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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rome period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rome_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_Milan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_Milan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archbishop of Milan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archbishop_of_Milan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archbishop of Milan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_Milan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reform_in_Milan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_in_Milan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reform in Milan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_in_Milan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_English_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_English_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Influence on English affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_English_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution_of_religious_dissidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution_of_religious_dissidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Persecution of religious dissidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution_of_religious_dissidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_and_last_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_and_last_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversy and last days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_and_last_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Veneration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Veneration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.3</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seminaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seminaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Seminaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seminaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Borromeo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B0" title="Карла Барамеа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карла Барамеа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Карло Боромео – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карло Боромео" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carles_Borromeo" title="Carles Borromeo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carles Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Boromejsk%C3%BD" title="Karel Boromejský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karel Boromejský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Borrom%C3%A4us" title="Karl Borromäus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Borromäus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BF" title="Κάρλο Μπορρομέο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρλο Μπορρομέο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Borromeo" title="Carlos Borromeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlos Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Boromeo" title="Karlo Boromeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karlo Boromeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlos_Borromeo" title="Karlos Borromeo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karlos Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e" title="Charles Borromée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Borromée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A1%A4%EB%A1%9C_%EB%B3%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EC%98%A4" title="가롤로 보로메오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가롤로 보로메오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Boromejski" title="Karlo Boromejski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karlo Boromejski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolus_Borromeus" title="Karolus Borromeus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karolus Borromeus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95" title="קארלו בורומאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קארלו בורומאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Borromeo" title="Carlos Borromeo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Carlos Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoli_Borromeo" title="Karoli Borromeo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karoli Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Borromaeus" title="Carolus Borromaeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Borromaeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Borromeo" title="Karlo Borromeo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromee" title="Carlo Borromee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carlo Borromee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borromei_Szent_K%C3%A1roly" title="Borromei Szent Károly – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Borromei Szent Károly" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89)" title="تشارلز بوروميو (قديس كاثوليكى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز بوروميو (قديس كاثوليكى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Borromeus" title="Carolus Borromeus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carolus Borromeus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA" title="カルロ・ボッロメーオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルロ・ボッロメーオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Borom%C3%A9" title="Carl Boromé – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carl Boromé" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Boromeusz" title="Karol Boromeusz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karol Boromeusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Borromeu" title="Carlos Borromeu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carlos Borromeu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Борромео, Карло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Борромео, Карло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Carru_Burrumeu" title="San Carru Burrumeu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="San Carru Burrumeu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Boromejsk%C3%BD" title="Karol Boromejský – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karol Boromejský" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Boromejski" title="Karel Boromejski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karel Boromejski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B" title="சார்லஸ் பொரோமெயோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்லஸ் பொரோமெயோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" title="Carlo Borromeo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carlo Borromeo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Карло Борромео – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карло Борромео" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic prelate and saint (1538–1584)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"San Carlo Borromeo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_Borromeo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="San Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation)">San Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Carlo Borromeo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation)">Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation)</a>. For the Indian sprinter, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo_(athlete)" title="Charles Borromeo (athlete)">Charles Borromeo (athlete)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #FFA4A4;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Charles Borromeo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Milan">Archbishop of Milan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlo_Borromeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="head and shoulders of a man in cardinals robes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carlo_Borromeo.jpg/220px-Carlo_Borromeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carlo_Borromeo.jpg/330px-Carlo_Borromeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carlo_Borromeo.jpg/440px-Carlo_Borromeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Ambrogio_Figino" title="Giovanni Ambrogio Figino">Giovanni Ambrogio Figino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archdiocese</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Milan">Milan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data">Milan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed</th><td class="infobox-data">12 May 1564</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1584</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Archinto" title="Filippo Archinto">Filippo Archinto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Visconti" title="Gaspare Visconti">Gaspare Visconti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">4 September 1563<br />by <a href="/wiki/Federico_Cesi_(cardinal)" title="Federico Cesi (cardinal)">Federico Cesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">7 December 1563<br />by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Serbelloni" title="Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni">Giovanni Serbelloni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created cardinal</th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1560<br />by <a href="/wiki/Pius_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IV">Pius IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)#Cardinal_priests" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal priest</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Count Carlo Borromeo di Arona</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1538-10-02</span>)</span>2 October 1538<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Castle of <a href="/wiki/Arona_(NO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arona (NO)">Arona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1584<span style="display:none">(1584-11-03)</span> (aged 46)<br /><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Duchy of Milan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">Milan Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gilbert Borromeo</li><li>Margaret d'Medici</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Sainthood</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feast day</th><td class="infobox-data">4 November</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data">Catholic Church</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title as Saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confessor" title="Confessor">Confessor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Beatified</th><td class="infobox-data">12 May 1602<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a><br />by <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Canonized</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1610<br />Rome, Papal States<br />by <a href="/wiki/Paul_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul