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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of very massive young open cluster thought to be the precursor of a globular cluster</div> <p>A <b>super star cluster</b> (<b>SSC</b>) is a very massive young <a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">open cluster</a> that is thought to be the precursor of a <a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster" title="Globular cluster">globular cluster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gallagher02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallagher02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These clusters called "super" because they are relatively more luminous and contain more mass than other young star clusters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SSC, however, does not have to physically be larger than other clusters of lower mass and luminosity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They typically contain a very large number of <a href="/wiki/T_Tauri_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="T Tauri Star">young</a>, <a href="/wiki/OB_star" title="OB star">massive stars</a> that ionize a surrounding <a href="/wiki/H_II_region" title="H II region">HII region</a> or a so-called "Ultra dense HII region (UDHII)" in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way Galaxy</a><sup id="cite_ref-kobulnicky99_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobulnicky99-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in other galaxies (however, SSCs do not always have to be inside an HII region). An SSC's <a href="/wiki/H_II_region" title="H II region">HII region</a> is in turn surrounded by a cocoon of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">dust</a>. In many cases, the stars and the HII regions will be invisible to observations in certain wavelengths of light, such as the visible spectrum, due to high levels of <a href="/wiki/Extinction_(astronomy)" title="Extinction (astronomy)">extinction</a>. As a result, the youngest SSCs are best observed and photographed in <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrared_astronomy" title="Infrared astronomy">infrared</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson04_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson04-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SSCs, such as Westerlund 1 (Wd1), have been found in the Milky Way Galaxy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most have been observed in farther regions of the universe. In the galaxy <a href="/wiki/Messier_82" title="Messier 82">M82</a> alone, 197 young SSCs have been observed and identified using the Hubble Space Telescope.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, SSCs have been seen to form in the interactions between galaxies and in regions of high amounts of star formation with high enough pressures to satisfy the properties needed for the formation of a star cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These regions can include newer galaxies with much new star formation, dwarf <a href="/wiki/Starburst_galaxy" title="Starburst galaxy">starburst galaxies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arms of a spiral galaxy that have a high star formation rate, and in the merging of galaxies. In an Astronomical Journal published in 1996, using pictures taken in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum by the Hubble Space Telescope of star-forming rings in five different barred galaxies, numerous star clusters were found in clumps within the rings which had high rates of star formation. These clusters were found to have masses of about <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup> M<sub>☉</sub></span> to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>5</sup> M<sub>☉</sub></span>, ages of about 100 Myr, and radii of about 5 pc, and are thought to evolve into globular clusters later in their lifetimes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These properties match those found in SSCs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_and_properties">Characteristics and properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics and properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The typical characteristics and properties of SSCs: </p> <ul><li>Mass <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gtrsim }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>≳</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gtrsim }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/697c35ea6f5a1722d41bb586b6a056e4a7edd1f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gtrsim }"></span> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>5</sup> M<sub>☉</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Radius ≈ 5 pc ≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7017100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>19</sup> cm</span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Age ≈ 100 Myr<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although other sources state that observed SSCs have an age of 1 Gyr<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Large <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">densities</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{\text{e}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{\text{e}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/174f3ecec370938f245a14b0bf580ca2588c754e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.357ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{\text{e}}}"></span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup></span>–<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup></span> (this is a property of the HII region associated with the SSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressures</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P/}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P/}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c7cb05612f9c96d3dcd6a5bbfe62069ceab7dca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.908ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P/}"></span><a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_constant" title="Boltzmann constant"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>B</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9582c7c795d2def2c061f0dfa3a6f0fb3dd2de44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.607ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}}"></span></a> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>7</sup></span>–<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7010100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>⋅cm<sup>−3</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson04_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson04-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this is a property of the HII region associated with the SSC)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hubble_Space_Telescope_contributions">Hubble Space Telescope contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hubble Space Telescope contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the relatively small size of SSCs compared to their host galaxies, astronomers have had trouble finding them in the past due to the limited resolution of the ground-based and space telescopes at the time. With the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope (HST)</a> in the 1990s, finding SSCs (as well as other astronomical objects) became much easier thanks to the higher resolution of the HST (angular resolution of ~1/10 arcsecond<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). This has not only allowed astronomers to see SSCs, but also allowed for them to measure their properties as well as the properties of the individual stars within the SSC. Recently, a massive star, <a href="/wiki/Westerlund_1-26" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerlund 1-26">Westerlund 1-26</a>, was discovered in the SSC Westerlund 1 in the Milky Way. The radius of this star is thought to be larger than the radius of Jupiter's orbit around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essentially, the HST searches the night sky, specifically nearby galaxies, for star clusters and "dense stellar objects" to see if any have the properties similar to that of a SSC or an object that would, in its lifetime, evolve into a globular cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_SSCs">List of SSCs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of SSCs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Name </th> <th>Contained<br />in Galaxy </th> <th>Comments </th> <th>Refs / Notes </th> <th>Pictures </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westerlund_1" title="Westerlund 1">Westerlund 1</a> (Wd1) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way Galaxy</a> </td> <td>First SSC discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way Galaxy</a>. This SSC was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in 1961. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westerlund_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Westerlund 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Westerlund_1.jpg/220px-Westerlund_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Westerlund_1.jpg/330px-Westerlund_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Westerlund_1.jpg/440px-Westerlund_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Westerlund 1</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_3603" title="NGC 3603">NGC 3603</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way Galaxy</a> </td> <td>Candidate for SSC </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="\NGC 3603" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg/220px-Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg/330px-Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg/440px-Stellar_nursery_NGC_3603.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="2148" /></a><figcaption>NGC 3603</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_2070" title="NGC 2070">NGC 2070</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> (LMC) </td> <td>Candidate for SSC </td> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tarantula_Nebula_(30_Doradus_or_NGC_2070).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="\NGC 2070" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg/220px-The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg/330px-The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg/440px-The_Tarantula_Nebula_%2830_Doradus_or_NGC_2070%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="2077" /></a><figcaption>NGC 2070</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R136" title="R136">R136</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> (LMC) </td> <td>The prototype SSC, inside <a href="/wiki/NGC_2070" title="NGC 2070">NGC 2070</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_(captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="R136 (Located in the Tarantula Nebula)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/220px-Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/330px-Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg/440px-Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_%28captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3939" data-file-height="4024" /></a><figcaption>R136 (Located in the Tarantula Nebula)</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_346" title="NGC 346">NGC 346</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a> (SMC) </td> <td>May be a SSC </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngc346.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="NGC 346" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ngc346.jpg/220px-Ngc346.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ngc346.jpg/330px-Ngc346.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ngc346.jpg/440px-Ngc346.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="3760" /></a><figcaption>NGC 346</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NGC 1569 A1 and A2 (NGC 1569 A) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_1569" title="NGC 1569">NGC 1569</a> </td> <td>Clusters A1 and A2 formed SSC A </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NGC_1569.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="NGC 1569" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NGC_1569.jpg/220px-NGC_1569.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NGC_1569.jpg/330px-NGC_1569.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NGC_1569.jpg/440px-NGC_1569.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>NGC 1569</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NGC 1569 B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_1569" title="NGC 1569">NGC 1569</a> </td> <td>It contains older population of red giants and red supergiants </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="NGC 1569" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg/220px-Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg/330px-Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg/440px-Starburst_in_a_Dwarf_Irregular_Galaxy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>NGC 1569</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NGC 5253's central SSC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NGC_5253" title="NGC 5253">NGC 5253</a> </td> <td>It is very dusty, and is the site of ongoing star formation. Particularly rich in <a href="/wiki/O-type_star" title="O-type star">O-type stars</a>, containing at least 7,000. </td> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="NGC 5253" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg/220px-A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg/330px-A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg/440px-A_Peculiar_Compact_Blue_Dwarf_Galaxy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5377" data-file-height="2737" /></a><figcaption>NGC 5253</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gallagher02-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gallagher02_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGallagherGrebel2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gallagher & Grebel (2002). 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"The Star Clusters in the Starburst Irregular Galaxy NGC 1569". <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>120</b> (5): 2383. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0009280">astro-ph/0009280</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AJ....120.2383H">2000AJ....120.2383H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F316810">10.1086/316810</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6445978">6445978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Star+Clusters+in+the+Starburst+Irregular+Galaxy+NGC+1569&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2383&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0009280&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6445978%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F316810&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000AJ....120.2383H&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Deidre+A.&rft.au=O%27Connell%2C+Robert+W.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J.+S.&rft.au=Smecker-Hane%2C+Tammy+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuper+star+cluster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_star_cluster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050528143304.htm">Monster Super Star Cluster Discovered In Milky Way</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Pre-main-sequence_star" title="Pre-main-sequence star">Pre-main-sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_star" title="Herbig Ae/Be star">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri_star" title="T Tauri star">T Tauri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig%E2%80%93Haro_object" title="Herbig–Haro object">Herbig–Haro object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_track" title="Hayashi track">Hayashi track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henyey_track" title="Henyey track">Henyey track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_sequence" title="Main sequence">Main sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-giant_branch" title="Red-giant branch">Red-giant branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_branch" title="Horizontal branch">Horizontal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_clump" title="Red clump">Red clump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch" title="Asymptotic giant branch">Asymptotic giant branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-AGB_star" title="Post-AGB star">post-AGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-AGB_star" title="Super-AGB star">super-AGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_loop" title="Blue loop">Blue loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nebula" title="Planetary nebula">Planetary nebula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_nebula" title="Protoplanetary nebula">Protoplanetary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayet_nebula" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf-Rayet nebula">Wolf-Rayet nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PG_1159_star" title="PG 1159 star">PG1159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredge-up" title="Dredge-up">Dredge-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OH/IR_star" title="OH/IR star">OH/IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instability_strip" title="Instability strip">Instability strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable">Luminous blue variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_population" title="Stellar population">Stellar population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superluminous_supernova" title="Superluminous