CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Keel - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fbc0c6c7-8ed9-457f-b234-3b7e925895af","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Keel","wgTitle":"Keel","wgCurRevisionId":1257033273,"wgRevisionId":1257033273,"wgArticleId":219807,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text","Articles containing Old Norse-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2023","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Nautical terminology","Naval architecture", "Sailing rigs and rigging","Sailing vessel components","Shipbuilding","Sailboat components"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Keel","wgRelevantArticleId":219807,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q582062","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/1200px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="953"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/800px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="636"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/640px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="508"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Keel - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Keel rootpage-Keel skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Construction styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frame_first" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frame_first"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Frame first</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frame_first-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plank_first" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plank_first"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Plank first</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plank_first-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structural_keels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structural_keels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structural keels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structural_keels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrodynamic_keels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrodynamic_keels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hydrodynamic keels</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hydrodynamic_keels-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hydrodynamic keels subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hydrodynamic_keels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sailboat_keels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailboat_keels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sailboat keels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailboat_keels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kiel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_(%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="صالب (سفينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صالب (سفينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yga%27yta" title="Yga'yta – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yga'yta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кіль судна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіль судна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Кил (корабоплаване) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кил (корабоплаване)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilla_(n%C3%A0utica)" title="Quilla (nàutica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quilla (nàutica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Киль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BDl" title="Kýl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kýl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8l" title="Køl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Køl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel_(Schiffbau)" title="Kiel (Schiffbau) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiel (Schiffbau)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiil_(laevandus)" title="Kiil (laevandus) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiil (laevandus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Τρόπιδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρόπιδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilla_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Quilla (náutica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quilla (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilo_(%C5%9Dipo)" title="Kilo (ŝipo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kilo (ŝipo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gila_(nautika)" title="Gila (nautika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gila (nautika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="مازه (دریانوردی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مازه (دریانوردی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quille_(bateau)" title="Quille (bateau) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quille (bateau)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%A8" title="용골 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="용골" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilio" title="Kilio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kilio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunas_kapal" title="Lunas kapal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lunas kapal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B6lur_(skip)" title="Kjölur (skip) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kjölur (skip)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiglia" title="Chiglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שדרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שדרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilis" title="Kilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunas" title="Lunas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lunas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel_(schip)" title="Kiel (schip) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kiel (schip)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%9C%E9%AA%A8_(%E8%88%B9)" title="竜骨 (船) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="竜骨 (船)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Киль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8l" title="Kjøl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjøl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8l" title="Kjøl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjøl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilha_(nau)" title="Quilha (nau) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quilha (nau)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel_(Schipp)" title="Kiel (Schipp) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kiel (Schipp)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%99pka" title="Stępka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stępka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilha_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Quilha (náutica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quilha (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chil%C4%83" title="Chilă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalluma" title="Kalluma – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalluma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_keel" title="Boat keel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boat