V">Paul V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attributes</th><td class="infobox-data">cord, red cardinal robes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patronage</th><td class="infobox-data">against <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">ulcers</a>, apple <a href="/wiki/Orchards" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchards">orchards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops">bishops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catechists" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechists">catechists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catechumens" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechumens">catechumens</a>, colic, intestinal disorder, Lombardy, Italy, Monterey California, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a>, seminarians, spiritual directors, spiritual leaders, starch makers, stomach diseases, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Carlos" title="São Carlos">São Carlos</a> city in Brazil (namesake)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shrines</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">Milan Cathedral</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">San Carlo al Corso, Rome</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Borromeo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Carlo Borromeo</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Carolus Borromeus</i>; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was an <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Italian Catholic</a> prelate who served as <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Milan">Archbishop of Milan</a> from 1564 to 1584. He was made a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> in 1560. </p><p>Borromeo founded the <a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Christian_Doctrine" title="Confraternity of Christian Doctrine">Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</a> and was a leading figure of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a>. In that role, he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of <a href="/wiki/Seminaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminaries">seminaries</a> for the education of priests. He was canonized in 1610 and his <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> is 4 November. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borromeo was a descendant of nobility; the <a href="/wiki/Borromeo_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Borromeo family">Borromeo family</a> was one of the most ancient and wealthy in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, made famous by several notable men, both in the church and state. The family <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> included the <a href="/wiki/Borromean_rings" title="Borromean rings">Borromean rings</a>, which are sometimes taken to symbolize the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>. Borromeo's father Gilbert was Count of <a href="/wiki/Arona,_Piedmont" title="Arona, Piedmont">Arona</a>. His mother Margaret was a member of the Milan branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">House of Medici</a>. The second son in a family of six children, he was born in the castle of Arona on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a> 36 miles from <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> on 2 October 1538.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borromeo received the <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a> when he was about twelve years old. At this time his paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over to him the income from the rich <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> abbey of Sts. Gratinian and Felin, one of the ancient perquisites of the family. Borromeo made plain to his father that all revenues from the abbey beyond what was required to prepare him for a career in the church belonged to the poor and could not be applied to secular use. The young man attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">University of Pavia</a>, where he applied himself to the study of civil and canon law. Due to a slight speech impediment, he was regarded as slow but his thoroughness and industry meant that he made rapid progress. In 1554 his father died, and although he had an elder brother, Count Federico, he was requested by the family to take the management of their domestic affairs. After a time, he resumed his studies, and on 6 December 1559, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">doctorate in canon and civil law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome_period">Rome period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rome period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 December 1559 Borromeo's uncle Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Medici was elected as <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a>. The newly elected pope required his nephew to come to Rome, and on 13 January 1560 appointed him <a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">protonotary apostolic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miranda_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miranda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, on 31 January 1560, the pope created him <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a>, and thus Borromeo as <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-nephew" title="Cardinal-nephew">cardinal-nephew</a> was entrusted with both the public and the privy seal of the ecclesiastical state.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also brought into the government of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> and appointed a supervisor of the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights of Malta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his four years in Rome, Borromeo lived in austerity, obliged the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> to wear black, and established an academy of learned persons, the Academy of the Vatican Knights, publishing their memoirs as the <i>Noctes Vaticanae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borromeo organized the third and last session of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, in 1562–63.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a large share in the making of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Tridentine Catechism</a> (<i>Catechismus Romanus</i>). In 1561, Borromeo founded and endowed a college at <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>, today known as <a href="/wiki/Almo_Collegio_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Almo Collegio Borromeo">Almo Collegio Borromeo</a>, which he dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Justina_of_Padua" title="Justina of Padua">Justina of Padua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 November 1562, his older brother, Federico, suddenly died. His family urged Borromeo to seek permission to return to the lay state (<a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">laicization</a>), to marry and have children so that the family name would not become extinct, but he decided not to leave the ecclesiastic state.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazzani_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazzani-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother's death, along with his contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a> and the example of bishops such as <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_of_Braga" title="Bartholomew of Braga">Bartholomew of Braga</a>, were the causes of the conversion of Borromeo towards a more strict and operative Christian life, and his aim became to put into practice the dignity and duties of the bishop as drafted by the recent Council of Trent.<sup id="cite_ref-DBI_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archbishop_of_Milan">Archbishop of Milan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archbishop of Milan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borromeo was appointed an administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Archdiocese of Milan</a> on 7 February 1560. After his decision to put into practice the role of bishop, he decided to be ordained <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic Church)">priest</a> (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was consecrated <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Serbelloni" title="Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni">Giovanni Serbelloni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CH_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Borromeo was formally appointed <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Milan">archbishop of Milan</a> on 12 May 1564 after the former archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ippolito_II_d%27Este" title="Ippolito II d'Este">Ippolito II d'Este</a> waived his claims on that archbishopric, but he was only allowed by the pope to leave Rome one year later. Borromeo made his formal entry into Milan as archbishop on 23 September 1565.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazzani_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazzani-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_in_Milan">Reform in Milan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reform in Milan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG/220px-Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG/330px-Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG/440px-Intercession_of_Charles_Borromeo_supported_by_the_Virgin_Mary_-_Detail_Rottmayr_Fresco_-_Karlskirche_-_Vienna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3616" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption>Intercession of Charles Borromeo supported by the Virgin Mary by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Rottmayr" title="Johann Michael Rottmayr">Rottmayr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">Karlskirche</a>, Vienna)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of his uncle, Pius IV (1566), Borromeo sent a galley to fetch Cardinal Ugo Boncompagni, the Nuncio in Spain, but he did not arrive in time to be considered at the conclave. Borromeo then reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)">Alessandro Farnese</a>, who held a significant number of votes, to support <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Antonio Ghislieri</a>, who was rumored to have the support of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>. Ghislieri was elected and took the name Pius V.<sup id="cite_ref-Giussano_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giussano-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before Borromeo went to Milan, while he was overseeing reform in Rome, a nobleman remarked that the latter city was no longer a place to enjoy oneself or to make a fortune. "Carlo Borromeo has undertaken to remake the city from top to bottom," he said, predicting that the reformer's enthusiasm "would lead him to correct the rest of the world once he has finished with Rome."