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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8838</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: spatial behavior</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8838</span> The Spatial Equity Assessment of Community-Based Elderly Care Facilities in Old Neighborhood of Chongqing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiayue%20Zhao">Jiayue Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongjuan%20Wu"> Hongjuan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guiwen%20Liu"> Guiwen Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Old neighborhoods with a large elderly population depend on community-based elderly care facilities (community-based ECFs) for aging-in-place. Yet, due to scarce and scattered land, the facilities face inequitable distribution. This research uses spatial equity theory to measure the spatial equity of community-based ECFs in old neighborhoods. Field surveys gather granular data and methods, including coverage rate, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and G2SFCA. The findings showed that coverage is substantial but does not indicate supply is a match to demand, nor does it imply superior accessibility. The key contributions are that structuring spatial equity framework considering elderly residents’ travel behavior. This study is dedicated to the international literature on spatial equity from the perspective of travel behavior and could provide valuable suggestions for the urban planning of old neighborhoods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20ECFs" title="community-based ECFs">community-based ECFs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly%20residents%E2%80%99%20travel%20behavior" title=" elderly residents’ travel behavior"> elderly residents’ travel behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20neighborhoods" title=" old neighborhoods"> old neighborhoods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20equity" title=" spatial equity"> spatial equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186345/the-spatial-equity-assessment-of-community-based-elderly-care-facilities-in-old-neighborhood-of-chongqing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8837</span> A Geospatial Analysis of Residential Conservation-Attitude, Intention and Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prami%20Sengupta">Prami Sengupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randall%20A.%20Cantrell"> Randall A. Cantrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20Johns"> Tracy Johns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A typical US household consumes more energy than households in other countries and is directly responsible for a considerable proportion of the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases. This makes U.S. household a vital target group for energy conservation studies. Positive household behavior is central to residential energy conservation. However, for individuals to conserve energy they must not only know how to conserve energy but be also willing to do so. That is, a positive attitude towards residential conservation and an intention to conserve energy are two of the most important psychological determinants for energy conservation behavior. Most social science studies, to date, have studied the relationships between attitude, intention, and behavior by building upon socio-psychological theories of behavior. However, these frameworks, including the widely used Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory, lack a spatial component. That is, these studies fail to capture the impact of the geographical locations of homeowners’ residences on their residential energy consumption and conservation practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore geospatial relationships between homeowners’ residential energy conservation-attitudes, conservation-intentions, and consumption behavior. The study analyzes residential conservation-attitudes and conservation-intentions of homeowners across 63 counties in Florida and compares it with quantifiable measures of residential energy consumption. Empirical findings revealed that the spatial distribution of high and/or low values of homeowners’ mean-score values of conservation-attitudes and conservation-intentions are more spatially clustered than would be expected if the underlying spatial processes were random. On the contrary, the spatial distribution of high and/or low values of households’ carbon footprints was found to be more spatially dispersed than assumed if the underlying spatial process were random. The study also examined the influence of potential spatial variables, such as urban or rural setting and presence of educational institutions and/or extension program, on the conservation-attitudes, intentions, and behaviors of homeowners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation-attitude" title="conservation-attitude">conservation-attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation-intention" title=" conservation-intention"> conservation-intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20analysis" title=" geospatial analysis"> geospatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20energy%20consumption" title=" residential energy consumption"> residential energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20autocorrelation" title=" spatial autocorrelation "> spatial autocorrelation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93529/a-geospatial-analysis-of-residential-conservation-attitude-intention-and-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8836</span> A Qualitative Study on Job Selection of Diverse Job Seekers from the Perspective of Spatial Environment Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Yuan">Mi Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employment issues have become increasingly severe in contemporary society, with job seekers' criteria for work environments becoming more complex. However, most studies lack an analysis from the perspective of employment spatial environment. This study employs qualitative research methods such as interviews and thematic analysis, focusing on spatial environment behavior research. By analyzing the behaviors and preferences of key employment groups in China (college graduates, migrant workers, and reemployed laid-off workers) from the perspectives of physical and socio-cultural environments, this study identifies the consistencies and differences in personal viewpoints during job selection and their impact on employment decisions. The findings indicate that college graduates tend to emphasize the macro spatial environment, while migrant workers and reemployed laid-off workers are more concerned with micro spatial environment factors. Additionally, college graduates have higher requirements for the diversity of space types and the distinction between public and private spaces. Furthermore, aside from salary considerations, key employment groups generally place less importance on the socio-cultural environment compared to the physical environment. This study aims to highlight the significance of spatial environment in job selection decisions from the perspective of diverse job seekers, providing insights for policy-making and corporate recruitment strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job-seeking%20populations" title="job-seeking populations">job-seeking populations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20environment%20behavior" title=" spatial environment behavior"> spatial environment behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro" title=" micro"> micro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro" title=" macro"> macro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20environment" title=" physical environment"> physical environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20environment" title=" socio-cultural environment"> socio-cultural environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188846/a-qualitative-study-on-job-selection-of-diverse-job-seekers-from-the-perspective-of-spatial-environment-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8835</span> A Study on Spatial Morphological Cognitive Features of Lidukou Village Based on Space Syntax</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Guo">Man Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenyong%20Tan"> Wenyong Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By