keel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobilica_(ladja)" title="Kobilica (ladja) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kobilica (ladja)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6li" title="Köli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Köli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6l" title="Köl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Köl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киль – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Кіль (кораблебудування) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіль (кораблебудування)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91ng_thuy%E1%BB%81n" title="Sống thuyền – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sống thuyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%AA%A8" title="龙骨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="龙骨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q582062#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keel" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Keel" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keel"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Keel" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Keel" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&oldid=1257033273" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Keel&id=1257033273&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeel"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeel"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Keel&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Keels" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q582062" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lower centreline structural element of a ship or boat hull</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Keel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Keel (disambiguation)">Keel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_(CVA-58)_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/300px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/450px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg/600px-The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5669" data-file-height="4504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">Keel laid</a> for the <a href="/wiki/USS_United_States_(CVA-58)" title="USS United States (CVA-58)">USS <i>United States</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Drydock" class="mw-redirect" title="Drydock">drydock</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>keel</b> is the bottom-most longitudinal <a href="/wiki/Structural_element" title="Structural element">structural element</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a>. On some <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboats</a>, it may have a <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">hydrodynamic</a> and counterbalancing purpose as well. The <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laying</a> of the keel is often the initial step in constructing a ship. In the British and American shipbuilding traditions, this event marks the beginning date of a ship's construction.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "keel" comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">cēol</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">kjóll</i></span>, = "<a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ship</a>" or "keel". It has the distinction of being regarded by some scholars as the first word in the English language recorded in writing, having been recorded by <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a> in his 6th century <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> work <i><a href="/wiki/De_Excidio_et_Conquestu_Britanniae" title="De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae">De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae</a></i>, under the spelling <i>cyulae</i> (he was referring to the three ships that the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> first arrived in).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carina" class="extiw" title="wikt:carina">Carina</a></i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word for "keel" and is the origin of the term <a href="/wiki/Careening" title="Careening">careen</a> (to clean a keel and the hull in general, often by rolling the ship on its side). An example of this use is <a href="/wiki/Careening_Cove" title="Careening Cove">Careening Cove</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, Australia">Sydney, Australia</a>, where careening was carried out in the early colonial days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinker-carvel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/220px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/330px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/440px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carvel-built" class="mw-redirect" title="Carvel-built">Carvel-built</a> hull construction (right) lines planks up edge to edge</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of a keel in sailing vessels dates back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">antiquity</a>. The wreck of an ancient Greek merchant ship known as the <a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrenia ship">Kyrenia ship</a> establishes the origin of the keel at least as far back as 315 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun shipwreck</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1325 BC) had a rudimentary keel, but it may have been more of a center plank than a keel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_styles">Construction styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frame_first">Frame first</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Frame first"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Carvel-built" class="mw-redirect" title="Carvel-built">carvel-built</a> hulls, construction began with the laying of the keel, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">stem</a>. Frames were set up afterward, set at key points along the keel. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Keelson" title="Keelson">keelson</a> was attached to the keel, either bolted or with <a href="/wiki/Treenail" title="Treenail">treenails</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plank_first">Plank first</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plank first"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/planking" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:planking">planking</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>A plank first building system that is still in use today is <a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">clinker construction</a>, using overlapping planks which are shaped to produce the hull form. Older systems include the bottom-based method used for the planking on either side of the keel of a <a href="/wiki/Cog_(ship)" title="Cog (ship)">cog</a> (and also in Dutch shipbuilding up to and including the 17th century). This involves flush-fitted planks that have been cut to provide the shape of the hull. Still older is the mortice and tenon edge-to-edge joining of hull planks in the Mediterranean during <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">the classical period</a>. In this system, much of the strength of the hull is derived from the planking, with the frames providing some extra strength. In all these systems, the joining of the keel, stem and sternpost are the starting point of construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_2013_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_keels">Structural