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id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In North America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In North America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Columbia_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columbia_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Columbia University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columbia_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvard_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvard_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Harvard University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvard_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_California,_Los_Angeles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>University of California, Los Angeles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_California,_Los_Angeles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Other schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_scholars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_scholars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable scholars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_scholars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Book series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals_and_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals_and_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Journals and magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals_and_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Library_guides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_guides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Library guides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_guides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iranian studies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دراسات إيرانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دراسات إيرانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իրանագիտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրանագիտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran%C5%9F%C3%BCnasl%C4%B1q" title="İranşünaslıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İranşünaslıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Иранистика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иранистика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nistika" title="Íránistika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Íránistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistik" title="Iranistik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iranistik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranologio" title="Iranologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iranologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ایران‌شناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایران‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranologie" title="Iranologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iranologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%ED%95%99" title="이란학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իրանագիտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրանագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistika" title="Iranistika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iranistika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studi_Iran" title="Studi Iran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Studi Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Иранистикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иранистикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistica" title="Iranistica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iranistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ირანისტიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირანისტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Erannas%C3%AE" title="Îrannasî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îrannasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Иран таануу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран таануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الدراسات الايرانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الدراسات الايرانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="イラン研究 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン研究" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistikk" title="Iranistikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iranistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eronshunoslik" title="Eronshunoslik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eronshunoslik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistyka" title="Iranistyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iranistyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Иранистика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иранистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranologjia" title="Iranologjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Iranologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iranian studies" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1nistika" title="Iránistika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iránistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistika" title="Iranistika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iranistika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranistik" title="Iranistik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iranistik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Эроншиносӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эроншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Іраністика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іраністика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ایرانیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایرانیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Iran học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iran học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranolohiya" title="Iranolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iranolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%AD%A6" title="伊朗学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊朗学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 2px solid #0663a8"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#8eb7ff;">From <a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_studies" title="Category:Iranian studies">the series of articles</a> about</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#8eb7ff;"><a href="/wiki/Iranology" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranology">Iranology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahnameh3-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shahnameh3-1.jpg/220px-Shahnameh3-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shahnameh3-1.jpg/330px-Shahnameh3-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shahnameh3-1.jpg/440px-Shahnameh3-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="877" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#8eb7ff;;background:#8eb7ff;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Subjects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Land of Iran">Land of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Iran" title="Arts of Iran">Arts of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Culture of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">History of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_geography_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical geography of Iran (page does not exist)">Historical geography of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Geography of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Politics of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Economy of Iran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#8eb7ff;;background:#8eb7ff;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Iranologists" title="Category:Iranologists">Iranologists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Iranologists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Iranologists (page does not exist)">List of