<sup id="cite_ref-swetnam_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swetnam-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, he devoted himself to the reformation of his diocese which had deteriorated in practice owing to the 80-year absence of previous archbishops.<sup id="cite_ref-action_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milan was the largest archdiocese in Italy at the time, with more than 3,000 clergy and 800,000 people. Both its clergy and laity had drifted from church teaching. The selling of indulgences and ecclesiastical positions was prevalent; monasteries were "full of disorder"; many religious were "lazy, ignorant, and debauched".<sup id="cite_ref-swetnam_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swetnam-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borromeo made numerous pastoral visits and restored dignity to divine service. He urged churches to be designed in conformity with the decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, which stated that sacred art and architecture lacking adequate scriptural foundation was in effect prohibited, as was any inclusion of classical pagan elements in religious art.<sup id="cite_ref-blunt_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blunt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He divided the nave of the church into two compartments to separate the sexes at worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He extended his reforms to the collegiate churches, monasteries and even to the <a href="/wiki/Confraternities_of_Penitents" class="mw-redirect" title="Confraternities of Penitents">Confraternities of Penitents</a>, particularly that of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">St. John the Baptist</a>. This group was to attend to prisoners and those condemned to death, to give them help and support. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg/220px-Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg/330px-Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg/440px-Jordaens_St_Charles_Cares_for_the_Plague_Victims_of_Milan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption>Charles Borromeo intercedes during the plague; painting by Jacob Jordaens (1655)</figcaption></figure> <p>Borromeo believed that abuses in the church arose from ignorant clergy. Among his most important actions, he established seminaries, colleges, and communities for the education of candidates for holy orders.<sup id="cite_ref-cna_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His emphasis on Catholic learning greatly increased the preparation of men for the priesthood and benefited their congregations. In addition, he founded the fraternity of <a href="/wiki/Oblates" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblates">Oblates</a> of St. Ambrose, a society of secular men who did not take orders, but devoted themselves to the church and followed a discipline of monastic prayers and study. They provided assistance to parishes when so directed.<sup id="cite_ref-action_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new archbishop's efforts for catechesis and the instruction of youth included the initiation of the first "Sunday School" classes and the work of the Confraternity for Christian Doctrine. </p><p>Borromeo's diocesan reforms faced opposition from several religious orders, particularly that of the <a href="/wiki/Humiliati" title="Humiliati">Humiliati</a> (Brothers of Humility), a penitential order which, although reduced to about 170 members, owned some ninety monasteries. Some members of that society formed a conspiracy against his life, and a shot was fired at him with an <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> in the archepiscopal chapel. His survival was considered miraculous.<sup id="cite_ref-cna_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1576 there was famine at Milan due to crop failures, and later an outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">plague</a>. The city's trade fell off, and along with it the people's source of income. The Governor and many members of the nobility fled the city, but the bishop remained, to organize the care of those affected and to minister to the dying. He called together the superiors of all the religious communities in the diocese and won their cooperation. Borromeo tried to feed 60,000 to 70,000 people daily. He used up his own funds and went into debt to provide food for the hungry. Finally, he wrote to the Governor and successfully persuaded him to return.<sup id="cite_ref-lives_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lives-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foley_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_English_affairs">Influence on English affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence on English affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borromeo had also been involved in English affairs when he assisted Pius IV. Many English Catholics had fled to Italy at this time because of the persecutions under <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth I</a>. He gave pastoral attention to English Catholics who fled to Italy to escape the new laws against the Catholic faith.<sup id="cite_ref-cna_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Campion" title="Edmund Campion">Edmund Campion</a>, a Jesuit, and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sherwin" title="Ralph Sherwin">Ralph Sherwin</a> visited him at Milan in 1580 on their way to England. They stayed with him for eight days, talking with him every night after dinner. A Welshman, Grudfydd Robert, served as his canon theologian and an Englishman, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Goldwell" title="Thomas Goldwell">Thomas Goldwell</a>, as vicar-general. The archbishop carried on his person a small picture of <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a>, who with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a> had been executed during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> and for whom he held a great veneration. During the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Universalis_Ecclesiae" title="Universalis Ecclesiae">Catholic restoration</a> in England, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wiseman" title="Nicholas Wiseman">Nicholas Wiseman</a> was to institute an order of Oblates of St Charles, led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Henry Edward Manning</a>, as a congregation of secular priests directly supporting the Archbishop of Westminster.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persecution_of_religious_dissidents">Persecution of religious dissidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Persecution of religious dissidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borromeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Borromeo.jpg/220px-Borromeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Borromeo.jpg/330px-Borromeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Borromeo.jpg/440px-Borromeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Caccianiga" title="Francesco Caccianiga">Francesco Caccianiga</a> showing an angel tending to Charles Borromeo</figcaption></figure> <p>Though the Diet of <a href="/wiki/Ilanz" title="Ilanz">Ilanz</a> of 1524 and 1526 had proclaimed freedom of worship in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a>, Borromeo repressed Protestantism in the Swiss valleys. The Catholic Encyclopedia relates: "In November [1583] he began a visitation as Apostolic visitor of all the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, leaving the affairs of his diocese in the hands of Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Owen_Lewis_(bishop)" title="Owen Lewis (bishop)">Owen Lewis</a>, his vicar-general. He began in the <a href="/wiki/Valle_Mesolcina" title="Valle Mesolcina">Valle Mesolcina</a>; here not only was there heresy to be fought, but also witchcraft and sorcery, and at <a href="/wiki/Roveredo" title="Roveredo">Roveredo</a> it was discovered that 'the provost or rector, was the foremost in sorceries'".<sup id="cite_ref-keogh_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keogh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his pastoral visit to the region, 150 people were arrested for practicing witchcraft. Eleven women and the provost were condemned by the civil authorities to be burned alive.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reacting to the pressure of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, Borromeo encouraged <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Pfyffer" title="Ludwig Pfyffer">Ludwig Pfyffer</a> in his development of the "Golden League" but did not live to see its formation in 1586. Based in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, the organization (also called the Borromean League) linked activities of several Swiss Catholic cantons of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, which became the centre of Catholic Counter-Reformation efforts and was determined to expel heretics. It created severe strains in the Swiss civil administration and caused the break-up of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell</a> canton along religious lines.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_and_last_days">Controversy and last days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversy and last days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_St._Charles_Borromeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5712" data-file-height="4284" /></a><figcaption> The Crypt of Saint Charles Borromeo in June 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>Charged with implementing the reforms dictated by the Council of Trent, Borromeo's uncompromising stance brought him into conflict with secular leaders, priests, and even the Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-swetnam_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swetnam-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He met with much opposition to his reforms. The governor of the province and many of the senators addressed complaints to the courts of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1584, during his annual retreat at Monte Varallo, he fell ill with "intermittent fever and ague", and on returning to Milan grew rapidly worse. After receiving the <a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last Rites</a>, he quietly died on 3 November at the age of 46.<sup id="cite_ref-lives_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lives-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his death, popular devotion to Borromeo arose quickly and continued to grow. The Milanese celebrated his anniversary as though he were already a saint, and supporters in a number of cities collected documentation to support his <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>. In 1602 <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> <a href="/wiki/Beatified" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a> Borromeo. In 1604 his case was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of Rites">Congregation of Rites</a>. On 1 November 1610, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a> canonized Borromeo. Three years later, the church added his feast to the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> for celebration on 4 November.