instrumentalists achieved international success. Among them are opera singers <a href="/wiki/Martti_Talvela" title="Martti Talvela">Martti Talvela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karita_Mattila" title="Karita Mattila">Karita Mattila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matti_Salminen" title="Matti Salminen">Matti Salminen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soile_Isokoski" title="Soile Isokoski">Soile Isokoski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topi_Lehtipuu" title="Topi Lehtipuu">Topi Lehtipuu</a>, pianists <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Gothoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf Gothoni">Ralf Gothoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olli_Mustonen" title="Olli Mustonen">Olli Mustonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risto_Lauriala" title="Risto Lauriala">Risto Lauriala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janne_Mertanen" title="Janne Mertanen">Janne Mertanen</a> and Paavali Jumppanen, as well as clarinettist <a href="/wiki/Kari_Kriikku" title="Kari Kriikku">Kari Kriikku</a> and violinist <a href="/wiki/Pekka_Kuusisto" title="Pekka Kuusisto">Pekka Kuusisto</a>. Practically all prominent Finnish musicians perform both classical and contemporary art music. </p><p>The opening of the new <a href="/wiki/Finnish_National_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish National Opera">Finnish National Opera</a> in 1993 and the new <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Music_Centre" title="Helsinki Music Centre">Helsingin Musiikkitalo</a> in 2011 strengthened the position of classical and art music. The orchestra network in Finland might be proportionally the densest in the world, including 30 member orchestras of the Association of Finnish Symphony Orchestras.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_opera" title="Finnish opera">Finnish opera</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aino_Ackt%C3%A9" title="Aino Ackté">Aino Ackté</a> and other opera singers founded the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Opera">Finnish Opera</a> in 1911. Ackté began a festival in <a href="/wiki/Savonlinna" title="Savonlinna">Savonlinna</a> the following year; this was the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Savonlinna_Opera_Festival" title="Savonlinna Opera Festival">Savonlinna Opera Festival</a>, which launched in the 1960s, shortly before the new Finnish opera became famous in the 1970s. Leevi Madetoja's 1924 <i><a href="/wiki/Pohjalaisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohjalaisia">Pohjalaisia</a></i>, an operatic <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> about Russian oppression during previous decades, became popular during the 1920s. At roughly the same time, <a href="/wiki/Aarre_Merikanto" title="Aarre Merikanto">Aarre Merikanto</a> composed the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Juha_(Merikanto)" title="Juha (Merikanto)">Juha</a></i> to the libretto by Aino Ackté, who rejected it and asked Leevi Madetoja to compose another version instead; Merikanto's Juha was first performed after the composer's death in 1958, and became regarded as an underrated masterwork.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aulis_Sallinen" title="Aulis Sallinen">Aulis Sallinen</a> started a new wave of Finnish opera in the 1970s with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horseman_(opera)" title="The Horseman (opera)">The Horseman</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Line" title="The Red Line">The Red Line</a></i>. <i>The Red Line</i> earned productions in Moscow, London, and New York City. Along with Sallinen's stage works, <a href="/wiki/Joonas_Kokkonen" title="Joonas Kokkonen">Joonas Kokkonen</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Temptations" title="The Last Temptations">The Last Temptations</a></i> contributed to that era's rise of Finnish opera music. More recent major operas by Finnish composers include among others <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a>'s <i>L'Amour de loin</i> and <i>Adriana mater</i> as well as <a href="/wiki/Olli_Kortekangas" title="Olli Kortekangas">Olli Kortekangas</a>'s <i>Isän tyttö</i> ("Daddy's Girl"). </p><p>Since the 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/Lahti_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Lahti Symphony Orchestra">Lahti Symphony Orchestra</a>'s reputation as one of the most important Scandinavian orchestras was cemented by conductor <a href="/wiki/Osmo_V%C3%A4nsk%C3%A4" title="Osmo Vänskä">Osmo Vänskä</a>; this helped to cause a boom in opera's popularity during the 1980s, rescuing a form increasingly seen as archaic elsewhere. The Savonlinna Opera Festival reopened in 1967. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martti_Talvela" title="Martti Talvela">Martti Talvela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karita_Mattila" title="Karita Mattila">Karita Mattila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Hynninen" title="Jorma Hynninen">Jorma Hynninen</a> became international opera stars, while composers like <a href="/wiki/Kalevi_Aho" title="Kalevi Aho">Kalevi Aho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olli_Kortekangas" title="Olli Kortekangas">Olli Kortekangas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Heininen" title="Paavo Heininen">Paavo Heininen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aulis_Sallinen" title="Aulis Sallinen">Aulis Sallinen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Einojuhani_Rautavaara" title="Einojuhani Rautavaara">Einojuhani Rautavaara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atso_Almila" title="Atso Almila">Atso Almila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Kuusisto" title="Ilkka Kuusisto">Ilkka Kuusisto</a> composed successful operas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_art_music">Contemporary art music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary art music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first wave of post-classical music in Finland came about in the 1920s with modernists Aarre Merikanto, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Raitio" title="Väinö Raitio">Väinö Raitio</a> and Sulho Ranta. However, this movement was tamed by the growing nationalistic tendency in the arts before the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Erik Bergman</a> and Joonas Kokkonen gained popularity and added technical innovations to Finnish music. A generation of Finnish composers turned to modernism, such as <a href="/wiki/Einojuhani_Rautavaara" title="Einojuhani Rautavaara">Einojuhani Rautavaara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usko_Meril%C3%A4inen" title="Usko Meriläinen">Usko Meriläinen</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">neoclassical</a> style found voice in the music of <a href="/wiki/Einar_Englund" title="Einar Englund">Einar Englund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1950s saw an increase in international attention on Finnish music and helped modernize Finnish composing. </p><p>The forming of the <i>Ears Open!</i> society in 1977<sup id="cite_ref-fimic.fi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fimic.fi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> turned out to be the major change in Finnish art music. From its circles emerged composers and musicians who achieved worldwide success, notably conductor-composer Esa-Pekka Salonen, and composers <a href="/wiki/Eero_H%C3%A4meenniemi" title="Eero Hämeenniemi">Eero Hämeenniemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Lindberg_(Finnish_composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus Lindberg (Finnish composer)">Magnus Lindberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jouni_Kaipainen" title="Jouni Kaipainen">Jouni Kaipainen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fimic.fi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fimic.fi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early <i>Ears Open!</i> society followed Central European modernism along the lines of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, but also showed interest in post-war <a href="/wiki/Polish_School_(music)" title="Polish School (music)">Polish School</a> composers such as <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutoslawski" class="mw-redirect" title="Witold Lutoslawski">Witold Lutoslawski</a>. <i>Ears Open!</i> was followed by the forming of <a href="/wiki/Avanti!_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Avanti! Chamber Orchestra">Avanti! Chamber Orchestra</a> in 1983, which offered a platform for composers and instrumentalists to introduce new works and stylistic flows in Finland. </p><p>In the 21st century, the modernist movement waned, but is still represented by composers such as <a href="/wiki/Veli-Matti_Puumala" title="Veli-Matti Puumala">Veli-Matti Puumala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lotta_Wenn%C3%A4koski" title="Lotta Wennäkoski">Lotta Wennäkoski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juhani Nuorvala is a rare <a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">minimalist</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Osmo_Tapio_R%C3%A4ih%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="Osmo Tapio Räihälä">Osmo Tapio Räihälä</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Fagerlund" title="Sebastian Fagerlund">Sebastian Fagerlund</a> lean more towards <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">post-modernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Performance of contemporary art music blossomed in Finland, with specialized groups including <a href="/wiki/Uusinta_Chamber_Ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Uusinta Chamber Ensemble">Uusinta Chamber Ensemble</a> and Zagros. The most important stages for contemporary art music are the established festivals Time of Music in <a href="/wiki/Viitasaari" title="Viitasaari">Viitasaari</a>, Musica nova Helsinki and <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Biennale" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampere Biennale">Tampere Biennale</a>, as well as the Klang Concert Series in Helsinki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental">Experimental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Experimental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classical elements and mysterious soundscapes characterize the compositions of Finnish film score composer <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ringo" title="Diana Ringo">Diana Ringo</a>. Popular singer <a href="/wiki/Anna_Eriksson" title="Anna Eriksson">Anna Eriksson</a> creates experimental music and film scores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Music_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Music of Finland">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iskelmä"><span id="Iskelm.C3.A4"></span>Iskelmä</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iskelmä"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg/150px-Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg/225px-Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg/300px-Olavi-Virta-1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4746" data-file-height="4775" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olavi_Virta" title="Olavi Virta">Olavi Virta</a> in 1956</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg/220px-Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg/330px-Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg/440px-Irwin_Goodman_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Goodman" title="Irwin Goodman">Irwin Goodman</a> pictured in 1966</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kari_Tapio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kari_Tapio.jpg/220px-Kari_Tapio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kari_Tapio.jpg/330px-Kari_Tapio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kari_Tapio.jpg/440px-Kari_Tapio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kari_Tapio" title="Kari Tapio">Kari Tapio</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Iskelmä (coined directly from the German word <i><a href="/wiki/Schlager" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlager">Schlager</a></i>, meaning <i>hit</i>) is a traditional Finnish word for a light popular song. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Malmst%C3%A9n" title="Georg Malmstén">Georg Malmstén</a> started his career in the 1930s. Others, such as <a href="/wiki/Dallap%C3%A9" title="Dallapé">Dallapé</a>, incorporated then-novel <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> elements. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> but before <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, names such as <a href="/wiki/Olavi_Virta" title="Olavi Virta">Olavi Virta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tapio_Rautavaara" title="Tapio Rautavaara">Tapio Rautavaara</a> were popular singers, and <a href="/wiki/Toivo_K%C3%A4rki" title="Toivo Kärki">Toivo Kärki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reino_Helismaa" title="Reino Helismaa">Reino Helismaa</a> were popular songwriters. Foreign musical genres such as <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a> found domestic audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most acclaimed Finnish chanteuses of this time period were <a href="/wiki/Laila_Kinnunen" title="Laila Kinnunen">Laila Kinnunen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carola_Standertskj%C3%B6ld" title="Carola Standertskjöld">Carola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annikki_T%C3%A4hti" title="Annikki Tähti">Annikki Tähti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brita_Koivunen" title="Brita Koivunen">Brita Koivunen</a> and Vieno Kekkonen. </p><p>From the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Goodman" title="Irwin Goodman">Irwin Goodman</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Antti Hammarberg) combined <i>iskelmä</i> and <a href="/wiki/Protest_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest songs">protest songs</a>, gaining popularity with humorous tunes penned by <a href="/wiki/Vexi_Salmi" title="Vexi Salmi">Vexi Salmi</a>, who also wrote for other Finnish artists. <a href="/wiki/Juha_Vainio" title="Juha Vainio">Juha "Watt" Vainio</a> was another popular songwriter, known for Finnish renditions of many international hits, but for his own songs and performing in his own right. In the 1970s, "Finnhits" compilation records of various artists continued in the <i>iskelmä</i> tradition. Rural-flavoured <i><a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">humppa</a></i> became a successful variation of <i>iskelmä</i>, later parodied by <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A4kel%C3%A4iset" title="Eläkeläiset">Eläkeläiset</a>. Other popular Finnish <i>iskelmä</i> singers are <a href="/wiki/Katri_Helena" title="Katri Helena">Katri Helena</a>, Danny (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Lipsanen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkka Lipsanen">Ilkka Lipsanen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fredi_(singer)" title="Fredi (singer)">Fredi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eino_Gr%C3%B6n" title="Eino Grön">Eino Grön</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erkki_Junkkarinen" title="Erkki Junkkarinen">Erkki Junkkarinen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_(singer)" title="Frederik (singer)">Frederik</a> (a.k.a. Ilkka Sysimetsä), <a href="/wiki/Marion_Rung" title="Marion Rung">Marion Rung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapani_Kansa" title="Tapani Kansa">Tapani Kansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirka" title="Kirka">Kirka</a> (a.k.a. Kirill Babitzin), <a href="/wiki/Matti_ja_Teppo" title="Matti ja Teppo">Matti ja Teppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jari_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Jari Sillanpää">Jari Sillanpää</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kikka_Sir%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikka Sirén">Kikka Sirén</a>. </p><p>The annual <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> is avidly followed in Finland and in 2006 Finland won with the melodic heavy rock band <a href="/wiki/Lordi" title="Lordi">Lordi</a>. </p><p>Like Finnish music in general, <i>iskelmä</i> is written mostly in <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">minor keys</a>. The melodies have a distinguishable Finnish "flavour" that is somewhat related to Russian and Italian melodies and harmonies although Scandinavian and Anglo-American influence can also be heard. </p><p><i>Iskelmä</i> music is essentially dance music, and it is mostly performed on dancing stages and halls around the country. The best known and perhaps most loved and respected dance is the <a href="/wiki/Tango_(ballroom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (ballroom)">tango</a>. Notably, the annual Finnish contest for <i>iskelmä</i> artists is "<a href="/wiki/Tangomarkkinat" title="Tangomarkkinat">Tangomarkkinat</a>", meaning "The Tango Marketplace"; many of the stars of contemporary <i>iskelmä</i> have won this competition and it is a major spectacle in Finland, comparable with the <a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a> in Italy. </p><p>Iskelmä is typically non-urban music and its greatest popularity is situated to the countryside and smaller cities. </p><p>Traditionally <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> has been the major instrument in iskelmä music and it is still played, but has in most cases been replaced by guitar, <a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric piano</a> and synthesizer. These, with drums, electric bass and occasional use of saxophone form the basic instrumentation of <i>iskelmä</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock_music">Rock music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rock music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Rock music in Finland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg/220px-Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg/330px-Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg/440px-Hurriganes-1980-Kaivopuisto-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="3957" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hurriganes" title="Hurriganes">Hurriganes</a> members Cisse Häkkinen (with bass) and <a href="/wiki/Remu_Aaltonen" title="Remu Aaltonen">Remu Aaltonen</a> (with drums) performing in <a href="/wiki/Kaivopuisto" title="Kaivopuisto">Kaivopuisto</a>, Helsinki in 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>Rock arrived in Finland in the 1950s. Founded in the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Love_Records" title="Love Records">Love Records</a> was one of the first domestic record labels dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Finnish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish rock">Finnish rock music</a>, even though the label's roster also included jazz and political songs. During the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Blues_Section" title="Blues Section">Blues Section</a>, a group inspired by <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a> gained a reputation as "the first Finnish band of international quality". Another band that gained some reputation was Apollo that later featured jazz-drummer <a href="/wiki/Edward_Vesala" title="Edward Vesala">Edward Vesala</a>. The early work had little typical Finnish "flavour" and most bands covered music by international bands. <a href="/wiki/Blues_Section" title="Blues Section">Blues Section</a> later developed into internationally acknowledged "superband" Wigwam, featuring English singer <a href="/wiki/Jim_Pembroke" title="Jim Pembroke">Jim Pembroke</a>, who wrote many of their songs. Originally they also played songs with Finnish lyrics written by <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Gustafsson" title="Jukka Gustafsson">Jukka Gustafsson</a> such as the classical "Luulosairas". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla;_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_(KUVMIKD18-2_02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg/220px-Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg/330px-Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg/440px-Tuuliajolla_rock-kiertue_Lappeenrannan_kes%C3%A4teatterilla%3B_Juice_Leskinen_esiintymislavalla_1982_%28KUVMIKD18-2_02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juice_Leskinen" title="Juice Leskinen">Juice Leskinen</a> on a rock tour</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1970s, progressive rock groups <a href="/wiki/Wigwam_(progressive_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wigwam (progressive rock)">Wigwam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasavallan_Presidentti" title="Tasavallan Presidentti">Tasavallan Presidentti</a> received critical acclaim in the United Kingdom, but fame evaded them. <a href="/wiki/Pekka_Streng" title="Pekka Streng">Pekka Streng</a> was one of the pioneers of Finnish rock music via his progressive spiritual folkrock and Finnish lyrics. The 2000s experienced a Streng-renaissance and one of his songs became an international club hit. Hard-rock group <a href="/wiki/Hurriganes" title="Hurriganes">Hurriganes</a> was popular in Sweden as well as in Finland. <a href="/wiki/Hector_(musician)" title="Hector (musician)">Hector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juice_Leskinen" title="Juice Leskinen">Juice Leskinen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Lindholm" title="Dave Lindholm">Dave Lindholm</a> and many other successful artists of the 1970s sang in Finnish, which continued in later years. During the 1970s these artists birthed "<a href="/wiki/Suomirock" class="mw-redirect" title="Suomirock">suomirock</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suomirock" class="mw-redirect" title="Suomirock">Suomirock</a> literally means Finnish rock music. However, its meaning is more specific, covering rock/pop music with Finnish lyrics. As a genre it started in the 1980s following the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> movement. It is a form of rock music that is recognizably Finnish with Finnish lyrics. A more general and recent term is "suomipop". The boundaries between what is considered "rock" and "pop" blurred and depend upon personal preference. Traditionally in <a href="/wiki/Iskelm%C3%A4-music" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskelmä-music"><i>iskelmä</i></a> the performers did not write their songs, while in the rock scene the singer-songwriter ruled. In the 2000s new performers such as <i><a href="/wiki/Idols_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idols (Finland)">Idols</a></i> songcontest winner <a href="/wiki/Ari_Koivunen" title="Ari Koivunen">Ari Koivunen</a> performed even heavy rock in the <i>iskelmä</i> manner, which used to be typical only in <i>iskelmä</i>-scene. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> movement arrived in Finland in 1977 and influenced Finnish youth culture. <a href="/wiki/Pelle_Miljoona" title="Pelle Miljoona">Pelle Miljoona</a> was the most famous Finnish punk singer. <a href="/wiki/Terveet_K%C3%A4det" title="Terveet Kädet">Terveet Kädet</a> started the hardcore punk-wave. <a href="/wiki/Eppu_Normaali" title="Eppu Normaali">Eppu Normaali</a> also started during this period, (later to change its style from punk to rock/pop). At the same time, Finland had a massive movement of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> fans, later parodied by Finnish <a href="/wiki/Lo-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lo-fi">lo-fi</a> punk band <a href="/wiki/Liimanarina" title="Liimanarina">Liimanarina</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg/220px-Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg/330px-Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg/440px-Pertti-Neumann-1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3329" data-file-height="5043" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dingo_(band)" title="Dingo (band)">Dingo</a>'s lead singer Pertti Neumann performing in 1984</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_(51414466739).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg/120px-Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg/180px-Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg/240px-Michael_Monroe_Hanoi_Rocks_2_%2851414466739%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Rocks" title="Hanoi Rocks">Hanoi Rocks</a>'s lead singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Monroe" title="Michael Monroe">Michael Monroe</a> performing in 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1980s, most favoured artists were punkish <a href="/wiki/Dingo_(band)" title="Dingo (band)">Dingo</a> and heavy-hearted <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6" title="Yö">Yö</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">night</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), both singing their lyrics in Finnish and being from <a href="/wiki/Pori" title="Pori">Pori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the underground, <a href="/wiki/Ismo_Alanko" title="Ismo Alanko">Ismo Alanko</a>, considered by many as the foremost Finnish rock lyricist, gained a legendary status with his punkish groups <a href="/wiki/Hassisen_Kone" title="Hassisen Kone">Hassisen Kone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sielun_Veljet" title="Sielun Veljet">Sielun Veljet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kauko_R%C3%B6yhk%C3%A4" title="Kauko Röyhkä">Kauko Röyhkä</a> was another literate underground icon, leaning musically towards <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Underground" class="mw-redirect" title="Velvet Underground">Velvet Underground</a>. The 1980s showed short international fame for <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> style <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Rocks" title="Hanoi Rocks">Hanoi Rocks</a>. Hanoi Rocks and <a href="/wiki/Smack_(Finnish_band)" title="Smack (Finnish band)">Smack</a> have been cited as an influence by major American bands such as Guns N' Roses and Foo Fighters. </p><p>Heavy metal was popular in Finland during the 1980s, producing groups like <a href="/wiki/Stone_(band)" title="Stone (band)">Stone</a>, the latter being a fondly remembered speed metal act. <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> is also popular in Finland, including bands such as <a href="/wiki/Endstand" title="Endstand">Endstand</a>, Abduktio, I Walk the Line, and <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouse Project">Lighthouse Project</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/220px-Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/330px-Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/440px-Apulanta_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3866" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apulanta" title="Apulanta">Apulanta</a> performing at the 2014 Rakuuna Rock festival</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s Finnish rock parody group the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Cowboys" title="Leningrad Cowboys">Leningrad Cowboys</a> flourished. It was an international rock comedy band that grew out of the Finnish comedy band <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Sleepers" title="Sleepy Sleepers">Sleepy Sleepers</a>. Its members appeared in <a href="/wiki/Aki_Kaurism%C3%A4ki" title="Aki Kaurismäki">Aki Kaurismäki</a>'s comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Cowboys_Go_America" title="Leningrad Cowboys Go America">Leningrad Cowboys Go America</a>. They</i> performed live at the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Music Awards">MTV Music Awards</a> in New York City in 1994, together with the full <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble" title="Alexandrov Ensemble">Red Army Choir</a>, performing "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Home_Alabama" title="Sweet Home Alabama">Sweet Home Alabama</a>". This was the biggest TV audience for any Finnish music artist ever. Leningrad Cowboys were famous for outrageous outfits including ridiculous rock-a-billy hairdos and ultra-pointed shoes. The band remained popular in parts of Europe. </p><p>Finnish bands tend to write lyrics in English to broaden their audience. However, 1990s bands such as <a href="/wiki/Apulanta" title="Apulanta">Apulanta</a>, Miljoonasade, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Bra" title="Ultra Bra">Ultra Bra</a> and the shamanic art-punk group <a href="/wiki/CMX_(band)" title="CMX (band)">CMX</a> found success with Finnish lyrics. The hard-to-define electronic country garage rock group <a href="/wiki/22_Pistepirkko" class="mw-redirect" title="22 Pistepirkko">22 Pistepirkko</a> got excellent reviews in the Finnish rock press and reached cult status in Central Europe. Other notable Finnish cult rock groups of this era include the psychedelic band <a href="/wiki/Hendrixian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrixian">Hendrixian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingston_Wall" title="Kingston Wall">Kingston Wall</a> that was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a> and genres of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>, and equally psychedelic but gothic, gloomy, and heavy, <a href="/wiki/Mana_Mana" title="Mana Mana">Mana Mana</a>. </p><p>A band that enjoyed critical and commercial success in the 2000s is <a href="/wiki/The_Rasmus" title="The Rasmus">The Rasmus</a>. After eleven years and several domestic releases, the band gained attention in Europe. Their <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Letters" title="Dead Letters">Dead Letters</a></i> (2003) album sold 1.5 million units worldwide and garnered eight gold and five platinum album designations. The single "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadows_(song)" title="In the Shadows (song)">In the Shadows</a>" placed on Top 10 charts in eleven countries and was the most played video on <a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Europe">MTV Europe</a> for 2005. The Helsinki natives released their follow-up album, <i><a href="/wiki/Hide_From_The_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hide From The Sun">Hide From The Sun</a></i>, domestically in 2005, r eaching the U.S. in 2006. To promote the U.S. release, the band toured with the Welsh band <a href="/wiki/Lostprophets" title="Lostprophets">Lostprophets</a>. The album <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Roses_(The_Rasmus_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Roses (The Rasmus album)">Black Roses</a></i> was released worldwide on 29 September 2008. It was produced by <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Child" title="Desmond Child">Desmond Child</a> and the first single was called <i><a href="/wiki/Livin%27_in_a_World_Without_You" title="Livin' in a World Without You">Livin' in a World Without You</a></i>. The band continued in the 2020s and competed in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_metal">Heavy metal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Heavy metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg/220px-20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg/330px-20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg/440px-20160709_Ballenstedt_RockHarz_Children_of_Bodom_0221_Children_of_Bodom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4245" data-file-height="2825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexi_Laiho" title="Alexi Laiho">Alexi Laiho</a>, one of the founding members of <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Bodom" title="Children of Bodom">Children of Bodom</a>, at the 2016 Rockharz Open Air Festival in <a href="/wiki/Ballenstedt" title="Ballenstedt">Ballenstedt</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg/220px-2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg/330px-2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg/440px-2018_Lordi_-_by_2eight_-_8SC3458.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>Monster band <a href="/wiki/Lordi" title="Lordi">Lordi</a> at the 2018 Hirsch Festival in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg</a>, Germary</figcaption></figure> <p>Finland is known for <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> acts, including from the <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doom_metal" title="Doom metal">doom metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">folk metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_metal" title="Power metal">power metal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">symphonic metal</a> subgenres. </p><p>Finland hosts a strong underground doom metal scene more focused on the depressive mood of the genre, evoking intense grief.<sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bands play with slow tempos and melodic tones, creating an atmosphere of darkness and melancholia.<sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This scene was kick-started by <a href="/wiki/Spiritus_Mortis" title="Spiritus Mortis">Rigor Mortis</a> (which, due to an older US band with the same name, changed their name to Spiritus Mortis), which originated in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mortis_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mortis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable bands include <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Bizarre" title="Reverend Bizarre">Reverend Bizarre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RevBiz_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RevBiz-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minotauri" title="Minotauri">Minotauri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mortis_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mortis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dolorian" title="Dolorian">Dolorian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shape_of_Despair" title="Shape of Despair">Shape of Despair</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swallow_the_Sun" title="Swallow the Sun">Swallow the Sun</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thergothon" title="Thergothon">Thergothon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Skepticism_(band)" title="Skepticism (band)">Skepticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grief_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Unholy_(band)" title="Unholy (band)">Unholy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later 1990s the <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_metal" title="Symphonic metal">symphonic metal</a> group <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptica" title="Apocalyptica">Apocalyptica</a> played <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> cover songs as cello quartets and sold half a million records worldwide. The recently retired <a href="/wiki/Timo_Rautiainen_%26_Trio_Niskalaukaus" title="Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus">Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus</a> were one of Finland's most popular metal acts in the early 2000s, after leaving late 1980s – early 1990s cult band <a href="/wiki/Lyijykomppania" title="Lyijykomppania">Lyijykomppania</a>. Children's power metal band <a href="/wiki/Hevisaurus" title="Hevisaurus">Hevisaurus</a> became popular in Finland. </p><p>Finnish metal bands attained worldwide success within the underground metal scene. Examples of such bands include <a href="/wiki/Stratovarius" title="Stratovarius">Stratovarius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonata_Arctica" title="Sonata Arctica">Sonata Arctica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Bodom" title="Children of Bodom">Children of Bodom</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg/220px-Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg/330px-Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg/440px-Tarja_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tarja_Turunen" title="Tarja Turunen">Tarja Turunen</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Nightwish" title="Nightwish">Nightwish</a> is considered a pioneer of symphonic metal that mixes in power metal and gothic metal and had <a href="/wiki/Tarja_Turunen" title="Tarja Turunen">Tarja Turunen</a>, a classical soprano, as its vocalist until 2005. The band received platinum and gold certifications for its albums sales in many countries and became the third best selling Finnish artist. The band was nominated for awards and took home 11 Emma-gala awards, the Echo award, the Mtv Europe music award, the World music award and the Metal Storm award. In 2000 the band participated in the Finnish qualification for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a>, reaching second place. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kotiteollisuus" title="Kotiteollisuus">Kotiteollisuus</a> was one of Finland's most popular bands, producing one platinum and several gold albums and winning Emma-awards in 2003 and 2005 for best metal record ("Helvetistä itään") and best DVD ("Kotiteollisuus"), respectively. </p><p>Finnish hard rock band <a href="/wiki/Lordi" title="Lordi">Lordi</a> won the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest with a record 292 points, Finland's first-ever victory. They submitted "<a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Hallelujah" title="Hard Rock Hallelujah">Hard Rock Hallelujah</a>", and they celebrated their win with a free concert in <a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Helsinki" title="Market Square, Helsinki">Market Square</a> in Helsinki, on 26 May 2006. They broke the world record for <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke singing</a> with about 80,000 voices singing "Hard Rock Hallelujah".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lordi was one of the most watched competitors of the Eurovision Song Contest internationally,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the band aroused positive media interest, while some foreigners accused Lordi of <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">satanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HIM-milano1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HIM-milano1.jpg/220px-HIM-milano1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HIM-milano1.jpg/330px-HIM-milano1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HIM-milano1.jpg/440px-HIM-milano1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>An internationally successful <a href="/wiki/HIM_(Finnish_band)" title="HIM (Finnish band)">HIM</a> band performing in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>From the beginning of 2000, <a href="/wiki/HIM_(Finnish_band)" title="HIM (Finnish band)">HIM</a> reached greater sales and more international success than any other band to come from Finland. Going gold with their first official American release <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Light_(HIM_album)" title="Dark Light (HIM album)">Dark Light</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which two singles, "<a href="/wiki/Wings_of_a_Butterfly" title="Wings of a Butterfly">Wings of a Butterfly</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Killing_Loneliness" title="Killing Loneliness">Killing Loneliness</a>", reached number one and two, respectively, on the Finnish Singles Chart.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former cracked the top ten in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Finnish bands have followed the lead of that band; <a href="/wiki/Entwine" title="Entwine">Entwine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lullacry" title="Lullacry">Lullacry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poisonblack" title="Poisonblack">Poisonblack</a> are such bands. </p><p>Heavy metal group <a href="/wiki/Blind_Channel" title="Blind Channel">Blind Channel</a> finished sixth in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">Eurovision Song Contest 2021</a> with their song "<a href="/wiki/Dark_Side_(Blind_Channel_song)" title="Dark Side (Blind Channel song)">Dark Side</a>". </p><p>Other well-known metal bands are <a href="/wiki/Amorphis" title="Amorphis">Amorphis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beherit" title="Beherit">Beherit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impaled_Nazarene" title="Impaled Nazarene">Impaled Nazarene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Chaos" title="Throne of Chaos">Throne of Chaos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turisas" title="Turisas">Turisas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ensiferum" title="Ensiferum">Ensiferum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hip-hop">Hip-hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hip-hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finland hip-hop bands emerged during the late 1990s to early 2000s. One of the first Finnish Hip Hop records with lyrics in English was recorded at Vernissa (C) Manus / (P) Johanna Kustannus 1991 by Damn The Band. Later Finland offered <a href="/wiki/Nuera" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuera">Nuera</a> with MC's Skem (Henry Kaprali) and Dream (Petri Laurila) from Tampere region. Nuera's first release was in 1992. Same guys, together with DJ K2 were also behind a hip-hop based radio show on YleX. The first popular hip-hop band to break the taboo of making rap lyrics in Finnish (rapping in Finnish was not regarded as serious business because the first artists to do this in the early 1990s such as <a href="/wiki/Raptori" title="Raptori">Raptori</a>, Nikke T and Pääkköset were humorous project and were popular mostly among children) was <a href="/wiki/Fintelligens" title="Fintelligens">Fintelligens</a> arguably one of the most successful hip hop bands in Finland. Let's not forget about Ceebrolistics, their first cassette single <i>Sping</i> was released in 1995 their lyrics has been both in Finnish and English. Few other important popular but underground acts were MC Taakibörsta, <a href="/wiki/Notkea_Rotta" title="Notkea Rotta">Notkea Rotta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleface_(Finnish_musician)" title="Paleface (Finnish musician)">Paleface</a> just to mention a few from the same era. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/220px-Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/330px-Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg/440px-Cheek_-_Rakuuna_Rock_2014_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cheek_(rapper)" title="Cheek (rapper)">Cheek (rapper)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Today rap music is one of the major genres of Finnish pop-music and there are many artists, who have reached wide popularity. Still it can be said, that rap-scene is primarily an underground-movement. But even independent artists such as ASA with often political and critical lyrics are quite popular. ASA's "leijonaa mä metsästän"-album was the third on Finnish albumchart in 2005. Finnish rap-artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Paleface_(Finnish_musician)" title="Paleface (Finnish musician)">Paleface</a> with English lyrics have not attained international success. An exception to this is /breakbeat-/electro-/ hiphop-band <a href="/wiki/Bomfunk_MC%27s" title="Bomfunk MC's">Bomfunk MC's</a>, who with their MC <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ebanks" title="Raymond Ebanks">Raymond Ebanks</a> became popular in Central Europe, as they had the most sold European hit single of 2000, "<a href="/wiki/Freestyler_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freestyler (song)">Freestyler</a>" along with <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance music</a> act <a href="/wiki/Darude" title="Darude">Darude</a>'s international hit "<a href="/wiki/Sandstorm_(Darude_composition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandstorm (Darude composition)">Sandstorm</a>". </p><p>In 2023 hip-hop artist <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4rij%C3%A4" title="Käärijä">Käärijä</a> represented Finland at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a> and placed first in the televote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pop_music">Pop music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Antti_Tuisku_-_Ilosaarirock_2016_-_11_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption>Pop singer <a href="/wiki/Antti_Tuisku" title="Antti Tuisku">Antti Tuisku</a> performing at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Ilosaarirock" title="Ilosaarirock">Ilosaarirock</a> festival in <a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1990s, a popular new trend was so-called <a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a> music and this style also had Finnish followers, many of which however are today quite forgotten. A couple of bands also wrote their lyrics in English, but didn't make it on the international music market. To mention few artists, there were Hausmylly, <a href="/wiki/Aikakone" title="Aikakone">Aikakone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Movetron" title="Movetron">Movetron</a>. </p><p>Some contemporary Pop/Rock singers who emerged in the 2000s, such as <a href="/wiki/Maija_Vilkkumaa" title="Maija Vilkkumaa">Maija Vilkkumaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanni_Kurkisuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanni Kurkisuo">Sanni Kurkisuo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenni_Vartiainen" title="Jenni Vartiainen">Jenni Vartiainen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anssi_Kela" title="Anssi Kela">Anssi Kela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irina_Saari" title="Irina Saari">Irina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chisu" title="Chisu">Chisu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Puu" title="Anna Puu">Anna Puu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Eriksson" title="Anna Eriksson">Anna Eriksson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanna_Pakarinen" title="Hanna