Iranologists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#8eb7ff;;background:#8eb7ff;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehkhoda_Dictionary_Institute" title="Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute">Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS University of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Letters_and_Humanities_of_the_University_of_Tehran" title="Faculty of Letters and Humanities of the University of Tehran">Faculty of Letters and Humanities of the University of Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian Academy (page does not exist)">Iranian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Language_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian Language Academy (page does not exist)">Iranian Language Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature" title="Academy of Persian Language and Literature">Academy of Persian Language and Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Culture_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian Culture Foundation (page does not exist)">Iranian Culture Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iran">National Library of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library,_Museum_and_Documentation_Center_of_the_Islamic_Consultative_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library, Museum and Documentation Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (page does not exist)">Library, Museum and Documentation Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27ashi_Najafi_Library" title="Mar'ashi Najafi Library">Mar'ashi Najafi Library</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialized_library_of_the_history_of_Islam_and_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialized library of the history of Islam and Iran (page does not exist)">Specialized library of the history of Islam and Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_National_Museum_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik National Museum of Iran">Malik National Museum of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_National_Heritage_of_Iran" title="Society for the National Heritage of Iran">Society for the National Heritage of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miras_Maktoob_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miras Maktoob Research Institute (page does not exist)">Miras Maktoob Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Iranian_Studies" title="Foundation for Iranian Studies">Foundation for Iranian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endowment_Foundation_Dr._Mahmoud_Afshar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endowment Foundation Dr. Mahmoud Afshar (page does not exist)">Endowment Foundation Dr. Mahmoud Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranology_Foundation" title="Iranology Foundation">Iranology Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Great_Islamic_Encyclopedia" title="Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia">Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Encyclopedia_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation (page does not exist)">Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Iranian_Studies" title="Association for Iranian Studies">Association for Iranian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_writing_Foundation_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia writing Foundation of Iran (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia writing Foundation of Iran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:2px 0px;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#8eb7ff;;background:#8eb7ff;padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_studies_journals" title="Category:Iranian studies journals">Journals</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Iranology_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Iranology books (page does not exist)">Books</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehkhoda_Dictionary" title="Dehkhoda Dictionary">Dehkhoda Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Comprehensive_Persian_language_lexicon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Comprehensive Persian language lexicon (page does not exist)">The Comprehensive Persian language lexicon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Comprehensive_history_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Comprehensive history of Iran (page does not exist)">The Comprehensive history of Iran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran" title="The Cambridge History of Iran">The Cambridge History of Iran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Iran_and_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Iran and Islam (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia of Iran and Islam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Islamica" title="Encyclopaedia Islamica">Encyclopaedia Islamica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_the_Islamic_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia of the Islamic World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Shia" title="Encyclopaedia of Shia">Encyclopaedia of Shia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature" title="Encyclopaedia of Persian Language and Literature">Encyclopaedia of Persian Language and Literature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Persian_Encyclopedia" title="The Persian Encyclopedia">The Persian Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayandeh_(magazine)" title="Ayandeh (magazine)">Ayandeh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Caucasus" title="Iran and the Caucasus">Iran and the Caucasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iran:_Journal_of_the_British_Institute_of_Persian_Studies" title="Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies">Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Studies_(journal)" title="Iranian Studies (journal)">Iranian Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iranica_Antiqua" title="Iranica Antiqua">Iranica Antiqua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranology_Researches_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranology Researches (journal) (page does not exist)">Iranology Researches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iranshenasi" title="Iranshenasi">Iranshenasi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irannameh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irannameh (page does not exist)">Irannameh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nama-i_farhangistan_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nama-i farhangistan (magazine)">Nama-i farhangistan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Linguistics_(Iran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Linguistics (Iran) (page does not exist)">Journal of Linguistics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Persianate_Studies" title="Journal of Persianate Studies">Journal of Persianate Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studia_Iranica" title="Studia Iranica">Studia Iranica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persica_(journal)" title="Persica (journal)">Persica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelk_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelk (magazine) (page does not exist)">Kelk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bukhara_magazine" title="Bukhara magazine">Bukhara magazine</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border: 0;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Iranian_studies" class="extiw" title="q:Iranian studies">Quote</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" 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href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/16px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranology" title="Template:Iranology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranology" title="Template talk:Iranology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Iranian studies</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ايران‌شناسی</span> <i><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Īrānšenāsī</i></span></i>), also referred to as <b>Iranology</b> and <b>Iranistics</b>, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a>. It is a part of the wider field