combining spatial syntax with data obtained from field visits, this paper interprets the internal relationship between spatial morphology and spatial cognition in Lidukou Village. By comparing the obtained data, it is recognized that the spatial integration degree of Lidukou Village is positively correlated with the spatial cognitive intention of local villagers. The part with a higher spatial cognitive degree within the village is distributed along the axis mainly composed of Shuxiang Road. And the accessibility of historical relics is weak, and there is no systematic relationship between them. Aiming at the morphological problem of Lidukou Village, optimization strategies have been proposed from multiple perspectives, such as optimizing spatial mechanisms and shaping spatial nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20villages" title="traditional villages">traditional villages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20syntax" title=" spatial syntax"> spatial syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20integration%20degree" title=" spatial integration degree"> spatial integration degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20problem" title=" morphological problem"> morphological problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184637/a-study-on-spatial-morphological-cognitive-features-of-lidukou-village-based-on-space-syntax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8834</span> Strategies of Spatial Optimization for Open Space in the Old-Age Friendly City: An Investigation of the Behavior of the Elderly in Xicheng Square in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunxiang%20Fang">Yunxiang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the aging trend continuing to accelerate, open space is important for the daily life of the elderly, and its old-age friendliness is worthy of attention. Based on behavioral observation and literature research, this paper studies the behavior of the elderly in urban open space. Through the investigation, classification and quantitative analysis of the activity types, time characteristics and spatial behavior order of the elderly in Xicheng Square in Hangzhou, it summarizes the square space suitable for the psychological needs, physiology and activity needs of the elderly, combined with the basis of literature research. Finally, the suggestions for the improvement of the old-age friendship of Xicheng Square are put forward, from the aspects of microclimate, safety and accessibility, space richness and service facility quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20characteristics" title="behavior characteristics">behavior characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old-age%20friendliness" title=" old-age friendliness"> old-age friendliness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20space" title=" open space"> open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square" title=" square"> square</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102097/strategies-of-spatial-optimization-for-open-space-in-the-old-age-friendly-city-an-investigation-of-the-behavior-of-the-elderly-in-xicheng-square-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8833</span> A Review of Spatial Analysis as a Geographic Information Management Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chidiebere%20C.%20Agoha">Chidiebere C. Agoha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armstong%20C.%20Awuzie"> Armstong C. Awuzie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chukwuebuka%20N.%20Onwubuariri"> Chukwuebuka N. Onwubuariri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joy%20O.%20Njoku"> Joy O. Njoku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spatial analysis is a field of study that utilizes geographic or spatial information to understand and analyze patterns, relationships, and trends in data. It is characterized by the use of geographic or spatial information, which allows for the analysis of data in the context of its location and surroundings. It is different from non-spatial or aspatial techniques, which do not consider the geographic context and may not provide as complete of an understanding of the data. Spatial analysis is applied in a variety of fields, which includes urban planning, environmental science, geosciences, epidemiology, marketing, to gain insights and make decisions about complex spatial problems. This review paper explores definitions of spatial analysis from various sources, including examples of its application and different analysis techniques such as Buffer analysis, interpolation, and Kernel density analysis (multi-distance spatial cluster analysis). It also contrasts spatial analysis with non-spatial analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspatial%20technique" title="aspatial technique">aspatial technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20analysis" title=" buffer analysis"> buffer analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title=" interpolation"> interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171698/a-review-of-spatial-analysis-as-a-geographic-information-management-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8832</span> Seismic Behavior of Self-Balancing Post-Tensioned Reinforced Concrete Spatial Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mircea%20Pastrav">Mircea Pastrav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horia%20Constantinescu"> Horia Constantinescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry is currently trying to develop sustainable reinforced concrete structures. In trying to aid in the effort, the research presented in this paper aims to prove the efficiency of modified special hybrid moment frames composed of discretely jointed precast and post-tensioned concrete members. This aim is due to the fact that current design standards do not cover the spatial design of moment frame structures assembled by post-tensioning with special hybrid joints. This lack of standardization is coupled with the fact that previous experimental programs, available in scientific literature, deal mainly with plane structures and offer little information regarding spatial behavior. A spatial model of a modified hybrid moment frame is experimentally analyzed. The experimental results of a natural scale model test of a corner column-beams sub-structure, cut from an actual multilevel building tested to seismic type loading are presented in order to highlight the behavior of this type of structure. The test is performed under alternative cycles of imposed lateral displacements, up to a storey drift ratio of 0.035. Seismic response of the spatial model is discussed considering the acceptance criteria for reinforced concrete frame structures designed based on experimental tests, as well as some of its major sustainability features. The results obtained show an overall excellent behavior of the system. The joint detailing allows for quick and cheap repairs after an accidental event and a self-balancing behavior of the system that ensures it can be used almost immediately after an accidental event it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20hybrid%20joint" title="modified hybrid joint">modified hybrid joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20type%20loading%20response" title=" seismic type loading response"> seismic type loading response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-balancing%20structure" title=" self-balancing structure"> self-balancing structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance%20criteria" title=" acceptance criteria"> acceptance criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54920/seismic-behavior-of-self-balancing-post-tensioned-reinforced-concrete-spatial-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8831</span> Enhanced Analysis of Spatial Morphological Cognitive Traits in Lidukou Village through the Application of Space Syntax</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Guo">Man Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper delves into the intricate interplay between spatial morphology and spatial cognition in Lidukou Village, utilizing a combined approach of spatial syntax and field data. Through a comparative analysis of the gathered data, it emerges that the spatial integration