supernova">Superluminous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early-type_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Early-type star">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late-type_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-type star">Late</a></li> <li>Main sequence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-type_main-sequence_star" title="O-type main-sequence star">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-type_main-sequence_star" title="B-type main-sequence star">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-type_main-sequence_star" title="A-type main-sequence star">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-type_main-sequence_star" title="F-type main-sequence star">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star" title="G-type main-sequence star">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star" title="K-type main-sequence star">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf" title="Subdwarf">Subdwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_O_star" title="Subdwarf O star">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_B_star" title="Subdwarf B star">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star" title="Wolf–Rayet star">WR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OB_star" title="OB star">OB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgiant" title="Subgiant">Subgiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_star" title="Giant star">Giant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_giant" title="Blue giant">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_giant" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow giant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_giant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright giant">Bright giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergiant" title="Supergiant">Supergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_supergiant" title="Blue supergiant">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant" title="Red supergiant">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_supergiant" title="Yellow supergiant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergiant" title="Hypergiant">Hypergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_hypergiant" title="Yellow hypergiant">Yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_star" title="Carbon star">Carbon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-type_star" title="S-type star">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN_star" title="CN star">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH_star" title="CH star">CH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star" title="Chemically peculiar star">Chemically peculiar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am_star" title="Am star">Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ap_and_Bp_stars" title="Ap and Bp stars">Ap/Bp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEMP_star" title="CEMP star">CEMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-manganese_star" title="Mercury-manganese star">HgMn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium-weak_star" title="Helium-weak star">He-weak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_star" title="Barium star">Barium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Bo%C3%B6tis_star" title="Lambda Boötis star">Lambda Boötis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_star" title="Lead star">Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_star" title="Technetium star">Technetium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_star" title="Be star">Be</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_star" title="Shell star">Shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B(e)_star" title="B(e) star">B[e]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_star" title="Helium star">Helium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_helium_star" title="Extreme helium star">Extreme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_straggler" title="Blue straggler">Blue straggler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Remnants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact star">Compact star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_00500%2B6713" title="IRAS 00500+6713">Parker's star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helium_planet" title="Helium planet">Helium planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-quiet_neutron_star" title="Radio-quiet neutron star">Radio-quiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_pulsar" title="Binary pulsar">Binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_pulsar" title="X-ray pulsar">X-ray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_binary" title="X-ray binary">X-ray binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_burster" title="X-ray burster">Burster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_gamma_repeater" title="Soft gamma repeater">SGR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_star" title="Hypothetical star">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)" title="Blue dwarf (red-dwarf stage)">Blue dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_dwarf" title="Black dwarf">Black dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_star" title="Exotic star">Exotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boson_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Boson star">Boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroweak_star" title="Electroweak star">Electroweak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_star" title="Strange star">Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Preon star">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_star" title="Planck star">Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_star_(dark_matter)" title="Dark star (dark matter)">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark-energy_star" title="Dark-energy star">Dark-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_star" title="Quark star">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_star" title="Q star">Q</a></li></ul></li> <li>Black hole star <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)" title="Black star (semiclassical gravity)">Black</a></li> <li>Hawking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-star" title="Quasi-star">Quasi-star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravastar" title="Gravastar">Gravastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93%C5%BBytkow_object" title="Thorne–Żytkow object">Thorne–Żytkow object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_star" title="Iron star">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzar" title="Blitzar">Blitzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hole" title="White hole">White hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuterium_fusion" title="Deuterium fusion">Deuterium burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_burning" title="Lithium burning">Lithium burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain" title="Proton–proton chain">Proton–proton chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_cycle" title="CNO cycle">CNO cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_flash" title="Helium flash">Helium flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-alpha_process" title="Triple-alpha process">Triple-alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_process" title="Alpha process">Alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-burning_process" title="Carbon-burning process">C burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon-burning_process" title="Neon-burning process">Ne burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen-burning_process" title="Oxygen-burning process">O burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon-burning_process" title="Silicon-burning process">Si burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">s-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">r-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-process" title="P-process">p-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor_(astronomy)" title="Fusor (astronomy)">Fusor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_nova" title="Symbiotic nova">Symbiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_remnant" title="Nova remnant">Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_red_nova" title="Luminous red nova">Luminous red nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova#Recurrent_novae" title="Nova">Recurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis" title="Supernova nucleosynthesis">Supernova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_structure" title="Stellar structure">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_core" title="Stellar core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_zone" title="Convection zone">Convection zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microturbulence" title="Microturbulence">Microturbulence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-like_oscillations" title="Solar-like oscillations">Oscillations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation zone">Radiation zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_atmosphere" title="Stellar atmosphere">Atmosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photosphere" title="Photosphere">Photosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starspot" title="Starspot">Starspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosphere" title="Chromosphere">Chromosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_corona" title="Stellar corona">Stellar corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_surface" title="Alfvén surface">Alfvén surface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_wind" title="Stellar wind">Stellar wind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar-wind_bubble" title="Stellar-wind bubble">Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipolar_outflow" title="Bipolar outflow">Bipolar outflow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proplyd" title="Proplyd">Proplyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroseismology" title="Asteroseismology">Asteroseismology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helioseismology" title="Helioseismology">Helioseismology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_dust" title="Circumstellar dust">Circumstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_luminosity" title="Eddington luminosity">Eddington luminosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz_mechanism" title="Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism">Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_designations_and_names" title="Stellar designations and names">Designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_dynamics" title="Stellar dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">Effective temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">Luminosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_kinematics" title="Stellar kinematics">Kinematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_magnetic_field" title="Stellar magnetic field">Magnetic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_mass" title="Stellar mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">Metallicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlight" title="Starlight">Starlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_star" title="Variable star">Variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Photometric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_index" title="Color index">Color index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram" title="Hertzsprung–Russell diagram">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color%E2%80%93color_diagram" title="Color–color diagram">Color–color diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mgren_sphere" title="Strömgren sphere">Strömgren sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_break" title="Kraft break">Kraft break</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_system" title="Star system">Star systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">Binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contact_binary" title="Contact binary">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_envelope" title="Common envelope">Common envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipsing_binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclipsing binary">Eclipsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiotic_binary" title="Symbiotic binary">Symbiotic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_system#Multiple_star_systems" title="Star system">Multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_cluster" title="Star cluster">Cluster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster" title="Globular cluster">Globular</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Super</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth-centric<br />observations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">Solar eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_radio_emission" title="Solar radio emission">Solar radio emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">Pole star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_star" title="Circumpolar star">Circumpolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">Asterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">Magnitude</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_(astronomy)" title="Extinction (astronomy)">Extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_magnitude" title="Photographic magnitude">Photographic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_velocity" title="Radial velocity">Radial velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">Proper motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_parallax" title="Stellar parallax">Parallax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photometric-standard_star" title="Photometric-standard star">Photometric-standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_stars" title="Lists of stars">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_stars" title="List of proper names of stars">Proper names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_star_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese star names">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_star_extremes" title="List of star extremes">Extremes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_stars" title="List of most massive stars">Most massive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hottest_stars" title="List of hottest stars">Highest temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coolest_stars" title="List of coolest stars">Lowest temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_known_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest known stars">Largest volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smallest_known_stars" title="List of smallest known stars">Smallest volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars" title="List of brightest stars">Brightest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_brightest_stars" title="Historical brightest stars">Historical brightest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_luminous_stars" title="List of most luminous stars">Most luminous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars" title="List of nearest stars">Nearest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_bright_stars" title="List of nearest bright stars">bright</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects#List_of_most_distant_objects_by_type" title="List of the most distant astronomical objects">Most distant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_with_resolved_images" title="List of stars with resolved images">With resolved images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplanetary_systems" title="List of multiplanetary systems">With multiple exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brown_dwarfs" title="List of brown dwarfs">Brown dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_red_dwarfs" title="List of red dwarfs">Red dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_dwarfs" title="List of white dwarfs">White dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_novae_in_the_Milky_Way_galaxy" title="List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy">Milky Way novae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernovae" title="List of supernovae">Supernovae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_candidates" title="List of supernova candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_remnants" title="List of supernova remnants">Remnants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_nebulae" title="List of planetary nebulae">Planetary nebulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_stellar_astronomy" title="Timeline of stellar astronomy">Timeline of stellar astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substellar_object" title="Substellar object">Substellar object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-dwarf_desert" title="Brown-dwarf desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-brown_dwarf" title="Sub-brown dwarf">Sub</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">Guest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">Gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Intergalactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet-hosting_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet-hosting stars">Planet-hosting stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_disruption_event" title="Tidal disruption event">Tidal disruption event</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer 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