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effects</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sublethal effects"> <meta name="keywords" content="sublethal effects"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sublethal effects"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10677</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sublethal effects</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10677</span> Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Parkia biglobosa Pod on Weight Gain in the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Juveniles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Oshimagye">M. I. Oshimagye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20O.%20Ayuba"> V. O. Ayuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Annune"> P. A. Annune</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Parkia biglobosa pod extract on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 32.73g ± 0.0) were investigated under laboratory conditions for 8 weeks using the static renewal and continuous aeration system. Statistical analysis showed that fish exposed to various concentrations had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth rate than the control groups. The reduction in growth was observed to be directly proportional to increase in concentration. However, at 50 mg/L no significant depression in weight was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title="Clarias gariepinus">Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkia%20biglobosa" title=" Parkia biglobosa"> Parkia biglobosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pod" title=" pod"> pod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight"> weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25102/effects-of-sublethal-concentrations-of-parkia-biglobosa-pod-on-weight-gain-in-the-african-catfish-clarias-gariepinus-juveniles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10676</span> Use of Locomotor Activity of Rainbow Trout Juveniles in Identifying Sublethal Concentrations of Landfill Leachate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Makaras">Tomas Makaras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gintaras%20Svecevi%C4%8Dius"> Gintaras Svecevičius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfill waste is a common problem as it has an economic and environmental impact even if it is closed. Landfill waste contains a high density of various persistent compounds such as heavy metals, organic and inorganic materials. As persistent compounds are slowly-degradable or even non-degradable in the environment, they often produce sublethal or even lethal effects on aquatic organisms. The aims of the present study were to estimate sublethal effects of the Kairiai landfill (WGS: 55°55‘46.74“, 23°23‘28.4“) leachate on the locomotor activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles using the original system package developed in our laboratory for automated monitoring, recording and analysis of aquatic organisms’ activity, and to determine patterns of fish behavioral response to sublethal effects of leachate. Four different concentrations of leachate were chosen: 0.125; 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L (0.0025; 0.005; 0.01 and 0.002 as part of 96-hour LC50, respectively). Locomotor activity was measured after 5, 10 and 30 minutes of exposure during 1-minute test-periods of each fish (7 fish per treatment). The threshold-effect-concentration amounted to 0.18 mL/L (0.0036 parts of 96-hour LC50). This concentration was found to be even 2.8-fold lower than the concentration generally assumed to be “safe” for fish. At higher concentrations, the landfill leachate solution elicited behavioral response of test fish to sublethal levels of pollutants. The ability of the rainbow trout to detect and avoid contaminants occurred after 5 minutes of exposure. The intensity of locomotor activity reached a peak within 10 minutes, evidently decreasing after 30 minutes. This could be explained by the physiological and biochemical adaptation of fish to altered environmental conditions. It has been established that the locomotor activity of juvenile trout depends on leachate concentration and exposure duration. Modeling of these parameters showed that the activity of juveniles increased at higher leachate concentrations, but slightly decreased with the increasing exposure duration. Experiment results confirm that the behavior of rainbow trout juveniles is a sensitive and rapid biomarker that can be used in combination with the system for fish behavior monitoring, registration and analysis to determine sublethal concentrations of pollutants in ambient water. Further research should be focused on software improvement aimed to include more parameters of aquatic organisms’ behavior and to investigate the most rapid and appropriate behavioral responses in different species. In practice, this study could be the basis for the development and creation of biological early-warning systems (BEWS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20behavior%20biomarker" title="fish behavior biomarker">fish behavior biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20leachate" title=" landfill leachate"> landfill leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotor%20activity" title=" locomotor activity"> locomotor activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20trout%20juveniles" title=" rainbow trout juveniles"> rainbow trout juveniles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects" title=" sublethal effects"> sublethal effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38540/use-of-locomotor-activity-of-rainbow-trout-juveniles-in-identifying-sublethal-concentrations-of-landfill-leachate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10675</span> Sublethal Effects of Clothianidin and Summer Oil on the Demographic Parameters and Population Projection of Bravicoryne Brassicae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Piri%20Ouchtapeh">Mehdi Piri Ouchtapeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariba%20Mehrkhou"> Fariba Mehrkhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Fourouzan"> Maryam Fourouzan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cabbage aphid, Bravicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is known as an economically important and oligophagous pest of different cole crops. The polyvolitine characteristics of B. brassicae resulted in resistance to insecticides. For this purpose, in this study, the sub-lethal concentration (LC25) of two insecticides, clothianidin and summer oil, on the life table parameters and population projection of cabbage aphid were studied at controlled condition (20±1 ℃, R.H. 60 ±5 % and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The dipping method was used in bioassay and life table studies. Briefly, the leaves of cabbage containing 15 the same-aged (24h) adults of cabbage aphid (four replicates) were dipped into the related concentrations of insecticides for 10 s. The sub-lethal (LC25) obtained concentration were used 5.822 and 108.741 p.p.m for clothianidin and summer oil, respectively. The biological and life table studies were done using at least 100, 93 and 82 the same age of eggs for control, summer oil and clothianidin treatments respectively. The life history data of the greenhouse whitefly cohorts exposed to sublethal concentration of the aforementioned insecticides were analyzed using the computer program TWOSEX–MSChart based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results of this study showed that the used insecticides affected the developmental time, survival rate, adult longevity, and fecundity of the F1 generation. The developmental time on control, clothianidin and summer oil treatments was obtained (5.91 ± 0.10 days), (7.64 ± 0.12 days) and (6.66 ± 0.10 days), respectively. The sublethal concentration of clothianidin resulted in decreasing of adult longevity (8.63 ± 0.30 days), fecundity (14.14 ± 87 nymphs), survival rate (71%) and the life expectancy (10.26 days) of B. brassicae, as well. Additionally, usage of LC25 insecticides led to decreasing of the net reproductive rate (R0) of the cabbage aphid compared to summer oil and control treatments. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) (day-1) was decreased in F1 adults of cabbage aphid compared with other treatments. Additionally, the population projection results were accordance with the population growth rate of cabbage aphid. Therefore, the findings of this research showed that, however, both of the insecticides were effective on cabbage aphid population, but clothianidin was more effective and could be consider in the management of aforementioned pest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20cabbage%20aphid" title="the cabbage aphid">the cabbage aphid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects" title=" sublethal effects"> sublethal effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20rate" title=" survival rate"> survival rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20projection" title=" population projection"> population projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20expectancy" title=" life expectancy"> life expectancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176593/sublethal-effects-of-clothianidin-and-summer-oil-on-the-demographic-parameters-and-population-projection-of-bravicoryne-brassicaehemiptera-aphididae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10674</span> Sublethal Effects of Thiamethoxam-Lambda Cyhalothrin on the Life Table Parameters and Population Projection of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Its Parasitoid, Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevda%20Ddras">Sevda Ddras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariba%20Mehrkhou"> Fariba Mehrkhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Atlihan"> Remzi Atlihan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Fourouzan"> Maryam Fourouzan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important pest on vegetables and ornamental host plants. In this research, the sub-lethal concentration (LC30) of thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin (TLC) on the biological properties, life table parameters and population projection of T. vaporarium and its parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan, were studied at controlled condition (25 ±5 ℃, R.H. 60 ±10 % and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). Bioassays were conducted by dipping tomato leaves containing third instar nymphs of the whitefly T. vaporariorum, in the obtained LC30 concentration of eforia. The life table data were analyzed using the computer program TWOSEX–MSChart based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that, usage of sublethal concentration of TLC effected the biological properties and population growth parameters of greenhouse whitefly by shortening the developmentl time, adult longevity, decreasing the fecundity and population growth paramters. Also, the LC30 concentration of TLC had negative effects on life history and life table parameters of E.formosa. The obtained results illustrated that the sublethal concentration of TLC resulted in prolonging of developmental time, decreasing of adult longevity, survival rate and population growth parameters of E.formosa. Additionally, the population projection results were accordance with the population growth rate of either greenhouse whitefly or E.formosa. We conclude that, TLC should not be used in integrated pest management programs where E. formosa exists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20whitefly" title="greenhouse whitefly">greenhouse whitefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Encarsia%20formosa" title=" Encarsia formosa"> Encarsia formosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiamethoxam-lambda%20cyhalothrin" title=" thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin"> thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20projection" title=" population projection"> population projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20table%20parameters" title=" life table parameters"> life table parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176584/sublethal-effects-of-thiamethoxam-lambda-cyhalothrin-on-the-life-table-parameters-and-population-projection-of-trialeurodes-vaporariorum-hemiptera-aleyrodidae-and-its-parasitoid-encarsia-formosa-hymenoptera-aphelinidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10673</span> Analysis of Genic Expression of Honey Bees Exposed to Sublethal Pesticides Doses Using the Transcriptome Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20de%20Oliveira%20Orsi">Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Astolfi"> Aline Astolfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Diego%20Mendes"> Daniel Diego Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabella%20Cristina%20de%20Castro%20Lippi"> Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaine%20da%20Luz%20Scheffer"> Jaine da Luz Scheffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Souza%20Lima"> Yan Souza Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Lunardi"> Juliana Lunardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanna%20do%20Padro%20Ribeiro"> Giovanna do Padro Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Moura%20Kadri"> Samir Moura Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NECTAR Brazilian group (Center of Education, Science, and Technology in Rational Beekeeping) conducted studies on the pesticides honey bees effects using the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyzes for gene expression studies. In this way, we analyzed the effects of Pyraclostrobin and Fipronil on the honey bees with 21 old-days (forager) in laboratory conditions. For this, frames containing sealed brood were removed from the beehives and maintenance on the stove (32°C and 75% humidity) until the bees were born. So, newly emerged workers were marked on the pronotum with a non-toxic pen and reintroduced into their original hives. After 21 days, 120 marked bees were collected with an entomological forces and immediately stored in Petri dishes, perforated to ensure ventilation, and kept fasted for 3 hours. These honeybees were exposed to food contaminated or not with the sublethal dose of Pyraclostrobin (850 ppb/bee) or Fipronil (2.5 ppb/bee). After four hours of exposure, 15 bees from each treatment were referred to transcriptome analysis. Total RNA analysis was extracted from the brain pools (03 brains per pool) using the TRIzol® reagent protocol according to the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA libraries were constructed, and the FASTQC program was used to check adapter content and assess the quality of raw reads. Differential expression analysis was performed with the DESeq2 package. Genes that had an adjusted value of less than 0.05 were considered to be significantly up-regulated. Regarding the Pyraclostrobin, alterations were observed in the pattern of 17 gene related to of antioxidant system, cellular respiration, glucose metabolism, and regulation of juvenile hormone and the hormone insulin. Glyphosate altered the 10 gene related to the digestive system, exoskeleton composition, vitamin E transport, and antioxidant system. The results indicate that the necessity of studies using the sublethal doses to evaluate the pesticides uses and risks on crops and its effects on the honey bees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beekeeping" title="beekeeping">beekeeping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bees" title=" honey bees"> honey bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptome" title=" transcriptome"> transcriptome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146544/analysis-of-genic-expression-of-honey-bees-exposed-to-sublethal-pesticides-doses-using-the-transcriptome-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10672</span> Sublethal Effect of Tebufenozide, an Ecdysteroid Agonist, on the Reproduction of German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Kilani-Morakchi">Samira Kilani-Morakchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Badi"> Amina Badi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Aribi"> Nadia Aribi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is known to be an important pest due to its high reproductive potential and its ability to build up large infectious populations. The infestations were generally controlled by neurotoxic insecticides including organophosphates (OP), carbamate and pyrethroids. An alternative cockroach’s control approach is the use insect growth regulators (IGRs). The relative fewer effects of these chemicals on non-target insects and animals, and their favourable environmental fate, make them attractive insecticides for inclusion in integrated pest management programmes. The juvenoids and chitin synthesis inhibitors are two classes of IGRs that have received the most attention for useful chemicals to manage German cockroaches while ecdysone agonists were mostly used to control Lepidopteran species. In the present study, the sublethal effects of the non-sreroidal ecdysone agonist tebufenozide were evaluated topically on adults of the B. germanica. The effects on reproduction were observed in adults females of cockroaches that survived exposure to LD25 (146 µg/g of insect) of tebufenozide. Dissection of treated females showed a clear reduction in both the number of oocytes per paired ovaries and the size of basal oocytes, as compared to controls. In addition, tebufenozide significantly reduced the mating success of pairs and altered the fertility as shown through the reduction of ootheca development and total absence of viable nymph. Tebufenozide disrupted the German cockroach reproduction by interfering with homeostasis of the insect hormones. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that tebufenozide can be used as a biorational insecticide for controlling cockroaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20germanica" title="B. germanica">B. germanica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecdysteroid%20agonist" title=" ecdysteroid agonist"> ecdysteroid agonist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tebufenozide" title=" tebufenozide"> tebufenozide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction" title=" reproduction"> reproduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31258/sublethal-effect-of-tebufenozide-an-ecdysteroid-agonist-on-the-reproduction-of-german-cockroach-blattodea-blattellidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10671</span> Sublethal Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus against the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus (Olivier) (Curculionidae: Coleoptera)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Manzoor">M. Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20N.%20%20Ahmad"> J. N. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Giblin%20Davis"> R. M. Giblin Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Javed"> N. Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Haider"> M. S. Haider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The invasive Red Palm Weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus [Olivier] (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive palm pests in the world. Synthetic pesticides are environmentally hazardous pest control strategies being used in the past with emerging need of eco-friendly biological approaches including microbial entomopathogens for RPW management. The sublethal effects of a single entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (WG-11) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and two entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Nematoda: Rhabditida) were evaluated in various combinations against laboratory-reared 3rd, 5th and 8th instar larvae of RPW in laboratory assays. Individual and combined effects of both entomopathogens (EP) were observed after the pre-application of B. bassiana fungus at 1-2-week intervals. A number of parameters were measured after the application of sub-lethal doses of EPF such as diet consumption, development, frass production, mortality, and weight gain. Combined treatments were tested for additive and synergistic effects. Synergism was more frequently observed in B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae combined treatments than in B. bassiana and H. bacteriophora combinations. Early instar larvae of RPW were more susceptible than older instars. Synergistic effects were observed in the 3rd and 5th instars exposed to B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae at 0, 7 and 14-day intervals. Whereas, in 8th instar larvae, the synergistic effect was observed only in B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae treatments after 0 and 7 days intervals. EPN treatments decreased pupation, egg hatching and emergence of adults. Lethal effects of nematodes were also observed in all growth stages of R. ferrugineus. Reduced larval weight, increased larval, pre-pupal and pupal duration, reduced adult weight and life span were observed. Sub-lethal concentrations of both entomopathogens induced variations in the different developmental stages and reduced food consumption, frass production, growth, and weight gain. So, on the basis of results, it is concluded that synthetic pesticides should be replaced with environmentally friendly sustainable biopesticides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20bacteriophora" title="H. bacteriophora">H. bacteriophora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20carpocapsae" title=" S. carpocapsae"> S. carpocapsae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20bassiana" title=" B. bassiana"> B. bassiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108739/sublethal-effects-of-entomopathogenic-nematodes-and-fungus-against-the-red-palm-weevil-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-olivier-curculionidae-coleoptera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10670</span> Functional Mortality of Anopheles stephensi, the Urban Malaria Vector as Induced by the Sublethal Exposure to Deltamethrin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Aarumugam">P. Aarumugam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Krishnamoorthy"> N. Krishnamoorthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Gunasekaran"> K. Gunasekaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mosquitoes with loss of minimum three legs especially the hind legs have the negative impact on the survival hood of mosquitoes. Three days old unfed adult female laboratory strain was selected in each generation against sublethal dosages (0.004%, 0.005%, 0.007% and 0.01%) of deltamethrin upto 40 generations. Impregnated papers with acetone were used for control. Every fourth generation, survived mosquitoes were observed for functional mortality. Hind legs lost were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in treated than the controls up to generation 24, thereafter no significant lost. In contrary, no significant forelegs lost among exposed mosquitoes. Middle legs lost were also not significant in the exposed mosquitoes except first generation (F1). The field strain (Chennai) did not show any significant loss of legs (fore or mid or hind) compared to the control. The selection pressure on mosquito population influences strong natural selection to develop various adaptive mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anopheles%20stephensi" title="Anopheles stephensi">Anopheles stephensi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deltamethrin" title=" deltamethrin"> deltamethrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20mortality" title=" functional mortality"> functional mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20pyrethroids" title=" synthetic pyrethroids"> synthetic pyrethroids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11652/functional-mortality-of-anopheles-stephensi-the-urban-malaria-vector-as-induced-by-the-sublethal-exposure-to-deltamethrin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10669</span> Sublethal Effects of Industrial Effluents on Fish Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) from Ologe Lagoon Environs, Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akintade%20O.%20Adeboyejo">Akintade O. Adeboyejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20O.%20Clarke"> Edwin O. Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwatoyin%20Aderinola"> Oluwatoyin Aderinola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is on the sub-lethal toxicity of industrial effluents (IE) from the environment of Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria on the African catfish fingerlings Clarias gariepinus. The fish were cultured in varying concentrations of industrial effluents: 0% (control), 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. Trials were carried out in triplicates for twelve (12) weeks. The culture system was a static renewable bioassay and was carried out in the fisheries laboratory of the Lagos State University, Ojo-Lagos. Weekly physico-chemical parameters: Temperature (0C), pH, Conductivity (ppm) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO in mg/l) were measured in each treatment tank. Length (cm) and weight (g) data were obtained weekly and used to calculate various growth parameters: mean weight gain (MWG), percentage weight gain (PWG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival. Haematological (Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red blood cells (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Neutrophil and Lymphocytes etc) and histological alterations were measured after 12 weeks. The physico-chemical parameters showed that the pH ranged from 7.82±0.25–8.07±0.02. DO range from 1.92±0.66-4.43±1.24 mg/l. The conductivity values increased with increase in concentration of I.E. While the temperature remained stable with mean value range between 26.08±2.14–26.38±2.28. The DO showed significant differences at P<0.05. There was progressive increase in length and weight of fish during the culture period. The fish placed in the control had highest increase in both weight and length while fish in 35% had the least. MWG ranged from 16.59–35.96, DWG is from 0.3–0.48, SGR varied from 1.0–1.86 and survival was 100%. Haematological results showed that C. gariepinus had PCV ranging from 13.0±1.7-27.7±0.6, RBC ranged from 4.7±0.6–9.1±0.1, and Neutrophil ranged from 26.7±4.6–61.0±1.0 amongst others. The highest values of these parameters were obtained in the control and lowest at 35%. While the reverse effects were observed for WBC and lymphocytes. This study has shown that effluents may affect the health status of the test organism and impair vital processes if exposure continues for a long period of time. The histological examination revealed several lesions as expressed by the gills and livers. The histopathology of the gills in the control tanks had normal tissues with no visible lesion, but at higher concentrations, there were: lifting of epithelium, swollen lamellae and gill arch infiltration, necrosis and gill arch destruction. While in the liver: control (0%) show normal liver cells, at higher toxic level, there were: vacoulation, destruction of the hepatic parenchyma, tissue becoming eosinophilic (i.e. tending towards Carcinogenicity) and severe disruption of the hepatic cord architecture. The study has shown that industrial effluents from the study area may affect fish health status and impair vital processes if exposure continues for a long period of time even at lower concentrations (Sublethal). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20toxicity" title="sublethal toxicity">sublethal toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20effluents" title=" industrial effluents"> industrial effluents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clarias%20gariepinus" title=" clarias gariepinus"> clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ologe%20lagoon" title=" ologe lagoon"> ologe lagoon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9114/sublethal-effects-of-industrial-effluents-on-fish-fingerlings-clarias-gariepinus-from-ologe-lagoon-environs-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10668</span> Assessment of Genotoxic Effects of a Fungicide (Propiconazole) in Freshwater Fish Gambusia Affinis Using Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Essay)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourenane%20Bouhafs%20Naziha">Bourenane Bouhafs Naziha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ARTEA330EC is a fungicide used to inhibit the growth of many types of fungi on and cereals and rice, it is the single largest selling agrochemical that has been widely detected in surface waters in our area (Northeast Algerian). The studies on long-term genotoxic effects of fugicides in different tissues of fish using genotoxic biomarkers are limited. Therefore, in the present study DNA damage by propiconazole in freshwater fish Gambusia affinis by comet assays was investigated. The LC(50)- 96 h of the fungicide was estimated for the fish in a semi-static system. On this basis of LC(50) value sublethal and nonlethal concentrations were determined (25; 50; 75; and 100 ppm). The DNA damage was measured in erythrocytes as the percentage of DNA in comet tails of fishes exposed to above concentrations the fungicide. In general,non significant effects for both the concentrations and time of exposure were observed in treated fish compared with the controls. However It was found that the highest DNA damage was observed at the highest concentration and the longest time of exposure (day 12). The study indicated comet assay to be sensitive and rapid method to detect genotoxicity of propiconasol and other pesticides in fishes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title="genotoxicity">genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicide" title=" fungicide"> fungicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propiconazole" title=" propiconazole"> propiconazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater" title=" freshwater"> freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gambusia%20affinis" title=" Gambusia affinis"> Gambusia affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20single-cell%20gel%20electrophoresis" title=" alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis "> alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13291/assessment-of-genotoxic-effects-of-a-fungicide-propiconazole-in-freshwater-fish-gambusia-affinis-using-alkaline-single-cell-gel-electrophoresis-comet-essay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10667</span> Determination of Acute Toxicity of Atrazine Herbicide in Caspian Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, Larvae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Khoshnood">Z. Khoshnood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Khoshnood"> L. Khoshnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticides and drugs used in agriculture and veterinary medicine may end up in aquatic environments and bioaccumulate in the food chain, thus causing serious problems for fauna and human health. For determination of the toxic effects of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum larvae, the 96-h LC50 of atrazine was measured for newly hatched larvae as 18.53 ppm. Toxicity of atrazine herbicide on Caspian kutum larvae was investigated using concentrations: 9.25 ppm, 4.62 ppm and 2.31 ppm for 7 days. Comparison of the length, weight, and condition factor showed that no significant differences between atrazine exposed and control groups. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- in whole body of larvae in control and atrazine exposure groups were measured and the results showed that concentrations of all these ions is higher in atrazine exposure group than control group. It is obvious from this study that atrazine negatively affects osmoregulation process and changes ion compositions of the body even at sublethal concentration and acute exposure but have no effects on growth parameters of the body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atrazine" title="atrazine">atrazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspian%20Kutum" title=" Caspian Kutum"> Caspian Kutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20ions" title=" body ions"> body ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC50" title=" LC50"> LC50</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19928/determination-of-acute-toxicity-of-atrazine-herbicide-in-caspian-kutum-rutilus-frisii-kutum-larvae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10666</span> Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Honey from Cocoa and Forest Ecosystems in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20G.%20Boakye">Richard G. Boakye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20A%20Stanley"> Dara A Stanley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathavan%20Vickneswaran"> Mathavan Vickneswaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blanaid%20White"> Blanaid White</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa), an important cash crop that contributes immensely towards the economic growth of several Western African countries, depends almost entirely on pesticide application owing to the plant’s vulnerability to pest and disease attacks. However, the extent to which pesticides inputted for cocoa cultivation impact bees and bee products has rarely received attention in research. Through this study, the effects of pesticides applied for cocoa cultivation on honey in Ghana were examined by evaluating honey samples from cocoa and forest ecosystems in Ghana. An analysis of five honey samples from each land use type confirmed pesticide contaminants from these land use types at measured concentrations for acetamiprid (0.051mg/kg); imidacloprid (0.004-0.02 mg/kg), thiamethoxam (0.013-0.017 mg/kg); indoxacarb (0.004-0.045 mg/kg) and sulfoxaflor (0.004-0.026 mg/kg). None of the observed pesticide concentrations exceeded EU maximum residue levels, indicating no compromise of the honey quality for human consumption. However, from the results, it could be inferred that toxic effects on bees may not be ruled out because observed concentrations largely exceeded the threshold of 0.001 mg/kg at which sublethal effects on bees have previously been reported. One of the most remarkable results to emerge from this study is the detection of imidacloprid in all honey samples analyzed, with sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam also being detected in 93% and 73% of the honey samples, respectively. This suggests the probable prevalence of pesticide use in the landscape. However, the conclusions reached in this study should be interpreted within the scope of pesticide applications within Bia West District and not necessarily extended to other cocoa-producing districts in Ghana. Future studies should therefore include multiple cocoa-growing districts and other non-cocoa farming landscapes. Such an approach can give a broader outlook on pesticide residues in honey produced in Ghana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title="honey">honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa" title=" cocoa"> cocoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bees" title=" bees"> bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residues" title=" residues"> residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163111/evaluation-of-pesticide-residues-in-honey-from-cocoa-and-forest-ecosystems-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10665</span> Lethal and Sublethal Effect of Azadirachtin on the Development of an Insect Model: Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bendjazia%20Radia">Bendjazia Radia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Kilani-Morakchi"> Samira Kilani-Morakchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Aribi"> Nadia Aribi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Azadirachtin is a biorational insecticide commonly reported as selective to a range of beneficial insects. It is one of the most biologically active natural inhibitors of insect growth and development and it is known to be an antagonist of the juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). However, its mechanism of action remains still unknown. In the present study, the toxicity of a commercial formulation of Azadirachtin (Neem Azal, 1% azadirachtine) was evaluated by topical application at various doses (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 µg/insect) on the third instars larvae of D. melanogaster. Lethal doses (LD25: 0.28µg and LD50: 0.67µg), were evaluated by cumulated mortality at the immature stages. The effects of azadirachtin (LD25 and LD50) were then evaluated on the development (duration of the larval and pupal instars, the weight of larvae, pupa and adults) of Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that the insecticide increased significantly the larval and pupal instar duration. A reduction of larval and pupal weight is noted under azadirachtin treatment as compared to controls. In addition, the weight of surviving adults at the two tested dose was also reduced. In conclusion, azadirachtin seemed to interfere with the functions of the endocrine system resulting in development defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azadirachtin" title="azadirachtin">azadirachtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d.melanogaster" title=" d.melanogaster"> d.melanogaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31101/lethal-and-sublethal-effect-of-azadirachtin-on-the-development-of-an-insect-model-drosophila-melanogaster-diptera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10664</span> Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Erythrocytes of Channa punctatus (Bloch) Exposed to Mercuric Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Maheshwari">Shweta Maheshwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anish%20Dua"> Anish Dua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hematological