level of Lidukou Village exhibits a direct positive correlation with the spatial cognitive preferences of its inhabitants. Specifically, the areas within the village that exhibit a higher degree of spatial cognition are predominantly distributed along the axis primarily defined by Shuxiang Road. However, the accessibility to historical relics remains limited, lacking a coherent systemic relationship. To address the morphological challenges faced by Lidukou Village, this study proposes optimization strategies that encompass diverse perspectives, including the refinement of spatial mechanisms and the shaping of strategic spatial nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20villages" title="traditional villages">traditional villages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20syntax" title=" spatial syntax"> spatial syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20integration%20degree" title=" spatial integration degree"> spatial integration degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20problem" title=" morphological problem"> morphological problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186493/enhanced-analysis-of-spatial-morphological-cognitive-traits-in-lidukou-village-through-the-application-of-space-syntax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8830</span> Spatial Econometric Approaches for Count Data: An Overview and New Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Sim%C3%B5es">Paula Simões</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Nat%C3%A1rio"> Isabel Natário</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews a number of theoretical aspects for implementing an explicit spatial perspective in econometrics for modelling non-continuous data, in general, and count data, in particular. It provides an overview of the several spatial econometric approaches that are available to model data that are collected with reference to location in space, from the classical spatial econometrics approaches to the recent developments on spatial econometrics to model count data, in a Bayesian hierarchical setting. Considerable attention is paid to the inferential framework, necessary for structural consistent spatial econometric count models, incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation, to the corresponding estimation and testing procedures for different assumptions, to the constrains and implications embedded in the various specifications in the literature. This review combines insights from the classical spatial econometrics literature as well as from hierarchical modeling and analysis of spatial data, in order to look for new possible directions on the processing of count data, in a spatial hierarchical Bayesian econometric context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20data%20analysis" title="spatial data analysis">spatial data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20econometrics" title=" spatial econometrics"> spatial econometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20hierarchical%20models" title=" Bayesian hierarchical models"> Bayesian hierarchical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=count%20data" title=" count data"> count data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35788/spatial-econometric-approaches-for-count-data-an-overview-and-new-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8829</span> Estimation of Missing Values in Aggregate Level Spatial Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitha%20Puranik">Amitha Puranik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Binu"> V. S. Binu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seena%20Biju"> Seena Biju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Missing data is a common problem in spatial analysis especially at the aggregate level. Missing can either occur in covariate or in response variable or in both in a given location. Many missing data techniques are available to estimate the missing data values but not all of these methods can be applied on spatial data since the data are autocorrelated. Hence there is a need to develop a method that estimates the missing values in both response variable and covariates in spatial data by taking account of the spatial autocorrelation. The present study aims to develop a model to estimate the missing data points at the aggregate level in spatial data by accounting for (a) Spatial autocorrelation of the response variable (b) Spatial autocorrelation of covariates and (c) Correlation between covariates and the response variable. Estimating the missing values of spatial data requires a model that explicitly account for the spatial autocorrelation. The proposed model not only accounts for spatial autocorrelation but also utilizes the correlation that exists between covariates, within covariates and between a response variable and covariates. The precise estimation of the missing data points in spatial data will result in an increased precision of the estimated effects of independent variables on the response variable in spatial regression analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20regression" title="spatial regression">spatial regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20data%20estimation" title=" missing data estimation"> missing data estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20autocorrelation" title=" spatial autocorrelation"> spatial autocorrelation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20analysis" title=" simulation analysis"> simulation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58411/estimation-of-missing-values-in-aggregate-level-spatial-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8828</span> A Comprehensive Procedure of Spatial Panel Modelling with R, A Study of Agricultural Productivity Growth of the 38 East Java’s Regencies/Municipalities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahma%20Fitriani">Rahma Fitriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerlita%20Fahdha%20Pusdiktasari"> Zerlita Fahdha Pusdiktasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herman%20Cahyo%20Diartho"> Herman Cahyo Diartho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spatial panel model is commonly used to specify more complicated behavior of economic agent distributed in space at an individual-spatial unit level. There are several spatial panel models which can be adapted based on certain assumptions. A package called splm in R has several functions, ranging from the estimation procedure, specification tests, and model selection tests. In the absence of prior assumptions, a comprehensive procedure which utilizes the available functions in splm must be formed, which is the objective of this study. In this way, the best specification and model can be fitted based on data. The implementation of the procedure works well. It specifies SARAR-FE as the best model for agricultural productivity growth of the 38 East Java’s Regencies/Municipalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20panel" title="spatial panel">spatial panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specification" title=" specification"> specification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splm" title=" splm"> splm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20productivity%20growth" title=" agricultural productivity growth"> agricultural productivity growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143954/a-comprehensive-procedure-of-spatial-panel-modelling-with-r-a-study-of-agricultural-productivity-growth-of-the-38-east-javas-regenciesmunicipalities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8827</span> The Functions of Spatial Structure in Supporting Socialization in Urban Parks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Nasrolah%20Mazandarani">Navid Nasrolah Mazandarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Mohammadi%20Tahrodi"> Faezeh Mohammadi Tahrodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norshida%20Ujang"> Norshida Ujang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Jan%20Pech"> Richard Jan Pech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human evolution has designed us to be dependent on social and natural settings, but designed of our modern cities often ignore this fact. It is evident that high-rise buildings dominate most metropolitan city centers. As a result urban parks are very limited and in