<sup id="cite_ref-keogh_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keogh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Guarinus_of_Palestrina" title="Guarinus of Palestrina">Guarinus of Palestrina</a> and perhaps <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Lucca" title="Anselm of Lucca">Anselm of Lucca</a>, he is one of only two or three <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-nephew" title="Cardinal-nephew">cardinal-nephews</a> to have been canonized. </p><p>Charles Borromeo is the patron saint of bishops, catechists and seminarians.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iconography">Iconography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borromeo's emblem is the Latin word <i>humilitas</i> (humility), which is a portion of the Borromeo shield. He is usually represented in art in his robes, barefoot, carrying the cross as archbishop, a rope around his neck, one hand raised in blessing, thus recalling his work during the plague.<sup id="cite_ref-keogh_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keogh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borromeo' biography was originally written by three of his contemporaries: <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Valerio" class="mw-redirect" title="Agostino Valerio">Agostino Valerio</a> (afterwards cardinal and Bishop of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General of the <a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabites</a>, afterwards Bishop of Novara), who wrote their contributions in Latin, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Giussanno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Giussanno (page does not exist)">Pietro Giussanno</a> (a priest), who wrote his in Italian. Giussanno's account was the most detailed of the three.<sup id="cite_ref-butler_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butler-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG/220px-San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG/330px-San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG/440px-San_Carlo-Arona_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><i>Il <a href="/wiki/Sancarlone" title="Sancarlone">Sancarlone</a></i> (English: <span lang="en">The huge Saint Charles</span>): colossal statue of Carlo Borromeo erected in <a href="/wiki/Arona,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arona, Italy">Arona, Italy</a> in 1697. The work of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Crespi" title="Giovanni Battista Crespi">Giovanni Battista Crespi</a>, the statue is 23 m tall and stands on a plinth 12 m in height.</figcaption></figure> <p>Borromeo's correspondence shows his influential position in Europe during his lifetime. The popes under whom he served sought his advice. The Catholic sovereigns of Europe – <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> – and others showed how they valued his influence. Cardinal Valerio of Verona said of him that Borromeo was "to the well-born a pattern of virtue, to his brother cardinals an example of true nobility." <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Baronius" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Baronius">Cardinal Baronius</a> styled him "a second <a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a>, whose early death, lamented by all good men, inflicted great loss on the Church." </p><p>Late in the sixteenth or at the beginning of the seventeenth century, Catholics in England circulated among themselves a "Life of St. Charles".<sup id="cite_ref-Giussano_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giussano-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Contrary to Borromeo's last wishes, the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Milano" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Milano">Duomo di Milano</a> created a memorial crypt to honour him at the church.</li> <li>His relative <a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico Borromeo</a> and admirers commissioned a statue 20 m high that was erected on the hill above Arona, as they regarded him an important leader of the Counter-Reformation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writings">Writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Besides the <i>Noctes Vaticanae</i>, to which he appeared to have contributed, Borromeo's written legacy consisted only of some homilies, discourses and sermons, with a collection of letters. Borromeo's sermons have been translated into many languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large number of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Charles Borromeo Church (disambiguation)">churches dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo</a> exist, including: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">Karlskirche</a>, Vienna, Austria</li> <li>St Charles Borromeo Church, Sheffield</li> <li>St Charles Borromeo Church, <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo RC Church, Hampton Magna, England</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo RC Church, Aigburth, Liverpool, England</li> <li>Our Lady and St Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Wisbech, England</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Oratory, North Kelvinside, Glasgow, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church,_Antwerp" title="St. Charles Borromeo Church, Antwerp">St. Charles Borromeo Church, Antwerp</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane" title="San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane">San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane</a>, Rome, Italy</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church, Pancevo, Vojvodina, Serbia</li> <li>Church of St. Charles Borromeo (Warsaw, Poland)</li> <li>Chiesa San Carlo Borromeo, Biasca, Ticino, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Cemetery_Church" title="St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church">St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church</a>, Vienna</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Church, <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a>, Ireland</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Peru, Indiana</li> <li>Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Grand Coteau, Louisiana</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Charles-Borromée) Joliette Quebec Canada</li> <li>Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Read, Ontario, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_Borromeo_Catholic_Church,_North_Hollywood,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, North Hollywood, California">Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, North Hollywood, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_(Visalia)" title="St. Charles Borromeo (Visalia)">St Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Visalia, California</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_(Monterey,_California)" title="Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo (Monterey, California)">Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo" title="Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo">Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo</a>, California</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church and Academy (Pt. Loma, California)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church, Port Charlotte, Florida<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church in Hampshire, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church_(Destrehan,_Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Borromeo Church (Destrehan, Louisiana)">St. Charles Borromeo Church (Destrehan, Louisiana)</a></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Church, Brooklyn New York<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Charles Borromeo Church (New York City)">St. Charles Borromeo Church (New York City)</a>, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles%27s_Church_(Staten_Island,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles's Church (Staten Island, New York)">St. Charles's Church (Staten Island, New York)</a></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Nederland,_Texas" title="Nederland, Texas">Nederland, Texas</a>)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church in St. Charles, Missouri</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Oakes, North Dakota)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Kettering, Ohio)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo (Lima, Ohio)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Church (Parma, Ohio)</li> <li>The neighborhood of Pointe-Saint-Charles</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo (South Charleston, Ohio)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Pikesville, Maryland</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Pittsfield, MA)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Woburn, Massachusetts)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Picayune,_Mississippi" title="Picayune, Mississippi">Picayune, Mississippi</a>)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Gretna, Nebraska)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Skillman, New Jersey)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Greece, New York</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Syracuse, New York)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Ahoskie, North Carolina)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Morganton, North Carolina)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania)</li> <li>St Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church (<a href="/wiki/Fermeuse" title="Fermeuse">Fermeuse</a>, Newfoundland and Labrador)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church, est. 1846, Woonsocket, Rhode Island</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (<a href="/wiki/Milan,_Indiana" title="Milan, Indiana">Milan, Indiana</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Ripley_County,_Indiana" title="Ripley County, Indiana">Ripley County</a></li> <li>St. Charles Church (Arlington, Virginia)</li> <li>St. Charles Parish, Spokane, Washington<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Oklahoma City, OK)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Du Bois, Illinois)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg/220px-St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg/330px-St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg/440px-St_Charles_Borrom%C3%A9e_161007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of Charles Borromeo in a <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> window</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Meredith, NH)</li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Kingsland, TX)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church (Philadelphia, Pa)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_America">South America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_de_Bariloche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of San Carlos de Bariloche">Cathedral of San Carlos de Bariloche</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Cathedral,_S%C3%A3o_Carlos" title="St. Charles Borromeo Cathedral, São Carlos">St. Charles Borromeo Cathedral, São Carlos</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_San_Carlos_Borromeo_(Puno)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Basilica of San Carlos Borromeo (Puno)">Cathedral Basilica of San Carlos Borromeo (Puno)</a>, Peru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Borromeo,_San_Carlos" title="San Carlos Borromeo, San Carlos">San Carlos Borromeo, San Carlos</a>, Uruguay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Carlos_(Cojedes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of San Carlos (Cojedes)">Cathedral of San Carlos (Cojedes)</a>, Venezuela</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seminaries">Seminaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seminaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Borromeo_Seminary" title="St Charles Borromeo Seminary">St Charles Borromeo Seminary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Ko%C5%A1ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Košice">Archdiocese of Košice</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Seminary" title="St. Charles Borromeo Seminary">St. Charles Borromeo Seminary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Philadelphia">Archdiocese of Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, United States<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Seminary" title="San Carlos Seminary">San Carlos Seminary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Manila">Archdiocese of Manila</a> in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_San_Carlos" title="Colegio San Carlos">Colegio San Carlos</a>, a recognized primary and secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia, and home for a Benedictine community of priests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_Borromeo_Major_Seminary_of_Nyakibanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda">Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda</a> in Rwanda</li> <li>St Charles' Seminary in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Australia</li> <li>Borromeo Seminary in <a href="/wiki/Wickliffe,_Ohio" title="Wickliffe, Ohio">Wickliffe, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Seminary" title="St. Charles Seminary">St. Charles Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carthagena,_Ohio" title="Carthagena, Ohio">Carthagena, Ohio</a>, now a retirement home</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_closed_Catholic_seminaries_in_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of closed Catholic seminaries in the United States">St. Charles Seminary (Staten Island, New York)</a>, closed and slated for private homes</li> <li>St. Charles Seminary (SVD), Goden Rock, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India</li> <li>St Charles Borromeo Minor Seminary Senior High School, Tamale, Ghana</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>His nephew, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico Borromeo</a> (1564–1631), was archbishop of Milan from 1595 and founded the <a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrosian Library">Ambrosian Library</a> in that city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He donated his collection of art and literature to the library. He appeared as a character in <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Betrothed_(Manzoni_novel)" title="The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)">The Betrothed</a></i> (<i>I promessi sposi</i>).</li> <li>Sint. Carolus hospital, first Catholic hospital in Indonesia founded by Perkumpulan Perhimpunan St. Carolus Vereeniging (PPSC). It is managed by Kongregasi Suster-Suster Cinta Kasih St. Carolus Borromeus (<a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Mercy_of_St._Borromeo" title="Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo">Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo </a>) since its foundation in 1913.</li> <li>Borromeo was crucial in furthering the career of composer <a href="/wiki/Orfeo_Vecchi" title="Orfeo Vecchi">Orfeo Vecchi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Borromeo is one of four people mentioned at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>, as responsible for the Council of Trent, which gave way to the modern-day catechism. The others are <a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turibius_of_Mongrovejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Turibius of Mongrovejo">Turibius of Mongrovejo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_Preparatory_School" title="Saint Charles Preparatory School">Saint Charles Preparatory School</a>, a former college seminary now a four-year Catholic college preparatory school in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_University" title="Lewis University">Lewis University</a>, a Catholic and Lasallian University, St. Charles Borromeo North Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Illinois" title="St. Charles, Illinois">St. Charles, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Minnesota" title="St. Charles, Minnesota">St. Charles, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Carlos" title="São Carlos">São Carlos</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles-Borrom%C3%A9e,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec">Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec</a>, Canada</li> <li>St. Charles Academy in <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos City, Pangasinan</a>, Philippines</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_de_Borromeo_Fortress" title="San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress">San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress</a> on Margarita Island, state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, completed in 1684, intended to help protect settlements in the Bay of Pampatar area against the constant threat of piracy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos" title="University of San Carlos">University of San Carlos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_San_Carlos_de_Guatemala" title="Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala">Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, originally named "Royal and Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a> has composed a dramatic motet, <i>Pestis Mediolanensis</i> H.398 & H.398 a, for soloists, double chorus, two flutes, double string orchestra, and continuo (1670?)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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Charles">Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Charles-Borromeo">Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "St. Charles Borromeo". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911274_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miranda-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miranda_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiranda" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Miranda_(historian)" title="Salvador Miranda (historian)">Miranda, Salvador</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1560.htm#Borromeo">"BORROMEO, Carlo (1538-1584)"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53276621">53276621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.atitle=BORROMEO%2C+Carlo+%281538-1584%29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53276621&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcardinals.fiu.edu%2Fbios1560.htm%23Borromeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foley-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foley_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foley_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foley_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-charles-borromeo/">"Saint Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>Franciscan Media</i>. 2015-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franciscan+Media&rft.atitle=Saint+Charles+Borromeo&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscanmedia.org%2Fsaint-charles-borromeo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBI-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBI_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBI_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Certau1977" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Certau, Michel (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-carlo-borromeo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/">"Carlo Borromeo, santo"</a>. <i>Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</i> (in Italian). Vol. 20. Treccani.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carlo+Borromeo%2C+santo&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft.pub=Treccani&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=De+Certau&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fsanto-carlo-borromeo_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cazzani-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cazzani_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cazzani_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCazzani1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cazzani, Eugenio (1996). <i>Vescovi e arcivescovi di Milano</i> (in Italian). Milano: Massimo. pp. 226–230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7030-891-X" title="Special:BookSources/88-7030-891-X"><bdi>88-7030-891-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vescovi+e+arcivescovi+di+Milano&rft.place=Milano&rft.pages=226-230&rft.pub=Massimo&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=88-7030-891-X&rft.aulast=Cazzani&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CH-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CH_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bborrc.html">"St. Charles Cardinal Borromeo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org" title="Catholic-Hierarchy.org">Catholic-Hierarchy.org</a></i>. David M. Cheney<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 Jan</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic-Hierarchy.org&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Cardinal+Borromeo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fbishop%2Fbborrc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giussano-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giussano_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giussano_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giussano, G.P., <i>Vita di S. Carlo Borromeo</i> (1610, England, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">HE Manning</a>, ed., reprinted, London: 