changes reflect the adverse effects of heavy metals on fish. Hematology is a valuable tool to evaluate pathological condition of the fish. It helps in diagnosing the structural and functional status of fish exposed to toxicants. Morphological alteration in erythrocytes due to environmental stress can be studied through ultra-structural analysis. The aim of the present study was to assess the toxicity of mercuric chloride on red blood cells of an air breathing fish, Channa punctatus. Fish were subjected to chronic experiments using three sublethal concentration of mercuric chloride (0.020mg/L, 0.027mg/L, 0.040mg/L) for a period of 15, 30 and 60 days. Exposed fish of all the three concentrations were subjected to a recovery period of 30 days. A control was maintained in tap water simultaneously. For SEM analysis, blood from caudal vein of fish was taken and examined at an accelerating voltage of 20kV. Scanning electron micrographs revealed elliptical shaped erythrocytes of control fish. Alterations in the erythrocyte morphology such as presence of spherocytes, membrane internalization, crenation of membrane and development of lobopodial projections were observed in the exposed fish. The study revealed that ultra-structural analysis appears to be a sensitive method to evaluate the toxicity of various toxicants to fish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Channa%20punctatus" title="Channa punctatus">Channa punctatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythrocytes" title=" erythrocytes"> erythrocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercuric%20chloride" title=" mercuric chloride"> mercuric chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37384/scanning-electron-microscopy-of-the-erythrocytes-of-channa-punctatus-bloch-exposed-to-mercuric-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10663</span> Reliability Prediction of Tires Using Linear Mixed-Effects Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung%20Hwan%20Na">Myung Hwan Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-%20Chun%20Song"> Ho- Chun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EunHee%20Hong"> EunHee Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We widely use normal linear mixed-effects model to analysis data in repeated measurement. In case of detecting heteroscedasticity and the non-normality of the population distribution at the same time, normal linear mixed-effects model can give improper result of analysis. To achieve more robust estimation, we use heavy tailed linear mixed-effects model which gives more exact and reliable analysis conclusion than standard normal linear mixed-effects model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tires" title=" tires"> tires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20data" title=" field data"> field data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20mixed-effects%20model" title=" linear mixed-effects model"> linear mixed-effects model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815/reliability-prediction-of-tires-using-linear-mixed-effects-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10662</span> The Effect of TiO₂ Nanoparticles on Zebrafish Embryos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Maria%20Scalisi">Elena Maria Scalisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, photodegradation by nanoparticles (NPs) is a common solution for wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles are efficient for removing organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals from wastewater and killing microorganisms through environmentally friendly. In this context, the major representative of photocatalytic technology for industrial wastewater treatment are TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs). TiO₂-NPs have a strong catalytic activity that depends to their physicochemical properties. Thanks to their small size (between 1-100 nm), nanoparticles occupy less volume, then their surface area increases. The increase in the surface-to-volume ratio results in the increase of the particle surface energy, which improve their reactivity potential. However, these unique properties represent risks to the ecosystems and organisms when unintentionally TiO₂-NPs are release into the environment and absorbed by living organisms. Several studies confirm that there is a high level of interest concerning the safety of TiO₂-NPs in the aquatic environment, furthermore, ecotoxicological tools are useful to correctly evaluate their toxicity. In the current study, we aimed to characterize potential toxic effects of TiO₂-NP suspension to zebrafish during embryo-larval stages to evaluate parameters such as survival rates, malformation, hatching, the overall length of the larvae heartbeat, and biochemical biomarkers that reflect the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of TiO₂-NPs. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs at 1mg/L, 2mg/L, and 4mg/L) from fertilization to the free swimming stage (144hpf). Every day, we recorded the toxicological endpoints, moreover, immunohistochemical analysis has been performed at the end of the exposure. In particular, we have evaluate the expression of the following biomarkers: Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase-1 (PARP-1), Metallothioneins (MTs). Our results have shown that hatch ability, survival, and malformation rate were not affected by TiO₂ NPs at these exposure levels. However, TiO₂-NPs caused an increase of heartbeat and reduction of body length; at the same time, TiO₂-NPs have inducted the production of ROS and the expression of oxidative stress biomarkers HSP70 and PARP-1. Hight positivity for PARP-1 at all concentration tested was observed. As regards MT, positivity was found in the expression of this biomarker in the whole body of the embryo, with the exception of the end of the tail. Metallothioneins (MT) are biomarkers widely used in environmental monitoring programs for aquatic creatures. At the light of our results i.e. no death until the end of the experiment (144hpf), no malformation and expression of the biomarkers mentioned, it is evident that zebrafish larvae with their natural detoxification pathways are able to resist the presence of toxic substances and then they can tolerate the presence of metal concentrations. However, an excessive oxidative state can compromise cell function, therefore the uncontrolled release of nanoparticles into the environment is severe and must be constantly monitored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embryo%20zebrafish" title=" embryo zebrafish"> embryo zebrafish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSP70" title=" HSP70"> HSP70</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PARP-1" title=" PARP-1"> PARP-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146191/the-effect-of-tio2-nanoparticles-on-zebrafish-embryos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10661</span> Characterization of Optical Communication Channels as Non-Deterministic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale">Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford"> Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly telecommunications sectors are adopting optical technologies, due to its ability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. However, as in all systems of data transmission, optical communication channels suffer from undesirable and non-deterministic effects, being essential to know the same. Thus, this research allows the assessment of these effects, as well as their characterization and beneficial uses of these effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication" title="optical communication">optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-deterministic%20effects" title=" non-deterministic effects"> non-deterministic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372/characterization-of-optical-communication-channels-as-non-deterministic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">788</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10660</span> Impact of Bacillus subtilis Exotoxins on Fecundity, Sex Hormones and Release of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Youssef">Alaa A. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20El-Emam"> Mohamed A. El-Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momeana%20B.%20Mahmoud"> Momeana B. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20%20Ragheb"> Mona Ragheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by a parasitic trematode worm called Schistosoma. Biological control of the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma is one of the promising methods for eliminating this disease in Egypt. The molluscicidal activity of exotoxins secreted from Bacillus subtilis bacteria was studied. The effect of these exotoxins was studied on the fecundity of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni; the fecundity includes the reproductive rate (R0) of B. alexandrina snails and levels of sex hormones (progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol). Moreover, the cercarial production of S. mansoni was determined. The results showed a significant reduction in the egg-laying capacity of the treated snails after exposure to sublethal concentrations ( LC10 and LC25) of B. Subtilis exotoxins; this reduction reached 70% at LC25. Moreover, B. Subtilis exotoxins' significantly suppressed the cercarial production of B. alexandrina snails. It is concluded that the exotoxins of Bacillus subtilis bacteria play an important role in the interference of the Schistosomiasis transmission, hence should be applied in the strategy of schistosomiasis control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schistosomiasis" title="schistosomiasis">schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomphalaria%20alexandrina%20snails" title=" Biomphalaria alexandrina snails"> Biomphalaria alexandrina snails</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20bacteria" title=" Bacillus subtilis bacteria"> Bacillus subtilis bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity"> fecundity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20hormones" title=" sex hormones"> sex hormones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111495/impact-of-bacillus-subtilis-exotoxins-on-fecundity-sex-hormones-and-release-of-schistosoma-mansoni-cercariae-in-biomphalaria-alexandrina-snails" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10659</span> Modeling and Controlling Nonlinear Dynamical Effects in Non-Contact Superconducting and Diamagnetic Suspensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Kuznetsov">Sergey Kuznetsov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Urman"> Yuri Urman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present an approach to investigate non-linear dynamical effects occurring in the noncontact superconducting and diamagnetic suspensions, when levitated body has finite size. This approach is based on the calculation of interaction energy between spherical finite size superconducting or diamagnetic body with external magnetic field. Effects of small deviations from spherical shape may be also taken into account by introducing small corrections to the energy. This model allows investigating dynamical effects important for practical applications, such as nonlinear resonances, change of vibration plane, coupling of rotational and translational motions etc. We also show how the geometry of suspension affects various dynamical effects and how an inverse problem may be formulated to enforce or diminish various dynamical effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitation" title="levitation">levitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20dynamics" title=" non-linear dynamics"> non-linear dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting" title=" superconducting"> superconducting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamagnetic%20stability" title=" diamagnetic stability "> diamagnetic stability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47249/modeling-and-controlling-nonlinear-dynamical-effects-in-non-contact-superconducting-and-diamagnetic-suspensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10658</span> Interventions to Control Listeria Monocytogenes on Sliced Mushrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alanna%20Goodman">Alanna Goodman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayla%20Murray"> Kayla Murray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Warriner"> Keith Warriner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The following reports on a comparative study on the efficacy of different decontamination technologies to decrease Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto white sliced mushrooms and assesses the fate of residual levels during posttreatment storage under aerobic conditions at 8uC. The treatments were chemical (hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, ozonated water, electrolyzed water, chitosan, lactic acid), biological (Listeria bacteriophages), and physical (UV-C, UV:hydrogen peroxide). None of the treatments achieved .1.2 log CFU reduction in L. monocytogenes levels; bacteriophages at a multiplicity of infection of 100 and 3% (vol/vol) hydrogen peroxide were the most effective of the treatments tested. However, growth of residual L. monocytogenes during posttreatment storage attained levels equal to or greater than levels in the nontreated controls. The growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited on mushrooms treated with chitosan, electrolyzed water, peroxyacetic acid, or UV. Yet, L. monocytogenes inoculated onto mushrooms and treated with UV:hydrogen peroxide decreased during posttreatment storage, through a combination of sublethal injury and dehydration of the mushroom surface. Although mushrooms treated with UV:hydrogen peroxide became darker during storage, the samples were visually acceptable relative to controls. In conclusion, of the treatments evaluated, UV:hydrogen peroxide holds promise to control L. monocytogenes on mushroom surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=listeria%20monocytogenes" title="listeria monocytogenes">listeria monocytogenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliced%20mushrooms" title=" sliced mushrooms"> sliced mushrooms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriophages" title=" bacteriophages"> bacteriophages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV" title=" UV"> UV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitizers" title=" sanitizers"> sanitizers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29760/interventions-to-control-listeria-monocytogenes-on-sliced-mushrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10657</span> On the Optimality of Blocked Main Effects Plans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20SahaRay">Rita SahaRay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Dutta"> Ganesh Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, experimental situations are considered where a main effects plan is to be used to study m two-level factors using n runs which are partitioned into b blocks, not necessarily of same size. Assuming the block sizes to be even for all blocks, for the case n &equiv; 2 (mod 4), optimal designs are obtained with respect to type 1 and type 2 optimality criteria in the class of designs providing estimation of all main effects orthogonal to the block effects. In practice, such orthogonal estimation of main effects is often a desirable condition. In the wider class of all available m two level even sized blocked main effects plans, where the factors do not occur at high and low levels equally often in each block, E-optimal designs are also characterized. Simple construction methods based on Hadamard matrices and Kronecker product for these optimal designs are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20matrix" title="design matrix">design matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadamard%20matrix" title=" Hadamard matrix"> Hadamard matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kronecker%20product" title=" Kronecker product"> Kronecker product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%201%20criteria" title=" type 1 criteria"> type 1 criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20criteria" title=" type 2 criteria"> type 2 criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55584/on-the-optimality-of-blocked-main-effects-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10656</span> Media Effects in Metamodernity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20van%20der%20Merwe">D. van der Merwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite unprecedented changes in the media formats, typologies, delivery channels, and content that can be seen between Walter Benjamin’s writings from the era of modernity and those observable in the contemporary era of metamodernity, parallels can be drawn between the media effects experienced by audiences across the temporal divide. This paper will explore alignments between these two eras as evidenced by various media effects. First, convergence in the historical paradigm of film will be compared with the same effect as seen within the digital domain. Second, the uses and gratifications theory will be explored to delineate parallels in terms of user behaviours across both eras, regardless of medium. Third, cultivation theory and its role in manipulation via the media in both modernity and metamodernity will be discussed. Lastly, similarities between the archetypal personae populating each era will be unpacked. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence" title="convergence">convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20theory" title=" cultivation theory"> cultivation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20effects" title=" media effects"> media effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamodernity" title=" metamodernity"> metamodernity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uses%20and%20gratifications%20theory" title=" uses and gratifications theory"> uses and gratifications theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193879/media-effects-in-metamodernity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10655</span> Investigation of Flow Effects of Soundwaves Incident on an Airfoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thirsa%20Sherry">Thirsa Sherry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utkarsh%20Shrivastav"> Utkarsh Shrivastav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannan%20B.%20T."> Kannan B. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iynthezhuton%20K."