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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>Eady Levy</b> was a tax on <a href="/wiki/Box-office" class="mw-redirect" title="Box-office">box-office</a> receipts in the United Kingdom, intended to support the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British film industry</a>. It was introduced in 1950 as a voluntary levy as part of the <b>Eady plan</b>, named after Sir <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Griffin_Eady" title="Wilfred Griffin Eady">Wilfred Eady</a>, a Treasury official. The levy, paid into the <b>British Film Production Fund</b>, was made compulsory in 1957 and terminated in 1985. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">levy</a> was first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>, then president of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Board of Trade</a>, in 1949. The levy was intended to assist producers of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British films</a>. A direct governmental payment to British-based producers would have qualified as a <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a>, and would have led to objections from <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">American film</a> producers. An indirect levy did not qualify as a subsidy, and so was a suitable way of providing additional funding for the UK film industry whilst avoiding criticism from abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment">Establishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Eady Levy came into effect on 9 September 1950 on a voluntary basis to subsidize British film producers.<sup id="cite_ref-Var53_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, the UK Government indicated it would legislate if the exhibitors did not agree to continue the voluntary agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Var53_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not established on a statutory basis until its incorporation in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinematograph_Films_Act_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinematograph Films Act 1957 (page does not exist)">Cinematograph Films Act 1957</a> (<a href="/wiki/5_%26_6_Eliz._2" class="mw-redirect" title="5 & 6 Eliz. 2">5 & 6 Eliz. 2</a>. c. 21). </p><p>In the Eady Levy, a proportion of the ticket price was to be pooled – half to be retained by exhibitors (i.e. effectively a <a href="/wiki/Tax_rebate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax rebate">rebate</a> on the tax) and half to be divided among qualifying <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British films">'British' films</a> in proportion to UK box office revenue, with no obligation to invest in further production. The <a href="/wiki/Finance_Act_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Act 1950">Finance Act 1950</a> had previously made the necessary changes in the entertainments tax. The levy was collected by <a href="/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise" title="HM Customs and Excise">HM Customs and Excise</a> and administered by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Film_Fund_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Film Fund Agency (page does not exist)">British Film Fund Agency</a>. </p><p>To qualify as a British film, a minimum of 85% of the film had to be shot in the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth, and only three non-British individual salaries could be excluded from the costs of the film, ensuring the employment of British actors, technicians and film crew.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first year, the levy was one quarter of a <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">penny</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d) per ticket sold and raised $3 million;<sup id="cite_ref-Var53_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the second year the levy was tripled for ticket prices over 12 pence (12d) to (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d) to raise £3 million ($8.4 million) per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-Var53_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Eady levy rate<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Min. ticket price</th> <th>Levy </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td>any</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1951</td> <td>3d.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>12d.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">1957</td> <td>10d.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>13d.</td> <td>½d </td></tr> <tr> <td>14½d.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>16d.</td> <td>1d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>17½d.</td> <td>1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>19d.</td> <td>1½d </td></tr> <tr> <td>21½d.</td> <td>1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>d. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td>11d.</td> <td rowspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">9</span></span> excess<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968</td> <td>18d. (7½p<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td>12½p </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td>17½p </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td>any</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span> full price </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Note</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">i.e. one-ninth of the portion of the ticket price above the minimum price.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Decimal currency was <a href="/wiki/Decimal_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal day">introduced in 1971</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The levy had the effect of both assisting the film industry, and reducing the effect of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_tax" title="Entertainment tax">entertainment tax</a> on film exhibition, to which all the cinema industry was opposed. </p><p>The rise in British cinema (including the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_films" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond films">James Bond films</a>) during the 1960s caused by an influx of American producers can be attributed to the Eady Levy – and also to the cheaper production facilities – making it cost far less in the UK to achieve the same quality of production. A number of American film makers worked in Britain in this period on a near-permanent basis, including <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> moved to Britain in the early 1960s to make <i><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(1962_film)" title="Lolita (1962 film)">Lolita</a></i> (1962), <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a></i> (1964), <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i> (1968) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></i> (1971), among other films. Another expatriate American, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a>, directed <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>' films <i><a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(film)" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i> (1964) and <i><a href="/wiki/Help!_(film)" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a></i> (1965). </p><p>It was not only American film makers who came; a number of distinguished European directors also made films in Britain. These included <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (who made <i><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_451_(1966_film)" title="Fahrenheit 451 (1966 film)">Fahrenheit 451</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> and on location in London and Berkshire) and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>. </p><p>The Eady Levy also provided funding for the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a>, which trained a number of directors and actors still in work today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termination">Termination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Termination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Eady Levy was intended to support UK film production. However, in a <a href="/wiki/White_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="White Paper">White Paper</a> in 1984, the <a href="/wiki/British_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="British Government">British Government</a> recognised that the levy was no longer fulfilling its original purpose, with much of the payment going directly to distributors rather than producers, and proving an unreasonable burden on the exhibition sector.