CINXE.COM
Åbo Akademi | Philosophy - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Åbo Akademi | Philosophy - Academia.edu</title> <!-- _ _ _ | | (_) | | __ _ ___ __ _ __| | ___ _ __ ___ _ __ _ ___ __| |_ _ / _` |/ __/ _` |/ _` |/ _ \ '_ ` _ \| |/ _` | / _ \/ _` | | | | | (_| | (_| (_| | (_| | __/ | | | | | | (_| || __/ (_| | |_| | \__,_|\___\__,_|\__,_|\___|_| |_| |_|_|\__,_(_)___|\__,_|\__,_| We're hiring! See https://www.academia.edu/hiring --> <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "departments", 'action': "show_works", 'controller_action': 'departments#show_works', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="jYUrbYN_NZT-zwxKVN9Q3KbGpm9jopo2uI8Ex5VSiD9ekb50Bl7hlXlNBeRCsAx1-q5AplBA-Umo3BDXGx_aZQ" /> <link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="Academia.edu is the platform to share, find, and explore 50 Million research papers. Join us to accelerate your research needs & academic interests." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'departments'; var $action_name = "show_works"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14016,"monthly_visitors":"97 million","monthly_visitor_count":97692212,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":97,"user_count":282974637,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739790434000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739790434000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a22f75d8519394c21253dae46c8c5d60ad36ea68c7d494347ec64229d8c1cf85.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5708a105dd66b4c7d0ef30b7c094b1048423f0042bd2a7b123f2d99ee3cf46d9.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://abo.academia.edu/Departments/Philosophy/Documents" /> </head> <!--[if gte IE 9 ]> <body class='ie ie9 c-departments a-show_works logged_out u-bgColorWhite'> <![endif]--> <!--[if !(IE) ]><!--> <body class='c-departments a-show_works logged_out u-bgColorWhite'> <!--<![endif]--> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- Event listeners for analytics --> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-xs no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more <span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less <span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft u-fs24 u-tcGrayDarkest"><span class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fw700 u-mr5x u-pr5x u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderRight1"><a href="https://abo.academia.edu/"><span class="u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarkest">Åbo Akademi</span></a></span><h1 class="u-m0x u-fw300 u-fs24 u-displayInline">Philosophy</h1></div><div class="u-floatRight u-mt1x"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline"><li class="u-floatLeft u-pr5x u-mr5x u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderRight1"><a href="https://abo.academia.edu/"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> All Departments</span></a></li><li class="u-floatLeft active"><a href="https://abo.academia.edu/Departments/Philosophy/Documents">235 Papers</a></li><li class="u-floatLeft"><a href="https://abo.academia.edu/Departments/Philosophy">20 Researchers</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="u-ph0x"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786552" data-work_id="786552" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786552/The_Study_of_Perception">The Study of Perception</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d22f95ab15a353dd24e463c0ee83ea2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680524,"asset_id":786552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680524/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786552, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786552", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786552; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786552"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786552]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786552").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786552").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786557" data-work_id="786557" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786557/Review_of_Hans_Herbert_Kogler_and_Karsten_R_Stueber_eds_Empathy_and_Agency_The_Problem_of_Understanding_in_the_Human_Sciences">Review of Hans Herbert Kogler and Karsten R. Stueber (eds), Empathy and Agency. The Problem of Understanding in the Human Sciences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786557" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b0b1769041860efd79e1a92b57b4602" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45063194,"asset_id":786557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45063194/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786557"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786557, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786557", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786557; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786557"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786557"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786557; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786557]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786557").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786557").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786557"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786557]'), work: {"id":786557,"title":"Review of Hans Herbert Kogler and Karsten R. Stueber (eds), Empathy and Agency. The Problem of Understanding in the Human Sciences","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:09.410-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786557/Review_of_Hans_Herbert_Kogler_and_Karsten_R_Stueber_eds_Empathy_and_Agency_The_Problem_of_Understanding_in_the_Human_Sciences","slug":"Review_of_Hans_Herbert_Kogler_and_Karsten_R_Stueber_eds_Empathy_and_Agency_The_Problem_of_Understanding_in_the_Human_Sciences","dom_id":"work_786557","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45063194,"asset_id":786557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45063194/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45063194/Kogler___Stueber.doc?1461577396=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Hans_Herbert_Kogler_and_Karste.doc\u0026Expires=1731820349\u0026Signature=UCS-tRD9zh6eyH3pAJXISpvOX0nN1SOcnYQs-5i~34vIGQd9LRsZZHXc04R99qYRfk91NfL7xzFtN2v64vgNWFcbr2v-SYh3I9-14zyExO8WdDCLrvDOADha4uX5QBQSkPr-p1h4z9ImopHcoLH6lqyq0mjYi~kJ5vcftb9R5-cy8guIL6-4xwdNO62b9AZL~AhxBS4KcutcJAiQLGSINRfT-Fd1Kf2s3nRHsAy29FY~godWJR~-cI64cgQCMrJwr-w4Ds~Y1SGv350dWkMriA22glNSzoUHet3VrgJsIHelklU6DWrAgj8GAj7IEg4W1B9ccZp1FLNfkbqIXNOoRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45063194/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45063194/mini_magick20190213-21070-x7jypw.png?1550057877"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45063194,"asset_id":786557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45063194/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45063194/Kogler___Stueber.doc?1461577396=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Hans_Herbert_Kogler_and_Karste.doc\u0026Expires=1731820349\u0026Signature=UCS-tRD9zh6eyH3pAJXISpvOX0nN1SOcnYQs-5i~34vIGQd9LRsZZHXc04R99qYRfk91NfL7xzFtN2v64vgNWFcbr2v-SYh3I9-14zyExO8WdDCLrvDOADha4uX5QBQSkPr-p1h4z9ImopHcoLH6lqyq0mjYi~kJ5vcftb9R5-cy8guIL6-4xwdNO62b9AZL~AhxBS4KcutcJAiQLGSINRfT-Fd1Kf2s3nRHsAy29FY~godWJR~-cI64cgQCMrJwr-w4Ds~Y1SGv350dWkMriA22glNSzoUHet3VrgJsIHelklU6DWrAgj8GAj7IEg4W1B9ccZp1FLNfkbqIXNOoRg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45063194/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45063194/mini_magick20190213-21070-x7jypw.png?1550057877"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":6,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2001,"publication_year_with_fallback":2001,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":55,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786558" data-work_id="786558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786558/THE_SLIDE_TOWARDS_SOLIPSISM_Draft_later_published_as_Experience_and_Consciousness_in_the_Shadow_of_Descartes_">THE SLIDE TOWARDS SOLIPSISM (Draft, later published as Experience and Consciousness in the Shadow of Descartes)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e19262aedd1f9699c020312ed2917c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680533,"asset_id":786558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680533/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786558", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786558"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786558").