> Iynthezhuton K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics remains one of the most poignant and well-researched fields of today. The current paper aims to investigate the predominant problem concerning the effects of noise of varying frequencies and waveforms on airflow surrounding an airfoil. Using a single speaker beneath the airfoil at different positions, we wish to simulate the effects of sound directly impinging on an airfoil and study its direct effects on airflow. We wish to study the same using smoke visualization methods with incense as our smoke-generating material in a variable-speed subsonic wind tunnel. Using frequencies and wavelengths similar to those of common engine noise, we wish to simulate real-world conditions of engine noise interfering with airflow and document the arising trends. These results will allow us to look into the real-world effects of noise on airflow and how to minimize them and expand on the possible relation between waveforms and noise. The parameters used in the study include frequency, Reynolds number, waveforms, angle of attack, and the effects on airflow when varying these parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20noise" title="engine noise">engine noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title=" aeroacoustics"> aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20excitation" title=" acoustic excitation"> acoustic excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed" title=" low speed"> low speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050/investigation-of-flow-effects-of-soundwaves-incident-on-an-airfoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10654</span> Modelling Causal Effects from Complex Longitudinal Data via Point Effects of Treatments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqin%20Wang">Xiaoqin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yin"> Li Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and purpose: In many practices, one estimates causal effects arising from a complex stochastic process, where a sequence of treatments are assigned to influence a certain outcome of interest, and there exist time-dependent covariates between treatments. When covariates are plentiful and/or continuous, statistical modeling is needed to reduce the huge dimensionality of the problem and allow for the estimation of causal effects. Recently, Wang and Yin (Annals of statistics, 2020) derived a new general formula, which expresses these causal effects in terms of the point effects of treatments in single-point causal inference. As a result, it is possible to conduct the modeling via point effects. The purpose of the work is to study the modeling of these causal effects via point effects. Challenges and solutions: The time-dependent covariates often have influences from earlier treatments as well as on subsequent treatments. Consequently, the standard parameters – i.e., the mean of the outcome given all treatments and covariates-- are essentially all different (null paradox). Furthermore, the dimension of the parameters is huge (curse of dimensionality). Therefore, it can be difficult to conduct the modeling in terms of standard parameters. Instead of standard parameters, we have use point effects of treatments to develop likelihood-based parametric approach to the modeling of these causal effects and are able to model the causal effects of a sequence of treatments by modeling a small number of point effects of individual treatment Achievements: We are able to conduct the modeling of the causal effects from a sequence of treatments in the familiar framework of single-point causal inference. The simulation shows that our method achieves not only an unbiased estimate for the causal effect but also the nominal level of type I error and a low level of type II error for the hypothesis testing. We have applied this method to a longitudinal study of COVID-19 mortality among Scandinavian countries and found that the Swedish approach performed far worse than the other countries' approach for COVID-19 mortality and the poor performance was largely due to its early measure during the initial period of the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20effect" title="causal effect">causal effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20effect" title=" point effect"> point effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modelling" title=" statistical modelling"> statistical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20causal%20inference" title=" sequential causal inference"> sequential causal inference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135503/modelling-causal-effects-from-complex-longitudinal-data-via-point-effects-of-treatments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10653</span> The Effects of Online Video Gaming on Creativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Shu-Hua%20Yeh">Chloe Shu-Hua Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effects of videogame play on players cognitive abilities is a growing research field in the recent decades, however, little is known about how ‘out-of-school’ use of videogame influences creativity. This interdisciplinary research explores the cognitive and emotional effects of two different types of online videogames (an action videogame and a non-action videogame) on subsequent creativity performances using a within-participant design study with 36 participants. Results showed that after playing the action game participants performed higher originality, elaboration and flexibility than after playing the causal game. The results explored effects of emotional states elicited during playing the games suggesting that arousal may be a significant emotional factor which influence subsequent creativity performance. The cognitive and emotional effects of videogame were discussed followed with implications for emotion-creativity-videogame play research, game designers, educational practitioners and parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attentional%20breadth" title="attentional breadth">attentional breadth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videogame%20play" title=" videogame play "> videogame play </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17950/the-effects-of-online-video-gaming-on-creativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10652</span> Side Effects of Dental Whitening: Published Data from the Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilma%20Robo">Ilma Robo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saimir%20Heta"> Saimir Heta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emela%20Dalloshi"> Emela Dalloshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevila%20Alliu"> Nevila Alliu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Ostreni"> Vera Ostreni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dental whitening process, beyond the fact that it is a mini-invasive dental treatment, has effects on the dental structure, or on the pulp of the tooth, where it is applied. The electronic search was performed using keywords to find articles published within the last 10 years about side effects, assessed as such, of minimally invasive dental bleaching treatment. Methodology: In selected articles, the other aim of the study was to evaluate the side effects of bleaching based on the percentage and type of solution used, where the latter was evaluated on the basic solution used for bleaching. Results: The side effects of bleaching are evaluated in selected articles depending on the method of bleaching application, which means it is carried out with recommended solutions, or with mixtures of alternative solutions or substances based on Internet information. Short conclusion: The dental bleaching process has side effects which have not yet been definitively evaluated, experimentally in large samples of individuals or animals (mice or cattle) to arrive at accurate numerical conclusions. The trend of publications about this topic is increasing in recent years, as long as the trend for aesthetic facial treatments, including dental ones, is increasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teeth%20whitening" title="teeth whitening">teeth whitening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20effects" title=" side effects"> side effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20teeth" title=" permanent teeth"> permanent teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formed%20dental%20apex" title=" formed dental apex"> formed dental apex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182709/side-effects-of-dental-whitening-published-data-from-the-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10651</span> Pruning Residue Effects on Symbiotic N₂ Fixation and δ¹³C Isotopic Composition of Sesbania sesban and Cajanus cajan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20T.%20Makhubedu">I. T. Makhubedu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Letty"> B. A. Letty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20F.%20Scogings"> P. F. Scogings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20L.%20Mafongoya"> P. L. Mafongoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite their potential importance in recycling dinitrogen (N2) fixed in alley cropping systems, the effects of tree pruning residues on symbiotic N2 fixation are poorly studied. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pruning residue management and pruning date on symbiotic performance and <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alley%20cropping" title="alley cropping">alley cropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%E2%82%82%20fixed" title=" N₂ fixed"> N₂ fixed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20abundance" title=" natural abundance"> natural abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99673/pruning-residue-effects-on-symbiotic-n2-fixation-and-d13c-isotopic-composition-of-sesbania-sesban-and-cajanus-cajan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10650</span> The Effects of Self- and Partner Reported Attachment Orientations and Mate Retention Behaviors: Actor and Partner Effects in Romantic Couples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasna%20Hudek-Knezevic">Jasna Hudek-Knezevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Kardum"> Igor Kardum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Krapic"> Nada Krapic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Jurcic"> Martina Jurcic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to examine the effects of self- and partner reported attachment orientations on self-reported mate retention behaviors in romantic couples using the actor-partner interdependence model. The study was carried out on 187 heterosexual couples aged from 18 to 35 years, with an average relationship length of 4.5 years. Participants were asked to complete the revised scale of adult attachment and short form of mate retention inventory. Actor and partner effects of self- and partner reported anxious and avoidant attachment orientations on mate retention categories (direct guarding, intersexual negative inducements, positive inducements, public signals of possession and intrasexual negative inducements) and domains (cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning), as well on overall mate retention were examined. Actor effects for women estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their own mate retention behaviors, whereas men’s actor effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their own mate retention behaviors. Women’s partner effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their partner’s mate retention behaviors, whereas men’s partner effects estimate whether their attachment orientations predict their partner’s mate retention behaviors. The use of two data sources, self- and partner reports, allow the control of the effects of common method variance when exploring actor and partner effects. Positive actor and partner effects of anxious attachment, as well as negative actor and partner effects of avoidant attachment on mate retention, were expected. In other words, it was expected that more anxiously attached individuals themselves, as well as their partners, will use mate retention behaviors more frequently. On the other hand, more avoidantly attached individuals themselves, as well as their partners, will use mate retention behaviors less frequently. These hypotheses were partially confirmed. The results showed that the strongest and most consistent effects across both data sources were men’s actor effects on the cost-inflicting mate retention domain, and especially on two mate retention categories, direct guarding, and intersexual negative inducements. Additionally, a consistent positive partner effect of men’s anxious attachment orientations on direct guarding was also obtained. Avoidant attachment orientation exerted few and inconsistent actor and partner effects on mate retention domains and categories. The results are explained by theoretical propositions addressing the effects of attachment orientations on an interpersonal romantic relationship in early adulthood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actor%20and%20partner%20effects" title="actor and partner effects">actor and partner effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment%20orientations" title=" attachment orientations"> attachment orientations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyadic%20analysis" title=" dyadic analysis"> dyadic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mate%20retention%20behavior" title=" mate retention behavior"> mate retention behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114532/the-effects-of-self-and-partner-reported-attachment-orientations-and-mate-retention-behaviors-actor-and-partner-effects-in-romantic-couples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10649</span> In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimitotic and Genotoxic Effect by the Allium cepa L. Test of the Aqueous Extract of Peganum harmala L. Leaves (Laghouat, Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouzid%20Yasmina">Ouzid Yasmina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiche-Iratni%20Ghenima"> Aiche-Iratni Ghenima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harchaoui%20Lina"> Harchaoui Lina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saadoun%20Noria"> Saadoun Noria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houali%20Karim"> Houali Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive molecules with biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimitotic.... These molecules include alkaloids, polyphenols and terpenes. The latter can be extracted by different solvents, namely: water, ethanol, methanol, butanol, acetone... This is why it seemed interesting to us to evaluate in vitro the antimitotic and genotoxic effect of these secondary metabolites contained in the aqueous extract of the leaves of Peganum harmala L. by the Allium cepa L. test on meristematic cells by calculating the mitotic parameters (The mitotic index, the aberration index and the limit value of cytotoxicity).A spectrophotometric determination of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids and flavonoids in the aqueous extract of this essence, was performed. As a result, the alkaloid content is estimated to be 28.42 μg EC/mg extract, and the flavonoid content is 12.52 μg EQ/mg extract. The determination of the mitotic index revealed disturbances in cell division with a highly significant difference between the negative control (distilled water) and the different samples (aqueous extracts, colchicine and quecetin). The exposure of meristematic cells to our samples resulted in a large number of chromosomal, nuclear and cellular aberrations with an aberration index reaching 16.21±1.28% for the 4mg/ml aqueous extract and 11.71±3.32% for the 10mg/ml aqueous extract. The limit value of cytotoxicity revealed that our samples are sublethal on Allium cepa L. meristematic cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allium%20cepa%20l." title="allium cepa l.">allium cepa l.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimitotic%20and%20genotoxic%20effect" title=" antimitotic and genotoxic effect"> antimitotic and genotoxic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20leaf%20extract" title=" aqueous leaf extract"> aqueous leaf extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laghouat%20%28algeria%29" title=" laghouat (algeria)"> laghouat (algeria)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peganum%20harmala%20l." title=" peganum harmala l."> peganum harmala l.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167156/in-vitro-evaluation-of-the-antimitotic-and-genotoxic-effect-by-the-allium-cepa-l-test-of-the-aqueous-extract-of-peganum-harmala-l-leaves-laghouat-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10648</span> Literature Review of the Antibacterial Effects of Salvia Officinalis L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benguerine%20Zohra">Benguerine Zohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merzak%20Siham"> Merzak Siham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouziane%20Cheimaa"> Bouziane Cheimaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Tayeb%20Fatima"> Si Tayeb Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jou%20Siham"> Jou Siham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkessam"> Belkessam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Antibiotics, widely produced and consumed in large quantities, have proven problematic due to various types of side effects. The development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics has made the search for new antibacterial agents necessary. One alternative strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the use of natural antimicrobial substances such as plant extracts. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the antibacterial effects of a plant native to the Middle East and Mediterranean regions, Salvia officinalis (sage). Materials and Methods: This review article was conducted by searching studies in the PubMed, Scopus, JSTOR, and SpringerLink databases. The search terms were "Salvia officinalis L." and "antibacterial effects." Only studies that met our inclusion criteria (in English, antibacterial effects of Salvia officinalis L., and primarily dating from 2012 to 2023) were accepted for further review. Results and Discussion: The initial search strategy identified approximately 78 references, with only 13 articles included in this review. The synthesis of the articles revealed that several data sources confirm the antimicrobial effects of S. officinalis. Its essential oil and alcoholic extract exhibit strong bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The significant value of the extract, oil, and leaves of S. officinalis calls for further studies on the other useful and unknown properties of this multi-purpose plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salvia%20officinalis" title="salvia officinalis">salvia officinalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects" title=" effects"> effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186196/literature-review-of-the-antibacterial-effects-of-salvia-officinalis-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublethal%20effects&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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