1884)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swetnam-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swetnam_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swetnam_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swetnam_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/My-Best-Teachers-Were-Saints/dp/082942329X">Swetnam, Susan H., <i>My Best Teachers Were Saints</i>, Loyola Press</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2329-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2329-7">978-0-8294-2329-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-action-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-action_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=212">"Saint Charles Borromeo"</a>, <i>Catholic Online</i>, accessed 14 Dec 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blunt-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blunt_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blunt, Anthony, Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1660, chapter VIII, especially pp. 107–128, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-881050-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-881050-4">0-19-881050-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cna-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cna_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cna_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cna_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-charles-borromeo-645">"St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fsaint%2Fst-charles-borromeo-645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lives-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lives_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lives_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105063930/http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHARLES.htm">"St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>www.ewtn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CHARLES.htm">the original</a> on 2013-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ewtn.com&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FCHARLES.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lytton Strachey, 1918, <i>Eminent Victorians</i>, Folio Society edition 1979 p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keogh-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keogh_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keogh_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keogh_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03619a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03619a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennyPius_X1911" class="citation book cs1">Kenny, Louise M. Stacpoole (Louise Mary Stacpoole); Pius X, Pope (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lsaintcharlesborr00kennuoft"><i>Saint Charles Borromeo : a sketch of the reforming cardinal</i></a>. Kelly - University of Toronto. London : Washbourne. pp. 214–215.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Charles+Borromeo+%3A+a+sketch+of+the+reforming+cardinal&rft.pages=214-215&rft.pub=London+%3A+Washbourne&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Louise+M.+Stacpoole+%28Louise+Mary+Stacpoole%29&rft.au=Pius+X%2C+Pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flsaintcharlesborr00kennuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soul-candy.info/2012/11/nov-4-st-charles-borromeo-1538-1584-cardinal-archbishop-of-milan-patron-of-catechists-great-catholic-reformer/">"Nov 4 – St Charles Borromeo, (1538-1584), Cardinal Archbishop of Milan, Patron of Catechists, Great Catholic Reformer"</a>. <i>ADULT CATECHESIS & CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS LITERACY IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC TRADITION</i>. 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ADULT+CATECHESIS+%26+CHRISTIAN+RELIGIOUS+LITERACY+IN+THE+ROMAN+CATHOLIC+TRADITION&rft.atitle=Nov+4+%E2%80%93+St+Charles+Borromeo%2C+%281538-1584%29%2C+Cardinal+Archbishop+of+Milan%2C+Patron+of+Catechists%2C+Great+Catholic+Reformer&rft.date=2012-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoul-candy.info%2F2012%2F11%2Fnov-4-st-charles-borromeo-1538-1584-cardinal-archbishop-of-milan-patron-of-catechists-great-catholic-reformer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/essays-theology/remembering-st-charles-borromeo">"Remembering St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 2011-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Remembering+St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fblogs%2Fessays-theology%2Fremembering-st-charles-borromeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-butler-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-butler_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603112912/http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/BORROMEO.HTM">"St Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>www.ewtn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/BORROMEO.HTM">the original</a> on 2013-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ewtn.com&rft.atitle=St+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FBORROMEO.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcharlesvisalia.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>stcharlesvisalia.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stcharlesvisalia.org&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcharlesvisalia.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintcharlespl.com/">"Home"</a>. <i>www.saintcharlespl.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saintcharlespl.com&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintcharlespl.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcharlespc.org/">"St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church"</a>. <i>St. Charles Borromeo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Catholic+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcharlespc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcharlesbklyn.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>stcharlesbklyn.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stcharlesbklyn.org&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcharlesbklyn.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcharlesnederland.org/">"St. Charles New Website 2021"</a>. <i>www.stcharlesnederland.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stcharlesnederland.org&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+New+Website+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcharlesnederland.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stchb.org/">"St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church"</a>. <i>St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Catholic+Church&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Catholic+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstchb.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourstcharles.org/">"St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>St. Charles Borromeo Parish</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Parish&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourstcharles.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scborromeo2.org/">"St. Charles Borromeo"</a>. <i>scborromeo2.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scborromeo2.org&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscborromeo2.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stcharlesgreece.org/">"St. Charles Borromeo Church|"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Church%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcharlesgreece.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stcharlesspokane.org/">"St. Charles Parish"</a>. <i>St. Charles Parish</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Charles+Parish&rft.atitle=St.+Charles+Parish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstcharlesspokane.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stcharleskingslandtx.org">"St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church - Kingsland, TX"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Charles+Borromeo+Catholic+Church+-+Kingsland%2C+TX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstcharleskingslandtx.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scs.edu/">Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary, Archdiocese of Philadelphia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGetz2005" class="citation book cs1">Getz, Christine Suzanne (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lye3t0HPcc0C&q=%22Orfeo+Vecchi%22&pg=PA77"><i>Music in the Collective Experience in Sixteenth-century Milan</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754651215" title="Special:BookSources/9780754651215"><bdi>9780754651215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+the+Collective+Experience+in+Sixteenth-century+Milan&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780754651215&rft.aulast=Getz&rft.aufirst=Christine+Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlye3t0HPcc0C%26q%3D%2522Orfeo%2BVecchi%2522%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu.ph/">University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines Official Site</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_2">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_Borromeo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Borromeo,_Carlo" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Borromeo, Carlo">Borromeo, Carlo</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 274–275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Borromeo%2C+Carlo&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=274-275&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Borromeo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A Sala, <i>Documenti circa la vita e la gesta di Borromeo</i> (4 vols., Milan: 1857–1859)</li> <li>Chanoine Silvain, <i>Histoire de St Charles Borromeo</i> (Milan: 1884)</li> <li>A Cantono, "Un grande riformatore del secolo XVI" (Florence: 1904); "Borromus" in Herzog-Hauck, <i>Realencyklopädie</i> (Leipzig: 1897).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verbanensia.org/biografie_details.asp?bID=536&action=B&tipo=1">Pietro Canetta, "Biography of Carlo Borromeo" (in Italian)</a>, <i>Magazzeno Storico Verbanese</i></li> <li>Fabiola Giancotti, <i>Per ragioni di salute. San Carlo Borromeo nel quarto centenario della canonizzazione 1610-2010</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788877708922" title="Special:BookSources/9788877708922">9788877708922</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilclubdimilano.org/catalogoSCB.html">Il Club di Milano</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165020/http://www.spirali.com/libro/9788877708922/per-ragioni-di-salute-san-carlo-borromeo-nel-quarto-centenario-della-canonizzazione-1610-2010/">Spirali</a> 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Charles%20Borromeo-125/StCharlesBorromeo.htm">Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square</a></li> <li>Saint Charles Borromeo, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itunes.apple.com/it/book/aphorisms-1561-1584/id577430520?