of <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">Oriental studies</a>. </p><p>Iranian studies is broader than and distinct from <a href="/wiki/Persian_studies" title="Persian studies">Persian studies</a>, which is the study of the modern <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">literature</a> specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of not only <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a>, but also a variety of other contemporary and historical <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilakis">Gilakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baluchis" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchis">Baluchis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sogdians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdians">Sogdians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bactrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactrians">Bactrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarazmians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mazandaranis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaranis">Mazandaranis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_medieval_Iran">In medieval Iran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In medieval Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medieval Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, author of the Iranian national epic the <i><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i></span></i>, can be considered the founder of Iranian studies in the sense that in his work he made a deliberate effort to highlight <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian culture</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab conquests</a>. In this sense Ferdowsi's nationalistic approach can be contrasted with that of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari">Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari</a>, the famous ninth-century Iranian historian whose <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Prophets_and_Kings" title="History of the Prophets and Kings">History of the Prophets and Kings</a></i> reflects a more specifically Islamic perspective. Ferdowsi's work follows earlier semi-historical works such as the lost Sasanian-era <i><a href="/wiki/Khwaday-Namag" title="Khwaday-Namag">Khwaday-Namag</a></i>. </p><p>Persian historiography strictly speaking begins with the <i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh-i_Bayhaqi" title="Tarikh-i Bayhaqi">Tarikh-i Mas'udi</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Abulfazl_Bayhaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abulfazl Bayhaqi">Abulfazl Bayhaqi</a> (995-1077), whose fluent prose style was highly influential on subsequent <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>. Persian historical writing reached its peak two centuries later with the <i><a href="/wiki/Jami_al-Tawarikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jami al-Tawarikh">Jami al-Tawarikh</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Rash%C4%ABd_al-D%C4%ABn_Fadhl-all%C4%81h_Hamad%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashīd al-Dīn Fadhl-allāh Hamadānī">Rashīd al-Dīn Fadhl-allāh Hamadānī</a> (1247–1318). Other important historical works include the <i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh-i_Jahangushay" title="Tarikh-i Jahangushay">Tarikh-i Jahangushay</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(Yazdi_biography)" title="Zafarnama (Yazdi biography)">Zafarnamah</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Sharaf_ad-Din_Ali_Yazdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi">Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi</a>, a history of the Turco-Mongolian conqueror <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> (Tamerlane; 1370–1405). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_modern_Iran">In modern Iran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In modern Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the most prominent scholars of Iranian Studies in Iran during the twentieth century may be counted <a href="/wiki/Badiozzaman_Forouzanfar" title="Badiozzaman Forouzanfar">Badiozzaman Forouzanfar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarrinkoub" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub">Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zabihollah_Safa" title="Zabihollah Safa">Zabihollah Safa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mojtaba_Minovi" title="Mojtaba Minovi">Mojtaba Minovi</a>, Mohsen Abolqasemi, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tafazzoli" title="Ahmad Tafazzoli">Ahmad Tafazzoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Alireza Shapour Shahbazi</a>, and Fereydoon Joneydi. The <a href="/wiki/Dehkhoda_Dictionary" title="Dehkhoda Dictionary">Loghat-nameh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ali-Akbar_Dehkhoda" title="Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda">Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda</a> is the largest comprehensive Persian dictionary ever published, in 15 volumes (26,000 pages). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germany historically has one of the more prolific places for research and writings about Iran, outside of Iran itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iranian studies (German: <i>Iranistik</i>) in German-speaking countries goes as far back as 1654 AD and the publication of <i>Golestan Saadi</i> with translation by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Olearius" title="Adam Olearius">Adam Olearius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classical Iranology in German began in the early nineteenth century with the research and writings of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend" title="Georg Friedrich Grotefend">Georg Friedrich Grotefend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iran studies programs in Germany are at <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Freie Universität Berlin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Georg-August-Universit%C3%A4t_G%C3%B6ttingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg-August-Universität Göttingen">Georg-August-Universität Göttingen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The emergence of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the translation of the Avesta happened in the late eighteenth century, by French scholar <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hyacinthe_Anquetil-Duperron" title="Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron">Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iranian studies programs in France are at <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Nouvelle_University_Paris_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3">Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest recorded Swedish visitors to Iran were in the 17th century, with <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a> (1591–1643) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nils_Matsson_Ki%C3%B6ping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nils Matsson Kiöping (page does not exist)">Nils Matsson Kiöping</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Matsson_Ki%C3%B6ping" class="extiw" title="sv:Nils Matsson Kiöping">sv</a>]</span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1621</span>–1680).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However a Swedish gold coin from 1700s was found in an Iranian bazaar, which may indicate earlier contact between the cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Swedish scholars of Iranian studies included <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a> (1866–1931), <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Samuel_Nyberg" title="Henrik Samuel Nyberg">Henrik Samuel Nyberg</a> (1889–1974), <a href="/wiki/Geo_Widengren" title="Geo Widengren">Geo Widengren</a> (1907–1996), <a href="/wiki/Stig_Wikander" title="Stig Wikander">Stig Wikander</a> (1908–1984), and Sven Hartman (1917–1988). Among contemporary Swedish Iranologists are <a href="/wiki/Bo_Utas" title="Bo Utas">Bo Utas</a> (b. 1938), Carina Jahani (b. 1959), and <a href="/wiki/Ashk_Dahl%C3%A9n" title="Ashk Dahlén">Ashk Dahlén</a> (b. 1972).