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786558").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786560" data-work_id="786560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786560/Wittgenstein_and_philosophical_psychology_essays_in_honour_of_Lars_Hertzberg_Edited_by_Christoffer_Gefwert_and_Olli_Lagerspetz">Wittgenstein and philosophical psychology: essays in honour of Lars Hertzberg. Edited by Christoffer Gefwert and Olli Lagerspetz</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f4fa56a7143c65e3c281ac5b47a68bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51239863,"asset_id":786560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239863/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786560", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786560"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786560").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786560").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786560"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786560]'), work: {"id":786560,"title":"Wittgenstein and philosophical psychology: essays in honour of Lars Hertzberg. Edited by Christoffer Gefwert and Olli Lagerspetz","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:09.655-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786560/Wittgenstein_and_philosophical_psychology_essays_in_honour_of_Lars_Hertzberg_Edited_by_Christoffer_Gefwert_and_Olli_Lagerspetz","slug":"Wittgenstein_and_philosophical_psychology_essays_in_honour_of_Lars_Hertzberg_Edited_by_Christoffer_Gefwert_and_Olli_Lagerspetz","dom_id":"work_786560","summary":null,"publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51239863,"asset_id":786560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239863/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239863/j.1467-9205.2010.01412.x20170107-1429-k9h9js-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWittgenstein_and_philosophical_psycholog.pdf\u0026Expires=1733351715\u0026Signature=PeHzLYRYgA3m1mI1pQK-WM--oBzbu~RZjSv5tvAdJByPLng4Mm5neyohfLzb4G~3uEVTCfINLLEPWT3-lr7IaCrBXxgjlEBfOaUQAgadZhTakk3c2Q8GbabbI4jCbQD4LrZHyoFM00IALmikgvywKo5r~1kJzND9onEVC5LdAEofOQh3887-xNK5LVIBZFoic34HNWFqZtoWAnfDiCjNFEJ9Fultcf5I1mLhSWdd8FcJ6qYiaz2C0PbZnLV4As7btr8XTh-LOtetCTajacJQzLdwyQIH36rDlMqHKr0KE4UfetozeuUuYNStSplJ8xHU5LZ8vAenXA~~OEKIKHZP7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239863/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239863/mini_magick20190126-6711-1ollkup.png?1548492770"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51239863,"asset_id":786560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239863/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239863/j.1467-9205.2010.01412.x20170107-1429-k9h9js-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWittgenstein_and_philosophical_psycholog.pdf\u0026Expires=1733351715\u0026Signature=PeHzLYRYgA3m1mI1pQK-WM--oBzbu~RZjSv5tvAdJByPLng4Mm5neyohfLzb4G~3uEVTCfINLLEPWT3-lr7IaCrBXxgjlEBfOaUQAgadZhTakk3c2Q8GbabbI4jCbQD4LrZHyoFM00IALmikgvywKo5r~1kJzND9onEVC5LdAEofOQh3887-xNK5LVIBZFoic34HNWFqZtoWAnfDiCjNFEJ9Fultcf5I1mLhSWdd8FcJ6qYiaz2C0PbZnLV4As7btr8XTh-LOtetCTajacJQzLdwyQIH36rDlMqHKr0KE4UfetozeuUuYNStSplJ8xHU5LZ8vAenXA~~OEKIKHZP7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239863/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239863/mini_magick20190126-6711-1ollkup.png?1548492770"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":5,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2009,"publication_year_with_fallback":2009,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":120,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786562" data-work_id="786562" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786562/NATIONAL_SELF_DETERMINATION_AND_SUB_STATE_GROUPS_Draft_later_published_as_National_Self_Determination_and_Ethnic_Minorities_">NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION AND SUB-STATE GROUPS (Draft, later published as National Self-Determination and Ethnic Minorities)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786562" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95694c24147edf313e3bed6fb67a7c89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680514,"asset_id":786562,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680514/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786562"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786562, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786562", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786562; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786562"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786562"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786562; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786562").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786562").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786563" data-work_id="786563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786563/TRUST_IN_WITTGENSTEIN_by_Olli_Lagerspetz_and_Lars_Hertzberg">TRUST IN WITTGENSTEIN by Olli Lagerspetz and Lars Hertzberg</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e611b9e62f888a9689565de60576fa69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680519,"asset_id":786563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680519/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786563", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786563; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786563"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786564" data-work_id="786564" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786564/_essay_is_to_demonstrate_that_thegrammarof_our_colour_descriptions_involves_complexities_that_would_fall_outside_the_scope_of_any_wholesale_reduction_of_colour_">… essay is to demonstrate that the'grammar'of our colour descriptions involves complexities that would fall outside the scope of any wholesale reduction of colour …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Draft; Comments welcome: <a href="mailto:olagersp@abo.fi" rel="nofollow">olagersp@abo.fi</a>) Olli Lagerspetz [Några engelska nyckelord: Ambient illumination = förhärskande belysning Aperture colour = 'öppningsfärg' (?), en (enhetlig) färg som man ser genom att titta genom en liten öppning... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_786564" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Draft; Comments welcome: <a href="mailto:olagersp@abo.fi" rel="nofollow">olagersp@abo.fi</a>) Olli Lagerspetz [Några engelska nyckelord: Ambient illumination = förhärskande belysning Aperture colour = 'öppningsfärg' (?), en (enhetlig) färg som man ser genom att titta genom en liten öppning i ett neutralt material (t ex tub av grå papp). (Poängen är att omgivningen 'neutraliseras'.) Chromatic colour = kromatisk färg, dvs inte vit, grå eller svart. ] Hue, lightness/ tone (brightness), saturation = nyans, ljushet (intensitet), mättnad (tre dimensioner som används för klassificering av färger på ytor resp. färgat ljus) Illuminant = ljuskälla Incandescent light = ljus av glödlampa, elektriskt ljus Incident radiation = strålning som träffar en yta Spectral power distribution, spectral reflectance distribution = spektralstyrkefördelning, spektralreflektansfördelning (av ljus), dvs de relativa styrkorna av olika delar av spektrum i ett ljus. Wavelength, frequency = våglängd, frekvens (t ex av ljus; står i omvänd proportion till varandra) I. GENERAL REMARKS</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786564" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8932ccb45030ba0987c5baa36ccd8c58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680515,"asset_id":786564,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680515/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786564 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786564"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786564, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786564", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786564 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786564; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786564"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786564 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786564"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786564; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786564]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786564").