=11">Aphorisms 1561-1584</a></i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788897618133" title="Special:BookSources/9788897618133">9788897618133</a>, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilclubdimilano.org/catalogoSCB.html">Il Club di Milano</a>, 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118661957">Literature by and about Charles Borromeo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130218115001/http://ambrosiana.comperio.it/en/epistolario-di-san-carlo/">Epistolario di San Carlo</a>: Digital edition of the manuscript and letters of Carlo Borromeo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karlskirche.tibs.at/">Website of St Charles Church,Volders in Tirol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recenseo.de/index.php?id=98&kategorie=artikel&nav=Inhalt">Birgit Heß-Kickert: Architekturtheorie der italienischen Renaissance. Die Instructiones fabricae et supellectilis ecclesiasticae des Carlo Borromeo. Saarbrücken, 1999</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Bishops and Archbishops of Milan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Ancient age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>St <a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a> (50–55)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Anathalon" title="Anathalon">Anathalon</a> (53–63)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Caius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Caius (bishop of Milan)">Caius</a> (63–85)</li> <li><i>sede vacante</i></li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Castritian" title="Castritian">Castricianus</a> (97–138)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Calimerius" title="Calimerius">Calimerius</a> (138–191)</li> <li><i>sede vacante</i></li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Monas_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Monas (bishop of Milan)">Monas</a> (283–313?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Mirocles_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Mirocles (bishop of Milan)">Mirocles</a> (313–316?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Maternus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Maternus (bishop of Milan)">Maternus</a> (316–328?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Protasius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Protasius (bishop of Milan)">Protasius</a> (328–343?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Eustorgius_I" title="Eustorgius I">Eustorgius I</a> (343–349?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Dionysius (bishop of Milan)">Dionysius</a> (349–355)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxentius_of_Milan" title="Auxentius of Milan">Auxentius</a>$ (355–374)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a> (374–397)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Simplician" title="Simplician">Simplician</a> (397–400)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Venerius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Venerius (bishop of Milan)">Venerius</a> (400–408)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Marolus" title="Marolus">Marolus</a> (408–423)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Martinianus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Martinianus (bishop of Milan)">Martinianus</a> (423–435)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Glycerius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Glycerius (bishop of Milan)">Glycerius</a> (436–438)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Lazarus (bishop of Milan)">Lazarus</a> (438–449)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Eusebius (bishop of Milan)">Eusebius</a> (449–462)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Gerontius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Gerontius (bishop of Milan)">Gerontius</a> (462–465)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Benignus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Benignus (bishop of Milan)">Benignus</a> (465–472)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Senator_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Senator (bishop of Milan)">Senator</a> (472–475)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_I_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Theodorus I (bishop of Milan)">Theodorus I</a> (475–490)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_I_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Lawrence I (bishop of Milan)">Lawrence I</a> (490–512)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Eustorgius_II" title="Eustorgius II">Eustorgius II</a> (512–518)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Magnus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Magnus (bishop of Milan)">Magnus</a> (518–530?)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Dacius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Dacius (bishop of Milan)">Dacius</a> (530–552)</li> <li>Vitale (552–556)</li> <li>St Ausanus (556–559?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Genoa period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>St Honoratus (560–571?)</li> <li>Frontone (571–573?)</li> <li>Lawrence II (573–592)</li> <li>Constantius (593–600)</li> <li>Deodatus (601–628)</li> <li>Asterius (629–639)</li> <li>Forte (639–641)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>St <a href="/wiki/John_the_Good_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="John the Good (bishop of Milan)">John the Good</a> (641–669)</li> <li>St Antonino (669–671)</li> <li>St Maurilio (671)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Ampelius_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Ampelius (bishop of Milan)">Ampelius</a> (671–676)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Mansuetus_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Mansuetus (bishop of Milan)">Mansuetus</a> (676–685)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Benedict_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Benedict (bishop of Milan)">Benedict</a> (685–732)</li> <li>Theodorus II (732–746)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Natalis_(bishop_of_Milan)" title="Natalis (bishop of Milan)">Natalis</a> (746–747)</li> <li>Arifred (747–748)</li> <li>Stabile (748–750)</li> <li>Leto (751–755)</li> <li>Thomas (755–783)</li> <li>Peter (784–803)</li> <li>Odelpert (803–813)</li> <li>St Anselm I (813–818)</li> <li>St Buono (818–822)</li> <li>Angilbert I (822–823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angilbert_II" title="Angilbert II">Angilbert II Pusterla</a> (824–859)</li> <li>Tadone (860–868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anspert" title="Anspert">Anspert</a> (868–881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_II_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Anselm II (archbishop of Milan)">Anselmo II Capra</a> (882–896)</li> <li>Landulf I (896–899)</li> <li>Andrea of Canciano (899–906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aicone" title="Aicone">Aicone</a> (906–918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gariberto_of_Besana" title="Gariberto of Besana">Gariberto of Besana</a> (918–921)</li> <li>Lambert (921–931)</li> <li>Elduin (931–936)</li> <li>Arderico (936–948)</li> <li>Adelman (948–953)</li> <li>Walpert (953–970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_I_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Arnulf I (archbishop of Milan)">Arnulf I</a> (970–974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotofredo_I_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Gotofredo I (archbishop of Milan)">Gotofredo I</a> (974–979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landulf_of_Carcano" title="Landulf of Carcano">Landulf II of Carcano</a> (980–998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_II_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Arnulf II (archbishop of Milan)">Arnolfo II da Arsago</a> (998–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribert_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Aribert (archbishop of Milan)">Ariberto da Intimiano</a> (1018–1045)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Velate" title="Guido da Velate">Guido da Velate</a> (1045–1069)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atto_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Atto (archbishop of Milan)">Attone</a> (1070–1075)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotofredo_da_Castiglione" title="Gotofredo da Castiglione">Gotofredo II da Castiglione</a> (1070–1075, antibishop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedald_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Tedald (archbishop of Milan)">Tebald da Castiglione</a> (1075–1080)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_III_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Anselm III (archbishop of Milan)">Anselmo III da Rho</a> (1086–1093)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_III_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Arnulf III (archbishop of Milan)">Arnolfo III</a> (1093–1097)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_IV_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Anselm IV (archbishop of Milan)">Anselmo IV da Bovisio</a> (1097–1101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosolanus" title="Grosolanus">Grosolanus</a> (1102–1112)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Jordan (archbishop of Milan)">Giordano da Clivio</a> (1112–1120)</li> <li>Ulrich da Corte (1120–1126)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselmo_della_Pusterla" title="Anselmo della Pusterla">Anselmo della Pusterla</a> (1126–1135)</li> <li>Robaldo (1135–1145)</li> <li>Umberto I da Pirovano (1146–1166)</li> <li>St <a href="/wiki/Galdino_della_Sala" class="mw-redirect" title="Galdino della Sala">Galdino della Sala</a> (1166–1176)</li> <li>Algisio da Pirovano (1176–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_III" title="Pope Urban III">Umberto II Crivelli</a> (1185–1187, elected Pope Urban III)</li> <li>Milone da Cardano (1187–1195)</li> <li>Umberto III da Terzago (1195–1196)</li> <li>Filippo I da Lampugnano (1196–1206)</li> <li>Umberto IV da Pirovano (1206–1211)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_da_Sesso" title="Gerardo da Sesso">Gerardo da Sesso</a> (1211, elect)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_da_Settala" title="Enrico da Settala">Enrico I da Settala</a> (1213–1230)</li> <li>Guglielmo I da Rizolio (1230–1241)</li> <li>Leon da Perego (1241–1257)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottone_Visconti" title="Ottone Visconti">Ottone Visconti</a> (1262–1295)</li> <li>Ruffino da Frisseto (1295–1296)</li> <li>Francesco I da Parma (1296–1308)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassone_della_Torre" title="Cassone della Torre">Cassone della Torre</a> (1308–1317)</li> <li>Aicardo da Intimiano (1317–1339)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Visconti_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Giovanni Visconti (archbishop of Milan)">Giovanni II Visconti</a> (1342–1354)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Visconti" title="Roberto