many cases are not socially responsive to our social needs in these urban ‘jungles’. This paper emphasizes the functions of urban morphology in supporting socialization in Lake Garden, one of the main urban parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses two relevant theories; first the concept of users’ experience coined by Kevin Lynch (1960) which states that way-finding is related to the process of forming mental maps of environmental surroundings. Second, the concept of social activity coined by Jan Gehl (1987) which holds that urban public spaces can be more attractive when they provide welcoming places in which people can walk around and spend time. Until recently, research on socio-spatial behavior mainly focused on social ties, place attachment and human well-being; with less focus on the spatial dimension of social behavior. This paper examines the socio-spatial behavior within the spatial structure of the urban park by exploring the relationship between way-finding and social activity. The urban structures defined by the paths and nodes were analyzed as the fundamental topological structure of space to understand their effects on the social engagement pattern. The study uses a photo questionnaire survey to inspect the spatial dimension in relation to the social activities within paths and nodes. To understand the legibility of the park, spatial cognition was evaluated using sketch maps produced by 30 participants who visited the park. The results of the sketch mapping indicated that a spatial image has a strong interrelation with socio-spatial behavior. Moreover, an integrated spatial structure of the park generated integrated use and social activity. It was found that people recognized and remembered the spaces where they engaged in social activities. They could experience the park more thoroughly, when they found their way continuously through an integrated park structure. Therefore, the benefits of both perceptual and social dimensions of planning and design happened simultaneously. The findings can assist urban planners and designers to redevelop urban parks by considering the social quality design that contributes to clear mental images of these places. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20structure" title="spatial structure">spatial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20activities" title=" social activities"> social activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sketch%20map" title=" sketch map"> sketch map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20park" title=" urban park"> urban park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=way-finding" title=" way-finding"> way-finding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433/the-functions-of-spatial-structure-in-supporting-socialization-in-urban-parks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8826</span> Population Dynamics in Aquatic Environments: Spatial Heterogeneity and Optimal Harvesting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarita%20Kumari">Sarita Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjit%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with plankton-fish dynamics where the fish population is growing logistically and nonlinearly harvested. The interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton population is considered to be Crowley-Martin type functional response. It has been assumed that phytoplankton grows logistically and is affected by a space-dependent growth rate. Conditions for the existence of a positive equilibrium point and their stability analysis (both local and global) have been discussed for the non-spatial system. We have discussed maximum sustainable yields as well as optimal harvesting policy for maximizing the economic gain. The stability and existence of Hopf –bifurcation analysis have been discussed for the spatial system. Different conditions for turning pattern formation have been established through diffusion-driven instability analysis. Numerical simulations have been carried out for both non-spatial and spatial models. Phase plane analysis, the largest Lyapunov exponent, and bifurcation theory are used to numerically analyzed the non-spatial system. Our study shows that spatial heterogeneity, the mortality rate of phytoplankton, and constant harvesting of the fish population each play an important role in the dynamical behavior of the marine system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20harvesting" title="optimal harvesting">optimal harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20formation" title=" pattern formation"> pattern formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20heterogeneity" title=" spatial heterogeneity"> spatial heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crowley-Martin%20functional%20response" title=" Crowley-Martin functional response"> Crowley-Martin functional response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116579/population-dynamics-in-aquatic-environments-spatial-heterogeneity-and-optimal-harvesting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8825</span> The Influence of 3D Printing Course on Middle School Students' Spatial Thinking Ability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xingjuan">Wang Xingjuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Dongming"> Qian Dongming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a common thinking ability, spatial thinking ability plays an increasingly important role in the information age. The key to cultivating students' spatial thinking ability is to cultivate students' ability to process and transform graphics. The 3D printing course enables students to constantly touch the rotation and movement of objects during the modeling process and to understand spatial graphics from different views. To this end, this article combines the classic PSVT: R test to explore the impact of 3D printing courses on the spatial thinking ability of middle school students. The results of the study found that: (1) Through the study of the 3D printing course, the students' spatial ability test scores have been significantly improved, which indirectly reflects the improvement of the spatial thinking ability level. (2) The student's spatial thinking ability test results are influenced by the parent's occupation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20school%20students" title=" middle school students"> middle school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20thinking%20ability" title=" spatial thinking ability"> spatial thinking ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence" title=" influence"> influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109150/the-influence-of-3d-printing-course-on-middle-school-students-spatial-thinking-ability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8824</span> Chromosomes Are Present in a Fixed Region on the Equatorial Plate Within the Interphase of Cell Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunxiao%20Wu">Chunxiao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyun%20Jiang"> Dongyun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Jiang"> Tao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luxia%20Xu"> Luxia Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Xu"> Qian Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Zhao"> Meng Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Zhu"> Qin Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhigang%20Guo"> Zhigang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinlan%20Pan"> Jinlan Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suning%20Chen"> Suning Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability and evolution of human genetics depends on chromosomes (and chromosome-chromosome interactions). We wish to understand the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells in order to understand the relationship between chromosome-chromosome interactions and to further investigate the role of chromosomes and their impact on cell biological behavior. In this study, we explored the relative spatial positional relationships of chromosomes [t (9;22) and t (15;17)] in B-ALL cells by using the three-dimensions DNA in situ fluorescent hybridization (3D-FISH) method. The results showed that chromosomes [t (9;22) and t (15;17)] showed relatively stable spatial relationships. The relative stability of the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells may be relevant to disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome" title="chromosome">chromosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20genetics" title=" human genetics"> human genetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome%20territory" title=" chromosome territory"> chromosome territory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-FISH" title=" 3D-FISH"> 3D-FISH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188219/chromosomes-are-present-in-a-fixed-region-on-the-equatorial-plate-within-the-interphase-of-cell-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8823</span> Spatial Scale of Clustering of Residential Burglary and Its Dependence on Temporal Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Alazawi">Mohammed A. Alazawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiguo%20Jiang"> Shiguo Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20F.