Pakarinen">Hanna Pakarinen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antti_Tuisku" title="Antti Tuisku">Antti Tuisku</a>, and pop rock groups such as <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Music_Group" title="Scandinavian Music Group">Scandinavian Music Group</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PMMP" title="PMMP">PMMP</a>, are popular in Finland. They all primarily sing in Finnish, which may contribute to their relatively low international profile. Antti Tuisku has become the most popular and best-selling artist to emerge from <a href="/wiki/Idols_(Finnish_TV_series)" title="Idols (Finnish TV series)"><i>Idols</i>, the Finnish version of <i>Pop Idol</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Erika_Vikman" title="Erika Vikman">Erika Vikman</a> is another popular electropop singer who achieved wide recognition in Finland with her 2020 hit "<a href="/wiki/Syntisten_p%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Syntisten pöytä">Syntisten pöytä</a>" (The Sinner's Table). <a href="/wiki/Poets_of_the_Fall" title="Poets of the Fall">Poets of the Fall</a> is an example of a Finnish pop/rock band that sings in English. </p><p>Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, female artists have become more visible as performers and songwriters. Singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Chisu" title="Chisu">Chisu</a> is a good example of this phenomenon penning songs that can be considered classics, along with <a href="/wiki/Eppu_Normaali" title="Eppu Normaali">Eppu Normaali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuomari_Nurmio" title="Tuomari Nurmio">Tuomari Nurmio</a>. </p><p>A number of <i>iskelmä</i>, rock- and pop-songs attained classic status, outlasting "hits of today". Although the differences between pop, rock and <i>iskelmä</i> are notable in social signification – stereotypically <i>iskelmä is</i> music for older and rural people, while rock and pop are for youth and urbanites–the boundaries between these genres are not always clear. This seems to be true especially in popular songs that are endlessly performed in original form, or rearranged into new musical idioms and dialects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_folk_music">Contemporary folk music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Contemporary folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Finnish roots revival began in the 1960s. The Ilmajoki Music Festival and <a href="/wiki/Kaustinen_Folk_Music_Festival" title="Kaustinen Folk Music Festival">Kaustinen Folk Music Festival</a> became musical centers for the country and helped revitalize traditional Finnish folk music. <i>Runosong</i> was revitalized by a new generation of performers, including Reijo Kela, <a href="/wiki/Kimmo_Pohjonen" title="Kimmo Pohjonen">Kimmo Pohjonen</a> and Heikki Laitinen, who created a <i>kalevala</i> performance art piece. </p><p>The International Folk Music Festival, established in 1968 in <a href="/wiki/Kaustinen" title="Kaustinen">Kaustinen</a>. It became a major event in the popularization of Finnish folk. The 1970s saw further revival of Finnish folk music, including artists like <a href="/wiki/Konsta_Jylh%C3%A4" title="Konsta Jylhä">Konsta Jylhä</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPP" title="JPP">JPP</a> and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rttin%C3%A4" title="Värttinä">Värttinä</a>. Jylhä and his Purppuripelimannit band did the most to popular the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some non-Sami artists, including <a href="/wiki/Enigma_(musical_artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigma (musical artist)">Enigma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Garbarek" title="Jan Garbarek">Jan Garbarek</a>, used <i>joik</i> and other <i>Sami</i> styles in their music, while <a href="/wiki/Marie_Boine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Boine">Marie Boine</a> of Norway is probably the most internationally famous <i>Sami</i> star. 1996's critically acclaimed <i>Suden Aika</i> by <a href="/wiki/Tellu_Turkka" title="Tellu Turkka">Tellu Turkka</a> saw a further return of <i>runosong</i>. </p><p>The Finnish bagpipe, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4kkipilli" title="Säkkipilli">säkkipilli</a>, though previously extinct, was revived by folk musicians such as Petri Prauda. </p><p>In the 2000s, an underground-movement of new folk music came out. Notables include artists such as Joose Keskitalo, <a href="/wiki/Mika_R%C3%A4tt%C3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mika Rättö">Kuusumun Profeetta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paavoharju" title="Paavoharju">Paavoharju</a>. Despite their Finnish lyrics bands have claimed international recognition. Well-known artists <a href="/wiki/J._Karjalainen" title="J. Karjalainen">J. Karjalainen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pauli_Hanhiniemi" title="Pauli Hanhiniemi">Pauli Hanhiniemi</a> have turned to folk music. </p><p>Another new phenomenon of the 2000s is suomireggae. With Finnish lyrics and moral and spiritual content artists such as Soul-Captain Band, <a href="/wiki/Kapteeni_%C3%84-ni" title="Kapteeni Ä-ni">Kapteeni Ä-ni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Poika" title="Jukka Poika">Jukka Poika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raappana_(musician)" title="Raappana (musician)">Raappana</a> have attained wider popularity. </p><p>Underground scenes of various genres are lively, while many bands and artists defy genre boundaries. A good example is underground rap artist ASA (formerly known as MC Avain), who has used folk artists as the accompanying band. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_music">Electronic music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Electronic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg/220px-Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg/330px-Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg/440px-Darude_in_Toronto_boxingday_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Darude" title="Darude">Darude</a> in Toronto, Canada in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In electronic music, <a href="/wiki/Jori_Hulkkonen" title="Jori Hulkkonen">Jori Hulkkonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Tenor" title="Jimi Tenor">Jimi Tenor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pan_Sonic" title="Pan Sonic">Pan Sonic</a> have had underground success worldwide. Finland has given birth to international trance DJs such as <a href="/wiki/DJ_Orkidea" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ Orkidea">DJ Orkidea</a>, Alex Kunnari, DJ Proteus, <a href="/wiki/JS16" title="JS16">JS16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super8_%26_Tab" title="Super8 & Tab">Super8 & Tab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yotto" title="Yotto">Yotto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Siljam%C3%A4ki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paavo Siljamäki">Paavo Siljamäki</a>. Other notable Finnish artists are Mesak, <a href="/wiki/Imatran_Voima_(band)" title="Imatran Voima (band)">Imatran Voima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr_Velcro_Fastener" title="Mr Velcro Fastener">Mr Velcro Fastener</a>, EODEM, <a href="/wiki/Luomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Luomo">Luomo</a> a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Delay" title="Vladislav Delay">Vladislav Delay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brothomstates" title="Brothomstates">Brothomstates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lackluster" title="Lackluster">Lackluster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_Sonic" title="Pan Sonic">Pan Sonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Op:l_Bastards" title="Op:l Bastards">Op:l Bastards</a> and Ovuca. Electronic music labels include <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6_Recordings" title="Sähkö Recordings">Sähkö Recordings</a>, Kahvi Records, Dum Records (run by Kimmo Rapatti a.k.a. Mono Junk) and <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rikos_Records" title="Rikos Records">Rikos Records</a>. </p><p>The pioneer of Finnish <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> is <a href="/wiki/Erkki_Kurenniemi" title="Erkki Kurenniemi">Erkki Kurenniemi</a> who built DIMI synthesizers in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Finnish underground <a href="/wiki/Psy_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Psy trance">psy trance</a> culture is mostly active in the Helsinki metro area. The Finnish style (<a href="/wiki/Suomisaundi" title="Suomisaundi">suomisaundi</a>) of psy trance music is known worldwide and has notable international audiences, for example in Japan and Russia. Main characters in Finnish psy trance are Mullet Mohawk, Texas Faggott and Squaremeat. The most popular Finnish electronica artist is <a href="/wiki/Darude" title="Darude">Darude</a> (Ville Virtanen), who gained international success with his chart-topping "<a href="/wiki/Sandstorm_(instrumental)" title="Sandstorm (instrumental)">Sandstorm</a>", and the following hit album <i>Before the Storm</i>. His music is a combination of hard house and progressive trance. The Finnish <a href="/wiki/Hard_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard Dance">Hard Dance</a> scene gained some following, primarily due to Helsinki-based DJ Proteus winning the title of Best DJ at The Hard Dance Awards in 2004 and 2005. Finland has a popular and internationally recognised Freeform hardcore scene, with the FINRG label enjoying success in the UK, Australia, and more recently Canada and the United States. </p><p>In experimental electronica, noise and ambient electronic music, Finland is represented by Petri Kuljuntausta, Pink Twins, Ihokas, Rihmasto, Nemesis, Niko Skorpio, Dystopia, Ozone Player, Winterplanet, Corporate 09, Moya81, and Outer Space Alliance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jazz">Jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> came to <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> along with American immigrants in 1926. One of the first Finnish jazz bands was <a href="/wiki/Dallap%C3%A9" title="Dallapé">Dallapé</a> which is still active Klaus Salmi, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Malmst%C3%A9n" title="Eugen Malmstén">Eugen Malmstén</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Lindstr%C3%B6m" class="extiw" title="fi:Erik Lindström">Erik Lindström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toivo_K%C3%A4rki" title="Toivo Kärki">Toivo Kärki</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossi_Aalto" class="extiw" title="fi:Ossi Aalto">Ossi Aalto</a> and Kauko Viitamäki were some of the first professional <a href="/wiki/Finnish_jazz_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish jazz musicians">Finnish jazz musicians</a>. Jazz bands started doing dance gigs. Initially the popular genres were accordion jazz, <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">swing</a>, jazz <a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">schlager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waltz_(music)" title="Waltz (music)">waltz</a>. </p><p>Finnish jazz imitated foreign models until the 1960s when a new generation started to combine American tradition and Finnish folk influences. Artists included <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esa_Pethman" class="extiw" title="fi:Esa Pethman">Esa Pethman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heikki_Sarmanto" title="Heikki