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class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&oldid=1196398209" title="Enmeshment">Revision as of 08:40, 17 January 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&action=edit&oldid=1196398209" title="Enmeshment">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-01-17T08:40:48Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Vells" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Vells" data-mw-revid="1196398209"><bdi>Vells</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Vells" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Vells">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Vells" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Vells">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>232</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">typo</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&diff=prev&oldid=1196398209" title="Enmeshment" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&oldid=1196466178" title="Enmeshment">Revision as of 16:11, 17 January 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&action=edit&oldid=1196466178" title="Enmeshment">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-01-17T16:11:24Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&action=edit&undoafter=1196398209&undo=1196466178" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Revirvlkodlaku" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Revirvlkodlaku" data-mw-revid="1196466178"><bdi>Revirvlkodlaku</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Revirvlkodlaku" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Revirvlkodlaku">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Revirvlkodlaku" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Revirvlkodlaku">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>81,941</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSNUMscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MOSNUMscript">script</a>-assisted date audit and style fixes per <a href="/wiki/MOS:NUM" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NUM">MOS:NUM</a> | Cleaned up using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoEd" title="Wikipedia:AutoEd">AutoEd</a></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&diff=next&oldid=1196466178" title="Enmeshment" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Short description|Concept in psychology and psychotherapy}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|Concept in psychology and psychotherapy}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Technical|date=January 2024}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Enmeshment''' is a concept in [[psychology]] and [[psychotherapy]] introduced by [[Salvador Minuchin]] (1921–2017) to describe families where [[personal boundaries]] are diffused, sub-systems undifferentiated, and over-concern for others leads to a loss of autonomous development.<ref>H. & L. Goldenberg, ''Family Therapy: An Overview'' (2008) pp. 244, 467.</ref> According to this hypothesis, by being enmeshed in parental needs, trapped in a discrepant role function,<ref>[[Virginia Satir]], ''Peoplemaking'' (1983) p. 167</ref> a child may lose their capacity for self-direction;<ref>R. C. Schwartz, ''Internal Family Systems Therapy'' (1997) p. 162</ref> their own distinctiveness, under the weight of "psychic incest";<ref>Robert Bly, ''Iron John'' (1991) pp. 170, 185–7.</ref> and, if family pressures increase, may end up becoming the [[identified patient]] or family [[scapegoating|scapegoat]].<ref>Goldenberg, p. 239</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>'''Enmeshment''' is a concept in [[psychology]] and [[psychotherapy]] introduced by [[Salvador Minuchin]] (1921–2017) to describe families where [[personal boundaries]] are diffused, sub-systems undifferentiated, and over-concern for others leads to a loss of autonomous development.<ref>H. & L. Goldenberg, ''Family Therapy: An Overview'' (2008) pp. 244, 467.</ref> According to this hypothesis, by being enmeshed in parental needs, trapped in a discrepant role function,<ref>[[Virginia Satir]], ''Peoplemaking'' (1983) p. 167</ref> a child may lose their capacity for self-direction;<ref>R. C. Schwartz, ''Internal Family Systems Therapy'' (1997) p. 162</ref> their own distinctiveness, under the weight of "psychic incest";<ref>Robert Bly, ''Iron John'' (1991) pp. 170, 185–7.</ref> and, if family pressures increase, may end up becoming the [[identified patient]] or family [[scapegoating|scapegoat]].<ref>Goldenberg, p. 239</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Enmeshment was also used by [[John Bradshaw (author)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>|John Bradshaw]] to describe a state of cross-generational bonding within a family, whereby a child (normally of the opposite sex) becomes a surrogate spouse for their mother or father.<ref>John Bradshaw, ''Reclaiming Virtue'' (2009) p. 390</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Enmeshment was also used by [[John Bradshaw (author)|John Bradshaw]] to describe a state of cross-generational bonding within a family, whereby a child (normally of the opposite sex) becomes a surrogate spouse for their mother or father.<ref>John Bradshaw, ''Reclaiming Virtue'' (2009) p. 390</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The term is sometimes applied to engulfing [[Codependency|codependent]] relationships,<ref>Bradshaw, p. 272</ref> where an unhealthy symbiosis is in existence.<ref>R. Abell, ''Own Your Own Life'' (1977) pp. 119–22</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The term is sometimes applied to engulfing [[Codependency|codependent]] relationships,<ref>Bradshaw, p. 272</ref> where an unhealthy symbiosis is in existence.<ref>R. Abell, ''Own Your Own Life'' (1977) pp. 119–22</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Critiques==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Critiques==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>There are important cultural differences in how "enmeshment" would be experienced or conceptualized, however. One study found that "enmeshed" adults in the United Kingdom experienced more depression than those in Italy, because of cultural expectations in more [[individualistic]] versus more [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Social_organization</del>#<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Collectivism_and_individualism</del>|collectivist]] cultures.