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neuromodulation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dopamine neuromodulation"> <meta name="keywords" content="dopamine neuromodulation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dopamine neuromodulation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 75</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dopamine neuromodulation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Pre-Administration of Thunbergia Laurifolia Linn. Prevent the Increase of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens in Ethanol Addicted Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watchareewan%20Thongsaard">Watchareewan Thongsaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratirat%20Sangpayap"> Ratirat Sangpayap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneekarn%20Namsa-Aid"> Maneekarn Namsa-Aid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. (TL) is a herbal medicine which has been used as an antidote for several poisonous agents including insecticides and as a component of a mixture of crude extracts to treat drug addicted patients. The aim of this study is to examine the level of dopamine in nucleus accumbens after chronic pre-administration of TL in ethanol addicted rats. Male Wistar rats weigh 200-250 g received TL methanol extract (200mg/kg, orally) 60 minutes before 20% ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) for 30 days. The nucleus accumbens was removed and tested for dopamine by HPLC-ECD. The level of dopamine was significantly increased by chronic ethanol administration, whereas the chronic TL extract administration did not cause a difference in dopamine level when compared to control. Moreover, the pre-treatment of TL extract before ethanol significantly reduced the dopamine level in nucleus accumbens to normal level when compared with chronic ethanol administration alone. These results suggested that the increase in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens by chronic ethanol administration is the cause of ethanol addiction, and this effect is prevented by chronic TL pre-administration. Furthermore, chronic TL extract administration alone did not cause the changes in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens, indicating that TL itself did not cause addiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thunbergia%20laurifolia%20Linn." title="Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.">Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20addiction" title=" alcohol addiction"> alcohol addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens" title=" nucleus accumbens"> nucleus accumbens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812/pre-administration-of-thunbergia-laurifolia-linn-prevent-the-increase-of-dopamine-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-in-ethanol-addicted-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Distribution of Putative Dopaminergic Neurons and Identification of D2 Receptors in the Brain of Fish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Dhindhwal">Shweta Dhindhwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dopamine is an essential neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of all vertebrates and plays an important role in many processes such as motor function, learning and behavior, and sensory activity. One of the important functions of dopamine is release of pituitary hormones. It is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine. Two types of dopamine receptors, D1-like and D2-like, have been reported in fish. The dopamine containing neurons are located in the olfactory bulbs, the ventral regions of the pre-optic area and tuberal hypothalamus. Distribution of the dopaminergic system has not been studied in the murrel, Channa punctatus. The present study deals with identification of D2 receptors in the brain of murrel. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed using partial sequence of D2 receptor. Distribution of putative dopaminergic neurons in the brain has been investigated. Also, formalin induced hypertrophy of neurosecretory cells in murrel has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-optic%20area" title=" pre-optic area"> pre-optic area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=murrel" title=" murrel"> murrel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32002/distribution-of-putative-dopaminergic-neurons-and-identification-of-d2-receptors-in-the-brain-of-fish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Dopamine and Serotonin Levels in Blood Samples of Jordanian Children Who Stutter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazin%20Alqhazo">Mazin Alqhazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayat%20Bani%20Rashaid"> Ayat Bani Rashaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the levels of dopamine and serotonin in blood samples of children who stutter compared with normal fluent speakers. Blood specimens from 50 children who stutter (6 females, 44 males) and 50 normal children matched age and gender were collected for the purpose of the current study. The concentrations of dopamine and serotonin were measured using the 1100 series high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector instrument (HPLC-UV). It was revealed that dopamine level in the blood samples of stuttering group and fluent group was not significant (P = 0.769), whereas the level of serotonin was significantly higher in the blood samples of stuttering group than the blood samples of fluent normal group (P = 0.015). It is concluded that serotonin blockers could be used in future studies to evaluate its role as a medication for the treatment of stuttering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotonin" title=" serotonin"> serotonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stuttering" title=" stuttering"> stuttering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluent%20speakers" title=" fluent speakers"> fluent speakers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112649/dopamine-and-serotonin-levels-in-blood-samples-of-jordanian-children-who-stutter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Dopamine and Female Sexual Function: A Clinical and Biochemical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20Gaber%20Antar%20Farag">Azza Gaber Antar Farag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Abd%20El%20Fatah%20Badr"> Eman Abd El Fatah Badr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Ahmed%20Tawfik%20Hasssan%20Abdel%20Aal"> Wesam Ahmed Tawfik Hasssan Abdel Aal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Elsayed%20Elshaib"> Mustafa Elsayed Elshaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) represents recurrent and persistent problems that distress women and/or strain their relationships with their partners. Dopamine can affect sexual function and interacts with ovarian hormones in the ventromedial area in the hypothalamus. Objective: To investigate the possible role of dopamine in FSD. Method: This prospective case-control study was carried on 100 women having FSD and 100 healthy volunteer females. They were recruited from the Al-Menoufia governorate. All included women were subjected to the questionnaire to assess their demographic and gynecological data as well as sexual function. They were investigated for serum levels of dopamine, estradiol, progesterone and DHEA hormones. Results: Dopamine serum levels were significantly lower in females having sexual dysfunction (6.68±4.14) than controls (57.97±26.26) (P>0.001). This decreased dopamine level was of a significant positive correlation with the arousal domain and significant negative correlation regarding the pain domain (r=-0.19, p=0.01). Also, estradiol serum levels were significantly lower (P>0.001), but progesterone and DHEA serum levels were significantly higher in the FSD group than controls (P>0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between dopamine and DHEA serum levels (r= -0.45, p <0.001). Conclusions: Decreased dopamine serum levels may have an active role in the pathophysiology of FSD, impacting mainly arousal and pain domains, and its targeting should be considered during FSD management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estradiol" title=" estradiol"> estradiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progesterone" title=" progesterone"> progesterone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHEA" title=" DHEA"> DHEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females%20sexual%20dysfunction" title=" females sexual dysfunction"> females sexual dysfunction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143363/dopamine-and-female-sexual-function-a-clinical-and-biochemical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Transcranial and Sacral Magnetic Stimulation as a Therapeutic Resource for Urinary Incontinence – A Brief Bibliographic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Lucia%20Molina">Ana Lucia Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for the investigation and modulation of cortical excitability in humans. The modulation of the processing of different cortical areas can result in several areas for rehabilitation, showing great potential in the treatment of motor disorders. In the human brain, the supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in the control of the pelvic floor muscles (MAP), where dysfunctions of these muscles can lead to urinary incontinence. Peripheral magnetic stimulation, specifically sacral magnetic stimulation, has been used as a safe and effective treatment option for patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. A systematic literature review was carried out (Pubmed, Medline and Google academic database) without a time limit using the keywords: "transcranial magnetic stimulation", "sacral neuromodulation", and "urinary incontinence", where 11 articles attended to the inclusion criteria. Results: Thirteen articles were selected. Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique widely used in the evaluation of cortical areas and their respective peripheral areas, as well as in the treatment of lesions of brain origin. With regard to pelvic-perineal disorders, repetitive transcranial stimulation showed significant effects in controlling urinary incontinence, as well as sacral peripheral magnetic stimulation, in addition to exerting the potential to restore bladder sphincter function. Conclusion: Data from the literature suggest that both transcranial stimulation and peripheral stimulation are non-invasive references that can be promising and effective means of treatment in pelvic and perineal disorders. More prospective and randomized studies on a larger scale are needed, adapting the most appropriate and resolving parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title="urinary incontinence">urinary incontinence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20neuromodulation" title=" non-invasive neuromodulation"> non-invasive neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacral%20neuromodulation" title=" sacral neuromodulation"> sacral neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcranial%20magnetic%20stimulation." title=" transcranial magnetic stimulation."> transcranial magnetic stimulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164197/transcranial-and-sacral-magnetic-stimulation-as-a-therapeutic-resource-for-urinary-incontinence-a-brief-bibliographic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Simple Fabrication of Au (111)-Like Electrode and Its Applications to Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahrah%20Thamer%20Althagafi">Zahrah Thamer Althagafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20I.%20Awad"> Mohamed I. Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple method for the fabrication of Au (111)-like electrode via controlled reductive desorption of a pre-adsorbed cysteine monolayer onto polycrystalline gold (poly-Au) electrode is introduced. Then, the voltammetric behaviour of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the thus modified electrode is investigated. Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode is achieved using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. For the binary mixture of DA and AA, the results showed that Au (111)-like electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of DA and AA. This allows highly selective and simultaneous determination of DA and AA. The effect of various experimental parameters on the voltammetric responses of DA and AA was investigated. The enrichment of the Au (111) facet of the poly-Au electrode is thought to be behind the electrocatalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20electrode" title="gold electrode">gold electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroanalysis" title=" electroanalysis"> electroanalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolayers" title=" monolayers"> monolayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly" title=" self-assembly"> self-assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cysteine" title=" cysteine"> cysteine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117052/simple-fabrication-of-au-111-like-electrode-and-its-applications-to-electrochemical-determination-of-dopamine-and-ascorbic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Computational Analysis and Daily Application of the Key Neurotransmitters Involved in Happiness: Dopamine, Oxytocin, Serotonin, and Endorphins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Soo%20Kim">Hee Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Young%20Kyung"> Ha Young Kyung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Happiness and pleasure are a result of dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, and endorphin levels in the body. In order to increase the four neurochemical levels, it is important to associate daily activities with its corresponding neurochemical releases. This includes setting goals, maintaining social relationships, laughing frequently, and exercising regularly. The likelihood of experiencing happiness increases when all four neurochemicals are released at the optimal level. The achievement of happiness is important because it increases healthiness, productivity, and the ability to overcome adversity. To process emotions, electrical brain waves, brain structure, and neurochemicals must be analyzed. This research uses Chemcraft and Avogadro to determine the theoretical and chemical properties of the four neurochemical molecules. Each neurochemical molecule’s thermodynamic stability is calculated to observe the efficiency of the molecules. The study found that among dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin, beta-endorphin has the lowest optimized energy of 388.510 kJ/mol. Beta-endorphin, a neurotransmitter involved in mitigating pain and stress, is the most thermodynamically stable and efficient molecule that is involved in the process of happiness. Through examining such properties of happiness neurotransmitters, the science of happiness is better understood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title="happiness">happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotransmitters" title=" neurotransmitters"> neurotransmitters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20psychology" title=" positive psychology"> positive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxytocin" title=" oxytocin"> oxytocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotonin" title=" serotonin"> serotonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endorphins" title=" endorphins"> endorphins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71697/computational-analysis-and-daily-application-of-the-key-neurotransmitters-involved-in-happiness-dopamine-oxytocin-serotonin-and-endorphins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> The Effect of Music on Consumer Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Ann%20T%C3%BCreli">Lara Ann Türeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zlem%20Bozkurt"> Özlem Bozkurt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a biochemical component to listening to music. The type of music listened to can lead to different levels of neurotransmitter and biochemical activity within the brain, resulting in brain stimulation and different moods. Therefore, music plays an important role in neuromarketing and consumer behavior. The quality of a commercial can be measured by the effect the music has on its audience. Thus, understanding how music can affect the brain can provide better marketing strategies for all businesses. The type of music used plays an important role in how a person responds to certain experiences. In the context of marketing and consumer behavior, music can determine whether a person will be intrigued to buy something. Depending on the type of music listened to by an individual; the music may trigger the release of pleasurable neurotransmitters such as dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in reward pathways in the brain. When an individual experiences a pleasurable activity, increased levels of dopamine are produced, eventually leading to the formation of new reward pathways. Consequently, the increased dopamine activity within the brain triggered by music can result in new reward pathways along the dopamine pathways in the brain. Selecting pleasurable music for commercials can result in long-term brain stimulation, increasing consumerism. The effect of music on consumerism should be considered not only in commercials but also in the atmosphere it creates within stores. The type of music played in a store can affect consumer behavior and intention. Specifically, the rhythm, pitch, and pace of music can contribute to the mood of the song. The background music in a store can determine the consumer’s emotional presence and consequently affect their intentions. In conclusion, understanding the physiological, psychological, and neurochemical basis of the effect of music on brain stimulation is essential to understand consumer behavior. The role of dopamine in the formation of reward pathways as a result of music directly contributes to consumer behavior and the tendency of a commercial or store to leave a long-term effect on the consumer. The careful consideration of the pitch, pace, and rhythm of a song in the selection of music can not only help companies predict the behavior of a consumer but also determine the behavior of a consumer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20processing" title="sensory processing">sensory processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychology" title=" neuropsychology"> neuropsychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromarketing" title=" neuromarketing"> neuromarketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161059/the-effect-of-music-on-consumer-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> The Quantitative Optical Modulation of Dopamine Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Using an Optogenetic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiaoyue%20Kuang">Qiaoyue Kuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Li"> Yang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizuki%20Endo"> Mizuki Endo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeaki%20Ozawa"> Takeaki Ozawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest family of receptor proteins that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. Of the GPCRs, dopamine receptors, which recognize extracellular dopamine, are essential to mammals due to their roles in numerous physiological events, including autonomic movement, hormonal regulation, emotions, and the reward system in the brain. To precisely understand the physiological roles of dopamine receptors, it is important to spatiotemporally control the signaling mediated by dopamine receptors, which is strongly dependent on their surface expression. Conventionally, chemical-induced interactions were applied to trigger the endocytosis of cell surface receptors. However, these methods were subjected to diffusion and therefore lacked temporal and special precision. To further understand the receptor-mediated signaling and to control the plasma membrane expression of receptors, an optogenetic tool called E-fragment was developed. The C-terminus of a light-sensitive photosensory protein cyptochrome2 (CRY2) was attached to β-Arrestin, and the E-fragment was generated by fusing the C-terminal peptide of vasopressin receptor (V2R) to CRY2’s binding partner protein CIB. The CRY2-CIB heterodimerization triggered by blue light stimulation brings β-Arrestin to the vicinity of membrane receptors and results in receptor endocytosis. In this study, the E-fragment system was applied to dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (DRD1 and DRD2) to control dopamine signaling. First, confocal fluorescence microscope observation qualitatively confirmed the light-induced endocytosis of E-fragment fused receptors. Second, NanoBiT bioluminescence assay verified quantitatively that the surface amount of E-fragment labeled receptors decreased after light treatment. Finally, GloSensor bioluminescence assay results suggested that the E-fragment-dependent receptor light-induced endocytosis decreased cAMP production in DRD1 signaling and attenuated the inhibition effect of DRD2 on cAMP production. The developed optogenetic tool was able to induce receptor endocytosis by external light, providing opportunities to further understand numerous physiological activities by controlling receptor-mediated signaling spatiotemporally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20receptors" title="dopamine receptors">dopamine receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endocytosis" title=" endocytosis"> endocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%20protein-coupled%20receptors" title=" G protein-coupled receptors"> G protein-coupled receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optogenetics" title=" optogenetics"> optogenetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154002/the-quantitative-optical-modulation-of-dopamine-receptor-mediated-endocytosis-using-an-optogenetic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Fluorescence-Based Biosensor for Dopamine Detection Using Quantum Dots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylwia%20Krawiec">Sylwia Krawiec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Cabaj"> Joanna Cabaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karol%20Malecha"> Karol Malecha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, progress in the field of the analytical methods is of great interest for reliable biological research and medical diagnostics. Classical techniques of chemical analysis, despite many advantages, do not permit to obtain immediate results or automatization of measurements. Chemical sensors have displaced the conventional analytical methods - sensors combine precision, sensitivity, fast response and the possibility of continuous-monitoring. Biosensor is a chemical sensor, which except of conventer also possess a biologically active material, which is the basis for the detection of specific chemicals in the sample. Each biosensor device mainly consists of two elements: a sensitive element, where is recognition of receptor-analyte, and a transducer element which receives the signal and converts it into a measurable signal. Through these two elements biosensors can be divided in two categories: due to the recognition element (e.g immunosensor) and due to the transducer (e.g optical sensor). Working of optical sensor is based on measurements of quantitative changes of parameters characterizing light radiation. The most often analyzed parameters include: amplitude (intensity), frequency or polarization. Changes in the optical properties one of the compound which reacts with biological material coated on the sensor is analyzed by a direct method, in an indirect method indicators are used, which changes the optical properties due to the transformation of the testing species. The most commonly used dyes in this method are: small molecules with an aromatic ring, like rhodamine, fluorescent proteins, for example green fluorescent protein (GFP), or nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs). Quantum dots have, in comparison with organic dyes, much better photoluminescent properties, better bioavailability and chemical inertness. These are semiconductor nanocrystals size of 2-10 nm. This very limited number of atoms and the ‘nano’-size gives QDs these highly fluorescent properties. Rapid and sensitive detection of dopamine is extremely important in modern medicine. Dopamine is very important neurotransmitter, which mainly occurs in the brain and central nervous system of mammals. Dopamine is responsible for the transmission information of moving through the nervous system and plays an important role in processes of learning or memory. Detection of dopamine is significant for diseases associated with the central nervous system such as Parkinson or schizophrenia. In developed optical biosensor for detection of dopamine, are used graphene quantum dots (GQDs). In such sensor dopamine molecules coats the GQD surface - in result occurs quenching of fluorescence due to Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Changes in fluorescence correspond to specific concentrations of the neurotransmitter in tested sample, so it is possible to accurately determine the concentration of dopamine in the sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title=" fluorescence"> fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50940/fluorescence-based-biosensor-for-dopamine-detection-using-quantum-dots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Effects of Acute Exposure to WIFI Signals (2,45 GHz) on Heart Variability and Blood Pressure in Albinos Rabbit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Saili">Linda Saili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Hanini"> Amel Hanini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiraz%20Smirani"> Chiraz Smirani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iness%20Azzouz"> Iness Azzouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Azzouz"> Amina Azzouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafedh%20Abdemelek"> Hafedh Abdemelek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihad%20Bouslama"> Zihad Bouslama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrocardiogram and arterial pressure measurements were studied under acute exposures to WIFI (2.45 GHz) during one hour in adult male rabbits. Antennas of WIFI were placed at 25 cm at the right side near the heart. Acute exposure of rabbits to WIFI increased heart frequency (+ 22%) and arterial blood pressure (+14%). Moreover, analysis of ECG revealed that WIFI induced a combined increase of PR and QT intervals. By contrast, the same exposure failed to alter the maximum amplitude and P waves. After intravenously injection of dopamine (0.50 ml/kg) and epinephrine (0.50ml/kg) under acute exposure to RF we found that WIFI alter catecholamines(dopamine, epinephrine) action on heart variability and blood pressure compared to control. These results suggest for the first time, as far as we know, that exposure to WIFI affect heart rhythm, blood pressure, and catecholamines efficacy on cardiovascular system; indicating that radio frequency can act directly and/or indirectly on the cardiovascular system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate%20%28HR%29" title="heart rate (HR)">heart rate (HR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20pressure%20%28PA%29" title=" arterial pressure (PA)"> arterial pressure (PA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram%20%28ECG%29" title=" electrocardiogram (ECG)"> electrocardiogram (ECG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20efficacy%20of%0D%0Acatecholamines" title=" the efficacy of catecholamines"> the efficacy of