Sarmanto">Heikki Sarmanto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eero_Koivistoinen" title="Eero Koivistoinen">Eero Koivistoinen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Otto_Donner" title="Henrik Otto Donner">Henrik Otto Donner</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Vesala" title="Edward Vesala">Edward Vesala</a>'s and <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paroni_Paakkunainen" class="extiw" title="fi:Paroni Paakkunainen">Paroni Paakkunainen</a>'s <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soulset" class="extiw" title="fi:Soulset">Soulset</a> band managed to succeed in international contests and festivals. The first Finnish jazz festival, <a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori Jazz</a>, launched in 1966. </p><p>In the 1970s, musicians began to mix jazz, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pekka_P%C3%B6yry" title="Pekka Pöyry">Pekka Pöyry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakari_Kukko" title="Sakari Kukko">Sakari Kukko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pekka_Pohjola" title="Pekka Pohjola">Pekka Pohjola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Tolonen" title="Jukka Tolonen">Jukka Tolonen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olli_Ahvenlahti" title="Olli Ahvenlahti">Olli Ahvenlahti</a> were some of the best-known Finnish jazz musicians. Sakari Kukko's <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piirpauke" class="extiw" title="fi:Piirpauke">Piirpauke</a> played jazz that was influenced by Finnish folk music and progressive rock. The music of <a href="/wiki/Wigwam_(Finnish_band)" title="Wigwam (Finnish band)">Wigwam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasavallan_Presidentti" title="Tasavallan Presidentti">Tasavallan Presidentti</a> is usually regarded as progressive rock, but included elements of <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a>. Live concerts often included long solos. The <a href="/wiki/UMO_Jazz_Orchestra" title="UMO Jazz Orchestra">UMO Jazz Orchestra</a> was founded in 1975 and gave opportunity to many <a href="/wiki/Finnish_jazz_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish jazz musicians">Finnish jazz musicians</a> to earn a living. </p><p>In the 1980s and 1990s, Finnish jazz became more internationally recognized. <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Linkola" title="Jukka Linkola">Jukka Linkola</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukka_Perko" class="extiw" title="fi:Jukka Perko">Jukka Perko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapani_Rinne" title="Tapani Rinne">Tapani Rinne</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Rinneradio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinneradio">Rinneradio</a> combined various musical styles. <a href="/wiki/Iiro_Rantala" title="Iiro Rantala">Iiro Rantala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rami_Eskelinen" title="Rami Eskelinen">Raalmi Eskelinen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eerik_Siikasaari" title="Eerik Siikasaari">Eerik Siikasaari</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Trio_T%C3%B6yke%C3%A4t" title="Trio Töykeät">Trio Töykeät</a> in 1988 and the band attained worldwide interest. Other important jazz musicians from this era are <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severi_Pyysalo" class="extiw" title="fi:Severi Pyysalo">Severi Pyysalo</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenni-Kalle_Taipale" class="extiw" title="fi:Lenni-Kalle Taipale">Lenni-Kalle Taipale</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verneri_Pohjola" class="extiw" title="fi:Verneri Pohjola">Verneri Pohjola</a>, Markus Ketola and <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna-Mari_K%C3%A4h%C3%A4r%C3%A4" class="extiw" title="fi:Anna-Mari Kähärä">Anna-Mari Kähärä</a>. <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mape_Lappalainen" class="extiw" title="fi:Mape Lappalainen">Martti "Mape" Lappalainen</a> founded Espoo Big Band and <a href="/wiki/April_Jazz" title="April Jazz">April Jazz</a> festival in the 1980s. </p><p>After the 1990s, Finnish jazz evolved in different directions.<a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Samplers</a> were used to create more unique sounds. <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Corners_Quintet" class="extiw" title="fi:The Five Corners Quintet">The Five Corners Quintet</a>, <a href="/wiki/U-Street_All_Stars" title="U-Street All Stars">U-Street All Stars</a> and Quintessence played <a href="/wiki/Nu-jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu-jazz">nu-jazz</a> with electronic and pop influences. Oddarrang, Dalindéo, Mopo, Teemu Viinikainen, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timo_Lassy" class="extiw" title="fi:Timo Lassy">Timo Lassy</a>, <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukka_Eskola" class="extiw" title="fi:Jukka Eskola">Jukka Eskola</a>, Manuel Dunkel and <a href="/wiki/Mikko_Innanen_(musician)" title="Mikko Innanen (musician)">Mikko Innanen</a> represent the future of Finnish jazz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_music">Military music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Military music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finland_military_band_drums.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Finland_military_band_drums.jpg/220px-Finland_military_band_drums.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Finland_military_band_drums.jpg/330px-Finland_military_band_drums.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Finland_military_band_drums.jpg/440px-Finland_military_band_drums.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The Conscript Band of the Finnish Defense Forces—drums</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finland_military_band_singing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Finland_military_band_singing.jpg/220px-Finland_military_band_singing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Finland_military_band_singing.jpg/330px-Finland_military_band_singing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Finland_military_band_singing.jpg/440px-Finland_military_band_singing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Conscript Band of the Finnish Defense Forces—singing</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Military bands">Military bands</a> are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a>. A total of thirteen military bands operate in Finland. They are relatively small in size, but are often reinforced with other local professional wind players. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaartin_Soittokunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaartin Soittokunta">Kaartin Soittokunta</a> (The Guards' Band), Helsinki. 40 musicians + 2 conductors.</li> <li>Panssarisoittokunta (The Armour Band), Hämeenlinna. 20 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Laivaston Soittokunta (The Navy Band), Turku. 20 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Ilmavoimien Soittokunta (The Air Force Band), Jyväskylä. 20 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Savon Sotilassoittokunta (The Band of Savo), Mikkeli. 20 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Oulun Sotilassoittokunta (The Military Band of Oulu), Oulu. 20 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Rakuunasoittokunta (The Dragoons Band), Lappeenranta. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Pohjanmaan Sotilassoittokunta (The Osthrobothnian Military Band), Vaasa. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Satakunnan Sotilassoittokunta (The Satakunta Military Band); Niinisalo. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Karjalan Sotilassoittokunta (The Karelian Military Band); Kontioranta. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Kainuun Sotilassoittokunta (The Kainuu Military Band); Kajaani. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li> <li>Lapin Sotilassoittokunta (The Military Band of Lapland); Rovaniemi. 14 mus. + 1 cond.</li></ul> <p>A large military band consisting only of conscripts with professional conductors is called The Conscript Band of the Finnish Defence Forces. Its strength is about 60–70 musicians. It operates in Lahti and is concentrated on making marching shows and large-scale concerts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_listening">Further listening</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further listening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 3-CD box set entitled Beginner's Guide to Scandinavia was released by Nascente/<a href="/wiki/Demon_Music_Group" title="Demon Music Group">Demon Music Group</a> in May 2011. It was the first time that the various genres of Scandinavian music – pop, folk, jazz and experimental – had been combined in one release. Finnish artists included <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rttin%C3%A4" title="Värttinä">Värttinä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimmo_Pohjonen" title="Kimmo Pohjonen">Kimmo Pohjonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kalaniemi" title="Maria Kalaniemi">Maria Kalaniemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vuokko_Hovatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuokko Hovatta">Vuokko Hovatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Kurki-Suonio" title="Sanna Kurki-Suonio">Sanna Kurki-Suonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islaja" title="Islaja">Islaja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wimme" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimme">Wimme</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radio stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a>, The Finnish state broadcasting corporation <ul><li>Yle Radio 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_Radio_Suomi" title="Yle Radio Suomi">Yle Radio Suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YleX" title="YleX">YleX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_X3M" title="Yle X3M">Yle X3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_Vega" title="Yle Vega">Yle Vega</a></li></ul></li> <li>Commercial <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRJ_Group" title="NRJ Group">NRJ Group</a></li> <li>Loop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Rock" title="Radio Rock">Radio Rock</a></li> <li>Radio Aalto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nova_(Finland)" title="Radio Nova (Finland)">Radio Nova</a></li> <li>Groove FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Suomipop" title="Radio Suomipop">Radio Suomipop</a></li> <li>Radio Helsinki</li> <li>The Voice</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_singers" title="List of Finnish singers">List of Finnish singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_musicians" title="List of Finnish musicians">List of Finnish musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_jazz_musicians" title="List of Finnish jazz musicians">List of Finnish jazz musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">List of best-selling music artists in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Finnish_music" title="List of years in Finnish music">List of years in Finnish music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Culture of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_death_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian death metal">Scandinavian death metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami music">Sami music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinssirock" title="Provinssirock">Provinssirock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Jazz" title="April Jazz">April Jazz Festival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShanks2008" class="citation news cs1">Shanks, Dawn K. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowdworld&rft.atitle=Life+in+Finland+%E2%80%93+Finland%27s+government%E2%80%93+For+last+80+years+pregnant+women&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.aulast=Sharanya&rft.aufirst=Sumith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowdworld.com%2Fen%2Flife-in-finland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yl.fi/choir.php">The Choir – YL Male Voice Choir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608203211/http://www.yl.fi/choir.php">Archived</a> 8 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106160433/http://sinfoniaorkesterit.fi/en/index.php?trg=memberlist">"Member orchestras"</a>. 6 November 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MUSIC%3B+Nurturing+Operatic+Talent+With+a+Kind+Of+Tough+Love&rft.date=2002-07-28&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Cori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F28%2Farts%2Fmusic-nurturing-operatic-talent-with-a-kind-of-tough-love.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211173820/http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf/0/D4AA477A4DC1CA2DC225753C004EDB09?opendocument">"Fimic – Suomalaisen musiikin tiedotuskeskus"</a>. 11 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf/0/D4AA477A4DC1CA2DC225753C004EDB09?opendocument">the original</a> on 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fimic+%E2%80%93+Suomalaisen+musiikin+tiedotuskeskus&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fimic.fi%2Ffimic%2Ffimic.nsf%2F0%2FD4AA477A4DC1CA2DC225753C004EDB09%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2017" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, Jean (15 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zyUOv6EQrWcC&pg=PA144"><i>New Music of the Nordic Countries</i></a>. Pendragon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576470190" title="Special:BookSources/9781576470190"><bdi>9781576470190</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Music+of+the+Nordic+Countries&rft.pub=Pendragon+Press&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft.isbn=9781576470190&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzyUOv6EQrWcC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fimic.fi-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fimic.fi_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fimic.fi_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211173814/http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf/0/0C726B3A536967C5C2257611002BF9D5?opendocument&cat=contemporary_classical">"Fimic – Suomalaisen musiikin tiedotuskeskus"</a>. 11 February 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/puumala+veli-matti">the original</a> on 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fimic+%E2%80%93+Suomalaisen+musiikin+tiedotuskeskus&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fimic.fi%2Ffimic%2Fpuumala%2Bveli-matti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091020071554/http://www.fimic.fi:80/fimic/fimic.nsf/0/FA8C267E59B1BBD9C22574C80026E6C6?opendocument">"Fimic – Suomalaisen musiikin tiedotuskeskus"</a>. 20 October 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://renewmusic.org/composers/r%C3%A4ih%C3%A4l%C3%A4-osmo-tapio">the original</a> on 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A4ih%C3%A4l%C3%A4%2C+Osmo+Tapio+%E2%80%93+Re%3Anew+music&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frenewmusic.org%2Fcomposers%2Fr%25C3%25A4ih%25C3%25A4l%25C3%25A4-osmo-tapio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.G.2017" class="citation news cs1">C.G. (11 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/prospero/2017/10/11/explaining-the-finnish-love-of-tango">"Explaining the Finnish love of tango"</a>. <i>The Economist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+Finnish+love+of+tango&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft.au=C.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fprospero%2F2017%2F10%2F11%2Fexplaining-the-finnish-love-of-tango&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVuorela2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vuorela, Mervi (13 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000010749285.html">"Pori on Suomen tärkeimpiä rock-kaupunkeja, mutta kukaan ei ole onnistunut kirjoittamaan siitä – paitsi nyt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Pori+on+Suomen+t%C3%A4rkeimpi%C3%A4+rock-kaupunkeja%2C+mutta+kukaan+ei+ole+onnistunut+kirjoittamaan+siit%C3%A4+%E2%80%93+paitsi+nyt&rft.date=2024-10-13&rft.aulast=Vuorela&rft.aufirst=Mervi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fkulttuuri%2Fart-2000010749285.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grief-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grief_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerRozzengarten" class="citation web cs1">DerRozzengarten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137">"Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Storm_(webzine)" title="Metal Storm (webzine)">Metal Storm</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metal+Storm&rft.atitle=Swallow+The+Sun+interview+%2810%2F2005%29&rft.au=DerRozzengarten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalstorm.net%2Fpub%2Finterview.php%3Finterview_id%3D137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVladimir_Kozlov" class="citation web cs1">Vladimir Kozlov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110202504/http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html">"Russian doom, Finnish-style"</a>. <i>The Moscow News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html">the original</a> on 10 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+News&rft.atitle=Russian+doom%2C+Finnish-style&rft.au=Vladimir+Kozlov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthemoscownews.com%2Farts%2F20110324%2F188521655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerRozzengarten" class="citation web cs1">DerRozzengarten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110201441/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis">"SPIRITUS MORTIS"</a>. <i>MusicMight</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis">the original</a> on 10 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MusicMight&rft.atitle=SPIRITUS+MORTIS&rft.au=DerRozzengarten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicmight.com%2Fartist%2Ffinland%2Falavus%2Fspiritus%2Bmortis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mortis-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mortis_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mortis_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview">"Spiritus Mortis interview"</a>. <i>Fémforgács</i>. 6 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Oikeuskanne+vireill%C3%A4+Lordia+vastaan+Ateenassa&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fkulttuuri%2Fartikkeli%2FOikeuskanne%2Bvireill%25C3%25A4%2BLordia%2Bvastaan%2BAteenassa%2F1135219961413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/8793-2400-2">"BPI – Award: HIM – <i>Dark Light</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HIM+%E2%80%93+Killing+Loneliness&rft.pub=Musiikkituottajat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifpi.fi%2Flista%2Fartistit%2Fhim%2Fkilling%2Bloneliness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.fi/viihde/musiikki/artikkeli/him-brittilistan-top-10-een/2867428">"HIM brittilistan top 10:een"</a>. <i>MTV Uutiset</i> (in Finnish). 19 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MTV+Uutiset&rft.atitle=HIM+brittilistan+top+10%3Aeen&rft.date=2005-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.fi%2Fviihde%2Fmusiikki%2Fartikkeli%2Fhim-brittilistan-top-10-een%2F2867428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2016-05-17T10:14:00Z2016" class="citation web cs1">Patterson2016-05-17T10:14:00Z, Dayal (17 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loudersound.com/features/10-of-the-best-metal-bands-from-finland">"10 of the best metal bands from Finland"</a>. <i>Metal Hammer Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metal+Hammer+Magazine&rft.atitle=10+of+the+best+metal+bands+from+Finland&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft.aulast=Patterson2016-05-17T10%3A14%3A00Z&rft.aufirst=Dayal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loudersound.com%2Ffeatures%2F10-of-the-best-metal-bands-from-finland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinna_Nyrhinen-blazquez2017" class="citation web cs1">Minna Nyrhinen-blazquez (November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aamulehti.fi/uutiset/art-2000007279430.html">"Antti Tuisku on kovatuloisin Idols-artisti"</a>. <i>Aamu Lehti</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aamu+Lehti&rft.atitle=Antti+Tuisku+on+kovatuloisin+Idols-artisti&rft.date=2017-11&rft.au=Minna+Nyrhinen-blazquez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aamulehti.fi%2Fuutiset%2Fart-2000007279430.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000000078421.html">"Antti Tuisku oli todellinen Idols-voittaja"</a>. <i>IltaSanomat</i>. 28 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IltaSanomat&rft.atitle=Antti+Tuisku+oli+todellinen+Idols-voittaja&rft.date=2005-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.is.fi%2Fviihde%2Fart-2000000078421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051123185323/http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf?open">"Finnish music"</a>. <i>Finnish Music Information Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fimic.fi/fimic/fimic.nsf?open">the original</a> on 23 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Finnish+Music+Information+Center&rft.atitle=Finnish+music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fimic.fi%2Ffimic%2Ffimic.nsf%3Fopen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Finland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Henriksson, Juha. "Suomalaisen jazzin vuosisata" Viitattu 27 May 2014.</li> <li>Henriksson, Juha. "A short history of Finnish jazz" Viitattu 27 May 2014.</li> <li>Cronshaw, Andrew. "New Runes". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), <i>World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East</i>, pp 91–102. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Subrenat" title="Jean-Jacques Subrenat">Subrenat, Jean-Jacques</a>. <i>Listen, there's music from the forest; a brief presentation of the Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-92-0564-3" title="Special:BookSources/952-92-0564-3">952-92-0564-3</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Finland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fimic.fi">Finnish Music Information Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phinnweb.org">pHinnWeb: Finnish electronic music</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockdata.org/">Rockdata: Finnish Music Scene</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jazzfinland.fi/">Jazz Finland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030239/http://www.scandinavianmusic.net/index_finland.html">Songs of Finland</a> – A Collection of Finnish Popular Music on CD.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209094526/http://www.kaamos.nl/">Kaamos</a> – A webzine dedicated to Finnish metal and rock.