<ref>Manzi C, Vignoles VL, Regalia C, Scabini E. Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: differentiation, identity, and well-being in two european cultures. J Marriage and Family. 2006;68(3):673–689. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>There are important cultural differences in how "enmeshment" would be experienced or conceptualized, however. One study found that "enmeshed" adults in the United Kingdom experienced more depression than those in Italy, because of cultural expectations in more [[individualistic]] versus more [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Social organization</ins>#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Collectivism and individualism</ins>|collectivist]] cultures.<ref>Manzi C, Vignoles VL, Regalia C, Scabini E. Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: differentiation, identity, and well-being in two european cultures. J Marriage and Family. 2006;68(3):673–689. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Further, feminist family therapy critics have argued<ref>Allen, S. F., & Stoltenberg, C. D. (1995). Psychological separation of older adolescents and young adults from their parents: An investigation of gender differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 542–546.</ref><ref>Boss, P., & Thorne, B. (1989). Family sociology and family therapy: A feminist linkage. In M. McGoldrick & C. M. Anderson (Eds.), Women in families: A framework for family therapy (pp. 78–96). New York:</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Further, feminist family therapy critics have argued<ref>Allen, S. F., & Stoltenberg, C. D. (1995). Psychological separation of older adolescents and young adults from their parents: An investigation of gender differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 542–546.</ref><ref>Boss, P., & Thorne, B. (1989). Family sociology and family therapy: A feminist linkage. In M. McGoldrick & C. M. Anderson (Eds.), Women in families: A framework for family therapy (pp. 78–96). New York:</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 28:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Parentification]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[Parentification]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Stockholm syndrome]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[Stockholm syndrome]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Structural family therapy]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[Structural family therapy]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 37:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Further reading==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Further reading==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*Robin Skynner, ''One Flesh, Separate Persons'' (London 1976)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>*<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>Robin Skynner, ''One Flesh, Separate Persons'' (London 1976)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==External links==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==External links==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html Enmeshment: Symptoms and Causes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626002926/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html |date=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2012-06-</del>26 }}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html Enmeshment: Symptoms and Causes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626002926/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html |date=26<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> June 2012</ins> }}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Psychological concepts]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Psychological concepts]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 16:11, 17 January 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Concept in psychology and psychotherapy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Enmeshment</b> is a concept in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a> introduced by <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Minuchin" title="Salvador Minuchin">Salvador Minuchin</a> (1921–2017) to describe families where <a href="/wiki/Personal_boundaries" title="Personal boundaries">personal boundaries</a> are diffused, sub-systems undifferentiated, and over-concern for others leads to a loss of autonomous development.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this hypothesis, by being enmeshed in parental needs, trapped in a discrepant role function,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a child may lose their capacity for self-direction;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their own distinctiveness, under the weight of "psychic incest";<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, if family pressures increase, may end up becoming the <a href="/wiki/Identified_patient" title="Identified patient">identified patient</a> or family <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enmeshment was also used by <a href="/wiki/John_Bradshaw_(author)" title="John Bradshaw (author)">John Bradshaw</a> to describe a state of cross-generational bonding within a family, whereby a child (normally of the opposite sex) becomes a surrogate spouse for their mother or father.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is sometimes applied to engulfing <a href="/wiki/Codependency" title="Codependency">codependent</a> relationships,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where an unhealthy symbiosis is in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others suggest that for the toxically enmeshed child, the adult's <a href="/wiki/Projective_identification" title="Projective identification">carried feelings</a> may be the only ones they know, outweighing and eclipsing their own.