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786564").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786565" data-work_id="786565" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786565/Anscombe_on_the_Moral_Ought_and_Moral_Corruption">Anscombe on the Moral Ought and Moral Corruption</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786565" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="940dd96c6d11004c27dfe076372ed88e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34455240,"asset_id":786565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34455240/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786565"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786565, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786565", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786565; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786565"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786565"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786565; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786565]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786565").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786565").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786565"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1124477" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Papers">Philosophical Papers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1124477" type="text/json">{"id":1124477,"name":"Philosophical Papers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Papers","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786565]'), work: {"id":786565,"title":"Anscombe on the Moral Ought and Moral Corruption","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:09.948-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786565/Anscombe_on_the_Moral_Ought_and_Moral_Corruption","slug":"Anscombe_on_the_Moral_Ought_and_Moral_Corruption","dom_id":"work_786565","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Papers","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Papers","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34455240,"asset_id":786565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34455240/Anscombe_Lagerspetz_2006.doc?1408164528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnscombe_on_the_Moral_Ought_and_Moral_Co.rtf\u0026Expires=1736846579\u0026Signature=dCG13fLyqHBczIIcC40HjzIj5tbYfxkvRq0OXADxIbdMMo2vIQSvcLQ7aoYrZd3NUTQ1wbqykooefmhj5iKmAnBVHFW2NatFJNihQCLN6l2Uxne~reLDZFegJfUPO~CEf-4wfjVv~j2~YNmPCrMa1QIu7NtJC2rGR9vXKRzlovNAJzS0nES3pjrM2Z3DRggAheLqxmoeslgSSZb00Uv11dM1PdRxYiopgLo~3LbpfM2tYewEdWq~tSJrjwfRJSJPdJ0PCrG46gQtDjj4VQOqdwPpBXCY~PnsYnboTLxIxUqGw7FQ09WGWHzXV5qt4sGJ8IWRj5F4A4ZmRk~BtchdCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34455240/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/34455240/mini_magick20190323-28692-lrljm0.png?1553344348"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":34455240,"asset_id":786565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34455240/Anscombe_Lagerspetz_2006.doc?1408164528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnscombe_on_the_Moral_Ought_and_Moral_Co.rtf\u0026Expires=1736846579\u0026Signature=dCG13fLyqHBczIIcC40HjzIj5tbYfxkvRq0OXADxIbdMMo2vIQSvcLQ7aoYrZd3NUTQ1wbqykooefmhj5iKmAnBVHFW2NatFJNihQCLN6l2Uxne~reLDZFegJfUPO~CEf-4wfjVv~j2~YNmPCrMa1QIu7NtJC2rGR9vXKRzlovNAJzS0nES3pjrM2Z3DRggAheLqxmoeslgSSZb00Uv11dM1PdRxYiopgLo~3LbpfM2tYewEdWq~tSJrjwfRJSJPdJ0PCrG46gQtDjj4VQOqdwPpBXCY~PnsYnboTLxIxUqGw7FQ09WGWHzXV5qt4sGJ8IWRj5F4A4ZmRk~BtchdCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34455240/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/34455240/mini_magick20190323-28692-lrljm0.png?1553344348"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":false,"page_count":27,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":1124477,"name":"Philosophical Papers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Papers","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2006,"publication_year_with_fallback":2006,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":376,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786566" data-work_id="786566" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786566/Review_of_The_Triumph_of_Practice_over_Theory_in_Ethics_By_James_P_Sterba">Review of The Triumph of Practice over Theory in EthicsBy James P. Sterba</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786566" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc696acdcc296db8d69c1270135bc594" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51239862,"asset_id":786566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239862/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786566 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786566"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786566, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786566", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786566 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786566; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786566"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786566 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786566"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786566; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786566]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786566").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786566").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786566"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786566]'), work: {"id":786566,"title":"Review of The Triumph of Practice over Theory in EthicsBy James P. Sterba","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:10.003-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786566/Review_of_The_Triumph_of_Practice_over_Theory_in_Ethics_By_James_P_Sterba","slug":"Review_of_The_Triumph_of_Practice_over_Theory_in_Ethics_By_James_P_Sterba","dom_id":"work_786566","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51239862,"asset_id":786566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239862/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239862/j.1467-9205.2007.00318.x20170107-17467-1bfa5fd-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_The_Triumph_of_Practice_over_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733698914\u0026Signature=JHZQXcK9R3AfpjfD4VGnh2AKisFMkppKP1S3KR1OPuFxyo6Rji1UMsYkLqvMsrdkBz0MCC8rQmAM2GnH9B~vmQv6yNPX7mazTcNRR7KWCfCTPm29-0UffENoQ35EoRM7asyEh3CSqE17CalEz6pA37qZwemIPp3nZW2IDd8zZO4zRMxw76759HlaE0uG24dRD6HJ0Pr0syi-QHFM8cnef8xVy0~ubjSG5M8-383po-fSITsKh~LokONtpio-apQMKZNfDE6GTdVa94tAtefFQ48JHsgL3VoCbPQS~K60NEdH~jj3prg8uaB4mAwYZDm0WPIWX8-I-9qszJG8bxtMiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239862/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239862/mini_magick20190126-32752-18wgnhy.png?1548492772"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51239862,"asset_id":786566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239862/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239862/j.1467-9205.2007.00318.x20170107-17467-1bfa5fd-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_The_Triumph_of_Practice_over_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733698914\u0026Signature=JHZQXcK9R3AfpjfD4VGnh2AKisFMkppKP1S3KR1OPuFxyo6Rji1UMsYkLqvMsrdkBz0MCC8rQmAM2GnH9B~vmQv6yNPX7mazTcNRR7KWCfCTPm29-0UffENoQ35EoRM7asyEh3CSqE17CalEz6pA37qZwemIPp3nZW2IDd8zZO4zRMxw76759HlaE0uG24dRD6HJ0Pr0syi-QHFM8cnef8xVy0~ubjSG5M8-383po-fSITsKh~LokONtpio-apQMKZNfDE6GTdVa94tAtefFQ48JHsgL3VoCbPQS~K60NEdH~jj3prg8uaB4mAwYZDm0WPIWX8-I-9qszJG8bxtMiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239862/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239862/mini_magick20190126-32752-18wgnhy.png?1548492772"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":10,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2007,"publication_year_with_fallback":2007,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":48,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786567" data-work_id="786567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786567/Reply_to_Professor_DeAngelis">Reply