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ylefinland.bluemusicgroup.com">Finland longs for happier songs</a> – An Article about Finnish Popular Music</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finnish_folk_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finnish_folk_music" title="Template:Finnish folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finnish_folk_music" title="Template talk:Finnish folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finnish_folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finnish folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finnish_folk_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Folk_music">Finnish folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gammaldans" title="Gammaldans">Gammaldans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joik" title="Joik">Joik</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_music" title="Nordic folk music">Nordic folk music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelimanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelimanni">Pelimanni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rekilaulu" title="Rekilaulu">Rekilaulu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami music">Sami music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Nordic_dance_music" title="Traditional Nordic dance music">Traditional Nordic dance music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tune Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2/4 Dances</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Humppa" title="Humppa">Humppa</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polkka</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/2 or 4/4 Dances</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Jenkka" title="Jenkka">Jenkka</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/4 Dances</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">Masurkka</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">Menuetti</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Polska_(dance)" title="Polska (dance)">Polska</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Valssi</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">Clarinet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fadno" title="Fadno">Fadno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ#Harmonium" title="Pump organ">Harmonium</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jouhikko" title="Jouhikko">Jouhikko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kantele" title="Kantele">Kantele</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willow_flute" title="Willow flute">Pitkähuilu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4kkipilli" title="Säkkipilli">Säkkipilli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami drum">Sami drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpipe" title="Walpipe">Walpipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_scale#Melodic_minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Harmonic minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Traditional_.28Folk.29_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finland_topics" title="Template:Finland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finland_topics" title="Template talk:Finland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Finland-related_topics" title="List of Finland-related topics">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Finland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_under_Swedish_rule" title="Finland under Swedish rule">Finland under Swedish rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_during_the_Great_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland during the Great Northern War">The Great Wrath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Finnish_Art" title="Golden Age of Finnish Art">Golden Age of Finnish Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Finland" title="Independence of Finland">Independence of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandization" title="Finlandization">Finlandization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland_(1917%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Finland (1917–present)">History of independent Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland" title="Military history of Finland">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Finland" title="List of cities and towns in Finland">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Finland" title="List of extreme points of Finland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Finland" title="Geology of Finland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Finland" title="List of islands of Finland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Finland" title="List of lakes of Finland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Finland" title="List of national parks of Finland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Finland" title="List of rivers of Finland">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Finland_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Finland by population">Urban areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Finland" title="Wildlife of Finland">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Finland" title="Administrative divisions of Finland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Finland" title="Human rights in Finland">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Finland" title="Judicial system of Finland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Finland" title="Law of Finland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Finland" title="Law enforcement in Finland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">NATO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Finland" title="List of political parties in Finland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Finland" title="Economy of Finland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Finland" title="Agriculture in Finland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Finland" title="Bank of Finland">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_government_enterprises" title="List of Finnish government enterprises">Government-owned companies</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Finland" title="Industry in Finland">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_income_policy_agreement_(Finland)" title="National income policy agreement (Finland)">National income agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_maritime_cluster" title="Finnish maritime cluster">Ship-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_startup_scene" title="Finnish startup scene">Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Helsinki" title="Nasdaq Helsinki">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Finland" title="Taxation in Finland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Finland" title="Tourism in Finland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Finland" title="Transport in Finland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Finland" title="Category:Society of Finland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Finland" title="Abortion in Finland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Finland" title="Crime in Finland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Finland" title="Climate change in Finland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland" title="Demographics of Finland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Finland" title="Healthcare in Finland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Finland" title="Welfare in Finland">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Finland" title="Architecture of Finland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_art" title="Finnish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Finland" title="Coat of arms of Finland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Finland" title="Folklore of Finland">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_literature" title="Finnish literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala"><i>The Kalevala</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_national_symbols" title="Finnish national symbols">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Finland" title="Public holidays in Finland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Finland)" title="Independence Day (Finland)">Independence Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Finland" title="Sport in Finland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Finland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Finland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Finland" title="Outline of Finland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finland-related_topics" title="List of Finland-related topics">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Finland#Further_reading" title="Finland">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Finland" title="Category:Finland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Finland" title="Portal:Finland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Uralic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Uralic_music" title="Template:Uralic music"><abbr title="View this 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Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li>Khantia-Mansia</li> <li>Mari El</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nenetsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Nenetsia">Nenetsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_folk_music_•_Nordic_popular_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible {{{state}}} navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nordic_music" title="Template:Nordic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nordic_music" title="Template talk:Nordic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nordic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_folk_music_•_Nordic_popular_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_music" title="Nordic folk music">Nordic folk music</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nordic_popular_music" title="Nordic popular music">Nordic popular music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Music of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greenland" title="Music of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_music" title="Sámi music">Sámi</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Karelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Karelia">Karelia</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Template:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Template talk:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Europe">Music of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andorra" title="Music of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus" title="Music of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belgium" title="Music of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Music of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia" title="Music of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liechtenstein" title="Music of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Luxembourg" title="Music of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_San_Marino" title="Music of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Music of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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