catecholamines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epinephrine" title=" epinephrine"> epinephrine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40803/effects-of-acute-exposure-to-wifi-signals-245-ghz-on-heart-variability-and-blood-pressure-in-albinos-rabbit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Fabrication of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon-Nanotubes Paper Electrode for Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tze-Sian%20Pui">Tze-Sian Pui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aung%20Than"> Aung Than</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song-Wei%20Loo"> Song-Wei Loo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Li%20Hoe"> Yuan-Li Hoe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paper-based electrode devised from an array of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been successfully developed for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The PDDA/MWNTs electrodes were fabricated by allowing PDDA to absorb onto the surface of carboxylated MWNTs, followed by drop-casting the resulting mixture onto a paper. Cyclic voltammetry performed using 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻/⁴⁻ as the redox marker showed that the PDDA/MWNTs electrode has higher redox activity compared to non-functionalized carboxylated MWNT electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry was conducted with DA concentration ranging from 2 µM to 500 µM in the presence of 1 mM AA. The distinctive potential of 0.156 and -0.068 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) measured on the surface of the PDDA/MWNTs electrode revealed that both DA and AA were oxidized. The detection limit of DA was estimated to be 0.8 µM. This nanocomposite paper-based electrode has great potential for future applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20pulse%20voltammetry" title=" differential pulse voltammetry"> differential pulse voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20sensor" title=" paper sensor"> paper sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118121/fabrication-of-functionalized-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-paper-electrode-for-simultaneous-detection-of-dopamine-and-ascorbic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potentiator in the Rehabilitation of Fine Motor Skills: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Lucia%20Molina">Ana Lucia Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Fine motor skills refer to the use of the hands and coordination of the small muscles that control the fingers. A deficiency in fine motor skills is as important as a change in global movements, as fine motor skills directly affect activities of daily living. Fine movements are involved in some functions, such as motor control of the extremities, sensitivity, strength and tonus of the hands. A growing interest in the effects of non-invasive neuromodulation, such as transcranial stimulation technologies, through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has been observed in the scientific literature, with promising results in fine motor rehabilitation, as it provides modulation of the corresponding cortical activity in the area primary motor skills of the hands in both hemispheres (according to the International System 10-20, corresponding to C3 and C4). Objectives: to carry out a literature review about the effects of TMS on the cortical motor area corresponding to hand motricity. Methodology: This is a bibliographic survey carried out between October 2022 and March 2023 at Pubmed, Google Scholar, Lillacs and Virtual Health Library (BVS), with a national and international database. Some books on neuromodulation were included. Results: 28 articles and 5 books were initially found, and after reading the abstracts, only 14 articles and 3 books were selected, with publication dates between 2008 and 2022, to compose the literature review since it suited the purpose of this study. Conclusion: TMS has shown promising results in the treatment of fine motor rehabilitation, such as improving coordination, muscle strength and range of motion of the hands, being a complementary technique to existing treatments and thus providing more potent results for manual skills in activities of daily living. It is important to emphasize the need for more specific studies on the application of TMS for the treatment of manual disorders, which describe the uniqueness of each movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcranial%20magnetic%20stimulation" title="transcranial magnetic stimulation">transcranial magnetic stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20motor%20skills" title=" fine motor skills"> fine motor skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20rehabilitation" title=" motor rehabilitation"> motor rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive%20neuromodulation" title=" non-invasive neuromodulation"> non-invasive neuromodulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170643/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-as-a-potentiator-in-the-rehabilitation-of-fine-motor-skills-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuromodulation as an Alternative to Opioids in the Evolving Healthcare Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20J.%20Carinci">Adam J. Carinci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The opioid epidemic is the most pressing healthcare crisis of our time. There is increasing recognition that opioids have limited long-term efficacy and are associated with hyperalgesia, addiction, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative strategies to combat chronic pain are paramount. We initiated a multicenter retrospective case series to review the efficacy of DRG stimulation in facilitating opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and as a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Purpose: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of pain. Recent innovations in neuromodulation, specifically, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, offers an effective alternative to opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. This retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. Procedure: This small multicenter retrospective case series provides preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid weaning, opioid tapering and is a viable option to opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic pain. A retrospective analysis was completed. Visual analog scale pain scores and pain medication usage were collected at the baseline visit and after four weeks, 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Ten consecutive patients across two study centers were included. The pain was rated 7.38 at baseline and decreased to 1.50 at the 4-week follow-up, a reduction of 79.5%. All patients significantly decreased their opioid pain medication use with an average > 30% reduction in morphine equivalents and four were able to discontinue their medications entirely. Conclusion: This Retrospective case series demonstrates preliminary evidence that DRG stimulation facilitates opioid tapering, opioid discontinuation and presents a viable alternative to chronic opioid therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dorsal%20root%20ganglion" title="dorsal root ganglion">dorsal root ganglion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromodulation" title=" neuromodulation"> neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid%20sparing" title=" opioid sparing"> opioid sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulation" title=" stimulation"> stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657/dorsal-root-ganglion-neuromodulation-as-an-alternative-to-opioids-in-the-evolving-healthcare-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Analysis of Autoantibodies to the S-100 Protein, NMDA, and Dopamine Receptors in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20V.%20Bykov">Yuri V. Bykov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20%20A.%20Baturin"> V. A. Baturin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the levels of autoantibodies (AAB) to the S-100 protein as well as to the dopamine and NMDA receptors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in therapeutic remission. Materials and methods: Blood serum obtained from 42 children ages 4 to 17 years (20 boys and 22 girls) was analyzed. Twenty-one of these children had a diagnosis of type 1 DM and were in therapeutic remission (study group). The mean duration of disease in children with type 1 DM was 9.6±0.36 years. Children without DM were included in a group of "apparently healthy children" (21 children, comparison group). AAB to the S-100 protein, the dopamine, and NMDA receptors were measured by ELISA. The normal range of IgG AAB was specified as up to 10 µg/mL. In order to compare the central parameters of the groups, the following parametric and non-parametric methods were used: Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance for inter-group comparisons was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean levels of AAB to the S-100B protein were significantly higher (p=0.0045) in children with DM (16.84±1.54 µg/mL) when compared with "apparently healthy children" (2.09±0.05 µg/mL). The detected elevated levels of AAB to NMDA receptors may indicate that in children with type 1 DM, there is a change in the activity of the glutamatergic system, which in its turn suggests