keels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structural keels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A structural keel is the bottom-most structural member around which the <a href="/wiki/Hull_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull (ship)">hull</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ship</a> is built. The keel runs along the centerline of the ship, from the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>. The keel is often the first part of a ship's hull to be constructed, and <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laying the keel</a>, or placing the keel in the cradle where the ship will be built, may mark the start time of its construction. Large, modern ships are now often built in a series of pre-fabricated, complete hull sections rather than being built around a single keel, so the shipbuilding process commences with the cutting of the first sheet of steel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common type of keel is the "flat plate keel", which is fitted in most ocean-going ships and other vessels. A form of keel found on smaller vessels is the "bar keel", which may be fitted in trawlers, tugs, and smaller ferries. Where grounding is possible, this type of keel is suitable with its massive <a href="/wiki/Scantling" title="Scantling">scantlings</a>, but there is always a problem of the increased <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a> with no additional cargo capacity. If a double bottom is fitted, the keel is almost inevitably of the flat plate type, bar keels often being associated with open floors, where the plate keel may also be fitted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrodynamic_keels">Hydrodynamic keels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hydrodynamic keels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Hydrodynamic keels have the primary purpose of interacting with the water and are typical of certain sailboats. Fixed hydrodynamic keels have the structural strength to support the boat's weight.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MariahQuarterView.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/MariahQuarterView.jpg/170px-MariahQuarterView.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/MariahQuarterView.jpg/255px-MariahQuarterView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/MariahQuarterView.jpg/340px-MariahQuarterView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption>Sailing <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yacht</a> with a fin keel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg/170px-Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg/255px-Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg/340px-Capsizing_effect_of_keel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Lateral resistance effect of a sailing keel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg/170px-Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg/255px-Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg/340px-Segeln_Gewichtsstabilitaet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Righting effect of a keel, where A is the center of buoyancy and G is the centre of gravity (hypothetical example).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailboat_keels">Sailboat keels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sailboat keels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboats</a>, keels serve two purposes: 1) as an underwater <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Foil (fluid mechanics)">foil</a> to minimize the lateral motion of the vessel under sail (<a href="/wiki/Leeway" title="Leeway">leeway</a>) and 2) as a counterweight to the lateral force of the wind on the sail(s) that causes rolling to the side (<a href="/wiki/Heeling_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeling (sailing)">heeling</a>). As an underwater foil, a keel uses the forward motion of the boat to generate <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a> to counteract the <a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward</a> force of the wind. As a counterweight, a keel increasingly offsets the heeling <a href="/wiki/Moment_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Moment arm">moment</a> with increasing angle of heel. Related foils include movable centreplates, which -being metal- have the secondary purpose of being a counterweight, and <a href="/wiki/Centreboard" title="Centreboard">centreboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daggerboard" title="Daggerboard">daggerboards</a>, which are of lighter weight, do not have the secondary purpose of being a counterweight. </p><p>Moveable sailboat keels may pivot (a centreboard, centreplate or swing keel),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retract upwards (lifting/retracting keel or daggerboard),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or swing sideways in the water (<a href="/wiki/Canting_keel" title="Canting keel">canting keels</a>) to move the ballasting effect to one side and allow the boat to sail in a more upright position.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin_ceremony" title="Coin ceremony">Coin ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelson" title="Keelson">Kelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_keel" title="False keel">False keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daggerboard" title="Daggerboard">Daggerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeboard" title="Leeboard">Leeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilgeboard" title="Bilgeboard">Bilgeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_foil" title="Bruce foil">Bruce foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelhauling" title="Keelhauling">Keelhauling</a> – an archaic maritime punishment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keel_block" title="Keel block">Keel block</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-QaAQAAMAAJ&q=laying+of+the+ship's+keel"><i>Man, Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion and the Unknown</i></a>. M. Cavendish. 1995. p. 2364. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854357311" title="Special:BookSources/9781854357311"><bdi>9781854357311</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Myth+%26+Magic%3A+The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Mythology%2C+Religion+and+the+Unknown&rft.pages=2364&rft.pub=M.+Cavendish&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781854357311&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-QaAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dlaying%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bship%27s%2Bkeel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/gildas_02_ruin_of_britain.htm">"Gildas, The Ruin of Britain &c. (1899). pp. 4–252. The Ruin of Britain"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gildas%2C+The+Ruin+of+Britain+%26c.+%281899%29.+pp.+4%E2%80%93252.+The+Ruin+of+Britain.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fgildas_02_ruin_of_britain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._W._Whittaker1970" class="citation book cs1">G. W. Whittaker (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P94dqHC91DMC"><i>Collected Essays</i></a>. Ayer Publishing. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8369-1636-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8369-1636-0"><bdi>0-8369-1636-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Essays&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8369-1636-0&rft.au=G.