%20Messner"> Steven F. Messner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research has long focused on two main spatial aspects of crime: spatial patterns and spatial processes. When analyzing these patterns and processes, a key issue has been to determine the proper spatial scale. In addition, it is important to consider the possibility that these patterns and processes might differ appreciably for different temporal scales and might vary across geographic units of analysis. We examine the spatial-temporal dependence of residential burglary. This dependence is tested at varying geographical scales and temporal aggregations. The analyses are based on recorded incidents of crime in Columbus, Ohio during the 1994-2002 period. We implement point pattern analysis on the crime points using Ripley’s K function. The results indicate that spatial point patterns of residential burglary reveal spatial scales of clustering relatively larger than the average size of census tracts of the study area. Also, spatial scale is independent of temporal scale. The results of our analyses concerning the geographic scale of spatial patterns and processes can inform the development of effective policies for crime control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhomogeneous%20K%20function" title="inhomogeneous K function">inhomogeneous K function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20burglary" title=" residential burglary"> residential burglary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20point%20pattern" title=" spatial point pattern"> spatial point pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20scale" title=" spatial scale"> spatial scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20scale" title=" temporal scale"> temporal scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92371/spatial-scale-of-clustering-of-residential-burglary-and-its-dependence-on-temporal-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8822</span> A Study on the Measurement of Spatial Mismatch and the Influencing Factors of “Job-Housing” in Affordable Housing from the Perspective of Commuting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daijun%20Chen">Daijun Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Affordable housing is subsidized by the government to meet the housing demand of low and middle-income urban residents in the process of urbanization and to alleviate the housing inequality caused by market-based housing reforms. It is a recognized fact that the living conditions of the insured have been improved while constructing the subsidized housing. However, the choice of affordable housing is mostly in the suburbs, where the surrounding urban functions and infrastructure are incomplete, resulting in the spatial mismatch of "jobs-housing" in affordable housing. The main reason for this problem is that the residents of affordable housing are more sensitive to the spatial location of their residence, but their selectivity and controllability to the housing location are relatively weak, which leads to higher commuting costs. Their real cost of living has not been effectively reduced. In this regard, 92 subsidized housing communities in Nanjing, China, are selected as the research sample in this paper. The residents of the affordable housing and their commuting Spatio-temporal behavior characteristics are identified based on the LBS (location-based service) data. Based on the spatial mismatch theory, spatial mismatch indicators such as commuting distance and commuting time are established to measure the spatial mismatch degree of subsidized housing in different districts of Nanjing. Furthermore, the geographically weighted regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the spatial mismatch of affordable housing in terms of the provision of employment opportunities, traffic accessibility and supporting service facilities by using spatial, functional and other multi-source Spatio-temporal big data. The results show that the spatial mismatch of affordable housing in Nanjing generally presents a "concentric circle" pattern of decreasing from the central urban area to the periphery. The factors affecting the spatial mismatch of affordable housing in different spatial zones are different. The main reasons are the number of enterprises within 1 km of the affordable housing district and the shortest distance to the subway station. And the low spatial mismatch is due to the diversity of services and facilities. Based on this, a spatial optimization strategy for different levels of spatial mismatch in subsidized housing is proposed. And feasible suggestions for the later site selection of subsidized housing are also provided. It hopes to avoid or mitigate the impact of "spatial mismatch," promote the "spatial adaptation" of "jobs-housing," and truly improve the overall welfare level of affordable housing residents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordable%20housing" title="affordable housing">affordable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20mismatch" title=" spatial mismatch"> spatial mismatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commuting%20characteristics" title=" commuting characteristics"> commuting characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20adaptation" title=" spatial adaptation"> spatial adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20benefits" title=" welfare benefits"> welfare benefits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152163/a-study-on-the-measurement-of-spatial-mismatch-and-the-influencing-factors-of-job-housing-in-affordable-housing-from-the-perspective-of-commuting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8821</span> Spatial Data Mining by Decision Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Oujdi">Sihem Oujdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafida%20Belbachir"> Hafida Belbachir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Existing methods of data mining cannot be applied on spatial data because they require spatial specificity consideration, as spatial relationships. This paper focuses on the classification with decision trees, which are one of the data mining techniques. We propose an extension of the C4.5 algorithm for spatial data, based on two different approaches Join materialization and Querying on the fly the different tables. Similar works have been done on these two main approaches, the first - Join materialization - favors the processing time in spite of memory space, whereas the second - Querying on the fly different tables- promotes memory space despite of the processing time. The modified C4.5 algorithm requires three entries tables: a target table, a neighbor table, and a spatial index join that contains the possible spatial relationship among the objects in the target table and those in the neighbor table. Thus, the proposed algorithms are applied to a spatial data pattern in the accidentology domain. A comparative study of our approach with other works of classification by spatial decision trees will be detailed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C4.5%20algorithm" title="C4.5 algorithm">C4.5 algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20trees" title=" decision trees"> decision trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-CART" title=" S-CART"> S-CART</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20data%20mining" title=" spatial data mining"> spatial data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11935/spatial-data-mining-by-decision-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">620</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8820</span> Optimization of Spatial Light Modulator to Generate Aberration Free Optical Traps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20K.