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year 1984 had seen the lowest cinema attendances in the UK of any year in recorded history - with only 54 million tickets sold,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fewer than one ticket per head of population – thanks largely to competition from TV and home video, so the tax had a significant effect on the cinema chains' dwindling profits. The Eady Levy was terminated in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Finance_Corporation" title="National Film Finance Corporation">National Film Finance Corporation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFenwick2017" class="citation book cs1">Fenwick, James (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GDglDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191">"The Eady Levy,'The Envy of Most Other European Nations': Runaway Productions and the British Film Fund in the early 1960s."</a>. In Hunter, I.Q.; Porter, Laraine; Smith, Justin (eds.). <i>The Routledge Companion to British Cinema History</i>. pp. 191–199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315392172" title="Special:BookSources/9781315392172"><bdi>9781315392172</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eady+Levy%2C%27The+Envy+of+Most+Other+European+Nations%27%3A+Runaway+Productions+and+the+British+Film+Fund+in+the+early+1960s.&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+British+Cinema+History&rft.pages=191-199&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781315392172&rft.aulast=Fenwick&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGDglDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagorSchlesinger2009" class="citation journal cs1">Magor, Maggie; Schlesinger, Philip (Autumn 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Screen_Volume_50_Issue_3/page/n28">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'For this relief much thanks.' Taxation, film policy and the UK government"</a>. <i>Screen</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 299–307: 302–303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fscreen%2Fhjp017">10.1093/screen/hjp017</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Screen&rft.atitle=%27For+this+relief+much+thanks.%27+Taxation%2C+film+policy+and+the+UK+government&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299-307%3A+302-303&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fscreen%2Fhjp017&rft.aulast=Magor&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft.au=Schlesinger%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FScreen_Volume_50_Issue_3%2Fpage%2Fn28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakley2013" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Charles Allen (2013) [1964]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2exJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA197"><i>Where we Came In: Seventy Years of the British Film Industry</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 27, 29, 197-. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317928676" title="Special:BookSources/9781317928676"><bdi>9781317928676</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+we+Came+In%3A+Seventy+Years+of+the+British+Film+Industry&rft.pages=27%2C+29%2C+197-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781317928676&rft.aulast=Oakley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2exJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomer1993" class="citation thesis cs1">Romer, Stephen (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/6301/1/FulltextThesis.pdf"><i>The decline of the British film industry: an analysis of market structure, the firm and product competition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). Brunel University. pp. 77–86<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+decline+of+the+British+film+industry%3A+an+analysis+of+market+structure%2C+the+firm+and+product+competition&rft.inst=Brunel+University&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbura.brunel.ac.uk%2Fbitstream%2F2438%2F6301%2F1%2FFulltextThesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbs2009" class="citation journal cs1">Stubbs, Jonathan (May 2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/189537">"The Eady Levy: A Runaway Bribe? Hollywood Production and British Subsidy in the Early 1960s"</a></span>. <i>Journal of British Cinema and Television</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 1–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2FE174345210900065X">10.3366/E174345210900065X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Cinema+and+Television&rft.atitle=The+Eady+Levy%3A+A+Runaway+Bribe%3F+Hollywood+Production+and+British+Subsidy+in+the+Early+1960s&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-20&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2FE174345210900065X&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F189537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eady_Levy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Var53-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Var53_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Var53_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Var53_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Var53_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/variety191-1953-09#page/n221/mode/1up">"British Pix Industry Given 1 Month To Decide on Voluntary Eady Plan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. 23 September 1953. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=British+Pix+Industry+Given+1+Month+To+Decide+on+Voluntary+Eady+Plan&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1953-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety191-1953-09%23page%2Fn221%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirisch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Mirisch, Walter</a> (27 February 2008). <i>I Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-22640-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-22640-4"><bdi>978-0-299-22640-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Thought+We+Were+Making+Movies%2C+Not+History&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft.isbn=978-0-299-22640-4&rft.aulast=Mirisch&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romer 1993 Table 12(a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Trade_and_Industry1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Department of Trade and Industry (19 July 1984). <i>Film policy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Command_paper" title="Command paper">Command papers</a>. Vol. Cmnd.9319. H.M.S.O. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780101931908" title="Special:BookSources/9780101931908"><bdi>9780101931908</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11661469">11661469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+policy&rft.series=Command+papers&rft.pub=H.M.S.O.&rft.date=1984-07-19&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11661469&rft.isbn=9780101931908&rft.au=Department+of+Trade+and+Industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.launchingfilms.com/research-databank/uk-cinema-admissions">"UK cinema admissions 1935 to date"</a>. <i>Launching Films</i>. Film Distributors' Association Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Launching+Films&rft.atitle=UK+cinema+admissions+1935+to+date&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.launchingfilms.com%2Fresearch-databank%2Fuk-cinema-admissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terramedia.co.uk/reference/law/UK_media_law/FilmsAct1985.htm">"UK media laws: Cinema and films Films Act 1985"</a>. <i>TerraMedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TerraMedia&rft.atitle=UK+media+laws%3A+Cinema+and+films+Films+Act+1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terramedia.co.uk%2Freference%2Flaw%2FUK_media_law%2FFilmsAct1985.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEady+Levy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Cinema of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Cinema of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cinema of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_British_films" title="Lists of British films">Films by year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_before_1920" title="List of British films before 1920">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1920" title="List of British films of 1920">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1921" title="List of British films of 1921">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1922" title="List of British films of 1922">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1923" title="List of British films of 1923">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1924" title="List of British films of 1924">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1925" title="List of British films of 1925">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1926" title="List of British films of 1926">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1927" title="List of British films of 1927">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1928" title="List of British films of 1928">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1929" title="List of British films of 1929">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1930" title="List of British films of 1930">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1931" title="List of British films of 1931">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1932" title="List of British films of 