Visconti">Roberto Visconti</a> (1354–1361)</li> <li>Guglielmo II della Pusterla (1361–1370)</li> <li>Simon da Borsano (1370–1380)</li> <li>Antonio de' Saluzzi (1380–1401)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Alexander_V" title="Antipope Alexander V">Pietro II di Candia</a> (1402–1410)</li> <li>Francesco II Crippa (1409–1414)</li> <li>Bartolommeo Capra (1414–1433)</li> <li>Francesco III Piccolpasso (1433–1443)</li> <li>Enrico II Rampini (1443–1450)</li> <li>Giovanni III Visconti (1450–1453)</li> <li>Nicolò Amidano (1453–1454)</li> <li>Timoteo Maffei (1454)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Sforza" title="Gabriele Sforza">Gabriele Sforza</a> (1454–1457)</li> <li>Carlo I da Forlì (1457–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Nardini" title="Stefano Nardini">Stefano Nardini</a> (1461–1484)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Arcimboldi" title="Giovanni Arcimboldi">Giovanni Arcimboldi</a> (1484–1488)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Antonio_Arcimboldi" title="Guido Antonio Arcimboldi">Guido Antonio Arcimboldi</a> (1488–1497)</li> <li>Ottaviano Arcimboldi (1497)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_d%27Este" title="Ippolito d'Este">Ippolito d'Este</a> (1497–1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_II_d%27Este" title="Ippolito II d'Este">Ippolito II d'Este</a> (1520–1550)</li> <li>Giovan Angelo Arcimboldi (1550–1555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Archinto" title="Filippo Archinto">Filippo II Archinto</a> (1556–1558)</li> <li><i>sede vacante</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Modern age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>St. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carlo Borromeo</a> (1564–1584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Visconti" title="Gaspare Visconti">Gaspare Visconti</a> (1584–1595)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico I Borromeo</a> (1595–1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Monti" title="Cesare Monti">Cesare Monti</a> (1632–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Litta" title="Alfonso Litta">Alfonso Litta</a> (1652–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Visconti" title="Federico Visconti">Federico II Visconti</a> (1681–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Caccia" title="Federico Caccia">Federico III Caccia</a> (1693–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Archinto" title="Giuseppe Archinto">Giuseppe Archinto</a> (1699–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Erba_Odescalchi" title="Benedetto Erba Odescalchi">Benedetto II Erba Odescalchi</a> (1712–1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gaetano_Stampa" title="Carlo Gaetano Stampa">Carlo Gaetano Stampa</a> (1737–1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pozzobonelli" title="Giuseppe Pozzobonelli">Giuseppe II Pozzobonelli</a> (1743–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti_(bishop)" title="Filippo Maria Visconti (bishop)">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> (1784–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Caprara" title="Giovanni Battista Caprara">Giovanni Battista Caprara</a> (1802–1810)</li> <li><i>sede vacante</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gaetano_Gaisruck" title="Carlo Gaetano Gaisruck">Carlo Gaetano Gaisruck</a> (1818–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Carlo_Romilli" title="Bartolomeo Carlo Romilli">Bartolomeo Carlo Romilli</a> (1847–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Angelo_Ballerini" title="Paolo Angelo Ballerini">Paolo Angelo Ballerini</a> (1859–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nazari_di_Calabiana" title="Luigi Nazari di Calabiana">Luigi Nazari di Calabiana</a> (1867–1893)</li> <li>Bl. <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Carlo_Ferrari" title="Andrea Carlo Ferrari">Andrea Ferrari</a> (1894–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti</a> (1921–1922, elected Pope Pius XI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Tosi" title="Eugenio Tosi">Eugenio Tosi</a> (1922–1929)</li> <li>Bl. <a href="/wiki/Ildefonso_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Ildefonso Schuster">Ildefonso Schuster</a> (1929–1954)</li> <li>St. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Giovanni Battista Montini</a> (1954–1963, elected Pope Paul VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Colombo" title="Giovanni Colombo">Giovanni Colombo</a> (1963–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a>, SJ (1979–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionigi_Tettamanzi" title="Dionigi Tettamanzi">Dionigi Tettamanzi</a> (2002–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Scola" title="Angelo Scola">Angelo Scola</a> (2011–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Delpini" title="Mario Delpini">Mario Delpini</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div>$=considered an intruder by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_Borromeo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_Borromeo" title="Template:Charles Borromeo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_Borromeo" title="Template talk:Charles Borromeo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_Borromeo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles Borromeo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_Borromeo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Borromeo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles-Borrom%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Charles-Borromée">Saint-Charles-Borromée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Carlos" title="São Carlos">São Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Minnesota" title="St. Charles, Minnesota">St. Charles, Minnesota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_de_Borromeo_Fortress" title="San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress">San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo" title="Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo">Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos" title="University of San Carlos">University of San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_San_Carlos_de_Guatemala" title="Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala">Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_Borromeo-class_ship_of_the_line" title="San Carlo Borromeo-class ship of the line">San Carlo Borromeo-class ship of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Charles_Preparatory_School" title="Saint Charles Preparatory School">Saint Charles Preparatory School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church_(Destrehan,_Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Borromeo Church (Destrehan, Louisiana)">St. Charles Borromeo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">Karlskirche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles%27s_Church_(Staten_Island)" title="St. Charles's Church (Staten Island)">St. Charles's Church (Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_Borromeo,_Ferrara" title="San Carlo Borromeo, Ferrara">San Carlo Borromeo, Ferrara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Seminaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Seminary" title="St. Charles Borromeo Seminary">St. Charles Borromeo Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Borromeo_Seminary" title="St Charles Borromeo Seminary">St Charles Borromeo Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Seminary" title="San Carlos Seminary">San Carlos Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_San_Carlos" title="Colegio San Carlos">Colegio San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyakibanda_Major_Seminary" title="Nyakibanda Major Seminary">Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Seminary" title="St. Charles Seminary">St. Charles Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Seminary_(Staten_Island,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Seminary (Staten Island, New York)">St. Charles Seminary (Staten Island, New York)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Path_of_Saint_Charles" title="Path of Saint Charles">Path of Saint Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Saints_Ambrose_and_Charles" title="Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles">Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancarlone" title="Sancarlone">Sancarlone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216946#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216946#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216946#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121381226">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69005084">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/10894/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmkVMCQHdVtkcwR9tR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118661957">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50032432">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12355795n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12355795n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Borromeo, Carlo <santo>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV018351">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35878057">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700205&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX878122">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/234500">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070334757">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000054497&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000129707">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=132767">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000043436">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs69jd6d4c77f94">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810596483705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/20332">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259761705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523170506706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14557734">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500289266">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/437662">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1127642">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="CARLO Borromeo, santo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-carlo-borromeo_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118661957.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118661957">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032548737">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/010211">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60v94fb">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41009304">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&oldid=1257242438">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Borromeo&oldid=1257242438</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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