%20Gupta">Deepak K. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20R.%20Ravindran"> T. R. Ravindran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Holographic Optical Tweezers (HOTs) in general use iterative algorithms such as weighted Gerchberg-Saxton (WGS) to generate multiple traps, which produce traps with 99% uniformity theoretically. But in experiments, it is the phase response of the spatial light modulator (SLM) which ultimately determines the efficiency, uniformity, and quality of the trap spots. In general, SLMs show a nonlinear phase response behavior, and they may even have asymmetric phase modulation depth before and after π. This affects the resolution with which the gray levels are addressed before and after π, leading to a degraded trap performance. We present a method to optimize the SLM for a linear phase response behavior along with a symmetric phase modulation depth around π. Further, we optimize the SLM for its varying phase response over different spatial regions by optimizing the brightness/contrast and gamma of the hologram in different subsections. We show the effect of the optimization on an array of trap spots resulting in improved efficiency and uniformity. We also calculate the spot sharpness metric and trap performance metric and show a tightly focused spot with reduced aberration. The trap performance is compared by calculating the trap stiffness of a trapped particle in a given trap spot before and after aberration correction. The trap stiffness is found to improve by 200% after the optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20light%20modulator" title="spatial light modulator">spatial light modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20trapping" title=" optical trapping"> optical trapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aberration" title=" aberration"> aberration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20modulation" title=" phase modulation"> phase modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106122/optimization-of-spatial-light-modulator-to-generate-aberration-free-optical-traps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8819</span> Research on the Development and Space Optimization of Rental-Type Public Housing in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuran%20Zhang">Xuran Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiru%20Chen"> Huiru Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, China has made great efforts to cultivate and develop the housing rental market, especially the rental-type public housing, which has been paid attention to by all sectors of the society. This paper takes Hangzhou rental-type public housing as the research object, and divides it into three development stages according to the different supply modes of rental-type public housing. Through data collection and field research, the paper summarizes the spatial characteristics of rental-type public housing from the five perspectives of spatial planning, spatial layout, spatial integration, spatial organization and spatial configuration. On this basis, the paper proposes the optimization of the spatial layout. The study concludes that the spatial layout of rental-type public housing should be coordinated with the development of urban planning. When planning and constructing, it is necessary to select more mixed construction modes, to be properly centralized, and to improve the surrounding transportation service facilities.  It is hoped that the recommendations in this paper will provide a reference for the further development of rental-type public housing in Hangzhou. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rental-type%20public%20housing" title=" rental-type public housing"> rental-type public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20optimization" title=" spatial optimization"> spatial optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93082/research-on-the-development-and-space-optimization-of-rental-type-public-housing-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8818</span> The Effectiveness of Spatial Planning And Land Use Management Act, 2013 in Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality: Case Study of Apel Nodal Point</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hlabishi%20Peter%20Ntloana">Hlabishi Peter Ntloana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to present the effectiveness of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013, in addressing key spatial challenges in Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality, mainly focusing on Apel nodal point. Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013, popularly known as SPLUMA, aimed at addressing emerging and existing spatial planning and land use management challenges in South Africa. There are critical key spatial challenges that are continuously encountered in Apel Nodal Point, which include dispersed rural settlement mainly in a communal settlement. The spatial patterns and rural settlements development patterns are a challenge, and such results in uncoordinated human settlements. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the spatial planning of Apel nodal points and determine the effectiveness of the SPLUMA policy. Key Informant interviews were conducted with 20 participants, and also the municipal Spatial Development Framework was considered to explore more challenges and proposed recommendations. The results divulged that there is a huge gap in addressing spatial planning, mainly in rural areas, and correlation with the findings of the Municipal Spatial Development framework. In conclusion, spatial planning remains a critical dilemma in most rural settlements, and there must be programmes and strategies to balance the effectiveness of spatial planning in urban and rural settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20management" title="land use management">land use management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20settlement" title=" rural settlement"> rural settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20development%20framework" title=" spatial development framework"> spatial development framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130007/the-effectiveness-of-spatial-planning-and-land-use-management-act-2013-in-fetakgomo-tubatse-local-municipality-case-study-of-apel-nodal-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8817</span> Algorithms used in Spatial Data Mining GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Bairami%20Rad">Vahid Bairami Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extracting knowledge from spatial data like GIS data is important to reduce the data and extract information. Therefore, the development of new techniques and tools that support the human in transforming data into useful knowledge has been the focus of the relatively new and interdisciplinary research area ‘knowledge discovery in databases’. Thus, we introduce a set of database primitives or basic operations for spatial data mining which are sufficient to express most of the spatial data mining algorithms from the literature. This approach has several advantages. Similar to the relational standard language SQL, the use of standard primitives will speed-up the development of new data mining algorithms and will also make them more portable. We introduced a database-oriented framework for spatial data mining which is based on the concepts of neighborhood graphs and paths. A small set of basic operations on these graphs and paths were defined as database primitives for spatial data mining. Furthermore, techniques to efficiently support the database primitives by a commercial DBMS were presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20data%20base" title="spatial data base">spatial data base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20discovery%20database" title=" knowledge discovery database"> knowledge discovery database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20relationship" title=" spatial relationship"> spatial relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20data%20mining" title=" predictive