1932">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1933" title="List of British films of 1933">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1934" title="List of British films of 1934">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1935" title="List of British films of 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1936" title="List of British films of 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1937" title="List of British films of 1937">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1938" title="List of British films of 1938">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1939" title="List of British films of 1939">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1940" title="List of British films of 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1941" title="List of British films of 1941">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1942" title="List of British films of 1942">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1943" title="List of British films of 1943">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1944" title="List of British films of 1944">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1945" title="List of British films of 1945">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1946" title="List of British films of 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1947" title="List of British films of 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1948" title="List of British films of 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1949" title="List of British films of 1949">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1950" title="List of British films of 1950">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1951" title="List of British films of 1951">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1952" title="List of British films of 1952">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1953" title="List of British films of 1953">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1954" title="List of British films of 1954">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1955" title="List of British films of 1955">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1956" title="List of British films of 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1957" title="List of British films of 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1958" title="List of British films of 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1959" title="List of British films of 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1960" title="List of British films of 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1961" title="List of British films of 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1962" title="List of British films of 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1963" title="List of British films of 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1964" title="List of British films of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1965" title="List of British films of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1966" title="List of British films of 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1967" title="List of British films of 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1968" title="List of British films of 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1969" title="List of British films of 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1970" title="List of British films of 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1971" title="List of British films of 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1972" title="List of British films of 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1973" title="List of British films of 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1974" title="List of British films of 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1975" title="List of British films of 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1976" title="List of British films of 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1977" title="List of British films of 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1978" title="List of British films of 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1979" title="List of British films of 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1980" title="List of British films of 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1981" title="List of British films of 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1982" title="List of British films of 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1983" title="List of British films of 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1984" title="List of British films of 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1985" title="List of British films of 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1986" title="List of British films of 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1987" title="List of British films of 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1988" title="List of British films of 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1989" title="List of British films of 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1990" title="List of British films of 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1991" title="List of British films of 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1992" title="List of British films of 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1993" title="List of British films of 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1994" title="List of British films of 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1995" title="List of British films of 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1996" title="List of British films of 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1997" title="List of British films of 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1998" title="List of British films of 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1999" title="List of British films of 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2000" title="List of British films of 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2001" title="List of British films of 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2002" title="List of British films of 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2003" title="List of British films of 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2004" title="List of British films of 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2005" title="List of British films of 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2006" title="List of British films of 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2007" title="List of British films of 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2008" title="List of British films of 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2009" title="List of British films of 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2010" title="List of British films of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2011" title="List of British films of 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2012" title="List of British films of 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2013" title="List of British films of 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2014" title="List of British films of 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2015" title="List of British films of 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2016" title="List of British films of 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2017" title="List of British films of 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2018" title="List of British films of 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2019" title="List of British films of 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2020" title="List of British films of 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2021" title="List of British films of 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2022" title="List of British films of 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2023" title="List of British films of 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2024" title="List of British films of 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production companies<br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_film_studios" title="List of British film studios">studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardman_Animations" title="Aardman Animations">Aardman Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Film" title="BBC Film">BBC Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Talk_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Talk Productions">Big Talk Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Lion_Films" title="British Lion Films">British Lion Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Films" title="DNA Films">DNA Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Negative_(VFX)" class="mw-redirect" title="Double Negative (VFX)">Double Negative (VFX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_Studios" title="Ealing