to Professor DeAngelis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64b515f3e4d2be151fa08101dda22982" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51239860,"asset_id":786567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239860/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786567", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786567"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786567").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786567").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786567"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786567]'), work: {"id":786567,"title":"Reply to Professor DeAngelis","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:10.062-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786567/Reply_to_Professor_DeAngelis","slug":"Reply_to_Professor_DeAngelis","dom_id":"work_786567","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51239860,"asset_id":786567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239860/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239860/j.1467-9205.2009.01402.x20170107-1429-1tis9hm-libre.pdf?1483831616=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReply_to_Professor_DeAngelis.pdf\u0026Expires=1738450368\u0026Signature=aKio7ap71gkSNUotWsJK6UbUg-oDWoXJT5l51c9PHT3Dy~OFVIEKOY-F3bbrE7E7lKIDxJJMZ778BCi~71mQGgZFCVVxDHJMSl4CClPRcrgxwq6UroFdmTmT0p2AU~BJWNs9u6ZH7xf-BmEdPMLWMvPAFzxtlXBNqgUTk~w4fD-ljDRsTfbk36KOVJRhHaHENyMsXrGS2SSa8jBRAzDZCEmMBY0wcdSfaUE8lIIdSFTJ059gS-17CPu6FsVDFdM8jkogPvDxL1opnhE7hsBqLd5DE6WpIP~n5I44n8g-IgcMXRCroIygpUG23eJxL8HogTePenCscJXEJjJRb8zL2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239860/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239860/mini_magick20190126-17942-tsial.png?1548492779"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51239860,"asset_id":786567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239860/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239860/j.1467-9205.2009.01402.x20170107-1429-1tis9hm-libre.pdf?1483831616=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReply_to_Professor_DeAngelis.pdf\u0026Expires=1738450368\u0026Signature=aKio7ap71gkSNUotWsJK6UbUg-oDWoXJT5l51c9PHT3Dy~OFVIEKOY-F3bbrE7E7lKIDxJJMZ778BCi~71mQGgZFCVVxDHJMSl4CClPRcrgxwq6UroFdmTmT0p2AU~BJWNs9u6ZH7xf-BmEdPMLWMvPAFzxtlXBNqgUTk~w4fD-ljDRsTfbk36KOVJRhHaHENyMsXrGS2SSa8jBRAzDZCEmMBY0wcdSfaUE8lIIdSFTJ059gS-17CPu6FsVDFdM8jkogPvDxL1opnhE7hsBqLd5DE6WpIP~n5I44n8g-IgcMXRCroIygpUG23eJxL8HogTePenCscJXEJjJRb8zL2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239860/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239860/mini_magick20190126-17942-tsial.png?1548492779"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":4,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2010,"publication_year_with_fallback":2010,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":13,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786568" data-work_id="786568" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786568/Descartes_Error_with_Reference_to_the_Third_and_Fourth_Meditations">Descartes' Error, with Reference to the Third and Fourth Meditations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786568" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f70ef92bfb286de264790df805953802" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38012983,"asset_id":786568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38012983/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786568"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786568, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786568", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786568; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786568"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786568 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786568"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786568; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786568]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786568").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786568").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786568"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criticism">Criticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56663" type="text/json">{"id":56663,"name":"Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criticism","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786568]'), work: {"id":786568,"title":"Descartes' Error, with Reference to the Third and Fourth Meditations","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:10.184-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786568/Descartes_Error_with_Reference_to_the_Third_and_Fourth_Meditations","slug":"Descartes_Error_with_Reference_to_the_Third_and_Fourth_Meditations","dom_id":"work_786568","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38012983,"asset_id":786568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38012983/Descartes_error_29.4.10.doc?1738216182=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDescartes_Error_with_Reference_to_the_Th.doc\u0026Expires=1738486431\u0026Signature=DXmfKE~c5GjmzvzPDoQEDn-CC7XqNQ58oSmbeYffBjoBu1n2fu7kfdW5ByUYusG1dJIY5FOcaLd~hekiF5LErxGWB7Htret-AeLTbWvHUEROtbjssAsoqaNrDPvHRpSZi1vuKAxnksffm1kb27rjHjLXASTmm3CWMZU4MdLsNDqWg6M0H0JyKrqMHGZLjtgvpeSqe30AqaQjQ8WSWMcANOWhSPLl2uQdo91zsz4BzFdu3y~RhOdNiMdQMqcf7a4d3ujpaQ8V0yrvSjKGiGucqrO2RWLIU1ZASYP2zKGO7nTFPNItBOPtpSzIF0~5VU7LVQJRcKOM0dmnnTpgn-DHjA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38012983/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/38012983/mini_magick20190226-11726-1hnkg7u.png?1551247976"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":38012983,"asset_id":786568,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38012983/Descartes_error_29.4.10.doc?1738216182=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDescartes_Error_with_Reference_to_the_Th.doc\u0026Expires=1738486431\u0026Signature=DXmfKE~c5GjmzvzPDoQEDn-CC7XqNQ58oSmbeYffBjoBu1n2fu7kfdW5ByUYusG1dJIY5FOcaLd~hekiF5LErxGWB7Htret-AeLTbWvHUEROtbjssAsoqaNrDPvHRpSZi1vuKAxnksffm1kb27rjHjLXASTmm3CWMZU4MdLsNDqWg6M0H0JyKrqMHGZLjtgvpeSqe30AqaQjQ8WSWMcANOWhSPLl2uQdo91zsz4BzFdu3y~RhOdNiMdQMqcf7a4d3ujpaQ8V0yrvSjKGiGucqrO2RWLIU1ZASYP2zKGO7nTFPNItBOPtpSzIF0~5VU7LVQJRcKOM0dmnnTpgn-DHjA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38012983/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/38012983/mini_magick20190226-11726-1hnkg7u.png?1551247976"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":20,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":56663,"name":"Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criticism","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":395,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786569" data-work_id="786569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786569/Review_of_On_Humanism_By_Richard_Norman">Review of On Humanism By Richard Norman</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b06babf7bf6c01a29a2490a66707e363" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51239867,"asset_id":786569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239867/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786569", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786569; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786569"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786569; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786569").