data mining"> predictive data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29004/algorithms-used-in-spatial-data-mining-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8816</span> Conjugate Free Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Nanofluid and Heated from Below by Spatial Wall Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Hashim">Ishak Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Alsabery"> Ammar Alsabery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of conjugate free convection in a square cavity filled with nanofluid and heated from below by spatial wall temperature is studied numerically using the finite difference method. Water-based nanofluid with copper nanoparticles are chosen for the investigation. Governing equations are solved over a wide range of nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.2), wave number ((0 ≤ λ ≤ 4) and thermal conductivity ratio (0.44 ≤ Kr ≤ 6). The results presented for values of the governing parameters in terms of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number. It is found that the flow behavior and the heat distribution are clearly enhanced with the increment of the non-uniform heating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20free%20convection" title="conjugate free convection">conjugate free convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cavity" title=" square cavity"> square cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20temperature" title=" spatial temperature"> spatial temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46696/conjugate-free-convection-in-a-square-cavity-filled-with-nanofluid-and-heated-from-below-by-spatial-wall-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8815</span> Social Studies Teachers Experiences in Teaching Spatial Thinking in Social Studies Classrooms in Kuwait: Exploratory Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huda%20Alazmi">Huda Alazmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social studies educational research has, so far, devoted very little attention towards spatial thinking in classroom teaching. To help address such paucity, this study explores the spatial thinking instructional experiences of middle school social studies teachers in Kuwait. The goal is to learn their teaching practices and assess teacher understanding for the spatial thinking concept to enable future improvements. Using a qualitative study approach, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews to examine the relevant experiences of 14 social studies teachers. The findings revealed three major themes: (1) concepts of space, (2) tools of representation, and (3) spatial reasoning. These themes illustrated how social studies teachers focus predominantly upon simple concepts of space, using multiple tools of representation, but avoid addressing critical spatial reasoning. The findings help explain the current situation while identifying weaker areas for further analysis and improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20thinking" title="spatial thinking">spatial thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concepts%20of%20space" title=" concepts of space"> concepts of space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20representation" title=" spatial representation"> spatial representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20reasoning" title=" spatial reasoning"> spatial reasoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164352/social-studies-teachers-experiences-in-teaching-spatial-thinking-in-social-studies-classrooms-in-kuwait-exploratory-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8814</span> Exploring the Spatial Relationship between Built Environment and Ride-hailing Demand: Applying Street-Level Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingjue%20Bao">Jingjue Bao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye%20Li"> Ye Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yujie%20Qi"> Yujie Qi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The explosive growth of ride-hailing has reshaped residents' travel behavior and plays a crucial role in urban mobility within the built environment. Contributing to the research of the spatial variation of ride-hailing demand and its relationship to the built environment and socioeconomic factors, this study utilizes multi-source data from Haikou, China, to construct a Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression model (MGWR), considering spatial scale heterogeneity. The regression results showed that MGWR model was demonstrated superior interpretability and reliability with an improvement of 3.4% on R2 and from 4853 to 4787 on AIC, compared with Geographically Weighted Regression model (GWR). Furthermore, to precisely identify the surrounding environment of sampling point, DeepLabv3+ model is employed to segment street-level images. Features extracted from these images are incorporated as variables in the regression model, further enhancing its rationality and accuracy by 7.78% improvement on R2 compared with the MGWR model only considered region-level variables. By integrating multi-scale geospatial data and utilizing advanced computer vision techniques, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dynamics between ride-hailing demand and the urban built environment. The insights gained from this research are expected to contribute significantly to urban transportation planning and policy making, as well as ride-hailing platforms, facilitating the development of more efficient and effective mobility solutions in modern cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20behavior" title="travel behavior">travel behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ride-hailing" title=" ride-hailing"> ride-hailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20relationship" title=" spatial relationship"> spatial relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title=" built environment"> built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street-level%20image" title=" street-level image"> street-level image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174593/exploring-the-spatial-relationship-between-built-environment-and-ride-hailing-demand-applying-street-level-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8813</span> Multi-Actors’ Scenario for Measuring Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Bangalore, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Kumara">H. S. Kumara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid process of urbanization and the growing number of the metropolitan cities and its region call for better governance in India. This article attempts to argue that spatial planning really matters for measuring the governance at metropolitan scale. These study explore to metropolitan governance and spatial planning and its interrelationship issues, concepts and evolution of spatial planning in India and critically examines the multi actors’ scenario for measuring metropolitan governance by means of spatial planning in context with reviewing various master plans, concept of multi-actors viewpoint on role of spatial planning related to zoning regulations, master plan implementations and effective service delivery issues. This paper argues and concludes that the spatial planning of Bangalore directly impact on measuring metropolitan governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan%20governance" title="metropolitan governance">metropolitan governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20delivery" title=" service delivery"> service delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-actors%E2%80%99" title=" multi-actors’"> multi-actors’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20survey" title=" opinion survey"> opinion survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20plan" title=" master plan"> master plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29857/multi-actors-scenario-for-measuring-metropolitan-governance-and-spatial-planning-a-case-study-of-bangalore-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8812</span> Enhancing Spatial Interpolation: A Multi-Layer Inverse Distance Weighting Model for Complex Regression and Classification Tasks in Spatial Data Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakin%20Hajlaoui">Yakin Hajlaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Labib"> Richard Labib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Plante"> Jean-François Plante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Gamache"> Michel Gamache</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces the Multi-Layer Inverse Distance Weighting Model (ML-IDW), inspired by the mathematical formulation of both multi-layer neural networks (ML-NNs) and Inverse Distance Weighting model (IDW). ML-IDW leverages ML-NNs' processing capabilities, characterized by compositions of learnable non-linear functions applied to input features, and incorporates IDW's ability to learn anisotropic spatial dependencies, presenting a promising solution for nonlinear spatial interpolation and learning from complex spatial data. it employ gradient descent and backpropagation to train ML-IDW, comparing its performance against conventional spatial interpolation models such as Kriging and standard IDW on regression and classification tasks using simulated spatial datasets of varying complexity. the results highlight the efficacy of ML-IDW, particularly in handling complex spatial datasets, exhibiting lower mean square error in regression and higher F1 score in classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20neural%20networks" title=" multi-layer neural networks"> multi-layer neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20descent" title=" gradient descent"> gradient descent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20interpolation" title=" spatial interpolation"> spatial interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20distance%20weighting" title=" inverse distance weighting"> inverse distance weighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185810/enhancing-spatial-interpolation-a-multi-layer-inverse-distance-weighting-model-for-complex-regression-and-classification-tasks-in-spatial-data-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8811</span> Slovenian Spatial Legislation over Time and Its Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreja%20Benko">Andreja Benko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Article presents a short overview of the architects’ profession over time with outlined work of the architectural theoreticians. In the continuation is described a former affiliation of Slovenia as well as the spatial planning documents that were in use until the Slovenia joint Yugoslavia (last part in 1919). This legislation from former Austro-Hungarian monarchy was valid almost until 1950 in some parts of Yugoslavia even longer. Upon that will be mentioned some valid Slovenian spatial documents which will be compared with the German legislation. Analysed will be the number of architect and spatial planners in Slovenia and also their number upon certain region in Slovenia. Based on that will be given also the number from statistical office of Slovenia of the number of buildings between years 2007 and 2012, and described also the collapse of the major construction companies in Slovenia and consequences of that. At the end will be outlined the morality and ethics by spatial interventions and lack of the architectural law in Slovenia as well as the problematic of minimal collaboration between the Ministry of infrastructure and spatial planning with the profession. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architect" title="architect">architect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislation" title=" legislation"> legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slovenia" title=" Slovenia"> Slovenia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6703/slovenian-spatial-legislation-over-time-and-its-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8810</span> Interdependencies of Culture, Economy, and Resource Availability ’ as 'Determinants of Spatial Inequality in Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahna%20K.%20C.">Shahna K. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belay%20Menon"> Belay Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taniya%20Joshua"> Taniya Joshua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As globalization in the era progresses, spatial inequality is turned to be one of the major concerns; the main intent of the Study is to focus on if there is any interdependencies of culture economy and resource availability on creating spatial inequality in cities. The paper tries to establish the relationship between spatial inequality – the quality of life – the DETERMINANT TRIAD (culture, economy, resource availability). Slum area of Dharavi is taken to evaluate the influence of these determinants on the quality of life as spatial inequality is evident there. Interdependencies of the determinants on creating spatial inequality is evaluated. For this, It is understood that these three parameters, i.e., culture, economy, resource availability, are determinants of urban design, each from the social, economic, environmental domains of sustainability, respectively. And there are studies individually on each of these aspects, how they determine the urban spaces, and how influential on the whole process of urbanization. Now extending the study towards the interdependencies of these three so as to find out how these trilogy shapes the urban form and space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20inequality" title="spatial inequality">spatial inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy" title=" economy"> economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20availability" title=" resource availability"> resource availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141246/interdependencies-of-culture-economy-and-resource-availability-as-determinants-of-spatial-inequality-in-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8809</span> Big Data Analysis on the Development of Jinan’s Consumption Centers under the Influence of E-Commerce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Wang">Hang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoming%20Gao"> Xiaoming Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly transformed consumer behavior and urban consumption patterns worldwide. This study explores the impact of e-commerce on the development and spatial distribution of consumption centers, with a particular focus on Jinan City, China. Traditionally, urban consumption centers are defined by physical commercial spaces, such as shopping malls and markets. However, the rise of e-commerce has introduced a shift towards virtual consumption hubs, with a corresponding impact on physical retail locations. Utilizing Gaode POI (Point of Interest) data, this research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of consumption centers in Jinan, comparing e-commerce-driven virtual consumption hubs with traditional physical consumption centers. The study methodology involves gathering and analyzing POI data, focusing on logistics distribution for e-commerce activities and mobile charging point locations to represent offline consumption behavior. A spatial clustering technique is applied to examine the concentration of commercial activities and to identify emerging trends in consumption patterns. The findings reveal a clear differentiation between e-commerce and physical consumption centers in Jinan. E-commerce activities are dispersed across a wider geographic area, correlating closely with residential zones and logistics centers, while traditional consumption hubs remain concentrated around historical and commercial areas such as Honglou and the old city center. Additionally, the research identifies an ongoing transition within Jinan’s consumption landscape, with online and offline retail coexisting, though at different spatial and functional levels. This study contributes to urban planning by providing insights into how e-commerce is reshaping consumption behaviors and spatial structures in cities like Jinan. By leveraging big data analytics, the research offers a valuable tool for urban designers and planners to adapt to the evolving demands of digital commerce and to optimize the spatial layout of city infrastructure to better serve the needs of modern consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20centers" title=" consumption centers"> consumption centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jinan" title=" jinan"> jinan</a> </p> <a 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