CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354d0ee81b9cb9',cH: 'rWdLdn.uDqQOzpSztBt5sgT5sYoR2gO2uGJzFx_ML0s-1739790312-1.2.1.1-b_grgYa0NoobrtGqJ153h1VsRaK7bTMeG8EpKYnczki1y6n09e.8bjOrnR8dqpX_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=job-seeking%20populations&__cf_chl_tk=Y4uJQ74Ju3dgj8Ei9Ng8ed34OeHbJg0GVsAQcpAyCjM-1739790312-1.0.1.1-JiklT4x88LQZVopCq3LY0f4Z2WFjY_Q9DSBtA6XWIC8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790312',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=job-seeking%20populations&__cf_chl_f_tk=Y4uJQ74Ju3dgj8Ei9Ng8ed34OeHbJg0GVsAQcpAyCjM-1739790312-1.0.1.1-JiklT4x88LQZVopCq3LY0f4Z2WFjY_Q9DSBtA6XWIC8",md: "l9M1UVCaA39iwbTDKlVdv4_qfbeUpYMGfPvosSzGUrc-1739790312-1.2.1.1-YTpIXlK.834t2udnsA1ghRM4HLDTlZj6FTJc4F8RLObkh_t4MZUEuhKXIP_hBvWuiBt78P9vMiY.GR8CLLhTJF0v6MiPEjlZLbiLl4PByAIH0eWcIK.2W4ahVPXzpIyiEPwQUtLp5ljHFnk4ULt5Z3V1lpFVWeZEQXI59Sy1IdL8ErMwDo9OiEw1DcoFOaQ2_ypeX63Gy0nMDcWmtvbNIfg8b0kJjTEcj5qtwXd2nx2uSIjyqk0NAwxTd0lRBxyVH5rWwil82e8OzNoZ5N0_W06cxZnlTpsR0S4rKNlU5Ugkm2lvv3u2djc7mgq_NAo8mTkOZe_pTkxappN.MNPG1Fp9PrdQRQhFmz9mmNfgaBis5PHwmBM6WYUJPeg_DPktY2S.RE6I2oT3tKtGkhfEV7FoGZfRGclHDbHssAgN_VOeAMQZKPPZ.aeLa755coMqzUErIBLjtgcxyDYhqKnruaN.C04tepZdvxrGKqguaB_yshiaauXRhf3uQZ.a5lbHapRBFLNIbneh1AyxtQ5PWmIl4c0edP_t8bAHKqNTTAZ4qIoJ325EYo9jxRdBoOCnocJzUm9nY1ip4XpLpOE52LUfL6mmD7kAaqu_AT5O9Q7bDruu9xlzufpm.GJCNzeyAhQi9Pu2s7JuFsnnKzoEH8Q05YUh1se42ElhOyhdWhBuYBmyreMudTLiC7dHU0kpQAiAxP0wyWfktXJdsklmhGmOq8Elf1PenFcwjlwyJyucp.wi7gcWkchDoaWHmIT8xeiDtIhZwsHFF4ToOYdfuI9GYY_YYktIqXD.Oaetidw4AvjVqU3u7SPMmfAp39X4sfu9G2Ax2t9w_sb0295STCdawAk7umS7JF9QJCPvoI1BcwP2oMdFeWOfoQUWdSkEfz6BRqzrgt_4UBIljC.8.FiCah1zEn0xAdGyYvVtxyISlAmFI.t0xCqifXqh4edRj7IPPhF4vJ1Fvis.WfnpahA0AXUx608guZL.6aAa7hmQl8Cs4psAyArp8boAASJesaFdkqrVI4x.BIgxGCPh8VpTBN6aB.1yIdEY_vB96YaUKn4G7o1uBubP9Vuc_1FoO385E9taW3tipNmSEIJeNuJ_lqHZlrLtZBM0LXHOYu150bly_Hamv4mobWvKx2_jFW4piMMu9PivVEQRkdZKi_12qPh260KsQUzDSnfR9.dWpXuupwbmm_VX3FQiZXWFpJid24xotV.yfiOjkEJ8WJ0zQs5M05FfnZ5nfEkmdfX4OE6ckj5d.x4SdUReUe004SvwOR8Y2VJ_sXccioSSKiMkN.Gui0Y0DMsXc1v8WX9DfduOheUNT4eP270hn9I0B7.EN9tvL3p.IC8QY.J65z81LvRJkV65RjUfRP3EH0oQ34.wdDbQoKgYdbcsUZlud1dQkmq8BOi36QfIU3z0ZkS5hDlxcaXLq.DaTBP1Cnn_HklKzty52FCqlZ2_Sswt8uBuc.Lsq3arMkDRZ8rcdEi.HYnVdFKbt8i4ZX4jXMZ8qYfGyWJmj71t5lT08OYHTDo9JOJ7EsybeXU77l7nncd.USRGzDvQfP_oCkrsQAZ281EqmG51IOoPHMNUK5oeOiyhGVsS3rBbARflrFzUWeFTduwzivp43KHaetK_2yIdwNhnJFJokAc3sDA4alg2DhzMzdhW0QmTuN3p7zL.BtPTLGqne.ln0ddpCpoKLdtOJO1j_4mEBoYHCF1Q2bJMK5eiP3f1GgvG9NP9ILVKj5WNtKfnNtRy4bCzNfulp_u8huxSqqnBD6SiL6lxncqQTej_tO65GPgggKEuYVPjGz0Y_d_squixUB1L1LEx0McTAM1kSjG.yJTGqotQnHbU0FcWZcJUpVL3Ch47wrihCqs.zjOWBp_ugqzACv8PpB6naqQENElp_2SHFmJZkUAOHPyeE404mIPxlpfMnh0DCekmWBqT9.UNDETHlgqJuxtYgwTNX_jNHkOK9tvhZMS8",mdrd: "fTWiuXbftNHHYlu.THSzwRg1Q0Ty_QFUjEmArem5Z48-1739790312-1.2.1.1-ZkPNvdAj_cdYpSdOaP.9r56Xwm_ZW2KKWzmJn_zx07Gr471Rp_4fgF4Emgebgbvf_Y5YczKt.zOXyXzNdUcCusp5bK7__Zns9yyW_QrSR3MazfvjYtcIt34hk4CSKno33w09ev.hqFIGgAvBdUD.vaXXVSLlJYLOXJuEF.q_dmWcFljNPRApcfpVs8fnHq5KG7nctTK89r08qdEx2_N3aStbpVg8FU.pxn398fQA8sX2eFeFZ8sl6bo1vxLZlxYXtfQ4P2fbum3u2.z3CWqcY_y2P9aUFuMCJIK3kWFHzoifOezTsV0SW6SCnIF3G6J9MbppxeDSTx1XY80CXjh8EVtCnBt7W8poKY0FjmN5qj_MDUf1xrhxHPAIS.x7S9wUVeeukYhXGxFrb8.KztLgOvOkmiOSS.8EijdUJdBuD4nimDlUlSNb4Is6J.xAgQUFChebIXbDZ48FZCt6TUMcNqg9n5bevV9.ea21l3kTiSwySOaXkorye1eBPfCP4eFtrYqxnZZIXN_Bjv1LJtyIknNvJRyqBPatox41iq3raas_OsAodk9M2FreZaOV.bbPJ5wx7nAXtNnQsN0wOr4SODbgDB8EWR0Bl0ZBvaMP51b4NcQEi_8wrw6UOO3.sizrvQtv0lPC3MghidUcOHd4di3w8eFp7Xg74vICOUL_NNo47VVeAIY563cHdzJuV.bUQ0kf6647iKCChmvyTt4lIKNSeV0DzeeM1EO_lZpoSvE1IgR0mAcvr3f_bolh_1qfhhqDxUtz60ccWvl_KOcKgQ6rENKK0QD5w8zmIrCN2b2BU0OsX3mv1iLHghYxbvLiDmM2QVRjPqB.JY4FPGmVSr4XqIp4AF3UxWQFOqShO17UyH66SwiZW4pPw5WLwvWXDzYc5TJJ6o0dqNJ_HEWdunEOktNM0xQXT5pmpMwqKxvEt1SaGPl5tbXrBSFAO1onKUr64tPQWhvGngPACY82D26UxeWsO2QcpiIT5cURygsNXYQwZMLQBKaekpmrsYZZl7uNAQG_57adDy281KFdcAN7g2uqH.tnYKHpFQTf4yhAt7likj_FFCtKbUdUhnFQvMfzIq1XKbMPlCsx2teGTkx28dyPFDPm2OCQ79iGpSLFSmVy291GA.WiMRDQIIIpUzOj1ZIop08leRGxkYVZfSEYrhgEmhpuz6BF51On748_ePN0rgdlVC3qFWzkB6SGVlGcqmcyS3npQsiZ0pcrA9kbKFNzfHICJOT.GBY2Wr4tDDBzJK7yzf0E_eQv42Y1nYAY9V67euFBKmJfLlnGAZsAMgTJ.JGCThCe4ORiWWgR3WS3jCy21trKU3R6gceVRnLP7EyG0JOXXL0xej6fG.BmzjKt8BqX6FcarkEulTqlLcF.Bl08uNZ35UJE6j5oUJMgq6bCCQzVZgNT5Ezz9l8KkoTrtldtUfA0LsDF.uwQnbVAz999o9ulXdETTmt6Ntu6hWLXH7tkc7QVUUNMekuyDfGkHcPNKapZqCaCMyBKHSLTR3HsPxlQc.EQu4wAq1gHc7ah2xbJoeLPmtDQg0Ms5tKljeHH28L0MzOgi1vO5PndehM0KWSnwIvF5ilNRwoBi6OeCvvaj9_YbVZ9jy5CbAJ96Ws_MuVKqQYcKN7ogow0i74aSt17XzU.lPUslXsg41H8_x8cuVnzK8AGKxt1QEhsNSQpkh1hF2ziga3WEw4s0cYI889KOp7BzMc9OoNkZCsqF6FW_fvdvsAYAvOTl_40DXKkQtoHdPqiU2NxlAxhRQ2MzM2kUgkF6qOtL4s2PSoxSLr3T0r97kwtClZZS_81bbD6FEEZm1tNFnNysvdumRHbbEPUaVfUSncvJl5Q7M0Q2T4YJLwRE19ysJt7IutarsN9uWgh804rXEp3AX6TlK8V2.muuvtPiq7APoGynvg9iYDdHzUq05PG8rRgCAjkKbML.9wvm1V1u30lKosf3LnrxAJft7_yvMhxChXbqD5tfj0G5JqjqShAfg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354d0ee81b9cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=job-seeking%20populations&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Y4uJQ74Ju3dgj8Ei9Ng8ed34OeHbJg0GVsAQcpAyCjM-1739790312-1.0.1.1-JiklT4x88LQZVopCq3LY0f4Z2WFjY_Q9DSBtA6XWIC8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>