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786569").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="786569"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations">Philosophical investigations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106903" type="text/json">{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=786569]'), work: {"id":786569,"title":"Review of On Humanism By Richard Norman","created_at":"2011-07-29T00:15:10.238-07:00","owner_id":68339,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/786569/Review_of_On_Humanism_By_Richard_Norman","slug":"Review_of_On_Humanism_By_Richard_Norman","dom_id":"work_786569","summary":null,"publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51239867,"asset_id":786569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239867/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239867/j.1467-9205.2006.00302_2.x20170107-1420-lkuvse-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_On_Humanism_By_Richard_Norman.pdf\u0026Expires=1736501229\u0026Signature=Ynqnmp-hF84WtzSxM6Qk1urTsjMmwbC64BrBaF7KrFEQL8vopxFaUPMFOsBmdOCYQB7ysuiovN0HAim54z4ZvMn3EOsWf0Ceh71Omh~87JBSfCXgCzCahB8FvTTwA9wTmqb7wmiKsQ4eghNGR8Cq~mQP-hUzu15B~K72UmGRd~VqAPRIsYoVZcsXiBJ0Emyyh1oX~zOukkAZoDyPYtbHcgfBRpmoha90WWB~xbGDoThgMC6s9pDeE6Wp6g8nmCIDWy9F7Lyq~54z6IRw2z2bVDtVx6wqQrzVkWqjkgW~RTMrO8D56Ehz2CECOzjJMzk9W2K4mpf83eCicerx9~qyfg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239867/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239867/mini_magick20190126-12605-1qzjki.png?1548492783"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51239867,"asset_id":786569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51239867/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51239867/j.1467-9205.2006.00302_2.x20170107-1420-lkuvse-libre.pdf?1483831615=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_On_Humanism_By_Richard_Norman.pdf\u0026Expires=1736501230\u0026Signature=QyxzIPFmc~50xIzWb-HAPya1kFDSTEGXKsPK4PaicCR37EdlNx9pbvdiVhTGnIyq8NI12r3LJM-vob9P4EsOi-JJgnM356WsSItI6fWUGtVWTcZP58BDFSHVlXlShy9Zo-uvji7PNz6rzTlvD78j1Rm3DGVFGLqBbvQa0vf7moxZX5ak9y7bbo9QcKyn5I1M6t05IsXsh2DWKkSJdAAVVEnwpNStLh9y6JFmIFzgjYUxWDeqh5vJUMVWFQD71az4bHvIR13DDOgSpN1UXwpmLwA3mc5jnSNTmbGO3Js6c-bWjS33De4tuoUOG4Z3PY1aAeIQ4k0ihxvoncfX5gLf0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51239867/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51239867/mini_magick20190126-12605-1qzjki.png?1548492783"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":18,"ordered_authors":[{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2006,"publication_year_with_fallback":2006,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":199,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786571" data-work_id="786571" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786571/Maisema_ja_ihmisen_biologia">Maisema ja ihmisen biologia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786571" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e18949269e7e419b0ae1588700bb4e90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680516,"asset_id":786571,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680516/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786571"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786571, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786571", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786571; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786571"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786571"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786571; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786571]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786571").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786571").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786572" data-work_id="786572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786572/%C3%84r_samh%C3%A4llet_baserat_p%C3%A5_tillit">Är samhället baserat på tillit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ni ser att detta inte är den utlovade texten om Winch och den kritiska sociala teorin. Jag slår istället ett slag för återvinningen. Trots att en stor del av vad jag kommer att säga här är bekant för många av er (och mig själv), så är jag... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_786572" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ni ser att detta inte är den utlovade texten om Winch och den kritiska sociala teorin. Jag slår istället ett slag för återvinningen. Trots att en stor del av vad jag kommer att säga här är bekant för många av er (och mig själv), så är jag ändå tacksam för kommentarer. Adressaten för denna text är en norsk sociologisk tidskrift som har bett mig bidra till sitt temanummer om tillit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="432573cddbfa52ad404a46beab49f736" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680517,"asset_id":786572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680517/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786577" data-work_id="786577" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786577/Onko_likainen_kielletty%C3%A4_Lian_k%C3%A4site_filosofiassa_ja_kulttuuriantropologiassa">Onko likainen kiellettyä? Lian käsite filosofiassa ja kulttuuriantropologiassa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Für die Chemie gibt es keinen Dreck, esitti jo Justus von Liebig. Lika ei kuulu kemian eikä yleensäkään luonnontieteen teoriaan, mutta myös ihmistieteiden puolella sen asema on epäselvä. Käsiteltäessä likaa teoreettisissa yhteyksissä... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_786577" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Für die Chemie gibt es keinen Dreck, esitti jo Justus von Liebig. Lika ei kuulu kemian eikä yleensäkään luonnontieteen teoriaan, mutta myös ihmistieteiden puolella sen asema on epäselvä. Käsiteltäessä likaa teoreettisissa yhteyksissä erilaiset reduktionismin muodot ovat tulleet normiksi. Lian ei ajatella olevan todella likaa, vaan pohjimmiltaan jotakin muuta. Kulttuuriantropologiassa likaa käsitellään yhteydessä rituaalisiin puhtauskäytäntöihin. Yleistäen voi sanoa, että käsitteen likainen ajatellaan olevan läheisemmässä yhteydessä käsitteeseen kielletty kuin esimerkiksi käsitteeseen ruosteinen. Reduktionismi ei kuitenkaan ole suoraa seurausta antropologisesta aineistosta, vaan liittyy pikemminkin perinteisiin filosofisiin taustaoletuksiin. Se voidaan välttää, jos huomioidaan ympäristöämme koskevien kuvausten käytäntösidonnaisuus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5110d07ba247746324324e03f5c8ec51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680518,"asset_id":786577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680518/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786577"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786577, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786577", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786577; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786577"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786577"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786577; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786577]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786577").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786577").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_786578" data-work_id="786578" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/786578/SMUTS_OCH_RENLIGHET">SMUTS OCH RENLIGHET</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indelningen i rent och smutsigt genomsyrar våra liv. Få mänskliga verksamheter kan bedrivas utan att vid åtminstone något tillfälle ta hänsyn till den. Redan därför kan ämnet vara värt en bok till -utöver de mycket få som redan skrivits.