the presence of excitotoxicity. The mean levels of AAB to dopamine receptors were higher (p=0.0082) in patients comprising the study group than in the children of the comparison group (40.47±2.31 µg/mL and 3.91±0.09 µg/mL). The detected elevated levels of AAB to dopamine receptors suggest an altered activity of the dopaminergic system in children with DM. This can also be viewed as indirect evidence of altered activity of the brain's glutamatergic system. The mean levels of AAB to NMDA receptors were higher in patients with type 1 DM compared with the "apparently healthy children," at 13.16±2.07 µg/mL and 1.304±0.05 µg/mL, respectively (p=0.0021). The elevated mean levels of AAB to the S-100B protein may indicate damage to brain tissue in children with type 1 DM. A difference was also detected between the mean values of the measured AABs, and this difference depended on the duration of the disease: mean AAB values were significantly higher in patients whose disease had lasted more than five years. Conclusions: The elevated mean levels of AAB to the S-100B protein may indicate damage to brain tissue in the setting of excitotoxicity in children with type 1 DM. The discovered elevation of the levels of AAB to NMDA and dopamine receptors may indicate the activation of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems. The observed abnormalities indicate the presence of central nervous system damage in children with type 1 DM, with a tendency towards the elevation of the levels of the studied AABs with disease progression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoantibodies" title="autoantibodies">autoantibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20damage" title=" brain damage"> brain damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154503/analysis-of-autoantibodies-to-the-s-100-protein-nmda-and-dopamine-receptors-in-children-with-type-1-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Polydopamine Nanoparticle as a Stable and Capacious Nano-Reservoir of Rifampicin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasnuva%20Tamanna">Tasnuva Tamanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aimin%20Yu"> Aimin Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of nanoscience in biomedical field has come across as a new era. This study involves the synthesis of nano drug carrier with antibiotic loading. Based on the founding that polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles could be formed via self-polymerization of dopamine at alkaline pH, one-step synthesis of rifampicin coupled polydopamine (PDA-R) nanoparticles was achieved by adding rifampicin into the dopamine solution. The successful yield of PDA nanoparticles with or without the presence of rifampicin during the polymerization process was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Drug loading was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and the loading efficiency of rifampicin was calculated to be 76%. Such highly capacious nano-reservoir was found very stable with little drug leakage at pH 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20loading" title="drug loading">drug loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polydopamine" title=" polydopamine"> polydopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rifampicin" title=" rifampicin"> rifampicin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39619/polydopamine-nanoparticle-as-a-stable-and-capacious-nano-reservoir-of-rifampicin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Stability Analysis of Two-delay Differential Equation for Parkinson's Disease Models with Positive Feedback</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Sohaly">M. A. Sohaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Elfouly"> M. A. Elfouly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous movement disorder that often appears in the elderly. PD is induced by a loss of dopamine secretion. Some drugs increase the secretion of dopamine. In this paper, we will simply study the stability of PD models as a nonlinear delay differential equation. After a period of taking drugs, these act as positive feedback and increase the tremors of patients, and then, the differential equation has positive coefficients and the system is unstable under these conditions. We will present a set of suggested modifications to make the system more compatible with the biodynamic system. When giving a set of numerical examples, this research paper is concerned with the mathematical analysis, and no clinical data have been used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%27s%20disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20delay%20differential%20equation" title=" two delay differential equation"> two delay differential equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133686/stability-analysis-of-two-delay-differential-equation-for-parkinsons-disease-models-with-positive-feedback" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Brain Oxygenation and Pleasure during Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20H.%20Okano">Alexandre H. Okano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20M.%20D.%20Agr%C3%ADcola"> Pedro M. D. Agrícola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20G.%20Da%20S.%20Machado"> Daniel G. Da S. Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20I.%20Do%20N.%20Neto"> Luiz I. Do N. Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20F.%20Farias%20Junior"> Luiz F. Farias Junior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20H.%20D.%20Nascimento"> Paulo H. D. Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rickson%20C.%20Mesquita"> Rickson C. Mesquita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20F.%20Araujo"> John F. Araujo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20B.%20Fontes"> Eduardo B. Fontes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Elsangedy"> Hassan M. Elsangedy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Shimojo"> Shinsuke Shimojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20M.%20Li"> Li M. Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prefrontal cortex is involved in the reward system and the insular cortex integrates the afferent inputs arriving from the body’ systems and turns into feelings. Therefore, modulating neuronal activity in these regions may change individuals’ perception in a given situation such as exercise. We tested whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) change cerebral oxygenation and pleasure during exercise. Fourteen volunteer healthy adult men were assessed into five different sessions. First, subjects underwent to a maximum incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Then, subjects were randomly assigned to a transcranial direct current stimulation (2mA for 15 min) intervention in a cross over design in four different conditions: anode and cathode electrodes on T3 and Fp2 targeting the insular cortex, and Fpz and F4 targeting prefrontal cortex, respectively; and their respective sham. These sessions were followed by 30 min of moderate intensity exercise. Brain oxygenation was measured in prefrontal cortex with a near infrared spectroscopy. Perceived exertion and pleasure were also measured during exercise. The asymmetry in prefrontal cortex oxygenation before the stimulation decreased only when it was applied over this region which did not occur after insular cortex or sham stimulation. Furthermore, pleasure was maintained during exercise only after prefrontal cortex stimulation (P > 0.7), while there was a decrease throughout exercise (P < 0.03) during the other conditions. We conclude that tDCS over the prefrontal cortex changes brain oxygenation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and maintains perceived pleasure during exercise. Therefore, this technique might be used to enhance effective responses related to exercise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affect" title="affect">affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20stimulation" title=" brain stimulation"> brain stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20neuromodulation" title=" dopamine neuromodulation"> dopamine neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pleasure" title=" pleasure"> pleasure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reward" title=" reward"> reward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcranial%20direct%20current%20stimulation" title=" transcranial direct current stimulation"> transcranial direct current stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75181/the-effects-of-transcranial-direct-current-stimulation-on-brain-oxygenation-and-pleasure-during-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> The Effect of Dopamine D2 Receptor TAQ A1 Allele on Sprinter and Endurance Athlete </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96znur%20%C3%96zge%20%C3%96zcan">Öznur Özge Özcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canan%20Sercan"> Canan Sercan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Kulaks%C4%B1z"> Hamza Kulaksız</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesut%20Karahan"> Mesut Karahan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korkut%20Ulucan"> Korkut Ulucan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic structure is very important to understand the brain dopamine system which is related to athletic performance. Hopefully, there will be enough studies about athletics performance in the terms of addiction-related genetic markers in the future. In the present study, we intended to investigate the Receptor-2 Gene (<em>DRD2</em>) rs1800497, which is related to brain dopaminergic system. 