+W.+Whittaker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP94dqHC91DMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatzevSwiny2022" class="citation book cs1">Katzev, Susan Womer; Swiny, Helena Wylde (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxbowbooks.com/9781785707520/the-kyrenia-ship-final-excavation-report/"><i>The Kyrenia Ship Final Excavation Report: Volume I - History of the Excavation, Amphoras, Pottery and Coins as Evidence for Dating</i></a>. Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785707520" title="Special:BookSources/9781785707520"><bdi>9781785707520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kyrenia+Ship+Final+Excavation+Report%3A+Volume+I+-+History+of+the+Excavation%2C+Amphoras%2C+Pottery+and+Coins+as+Evidence+for+Dating&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781785707520&rft.aulast=Katzev&rft.aufirst=Susan+Womer&rft.au=Swiny%2C+Helena+Wylde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%2F9781785707520%2Fthe-kyrenia-ship-final-excavation-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulak1998" class="citation journal cs1">Pulak, Cemal (1998). "The Uluburun Shipwreck: An Overview". <i>The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x">10.1111/j.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Nautical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Uluburun+Shipwreck%3A+An+Overview&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=210&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x&rft.aulast=Pulak&rft.aufirst=Cemal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams_2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adams_2013_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adams_2013_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2013" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Jonathan R. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maritimearchaeol0000adam"><i>A Maritime Archaeology of Ships: Innovation and Social Change in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: A Maritime Archaeology of Early Modern Europe</i></a>. Oxford: Oxbow Books. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78297-047-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78297-047-7"><bdi>978-1-78297-047-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/862401040">862401040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Maritime+Archaeology+of+Ships%3A+Innovation+and+Social+Change+in+Late+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Europe%3A+A+Maritime+Archaeology+of+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F862401040&rft.isbn=978-1-78297-047-7&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaritimearchaeol0000adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton1901" class="citation book cs1">Walton, Thomas (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2oBKmJ1lzSYC&q=keel+ship&pg=PA57"><i>Know Your Own Ship</i></a>. London: Charles Griffin & Company. pp. 57–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783861951643" title="Special:BookSources/9783861951643"><bdi>9783861951643</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Know+Your+Own+Ship&rft.place=London&rft.pages=57-60&rft.pub=Charles+Griffin+%26+Company&rft.date=1901&rft.isbn=9783861951643&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2oBKmJ1lzSYC%26q%3Dkeel%2Bship%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreiffert1994" class="citation book cs1">Streiffert, Bo (September 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Kg9CvvTbWwC&q=resting+on+the+keel&pg=PP175"><i>Modern Boat Maintenance: The Complete Fiberglass Boat Manual</i></a>. Sheridan House, Inc. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924486-71-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924486-71-5"><bdi>978-0-924486-71-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Boat+Maintenance%3A+The+Complete+Fiberglass+Boat+Manual&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Sheridan+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994-09&rft.isbn=978-0-924486-71-5&rft.aulast=Streiffert&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Kg9CvvTbWwC%26q%3Dresting%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bkeel%26pg%3DPP175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurr2004" class="citation book cs1">Spurr, Daniel (2004-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvoe9cgq3SYC&q=swing+keel&pg=PA10"><i>Your First Sailboat: How to Find and Sail the Right Boat for You</i></a>. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071778770" title="Special:BookSources/9780071778770"><bdi>9780071778770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+First+Sailboat%3A+How+to+Find+and+Sail+the+Right+Boat+for+You&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2004-07-02&rft.isbn=9780071778770&rft.aulast=Spurr&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddvoe9cgq3SYC%26q%3Dswing%2Bkeel%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2011" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Duncan (2011-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ll1-DwAAQBAJ&q=retracting+keel&pg=PT91"><i>The Insider's Guide to Choosing & Buying a Yacht: Expert Advice to Help You Choose the Perfect Yacht</i></a>. Fernhurst Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-99918-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-99918-8"><bdi>978-1-119-99918-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Insider%27s+Guide+to+Choosing+%26+Buying+a+Yacht%3A+Expert+Advice+to+Help+You+Choose+the+Perfect+Yacht&rft.pub=Fernhurst+Books+Limited&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-119-99918-8&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLl1-DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dretracting%2Bkeel%26pg%3DPT91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlooff2015" class="citation book cs1">Slooff, J. W. (2015-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cr-pCAAAQBAJ&q=canting+keel&pg=PA190"><i>The Aero- and Hydromechanics of Keel Yachts</i></a>. Springer. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319132754" title="Special:BookSources/9783319132754"><bdi>9783319132754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aero-+and+Hydromechanics+of+Keel+Yachts&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015-04-25&rft.isbn=9783319132754&rft.aulast=Slooff&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCr-pCAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcanting%2Bkeel%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Keels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Keels">Keels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Rousmaniere, John, <i>The Annapolis Book of Seamanship</i>, Simon & Schuster, 1999</li> <li><i>Chapman Book of Piloting</i> (various contributors), Hearst Corporation, 1999</li> <li>Herreshoff, Halsey (consulting editor), <i>The Sailor's Handbook</i>, Little Brown and Company</li> <li>Seidman, David, <i>The Complete Sailor</i>, International Marine, 1995</li> <li>Jobson, Gary, <i>Sailing Fundamentals</i>, Simon & Schuster, 1987</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parts_of_a_sailing_ship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sailing_ship_elements" title="Template:Sailing ship elements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sailing_ship_elements" title="Template talk:Sailing ship elements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing_ship_elements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing ship elements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parts_of_a_sailing_ship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parts