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_786578" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indelningen i rent och smutsigt genomsyrar våra liv. Få mänskliga verksamheter kan bedrivas utan att vid åtminstone något tillfälle ta hänsyn till den. Redan därför kan ämnet vara värt en bok till -utöver de mycket få som redan skrivits. Inte, Gud förbjude, för att en filosof skulle behöva utarbeta praktiska riktlinjer för hur vi ska handskas med smuts. Men vad är ändå en filosofi som glömmer reflektera över det mänskliga livets villkor? Smutsens ständiga närvaro står i bjärt kontrast till bristen på teoretisk reflektion kring temat. Kanske det är naturligt: "vi vet inte vem som först upptäckte vattnet, men vi kan vara rätt så säkra på att det inte var fiskarna". Jag vill inleda min egen reflexion med konstaterandet att smuts är smuts och ingenting annat, smuts är 'sui generis'. Trots att motsatsparet 'rent/smutsigt' är som en stor mängd andra distinktioner kan det inte återföras till någon av dessa. Detta kanske inte kommer som en överraskning -även om den motsatta ståndpunkten lever och mår bra i dagens filosofi och antropologi. Ett konstaterande av att smuts är smuts är närmast värdefullt som en begynnelse, en utgångspunkt för en närmare beskrivning av dess egenart. Diskussioner kring smutsighetens exakta sätt att likna resp. skilja sig från andra kategorier hjälper oss placera in den i ett landskap.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/786578" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2494e035c9eb22b651e6fab7d4dc90f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4680520,"asset_id":786578,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4680520/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68339" href="https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz">Olli Lagerspetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68339" type="text/json">{"id":68339,"first_name":"Olli","last_name":"Lagerspetz","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"OlliLagerspetz","display_name":"Olli Lagerspetz","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/OlliLagerspetz","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_786578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="786578"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 786578, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_786578", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_786578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_786578"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_786578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="786578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 786578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=786578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_786578").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_786578").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2913749" data-work_id="2913749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2913749/Lost_and_Found_Selfhood_and_Subjectivity_in_Love">Lost and Found: Selfhood and Subjectivity in Love</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sartre's conception of bad faith suggests that every desire to be someone in love is self‐deceptive in the attempt to define my factual being. Departing from İlham Dilman's discussion of personal identity, I argue that this view on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2913749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sartre's conception of bad faith suggests that every desire to be someone in love is self‐deceptive in the attempt to define my factual being. Departing from İlham Dilman's discussion of personal identity, I argue that this view on selfhood is inattentive to the kind of personal and moral reflection inherent in asking who I am. There is a temptation in love to deceive myself and you by renouncing responsibility. Yet the concept also embodies demands that allow me to continuously shape myself into a loving subject by scrutinising my responses and by asking whether they are expressive of love or not.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2913749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="162f935d824d542d8ac929cf044eda33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30848725,"asset_id":2913749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848725/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99686" href="https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist">Camilla Kronqvist</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99686" type="text/json">{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2913749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2913749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2913749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2913749", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2913749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2913749; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2913749"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2913749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2913749"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2913749; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2913749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2913749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2913749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2913749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18900" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love">Philosophy of Love</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18900" type="text/json">{"id":18900,"name":"Philosophy of Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity">Subjectivity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54659" type="text/json">{"id":54659,"name":"Subjectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Responsibility">Moral Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96714" type="text/json">{"id":96714,"name":"Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Responsibility","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selfhood">Selfhood</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="219221" type="text/json">{"id":219221,"name":"Selfhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selfhood","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2913749]'), work: {"id":2913749,"title":"Lost and Found: Selfhood and Subjectivity in Love","created_at":"2013-03-05T18:57:52.436-08:00","owner_id":99686,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/2913749/Lost_and_Found_Selfhood_and_Subjectivity_in_Love","slug":"Lost_and_Found_Selfhood_and_Subjectivity_in_Love","dom_id":"work_2913749","summary":"Sartre's conception of bad faith suggests that every desire to be someone in love is self‐deceptive in the attempt to define my factual being. Departing from İlham Dilman's discussion of personal identity, I argue that this view on selfhood is inattentive to the kind of personal and moral reflection inherent in asking who I am. There is a temptation in love to deceive myself and you by renouncing responsibility. Yet the concept also embodies demands that allow me to continuously shape myself into a loving subject by scrutinising my responses and by asking whether they are expressive of love or not.","publication":"Philosophical Investigations","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical Investigations","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30848725,"asset_id":2913749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30848725/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30848725/Lost_and_Found.doc?1738044317=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLost_and_Found_Selfhood_and_Subjectivity.doc\u0026Expires=1739222823\u0026Signature=X6AOqXztnJ8FpxODF7psQZYwd2Y4MfZaM2iPqC2QlIIMumFCDwvsSFwvKU~Pf3FP1q8CfVqinnGiTvc6kn~57yVQUS9FQP~uy0oROZEv1E36w44U44IS2O5r0L9mOfhEkYgtSb98h2OYacflLsH2-OyYtzMDh-LaXdLGOqVBeznnE1i9w45rXcib1kroKUwa87EbNBqCYnDaGbeCFlLl6lhMx6bngmcaBG3eGYbtxa5FXEuwy3iCy5MmussXJsCbOagJSVvEdoj8dI6hwkNngzfT9xMDl3itGrzS-rQhRkcCkh9uk3QRIRAuEnbS6fwVlE3WpsCOCpVjuoZIItMdSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848725/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30848725/mini_magick20190426-8560-ld8jft.png?1556310468"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":30848725,"asset_id":2913749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30848725/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30848725/Lost_and_Found.doc?1738044317=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLost_and_Found_Selfhood_and_Subjectivity.doc\u0026Expires=1739222823\u0026Signature=X6AOqXztnJ8FpxODF7psQZYwd2Y4MfZaM2iPqC2QlIIMumFCDwvsSFwvKU~Pf3FP1q8CfVqinnGiTvc6kn~57yVQUS9FQP~uy0oROZEv1E36w44U44IS2O5r0L9mOfhEkYgtSb98h2OYacflLsH2-OyYtzMDh-LaXdLGOqVBeznnE1i9w45rXcib1kroKUwa87EbNBqCYnDaGbeCFlLl6lhMx6bngmcaBG3eGYbtxa5FXEuwy3iCy5MmussXJsCbOagJSVvEdoj8dI6hwkNngzfT9xMDl3itGrzS-rQhRkcCkh9uk3QRIRAuEnbS6fwVlE3WpsCOCpVjuoZIItMdSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848725/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30848725/mini_magick20190426-8560-ld8jft.png?1556310468"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":18,"ordered_authors":[{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18900,"name":"Philosophy of Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love","nofollow":true},{"id":54659,"name":"Subjectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity","nofollow":true},{"id":96714,"name":"Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Responsibility","nofollow":true},{"id":219221,"name":"Selfhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selfhood","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2012,"publication_year_with_fallback":2012,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":105,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2913754" data-work_id="2913754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2913754/The_Promise_that_Love_Will_Last">The Promise that Love Will Last</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What sense are we to make of the promise of love against the contingency of human life? I discuss two replies to this question: (1) the suggestion that marriage, based on the probable success of this kind of relationship, is a more or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2913754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What sense are we to make of the promise of love against the contingency of human life? I discuss two replies to this question: (1) the suggestion that marriage, based on the probable success of this kind of relationship, is a more or less worthwhile endeavour (cf. Moller and Landau), and (2) Martha Nussbaum’s Aristotelian proposal that we only live life fully if we embrace aspects of life, such as loving relationships, that are vulnerable to fortune. I show that both responses, in different ways, depend on the presupposition that the sense of our promises to love is dependent on our ability to make predictions. The philosophers I discuss assume an epistemological standpoint from which we may attempt to judge whether it is in our general interest to love. I argue that embracing such a perspective by itself leads our attention away from the kind of personal and moral engagement in other people of which our promises to love are expressive. From the perspective of love, the attempt to calculate the risks and gains of loving itself appears as a moral failure to be present to the reality of other people.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2913754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64ad73205e33c23788043000a2bea16b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30848742,"asset_id":2913754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848742/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99686" href="https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist">Camilla Kronqvist</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99686" type="text/json">{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2913754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2913754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2913754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2913754", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2913754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2913754; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2913754"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2913754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2913754"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2913754; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2913754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2913754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2913754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2913754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i> <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a> </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18900" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love">Philosophy of Love</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18900" type="text/json">{"id":18900,"name":"Philosophy of Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="306075" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Promises">Promises</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="306075" type="text/json">{"id":306075,"name":"Promises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Promises","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2913754]'), work: {"id":2913754,"title":"The Promise that Love Will Last","created_at":"2013-03-05T18:58:33.633-08:00","owner_id":99686,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/2913754/The_Promise_that_Love_Will_Last","slug":"The_Promise_that_Love_Will_Last","dom_id":"work_2913754","summary":"What sense are we to make of the promise of love against the contingency of human life? I discuss two replies to this question: (1) the suggestion that marriage, based on the probable success of this kind of relationship, is a more or less worthwhile endeavour (cf. Moller and Landau), and (2) Martha Nussbaum’s Aristotelian proposal that we only live life fully if we embrace aspects of life, such as loving relationships, that are vulnerable to fortune. I show that both responses, in different ways, depend on the presupposition that the sense of our promises to love is dependent on our ability to make predictions. The philosophers I discuss assume an epistemological standpoint from which we may attempt to judge whether it is in our general interest to love. I argue that embracing such a perspective by itself leads our attention away from the kind of personal and moral engagement in other people of which our promises to love are expressive. From the perspective of love, the attempt to calculate the risks and gains of loving itself appears as a moral failure to be present to the reality of other people.