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major European scholarly organization devoted to Iranian Studies is the <i>Societas Iranologica Europaea</i>, founded in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iran_Heritage_Foundation" title="Iran Heritage Foundation">Iran Heritage Foundation</a> was founded in 1995 and is based in London.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They support Iranian studies at several universities and sponsors a wide range of public cultural events. </p><p>Other Iran studies programs in the United Kingdom are at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, the British Institute of Persian Studies (BIPS), <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Library_for_Iranian_Studies_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library for Iranian Studies (London)">Library for Iranian Studies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are Iran studies programs in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austrian Academy of Sciences</a>, Austria; <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw University">Warsaw University</a> in Poland; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> in Spain; and the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Society_for_Iranian_Studies" title="Scandinavian Society for Iranian Studies">Scandinavian Society for Iranian Studies</a> (SSIS) at various locations in Scandinavia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_North_America">In North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Columbia_University">Columbia University</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Columbia University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/A._V._Williams_Jackson" title="A. V. Williams Jackson">A. V. Williams Jackson</a> was an early <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> scholar on <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> and worked as a <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> professor. Jackson was known for producing a grammar of the <a href="/wiki/Avestan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Avestan language">Avestan language</a>. The monumental <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Iranica">Encyclopedia Iranica</a> project was started in 1985 and led by retired Columbia University professor, <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Ehsan Yarshater</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Harvard_University">Harvard University</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Harvard University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Frye" title="Richard N. Frye">Richard N. Frye</a> developed Iranian studies program in the 1950s at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_of_California,_Los_Angeles"><span id="University_of_California.2C_Los_Angeles"></span>University of California, Los Angeles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: University of California, Los Angeles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Iranian studies program was created at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA) in 1963 in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (NELC) that was established by Wolf Leslau a few years before, in 1959. The doctoral program at UCLA is the largest program in North America, and was the home institution of Professor emeritus Hanns-Peter Schmidt who used to read Old Iranian and Old Indic (Indo-Iranistik), and is now led by <a href="/wiki/M._Rahim_Shayegan" title="M. Rahim Shayegan">M. Rahim Shayegan</a> who also specializes in Ancient Iran. </p><p>In 2021, UCLA hosted an Indo-Persian Musical Confluence gathering, which spanned several days and was focused on the history between the <a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Setar" title="Setar">setar</a> instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_schools">Other schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> (1978–1979) the American academic centers in Iran were closed and their assets seized. Over the past three decades since then, lack of funding and the difficulty of research travel to Iran have been major obstacles to Iranian Studies scholars that are based in North America. </p><p>Other universities in the United States where Iranian Studies classes are offered include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>; <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>; <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan,_Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan, Ann Arbor">University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University, Bloomington</a>. Within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system, programs in Iran Studies are taught at the University of California, Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Iranian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="International Society for Iranian Studies">International Society for Iranian Studies</a> (previously known as the Society for Iranian Studies) was founded by a group of Iranian graduate students in 1967 and began producing a journal, <i>Iranian Studies</i>. The field expanded considerably during the 1970s, with a number of Americans having served in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> in Iran taking up academic positions. Close relations between Iran and the US facilitated the growth of academic programs as well as the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Institute" title="Asia Institute">Asia Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Iranian_Studies" title="American Institute of Iranian Studies">American Institute of Iranian Studies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> has an Iranian studies program. <i>The Yarshater Lectureship in Avestan and Pahlavi Languages</i> established at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> is one of the most prestigious honor in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the University of Toronto partnered with the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation</a> for a multiyear partnership to create the <i>Iranian Women Poets</i> and <i>Iranian Cinema</i> digital projects.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Iranian_Studies" title="American Institute of Iranian Studies">American Institute of Iranian Studies</a> (AIIrS) is a nonprofit founded in 1967, formed to promoted Iranian and Persian studies in American educational institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Iranian_Studies" title="Foundation for Iranian Studies">Foundation for Iranian Studies</a> is a nonprofit founded in 1981 in Bethesda, Maryland, and since 1982 they host an oral history program.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilex_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilex Foundation (page does not exist)">Ilex Foundation</a> is a nonprofit organization founded in 1999 in Boston, Massachusetts, formed to study Mediterranean and Near Eastern civilizations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Iran_Heritage_Foundation" title="Iran Heritage Foundation">Iran Heritage Foundation</a> (IHF) is a nonprofit founded in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Ali_M._Ansari" title="Ali M. Ansari">Ali Ansari</a> in the United Kingdom;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the parallel organization the Iran Heritage Foundation America is a nonprofit founded in 2010 in New York. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Societas_Iranologica_Europaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Societas Iranologica Europaea (page does not exist)">Societas Iranologica Europaea</a> (SIE) was founded in 1983 in Rome,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with members from European and non-European countries. SIE works to promote and support Persian and Iranian <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>, linguistics, literature, history, religions, art, archaeology, philosophy, ethnology, geography, human sciences, and <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_scholars">Notable scholars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Iranologists" title="Category:Iranologists">Category:Iranologists</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraj_Afshar" title="Iraj Afshar">Iraj Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrdad_Bahar" title="Mehrdad Bahar">Mehrdad Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Boyce" title="Mary Boyce">Mary Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Frye" title="Richard N. Frye">Richard N. Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Axworthy" title="Michael Axworthy">Michael Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ghirshman" title="Roman Ghirshman">Roman Ghirshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Roaf" title="Michael Roaf">Michael Roaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Russell" title="James R. Russell">James R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Schmidt_(archaeologist)" title="Erich Schmidt (archaeologist)">Erich Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Alireza Shapour Shahbazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stronach" title="David Stronach">David Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tafazzoli" title="Ahmad Tafazzoli">Ahmad Tafazzoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Ehsan Yarshater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarrinkoub" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub">Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book_series">Book series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Book series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lit-verlag.de/reihe/irastu">Iranian Studies (LIT Verlag)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222042003/http://www.lit-verlag.de/reihe/irastu">Archived</a> 2019-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easaonline.org/networks/amce/book_series.shtml">The Anthropology of Persianate Societies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journals_and_magazines">Journals and magazines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Journals and magazines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Abstracta Iranica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acta_Iranica" title="Acta Iranica">Acta Iranica</a></li> <li>Analytica Iranica</li> <li>Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_Orientalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ars Orientalis">Ars Orientalis</a>, from the Freer Gallery of Art and the University of Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara_magazine" title="Bukhara magazine"><i>Bukhara</i> magazine</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DABIR</li> <li>Farhang-i Kerman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique:_Critical_Middle_Eastern_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies">Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies</a></li> <li>Indo-Iranica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_Journal" title="Indo-Iranian Journal">Indo-Iranian Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran:_Journal_of_the_British_Institute_of_Persian_Studies" title="Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies">Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies</a></li> <li>Iran Analysis Quarterly (ISG Journal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranica_Antiqua_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranica Antiqua (journal)">Iranica Antiqua</a> edited by Department of Near Eastern Studies of Gent University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Caucasus" title="Iran and the Caucasus">Iran and the Caucasus</a> journal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Studies_(journal)" title="Iranian Studies (journal)">Iranian Studies</a> journal</li> <li>Iran-nameh: Armenian Journal of Oriental Studies</li> <li>Iranshinakht</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranshenasi" title="Iranshenasi">Iranshenasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranica_Antiqua" title="Iranica Antiqua">Iranica Antiqua</a> journal</li> <li>Iranistische Mitteilungen</li> <li>The Journal of the Anthropology of the Contemporary Middle East and Central Eurasia (ACME)</li> <li>Namah-i Farhangistan</li> <li>Nowruz Journal</li> <li>Majallah-yi Zabanshinasi</li> <li>Manuscripta Orientalia (includes articles on Persian manuscripts)</li> <li>Namah-i Farhangistan</li> <li>Persica, from Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran</li> <li>Rahavard</li> <li>Studia Iranica</li> <li>Zabanshinas</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_studies" title="Indo-European studies">Indo-European Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iranian world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranology_Foundation" title="Iranology Foundation">Iranology Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Culture of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_studies" title="Central Asian studies">Central Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_studies" title="Armenian studies">Armenian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkology" title="Turkology">Turkology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Assyriology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_studies" title="Mandaean studies">Mandaean studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_studies" title="Syriac studies">Syriac studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature" title="Academy of Persian Language and Literature">Academy of Persian Language and Literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago%27s_Persian_heritage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago's Persian heritage crisis">Chicago's Persian heritage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Iran" title="International rankings of Iran">International rankings of Iran</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Persian&rft.atitle=%DA%86%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7&rft.date=2005-03-22&rft.aulast=Jami&rft.aufirst=Mehdi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fpersian%2Farts%2Fstory%2F2005%2F03%2F050322_mj-bukhara-magazine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iranianstudy.org/">short courses in Iranology by Faculty of World Studies of Tehran university </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranian-studies.com/">International Society for Iranian Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farhangiran.com/">Bonyad e farhang e Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523184149/http://farhangiran.com/">Archived</a> 2022-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pahlavica.org/">Encyclopædia Pahlavica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_guides">Library guides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_studies&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Library guides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709013706/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/iran/bib.html">"Guide to Sources on Iran: Bibliography"</a>. British Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/iran/bib.html">the original</a> on 2018-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Sources+on+Iran%3A+Bibliography&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Freshelp%2Ffindhelpregion%2Fasia%2Firan%2Fbib.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_Library" class="citation web cs1">University Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200120152511/https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12439&p=66023">"Middle East Studies and Research: Iran"</a>. <i>Course & Subject Guides</i>. USA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12439&p=66023">the original</a> on 2020-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Course+%26+Subject+Guides&rft.atitle=Middle+East+Studies+and+Research%3A+Iran&rft.au=University+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitt.libguides.com%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D12439%26p%3D66023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary" class="citation web cs1">Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraryguides.mcgill.ca/IranianStudies">"Iranian Studies"</a>. <i>Guides</i>. Canada: <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guides&rft.atitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.au=Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraryguides.mcgill.ca%2FIranianStudies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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