10 sprinter and 10 endurance athletes were enrolled in the study. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction method was used for genotyping. According to results, A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes in athletes were 0 (%0), 3 (%15) and 17 (%85). A1A1 genotype was not found and A2 allele was counted as the dominating allele in our cohort. These findings show that dopaminergic mechanism effects on sport genetic may be explained by the polygenic and multifactorial view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=addiction" title="addiction">addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletic%20performance" title=" athletic performance"> athletic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype" title=" genotype"> genotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20genetics" title=" sport genetics"> sport genetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88795/the-effect-of-dopamine-d2-receptor-taq-a1-allele-on-sprinter-and-endurance-athlete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Tactile Cues and Spatial Navigation in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubaiyea%20Uddin">Rubaiyea Uddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hippocampus, located in the limbic system, is most commonly known for its role in memory and spatial navigation (as cited in Brain Reward and Pathways). It maintains an especially important role in specifically episodic and declarative memory. The hippocampus has also recently been linked to dopamine, the reward pathway’s primary neurotransmitter. Since research has found that dopamine also contributes to memory consolidation and hippocampal plasticity, this neurotransmitter is potentially responsible for contributing to the hippocampus’s role in memory formation. In this experiment we tested to see the effect of tactile cues on spatial navigation for eight different mice. We used a radial arm that had one designated 'reward' arm containing sucrose. The presence or absence of bedding was our tactile cue. We attempted to see if the memory of that cue would enhance the mice’s memory of having received the reward in that arm. The results from our study showed there was no significant response from the use of tactile cues on spatial navigation on our 129 mice. Tactile cues therefore do not influence spatial navigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title="mice">mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20arm%20maze" title=" radial arm maze"> radial arm maze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20navigation" title=" spatial navigation"> spatial navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactile%20cues" title=" tactile cues"> tactile cues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampus" title=" hippocampus"> hippocampus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reward" title=" reward"> reward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20skills" title=" sensory skills"> sensory skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%E2%80%99s" title=" Alzheimer’s"> Alzheimer’s</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodegnerative%20disease" title=" neurodegnerative disease"> neurodegnerative disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21710/tactile-cues-and-spatial-navigation-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">649</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Microfluidic Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Manbohi">Ahmad Manbohi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Hamid%20Ahmadi"> Seyyed Hamid Ahmadi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A low-cost paper-based microfluidic device (PAD) for the multiplex electrochemical determination of glucose, uric acid, and dopamine in biological fluids was developed. Using wax printing, PAD containing a central zone, six channels, and six detection zones was fabricated, and the electrodes were printed on detection zones using pre-made electrodes template. For each analyte, two detection zones were used. The carbon working electrode was coated with chitosan-BSA (and enzymes for glucose and uric acid). To detect glucose and uric acid, enzymatic reactions were employed. These reactions involve enzyme-catalyzed redox reactions of the analytes and produce free electrons for electrochemical measurement. Calibration curves were linear (R<sup>²</sup> > 0.980) in the range of 0-80 mM for glucose, 0.09–0.9 mM for dopamine, and 0–50 mM for uric acid, respectively. Blood samples were successfully analyzed by the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluids" title="biological fluids">biological fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20paper-based%20electrochemical%20biosensors" title="microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensors">microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiplex" title=" Multiplex"> Multiplex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77212/microfluidic-paper-based-electrochemical-biosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> The Role of ALDH2 Genotypes in Bipolar II Disorder Comorbid with Anxiety Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Hsuan%20Chang">Yun-Hsuan Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chun%20Huang"> Chih-Chun Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ru-Band%20Lu"> Ru-Band Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dopamine, metabolized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), ALDH2*1/*1, and ALDH2*1/*2+ALDH*2/*2 equally carried in Han Chinese. The relationship between dopamine metabolic enzyme and cognitive performance in bipolar II disorder comorbid with anxiety disorder (AD) remains unclear. This study proposed to explore the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms, anxiety comorbidity in bipolar II disorder. One hundred and ninety-seven BPII with or without AD comorbidity were recruited and compared with 130 Health controls (HC). A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine genotypes for ALDH2, and neuropsychological battery was performed. Two factor analyses with AD comorbidity and ALDH2 showed a significant main effect of ALDH2 on attention and marginally significant interaction between AD and ALDH2 memory performance. The ALDH2 polymorphisms may play a different role in the neuropsychological performance on varied neuropsychological performance in BPII comorbid with and without AD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety%20disorder" title="anxiety disorder">anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar%20II%20disorder" title=" bipolar II disorder"> bipolar II disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comorbidity" title=" comorbidity"> comorbidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic" title=" genetic"> genetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56255/the-role-of-aldh2-genotypes-in-bipolar-ii-disorder-comorbid-with-anxiety-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid at Physiological Level Using Anodized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–Poldimethylsiloxane Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Gabriel%20Buenaventura">Angelo Gabriel Buenaventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allan%20Christopher%20Yago"> Allan Christopher Yago</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A carbon paste electrode (CPE) composed of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) conducting particle and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) binder was used for simultaneous detection of Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) in the presence of Ascorbic Acid (AA) at physiological level. The MWCNT-PDMS CPE was initially activated via potentiodynamic cycling in a basic (NaOH) solution, which resulted in enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements revealed a significantly lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the OH--activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE (Rct = 5.08kΩ) as compared to buffer (pH 7)-activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE (Rct = 25.9kΩ). Reversibility analysis of Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple of both Buffer-Activated CPE and OH--Activated CPE showed that the OH—Activated CPE have peak current ratio (Ia/Ic) of 1.11 at 100mV/s while 2.12 for the Buffer-Activated CPE; this showed an electrochemically reversible behavior for Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple even at relatively fast scan rate using the OH--activated CPE. Enhanced voltammetric signal for DA and significant peak separation between DA and UA was obtained using the OH--activated MWCNT-PDMS CPE in the presence of 50 μM AA via Differential Pulse Voltammetry technique. The anodic peak currents which appeared at 0.263V and 0.414 V were linearly increasing with increasing concentrations of DA and UA, respectively. The linear ranges were obtained at 25 μM – 100 μM for both DA and UA. The detection limit was determined to be 3.86 μM for DA and 5.61 μM for UA. These results indicate a practical