Studios">Ealing Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eon_Productions" title="Eon Productions">Eon Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4_Productions" title="Film4 Productions">Film4 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framestore" title="Framestore">Framestore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldcrest_Films" title="Goldcrest Films">Goldcrest Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_Film_Productions" title="Hammer Film Productions">Hammer Film Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HandMade_Films" title="HandMade Films">HandMade Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyday_Films" title="Heyday Films">Heyday Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginarium" title="The Imaginarium">The Imaginarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_Pictures" title="Jellyfish Pictures">Jellyfish Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Films" title="London Films">London Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longcross_Studios" title="Longcross Studios">Longcross Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Smith_Entertainment" title="Mister Smith Entertainment">Mister Smith Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_9_Films" title="Number 9 Films">Number 9 Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace Pictures">Palace Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Pictures" title="Passion Pictures">Passion Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Group" title="Pinewood Group">Pinewood Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Studios" title="Shepperton Studios">Shepperton Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recorded_Picture_Company" title="Recorded Picture Company">Recorded Picture Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Free_Productions" title="Scott Free Productions">Scott Free Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncopy_Inc." title="Syncopy Inc.">Syncopy Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_Films" title="Thin Man Films">Thin Man Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Films" title="Vertigo Films">Vertigo Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Leavesden" title="Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden">Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_Films" title="Warp Films">Warp Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Studios" title="Wimbledon Studios">Wimbledon Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amicus_Productions" title="Amicus Productions">Amicus Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Picture_Corporation" title="Associated British Picture Corporation">Associated British Picture Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Films" title="Astra Films">Astra Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Dominions_Imperial_Studios" title="British and Dominions Imperial Studios">British and Dominions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Instructional_Films" title="British Instructional Films">British Instructional Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Films_Company" title="British National Films Company">British National Films Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher%27s_Film_Service" title="Butcher's Film Service">Butcher's Film Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Film_Company" title="Clarendon Film Company">Clarendon Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_Films_(UK)" title="Bryanston Films (UK)">Bryanston Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Danzigers" title="The Danzigers">The Danzigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denham_Film_Studios" title="Denham Film Studios">Denham Film Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion_Films" title="Eagle-Lion Films">Eagle-Lion Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_Films" title="Eros Films">Eros Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._B._Samuelson_Productions" title="G. B. Samuelson Productions">G. B. Samuelson Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainsborough_Pictures" title="Gainsborough Pictures">Gainsborough Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_Studios" title="Gate Studios">Gate Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Film_Distributors" title="General Film Distributors">General Film Distributors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halas_and_Batchelor" title="Halas and Batchelor">Halas and Batchelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemdale_Film_Corporation" title="Hemdale Film Corporation">Hemdale Film Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepworth_Pictures" title="Hepworth Pictures">Hepworth Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_Film_Company" title="Ideal Film Company">Ideal Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Film_Company" title="London Film Company">London Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancunian_Films" title="Mancunian Films">Mancunian Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_Park_Studios" title="Merton Park Studios">Merton Park Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rank_Organisation" title="The Rank Organisation">The Rank Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">Rock Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southall_Studios" title="Southall Studios">Southall Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoll_Pictures" title="Stoll Pictures">Stoll Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempean_Films" title="Tempean Films">Tempean Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigon_British_Film_Productions" title="Tigon British Film Productions">Tigon British Film Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Films" title="Warwick Films">Warwick Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodfall_Film_Productions" title="Woodfall Film Productions">Woodfall Film Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolf_%26_Freedman_Film_Service" title="Woolf & Freedman Film Service">Woolf & Freedman Film Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_horror_cinema" title="British horror cinema">British horror cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_comedies" title="Ealing comedies">Ealing comedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainsborough_melodramas" title="Gainsborough melodramas">Gainsborough melodramas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFI_National_Archive" title="BFI National Archive">BFI National Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFI_Southbank" title="BFI Southbank">BFI Southbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="British Society of Cinematographers">British Society of Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Film_Foundation" title="Children's Film Foundation">Children's Film Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Exhibitors%27_Association" title="Cinema Exhibitors' Association">Cinema Exhibitors' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Screen" title="Northern Ireland Screen">Northern Ireland Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Screen">Scottish Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Film_Council" title="UK Film Council">UK Film Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_actors" title="List of British actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_film_directors" title="List of British film directors">Directors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United Kingdom">Box office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Independent_Film_Awards" title="British Independent Film Awards">British Independent Film Awards</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carry_On_(franchise)" title="Carry On (franchise)">Carry On</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Film censorship in the United Kingdom">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematograph_Films_Act_1927" title="Cinematograph Films Act 1927">Cinematograph Films Act 1927</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eady Levy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_film_certificates" title="History of British film certificates">History of British film certificates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Video_Charts" title="UK Video Charts">Home Video Charts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Production_of_the_James_Bond_films" title="Production of the James Bond films">James Bond</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFI_London_Film_Festival" title="BFI London Film Festival">London Film Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Look_at_Life_(film_series)" title="Look at Life (film series)">Look at Life</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_in_film" title="London in film">London in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_Live" title="National Theatre Live">National Theatre Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecinema" title="Telecinema">Telecinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cinema of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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