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques">Critiques</h2></div> <p>There are important cultural differences in how "enmeshment" would be experienced or conceptualized, however. One study found that "enmeshed" adults in the United Kingdom experienced more depression than those in Italy, because of cultural expectations in more <a href="/wiki/Individualistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualistic">individualistic</a> versus more <a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">collectivist</a> cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further, feminist family therapy critics have argued<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the very concept of enmeshment may "reflect prototypically male standards of self and relationships, which contribute to the common practice of labeling women's preferred interactional styles as pathological or dysfunctional".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Empirical research in this critical feminist tradition has found that young women with the strongest sense of family cohesion have the highest social self-esteem, despite exhibiting what could be pathologized as "enmeshment".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_personality" title="Atlas personality">Atlas personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-rumination" title="Co-rumination">Co-rumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_incest" title="Covert incest">Covert incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-generational_sexual_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-generational sexual relationships">Cross-generational sexual relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bind" title="Double bind">Double bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">Dysfunctional family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_nexus" title="Family nexus">Family nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux" title="Folie à deux">Folie à deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Searles" title="Harold Searles">Harold Searles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parentification" title="Parentification">Parentification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_syndrome" title="Stockholm syndrome">Stockholm syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_family_therapy" title="Structural family therapy">Structural family therapy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. & L. Goldenberg, <i>Family Therapy: An Overview</i> (2008) pp. 244, 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Satir" title="Virginia Satir">Virginia Satir</a>, <i>Peoplemaking</i> (1983) p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. C. Schwartz, <i>Internal Family Systems Therapy</i> (1997) p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Bly, <i>Iron John</i> (1991) pp. 170, 185–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldenberg, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Bradshaw, <i>Reclaiming Virtue</i> (2009) p. 390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradshaw, p. 272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Abell, <i>Own Your Own Life</i> (1977) pp. 119–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terence Real, <i>I Don't Want to Talk About It</i> (1997) pp. 206, 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manzi C, Vignoles VL, Regalia C, Scabini E. Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: differentiation, identity, and well-being in two european cultures. J Marriage and Family. 2006;68(3):673–689. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00282.x</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen, S. F., & Stoltenberg, C. D. (1995). Psychological separation of older adolescents and young adults from their parents: An investigation of gender differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 542–546.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boss, P., & Thorne, B. (1989). Family sociology and family therapy: A feminist linkage. In M. McGoldrick & C. M. Anderson (Eds.), Women in families: A framework for family therapy (pp. 78–96). New York: Norton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bograd M. Enmeshment, fusion or relatedness?: a conceptual analysis. Journal of Psychotherapy & The Family. 1988;3(4):65–80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000118">https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000118</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gorbett, K., & Kruczek, T. (2008). Family factors predicting social self-esteem in young adults. The Family Journal, 16(1), 58–65</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Robin Skynner, <i>One Flesh, Separate Persons</i> (London 1976)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html">Enmeshment: Symptoms and Causes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626002926/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/enmeshment-symptoms-and-causes-125738708.html">Archived</a> 26 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&oldid=1196466178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enmeshment&oldid=1196466178</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychological_concepts" title="Category:Psychological concepts">Psychological concepts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Family_therapy" title="Category:Family therapy">Family therapy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interpersonal_communication" title="Category:Interpersonal communication">Interpersonal communication</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_too_technical_from_January_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from January 2024">Wikipedia articles that are too technical from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_too_technical" title="Category:All articles that are too technical">All articles that are too technical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2024">Use dmy dates from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 January 2024, at 16:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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