\r\n","publication":"Inquiry","publication_with_fallback":"Inquiry","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30848742,"asset_id":2913754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30848742/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30848742/The_promise_love_will_last_Inquiry_09.12.2009.doc?1738044318=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Promise_that_Love_Will_Last.doc\u0026Expires=1739668370\u0026Signature=TrAvE7tE2GYDn6hnOCXnx8D6bc3HeYYoOzvZSZjIp9nhS8oboNsJ1hqHgS50z2ZQzIRxn8HCy2hZkMfdACIL6NAA5dztXHL3FsIghXFYg61CZ6ozZPzYOdyQ~3Kf9QcfwMr67lCYSWIcRQ8MZfOrcx02PUNRHtbJLAOYMbWgVJtfqi2tkLwx83ImoLVJ6DbjqZmKPGhaKNpEKEJTja9cFLKZRpHqrXMyal5ixH7QYfWlUZajPLFWW3EVhIcMbvK~8bqsLnURP0Qjt81QZKQVWsdztr2wPD-mGVHwthD4A2Z6X1tsljKkKEL7vKnfyA87jB2RHFaOxnvsT3887SmMyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848742/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30848742/mini_magick20190426-30873-1vkrdcj.png?1556310466"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":30848742,"asset_id":2913754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30848742/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30848742/The_promise_love_will_last_Inquiry_09.12.2009.doc?1738044318=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Promise_that_Love_Will_Last.doc\u0026Expires=1739668370\u0026Signature=TrAvE7tE2GYDn6hnOCXnx8D6bc3HeYYoOzvZSZjIp9nhS8oboNsJ1hqHgS50z2ZQzIRxn8HCy2hZkMfdACIL6NAA5dztXHL3FsIghXFYg61CZ6ozZPzYOdyQ~3Kf9QcfwMr67lCYSWIcRQ8MZfOrcx02PUNRHtbJLAOYMbWgVJtfqi2tkLwx83ImoLVJ6DbjqZmKPGhaKNpEKEJTja9cFLKZRpHqrXMyal5ixH7QYfWlUZajPLFWW3EVhIcMbvK~8bqsLnURP0Qjt81QZKQVWsdztr2wPD-mGVHwthD4A2Z6X1tsljKkKEL7vKnfyA87jB2RHFaOxnvsT3887SmMyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30848742/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30848742/mini_magick20190426-30873-1vkrdcj.png?1556310466"}],"has_pdf":false,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":28,"ordered_authors":[{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18900,"name":"Philosophy of Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love","nofollow":true},{"id":306075,"name":"Promises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Promises","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2011,"publication_year_with_fallback":2011,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":70,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7356735" data-work_id="7356735" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7356735/K%C3%A4nsla_och_sj%C3%A4lvk%C3%A4nnedom_Tal_om_k%C3%A4nslor_i_intervjubaserad_forskning">Känsla och självkännedom: Tal om känslor i intervjubaserad forskning</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tänkespråket "Känn dig själv!" lär ha stått ingraverat i förtemplet till Apollons tempel i Delfi. Det har ofta använts som utgångspunkt för att beskriva den sokratiska filosofin, med betoning på att kritiskt pröva sina tankar och komma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7356735" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tänkespråket "Känn dig själv!" lär ha stått ingraverat i förtemplet till Apollons tempel i Delfi. Det har ofta använts som utgångspunkt för att beskriva den sokratiska filosofin, med betoning på att kritiskt pröva sina tankar och komma till insikt om var man verkligen står i en fråga. 1 Denna uppmaning till kritisk självgranskning kunde tas som ett motto för all humanistisk och kulturvetenskaplig forskning. Den fungerar som en påminnelse om att denna typ av forskning alltid innefattar ett moment av självkännedom för forskaren. Att komma i kontakt med olika mänskliga praktiker och berättelser, och analysera deras betydelse, ställer mig som forskare inför frågan vad dessa möjliga sätt att leva och ge livet mening innebär för mig personligen. Till vilken grad kan jag som forskare identifiera mig med olika sätt att leva? Vad berättar min förmåga att förstå, och inte förstå, om mig som människa? Frågan om självkännedom är relevant här, eftersom mitt sätt att som forskare beskriva och analysera mitt forskningsmaterial omedvetet präglas av vad jag som människa kan slås av som meningsfullt eller snarast obegripligt i de aspekter av människors [<a href="http://www.elore.fi/arkisto/2_12/kronqvist.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.elore.fi/arkisto/2_12/kronqvist.pdf</a>] Camilla Kronqvist: Känsla och självkännedom Elore 2/2012 120 Camilla Kronqvist: Känsla och självkännedom Elore 2/2012 132</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7356735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb8e24ce056e7da90c4a09eed35a5e0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33960276,"asset_id":7356735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33960276/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99686" href="https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist">Camilla Kronqvist</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99686" type="text/json">{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7356735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7356735"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7356735, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7356735", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7356735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7356735; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7356735"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7356735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7356735"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7356735; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7356735]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7356735").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7356735").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7356920" data-work_id="7356920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7356920/What_we_talk_about_when_we_talk_about_love_dissertation_">What we talk about when we talk about love (dissertation)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7356920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e53c8756408e05d30a9c9eada50c51b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33960329,"asset_id":7356920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33960329/download_file?st=MTczOTc5MDQzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99686" href="https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist">Camilla Kronqvist</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99686" type="text/json">{"id":99686,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Kronqvist","domain_name":"abo","page_name":"CamillaKronqvist","display_name":"Camilla Kronqvist","profile_url":"https://abo.academia.edu/CamillaKronqvist","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99686/85201/93106/s65_camilla.kronqvist.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7356920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7356920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7356920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7356920", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7356920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7356920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7356920"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7356920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7356920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7356920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7356920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7356920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7356920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination "> <li class="page active"> <a href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents">1</a> </li> <li class="page"> <a rel="next" href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=2">2</a> </li> <li class="page"> <a href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=3">3</a> </li> <li class="page"> <a href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=4">4</a> </li> <li class="page gap disabled"><a href="#" onclick="return false;">…</a></li> <li class="page"> <a href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=12">12</a> </li> <li class="next_page"> <a rel="next" href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=2">Next ›</a> </li> <li class="last next"> <a href="/Departments/Philosophy/Documents?page=12">Last »</a> </li> </ul> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "d3d4053c3c5dc7362fb3def05d20ee0c35ddba366783701b3d9ef726eafa566c", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="fUPS0jCSsWK6ssM9fIOZvzWuh4hUc_6P1AQxVKADeVmuV0fLtbNlYz0wypNq7MUWacZhQWeRnfDEVyVELk4rAw" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://abo.academia.edu/Departments/Philosophy/Documents" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="Pua4TC9ePVlT8B1aTbS88EyPvoTGoZbGBKpaPb-w1zDt8i1Vqn_pWNRyFPRb2-BZEOdYTfVD9bkU-U4tMf2Fag" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style=""><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style=""><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>