approach in the simultaneous detection of important bio-organic molecules using a simple CPE composed of MWCNT and PDMS with base anodization as activation technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title="anodization">anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20paste%20electrodes" title=" carbon paste electrodes"> carbon paste electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uric%20acid" title=" uric acid"> uric acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65212/simultaneous-detection-of-dopamine-and-uric-acid-in-the-presence-of-ascorbic-acid-at-physiological-level-using-anodized-multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-poldimethylsiloxane-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Exposure to Tactile Cues Does Not Influence Spatial Navigation in 129 S1/SvLm Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubaiyea%20Uddin">Rubaiyea Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Taylor"> Rebecca Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Levesque"> Emily Levesque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hippocampus, located in the limbic system, is most commonly known for its role in memory and spatial navigation (as cited in Brain Reward and Pathways). It maintains an especially important role in specifically episodic and declarative memory. The hippocampus has also recently been linked to dopamine, the reward pathway’s primary neurotransmitter. Since research has found that dopamine also contributes to memory consolidation and hippocampal plasticity, this neurotransmitter is potentially responsible for contributing to the hippocampus’s role in memory formation. In this experiment we tested to see the effect of tactile cues on spatial navigation for eight different mice. We used a radial arm that had one designated “reward” arm containing sucrose. The presence or absence of bedding was our tactile cue. We attempted to see if the memory of that cue would enhance the mice’s memory of having received the reward in that arm. The results from our study showed there was no significant response from the use of tactile cues on spatial navigation on our 129 mice. Tactile cues therefore do not influence spatial navigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title="mice">mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20arm%20maze" title=" radial arm maze"> radial arm maze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20navigation" title=" spatial navigation"> spatial navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactile%20cues" title=" tactile cues"> tactile cues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampus" title=" hippocampus"> hippocampus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reward" title=" reward"> reward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20skills" title=" sensory skills"> sensory skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s" title=" Alzheimer's"> Alzheimer's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuro-degenerative%20diseases" title=" neuro-degenerative diseases"> neuro-degenerative diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17816/exposure-to-tactile-cues-does-not-influence-spatial-navigation-in-129-s1svlm-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Melatonin Rescue Fungicide Induced Behavioral and Reproductive Abnormalities through Changes of Dopaminergic Activity in the Brain of Catfish, Mystus cavasisu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Badruzzaman">Muhammad Badruzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alif%20Hasan"> Alif Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shahjahan"> Md. Shahjahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide extensively used in agriculture which can harm to non-target organisms in aquatic environment through runoff. Chronic exposure to environmental pesticides turn to behavioral impairment in vertebrates including teleosts. However, the potential effect of this fungicide on neurobehavioral impairment and release from it in vertebrates has not been fully explored. In this work, we examined the role of melatonin to rescue fungicide induced neurobehavioral and reproductive alternation and its connection with changes in dopaminergic activity in the brain of Mystus cavasius. After fish were exposed to water containing propiconazole at 0, 0.1, 5, and 250 µg/L for 3 days, significant increases of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; a DA metabolite), and their ratio (DOPAC/DA) were observed in whole brain at 250 µg/L concentration. When fish were treated with propiconazole at 250 µg/L for 3 days, there was a significant elevation of DA, DOPAC and DOPAC/DA in diencephalon and pituitary, and only DA in the telencephalon, compared with control fish. Besides, it induced a reduction in extracellular serotonin and had an anxiolytic-like effect, supported by a decrease in cortisol production. Increased locomotor activity, anxiety and aggressiveness, decreased gonadosomatic index with few vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries after propiconazole treatment. When fish were treated with melatonin, D1 (SCH-23390) or D2 (Haloperidol) dopamine receptor antagonists and combined of melatonin and D1/D2 receptor antagonist and was observed melatonin + D2 receptor antagonist rescued fungicide induced all behavioral changes in fish. These results indicate that propiconazole increases locomotor activity, anxiety and aggressiveness and decreases reproductive activity, which was rescued by combined treatment of melatonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title="behavior">behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catfish" title=" catfish"> catfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicide" title=" fungicide"> fungicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melatonin" title=" melatonin"> melatonin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155030/melatonin-rescue-fungicide-induced-behavioral-and-reproductive-abnormalities-through-changes-of-dopaminergic-activity-in-the-brain-of-catfish-mystus-cavasisu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Design and Creation of a BCI Videogame for Training and Measure of Sustained Attention in Children with ADHD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20E.%20Mu%C3%B1oz">John E. Muñoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20F.%20Lopez"> Jose F. Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20S.%20Lopez"> David S. Lopez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that affects 1 out of 5 Colombian children, converting into a real public health problem in the country. Conventional treatments such as medication and neuropsychological therapy have been proved to be insufficient in order to decrease high incidence levels of ADHD in the principal Colombian cities. This work demonstrates a design and development of a videogame that uses a brain computer interface not only to serve as an input device but also as a tool to monitor neurophysiologic signal. The video game named “The Harvest Challenge” puts a cultural scene of a Colombian coffee grower in its context, where a player can use his/her avatar in three mini games created in order to reinforce four fundamental aspects: i) waiting ability, ii) planning ability, iii) ability to follow instructions and iv) ability to achieve objectives. The details of this collaborative designing process of the multimedia tool according to the exact clinic necessities and the description of interaction proposals are presented through the mental stages of attention and relaxation. The final videogame is presented as a tool for sustained attention training in children with ADHD using as an action mechanism the neuromodulation of Beta and Theta waves through an electrode located in the central part of the front lobe of the brain. The processing of an electroencephalographic signal is produced automatically inside the videogame allowing to generate a report of the theta/beta ratio evolution - a biological marker, which has been demonstrated to be a sufficient measure to discriminate of children with deficit and without. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCI" title="BCI">BCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromodulation" title=" neuromodulation"> neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title=" ADHD"> ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videogame" title=" videogame"> videogame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurofeedback" title=" neurofeedback"> neurofeedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theta%2Fbeta%20ratio" title=" theta/beta ratio"> theta/beta ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22567/design-and-creation-of-a-bci-videogame-for-training-and-measure-of-sustained-attention-in-children-with-adhd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Using Personalized Spiking Neural Networks, Distinct Techniques for Self-Governing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brwa%20Abdulrahman%20Abubaker">Brwa Abdulrahman Abubaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the difficult task of applying reinforcement learning to autonomous mobile robots. Conventional reinforcement learning (TRL) techniques have many drawbacks, such as lengthy computation times, intricate control frameworks, a great deal of trial and error searching, and sluggish convergence. In this paper, a modified Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is used to offer a distinct method for autonomous mobile robot learning and control in unexpected surroundings. As a learning algorithm, the suggested model combines dopamine modulation with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). In order to create more computationally efficient, biologically inspired control systems that are adaptable to changing settings, this work uses the effective and physiologically credible Izhikevich neuron model. This study is primarily focused on creating an algorithm for target tracking in the presence of obstacles. Results show that the SNN trained with three obstacles yielded an impressive 96% success rate for our proposal, with collisions happening in about 4% of the 214 simulated seconds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiking%20neural%20network" title="spiking neural network">spiking neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spike-timing-dependent%20plasticity" title=" spike-timing-dependent plasticity"> spike-timing-dependent plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20modulation" title=" dopamine modulation"> dopamine modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190959/using-personalized-spiking-neural-networks-distinct-techniques-for-self-governing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Positive Effects of Aerobic Exercise after Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation on Recovery of Dopaminergic Neurons and Promotion of Angiogenesis Markers in the Striatum of Parkinsonian Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Hashemvarzi">S. A. Hashemvarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Heidarianpour"> A. Heidarianpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Fallahmohammadi"> Z. Fallahmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pourghasem"> M. Pourghasem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kaviani"> M. Kaviani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative in the central nervous system characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra resulting in loss of dopamine release in the striatum. Non-drug treatment options such as Stem cell transplantation and exercise have been considered for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise after bone marrow stem cells transplantation on recovery of dopaminergic neurons and promotion of angiogenesis markers in the striatum of parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: 42 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups: Normal (N), Sham (S), Parkinson’s (P), Stem cells transplanted Parkinson’s (SP), Exercised Parkinson’s (EP) and Stem cells transplanted + Exercised Parkinson’s (SEP). To create a model of Parkinson's, the striatum was destroyed by injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine into the striatum through stereotaxic apparatus. Stem cells were derived from the bone marrow of femur and tibia of male rats with 6-8 weeks old. After cultivation, approximately 5×105 cells in 5 microliter of medium were injected into the striatum of rats through the channel. Aerobic exercise was included 8 weeks of running on the treadmill with a speed of 15 meters per minute. At the end, all subjects were decapitated and striatum tissues were separately isolated for measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dopamine (DA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels. Results: VEGF, DA and TH levels in the striatum of parkinsonian rats significantly increased in treatment groups (SP, EP and SEP), especially in SEP group compared to P group after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings implicate that the BMSCs transplantation in combination with exercise would have synergistic effects leading to functional recovery, dopaminergic neurons recovery and promotion of angiogenesis marker in the striatum of parkinsonian rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title="stem cells">stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treadmill%20training" title=" treadmill training"> treadmill training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotrophic%20factors" title=" neurotrophic factors"> neurotrophic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson" title=" Parkinson"> Parkinson</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31805/positive-effects-of-aerobic-exercise-after-bone-marrow-stem-cell-transplantation-on-recovery-of-dopaminergic-neurons-and-promotion-of-angiogenesis-markers-in-the-striatum-of-parkinsonian-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Genome-Wide Significant SNPs Proximal to Nicotinic Receptor Genes Impact Cognition in Schizophrenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ahangari">Mohammad Ahangari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with symptoms that include cognitive deficits and nicotine has been suggested to have an effect on cognition. In recent years, the advents of Genome-Wide Association Studies(GWAS) has evolved our understanding about the genetic causes of complex disorders such as schizophrenia and studying the role of genome-wide significant genes could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic agents for treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The current study identified six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) from schizophrenia and smoking GWAS that are located on or in close proximity to the nicotinic receptor gene cluster (CHRN) and studied their association with cognition in an Irish sample of 1297 cases and controls using linear regression analysis. Further on, the interaction between CHRN gene cluster and Dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) during working memory was investigated. The effect of these polymorphisms on nicotinic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is disrupted in schizophrenia, have been characterized in terms of their effects on memory, attention, social cognition and IQ as measured by a neuropsychological test battery and significant effects in two polymorphisms were found across global IQ domain of the test battery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognition" title="cognition">cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWAS" title=" GWAS"> GWAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nicotine" title=" nicotine"> nicotine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNPs" title=" SNPs"> SNPs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43300/genome-wide-significant-snps-proximal-to-nicotinic-receptor-genes-impact-cognition-in-schizophrenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Improves Animal Behavior and Monoamine Neurotransmission in Germ-Free Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Wei-Hsien">Liu Wei-Hsien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuang%20Hsiao-Li"> Chuang Hsiao-Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Yen-Te"> Huang Yen-Te</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Chien-Chen"> Wu Chien-Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chou%20Geng-Ting"> Chou Geng-Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsai%20Ying-Chieh"> Tsai Ying-Chieh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intestinal microflora play an important role in communication along the gut-brain axis. Probiotics, defined as live bacteria or bacterial products, confer a significant health benefit to the host. Here we administered Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) to the germ-free (GF) mouse to investigate the impact of the gut-brain axis on emotional behavior. Administration of live PS128 significantly increased the total distance traveled in the open field test; it decreased the time spent in the closed arm and increased the time spent and total entries into the open arm in the elevated plus maze. In contrast, heat-killed PS128 caused no significant changes in the GF mice. Treatment with live PS128 significantly increased levels of both serotonin and dopamine in the striatum, but not in the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. However, live PS128 did not alter pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated splenocytes. The above data indicate that the normalization of emotional behavior correlated with monoamine neurotransmission, but not with immune activity. Our findings suggest that daily intake of the probiotic PS128 could ameliorate neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and excessive psychological stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal%20axis" title=" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis"> hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20microflora" title=" intestinal microflora"> intestinal microflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotonin" title=" serotonin"> serotonin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29118/administration-of-lactobacillus-plantarum-ps128-improves-animal-behavior-and-monoamine-neurotransmission-in-germ-free-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20neuromodulation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20neuromodulation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine%20neuromodulation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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