of a <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ship</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftercastle" title="Aftercastle">Aftercastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afterdeck" title="Afterdeck">Afterdeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_windlass" title="Anchor windlass">Anchor windlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_wind_indicator" title="Apparent wind indicator">Apparent wind indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beakhead" title="Beakhead">Beakhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilge" title="Bilge">Bilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilgeboard" title="Bilgeboard">Bilgeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitts" title="Bitts">Bitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_brake" title="Boom brake">Boom brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">Bow or prow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowsprit" title="Bowsprit">Bowsprit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_cable" title="Nautical cable"> Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capstan_(nautical)" title="Capstan (nautical)">Capstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathead" title="Cathead">Cathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter%27s_walk" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter's walk">Carpenter's walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreboard" title="Centreboard">Centreboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chains_(nautical)" title="Chains (nautical)">Chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockpit_(sailing)" title="Cockpit (sailing)">Cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companionway" title="Companionway">Companionway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow%27s_nest" title="Crow's nest">Crow's nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daggerboard" title="Daggerboard">Daggerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecastle" title="Forecastle">Forecastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(nautical)" title="Frame (nautical)">Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangway_(nautical)" title="Gangway (nautical)">Gangway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunwale" title="Gunwale">Gunwale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(watercraft)" title="Head (watercraft)">Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_(compartment)" title="Hold (compartment)">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackline" title="Jackline">Jackline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibboom" title="Jibboom">Jibboom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canting_keel" title="Canting keel">Canting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelson" title="Keelson">Kelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeboard" title="Leeboard">Leeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlop_deck" title="Orlop deck">Orlop deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poop_deck" title="Poop deck">Poop deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_and_starboard" title="Port and starboard">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porthole" title="Porthole">Porthole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_gallery" title="Quarter gallery">Quarter gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterdeck" title="Quarterdeck">Quarterdeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_(nautical)" title="Rib (nautical)">Rib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_wheel" title="Ship's wheel">Ship's wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeg" title="Skeg">Skeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_and_starboard" title="Port and starboard">Starboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">Stern or poop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taffrail" title="Taffrail">Taffrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiller" title="Tiller">Tiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_(sailing_ship)" title="Top (sailing ship)">Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transom_(nautical)" title="Transom (nautical)">Transom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipstaff" title="Whipstaff">Whipstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winch" title="Winch">Winch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582062#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675518">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keel&oldid=1257033273">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keel&oldid=1257033273</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nautical_terminology" title="Category:Nautical terminology">Nautical terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_architecture" title="Category:Naval architecture">Naval architecture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailing_rigs_and_rigging" title="Category:Sailing rigs and rigging">Sailing rigs and rigging</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailing_vessel_components" title="Category:Sailing vessel components">Sailing vessel components</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shipbuilding" title="Category:Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailboat_components" title="Category:Sailboat components">Sailboat components</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_English_(ca._450-1100)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text">Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_Norse-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old Norse-language text">Articles containing Old Norse-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2023">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 21:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keel&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-prwmm","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.451","walltime":"0.623","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1816,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":39932,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2273,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":56655,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 527.309 1 -total"," 23.61% 124.507 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.47% 97.395 9 Template:Cite_book"," 15.63% 82.393 3 Template:Lang"," 12.97% 68.371 1 Template:Sailing_ship_elements"," 12.62% 66.549 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.86% 62.527 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.11% 53.310 2 Template:Sister_project"," 9.82% 51.765 2 Template:Side_box"," 6.97% 36.751 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.300","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25673422,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7jdc6","timestamp":"20241122140626","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Keel","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keel","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q582062","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q582062","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-01T21:51:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T21:43:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c2\/The_keel_plate_of_USS_United_States_%28CVA-58%29_being_laid_in_a_construction_dry_dock_on_18_April_1948.jpg","headline":"structural element of a ship hull, or boat hull"}</script> </body> </html>