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class="comp article-header-block mntl-block "><ul id="breadcrumbs_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs mntl-universal-breadcrumbs mntl-block type--squirrel breadcrumbs" data-tracking-container="true"><li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/humanities-4133358" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_5-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Humanities</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_1-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_6-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Geography</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/country-information-4133030" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_7-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Country Information</span></a> <span id="breadcrumbs__separator_3-0" class="comp breadcrumbs__separator mntl-text-block">›</span></li></ul> <div id="article-heading_1-0" class="comp article-heading mntl-article-header"> <h1 class="article-heading type--lion">Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and Politics</h1> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-header"><div id="post-header-social-block_1-0" class="comp post-header-social-block mntl-block"><div id="social-share-block_1-0" class="comp social-share-block mntl-block"><ul id="social-share_1-0" class="comp social-share mntl-social-share share" data-title="Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and 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url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhCgAHAPUAAABBdABFdQBEeQBGewBKdwBJfgFXfzJOR1lPO3FhPVBQTmZcSABMgQBOgwBPiABQgwBQhQBTiABTigBciwBbkQBglABilgVnmwtglgxpnRholwBxogBwpQBypxduoiZlkDlplihzoTdxoTd4p19+o2Z9nlmIsFqJsWaGpW+Eq3ORtnybun6duv9cQf9eQqWyrrq/yerSns3GwsnHzcnJydLS1NfX19vc1svq0uLb1+Td2ebf2+bizuvk4PPt6QBBdCwAAAAACgAHAEUIUQABCCjAgEeDBgwIBMCQQUSIBQlMrDhxQQIIEilQaHDRokcPGjpgsEAQI0cHDh4GNHjgAEKECQY+lKBQwYKGAzhqyJix40YPGyoUvPAxYkOGgAA7')" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h3FObtmNJ-r3Cz8GFoivYqIoRBI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Canada-5c8a5e3746e0fb00016ee032.jpg" width="2400" height="1600" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" srcset="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h3FObtmNJ-r3Cz8GFoivYqIoRBI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Canada-5c8a5e3746e0fb00016ee032.jpg 1500w" sizes="750px" alt="Canada's Parliament building" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption 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Urban Geography <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="loc article-pre-content"><div id="article-meta_1-0" class="comp article-meta mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="reference-bylines_1-0" class="comp reference-bylines mntl-bylines right-rail__offset"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/amanda-briney-1433400" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Amanda Briney</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top mntl-author-tooltip__top--no-image"> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/amanda-briney-1433400" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Amanda Briney</a> </div> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__job-title_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__job-title mntl-text-block">Geography Expert</span> <ul id="mntl-author-tooltip__education_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education mntl-block"><li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay</li> <li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento</li></ul> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our</span> <a href="/about-us-4779650#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >Editorial Process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Updated on January 13, 2020</div></div> </div></div> </div><div class="loc article-content"><div id="article-content_1-0" class="comp article-content mntl-block"><div id="mntl-sc-page_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-page mntl-block structured-content expert-content" data-sc-sticky-offset="85" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="3" data-sc-content-positions="[1, 1050, 1250, 1550, 1950, 2350, 2750, 3150]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Canada is the world's <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/biggest-countries-in-the-world-4147693" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">second-largest country by area</a> but its population, at slightly less than that of the state of California, is small by comparison. Canada's largest cities are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, and Calgary. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Even with its small population, Canada plays a <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/countries-that-make-up-the-g8-4067873" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">large role in the world's economy</a> and is one of the largest trading partners of the United States. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-callout mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-fastfacts" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block">Fast Facts: Canada</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block"><ul><li><strong>Capital:</strong> Ottawa</li><li><strong>Population:</strong> 35,881,659 (2018)</li><li><strong>Official Languages:</strong> English, French</li><li><strong>Currency: </strong>Canadian dollar (CAD)</li><li><strong>Form of Government:</strong> Federal parliamentary democracy </li><li><strong>Climate:</strong> Varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north</li><li><strong>Total Area:</strong> 3,855,085 square miles (9,984,670 square kilometers)</li><li><strong>Highest Point:</strong> Mount Logan at 19,550 feet (5,959 meters) </li><li><strong>Lowest Point: </strong>Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters)</li></ul></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-history-of-canada"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> History of Canada </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The first people to live in Canada were the Inuit and First Nation Peoples. The first Europeans to reach the country were likely the <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/vinland-the-viking-homeland-in-america-173139" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Vikings</a> and it is believed that Norse explorer Leif Eriksson led them to the coast of Labrador or Nova Scotia in 1000 CE. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> European settlement did not begin in Canada until the 1500s. In 1534, French explorer <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/jacques-cartier-biography-510215" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Jacques Cartier</a> discovered the St. Lawrence River while searching for fur and shortly thereafter, he claimed Canada for France. The French began to settle there in 1541 but an official settlement was not established until 1604. That settlement, called Port Royal, was located in what is now Nova Scotia. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In addition to the French, the English also began exploring Canada for its fur and fish trade and in 1670 established the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1713, a conflict developed between the English and French and the English won control of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Hudson Bay. <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-indian-seven-years-war-battles-2360963" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">The Seven Year’s War</a>, in which England sought to gain more control of the country, then began in 1756. That war ended in 1763 and England was given full control of Canada with the Treaty of Paris. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In the years after the Treaty of Paris, English colonists flocked to Canada from England and the United States. In 1849, Canada was given the right to self-government and the country of Canada was officially established in 1867. It was comprised of Upper Canada (the area that became Ontario), Lower Canada (the area that became Quebec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In 1869, Canada continued to grow when it bought land from the Hudson’s Bay Company. This land was later divided into different <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/canadian-provinces-and-territories-key-facts-508556" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">provinces</a>, one of which was Manitoba. It joined Canada in 1870 followed by <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/british-columbia-508559" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">British Columbia</a> in 1871 and Prince Edward Island in 1873. The country then grew again in 1901 when Alberta and Saskatchewan joined Canada. It remained this size until 1949 when Newfoundland became the 10th province. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-languages-in-canada"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Languages in Canada </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Because of the long history of conflict between the English and French in Canada, a division between the two still exists in the country’s <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/languages-spoken-in-canada-511104" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">languages</a> today. In Quebec the official language at the provincial level is <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/french-translations-of-canadian-provinces-1371138" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">French</a> and there have been several Francophone initiatives to ensure that the language remains prominent there. In addition, there have been numerous initiatives for secession. The most recent was in 1995 but it failed by a vote of 50.6% to 49.4%. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> There are also some French-speaking communities in other portions of Canada, mostly on the east coast, but the majority of the rest of the country speaks English. At the federal level, however, the country is officially bilingual. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-canadas-government"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Canada's Government </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/how-parliamentary-government-works-4160918" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">parliamentary democracy</a> and federation. It has three branches of government. The first is the executive, which consists of the head of state, who is represented by a governor general, and the prime minister, who is considered the head of government. The second branch is the legislative, a bicameral parliament consisting of the Senate and House of Commons. The third branch is made up of the Supreme Court. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-industry-and-land-use-in-canada"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Industry and Land Use in Canada </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Canada’s industry and land use vary based on region. The eastern portion of the country is the most industrialized but Vancouver, British Columbia, a major seaport, and Calgary, Alberta, are some western cities that are highly industrialized as well. Alberta also produces 75% of Canada’s oil and is important for coal and natural gas. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_28-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Canada’s resources include nickel (mainly from Ontario), zinc, potash, uranium, sulfur, asbestos, aluminum, and copper. Hydroelectric power and pulp and paper industries are also important. In addition, agriculture and ranching play a significant role in the Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) and several parts of the rest of the country. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-canadas-geography-and-climate"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Canada's Geography and Climate </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Much of Canada's topography consists of gently rolling hills with rock outcrops because the Canadian Shield, an ancient region with some of the world's oldest known rocks, covers almost half of the country. The southern portions of the Shield are covered with boreal forests while the northern parts are tundra because it is too far north for trees. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_32-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> To the west of the Canadian Shield are the central plains, or prairies. The southern plains are mostly grass and the north is forested. This area is also dotted with hundreds of lakes because of depressions in the land caused by the <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-last-glaciation-1434433" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">last glaciation</a>. Farther west is the rugged Canadian Cordillera, stretching from the Yukon Territory into <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-british-columbia-1434389" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">British Columbia</a> and Alberta. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_34-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_35-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Canada's climate varies with location but the country is classified as being temperate in the south and arctic in the north. Winters, however, are normally long and harsh in most of the country. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_36-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-more-facts-about-canada"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_37-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> More Facts About Canada </span> </h2> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_38-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li>Nearly 90% of Canadians live within 99 miles of the U.S. border (because of harsh weather and the expense of building on permafrost in the north).</li> <li>The <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-4133035" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Trans-Canada Highway</a> is the longest national highway in the world at 4,725 miles (7,604 km).</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_39-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-which-us-states-border-canada"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_40-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Which U.S. States Border Canada? </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_41-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The United States is the only country that borders Canada. The majority of Canada's southern border runs straight along the 49th parallel (<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/degree-of-latitude-and-longitude-distance-4070616" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">49 degrees north latitude</a>), while the border along and east of the Great Lakes is jagged. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_42-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_43-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> 13 U.S. states share a border with Canada: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_44-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_45-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li>Alaska</li><li>Idaho</li><li>Maine</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Montana</li><li>New Hampshire</li><li>New York</li><li>North Dakota</li><li>Ohio</li><li>Pennsylvania</li><li>Vermont</li><li>Washington</li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_46-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-sources"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_47-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block reference-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Sources </span> </h2> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_48-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><cite>"The World Factbook: Canada<em>.</em>"<em> Central Intelligence Agency</em>.</cite></li> <li><cite>“<a href="https://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/canada" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Canada</a>.” <em>Infoplease.</em></cite></li> <li><cite>Statistics Canada. “<a href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/181220/dq181220c-eng.htm" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="2">Canada's Population Estimates, Third Quarter 2018</a>.” 20 Dec. 2018.</cite></li> <li><cite>“Canada.” <em>U.S. Department of State.</em></cite></li> </ul></div> <div id="sources-and-citation_1-0" class="comp sources-and-citation mntl-block"><div id="citation-widget_1-0" class="comp citation-widget js-citation-widget" data-tracking-container="true"> <div class="citation-widget__container js-container"> <button class="citation-widget__button js-button"> <span class="citation-widget__cite-label">Cite this Article </span> <svg class="icon icon-cite citation-widget__icon-cite" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-cite" href="#icon-cite"></use> </svg> </button> <div class="citation-widget__window js-window"> <svg class="icon icon-close citation-widget__icon-close js-icon-close" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-close" href="#icon-close"></use> </svg> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Format</div> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link citation-widget__format-link--active js-format-link">mla</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">apa</a> <a href="#" class="citation-widget__format-link js-format-link">chicago</a> <div class="citation-widget__heading">Your Citation</div> <div class="citation-widget__content js-content"> <span class="citation-widget__citation citation-widget__citation--active js-active" data-citation-format="mla">Briney, Amanda. "Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and Politics." ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/quick-geography-facts-about-canada-1434345.</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="apa">Briney, Amanda. (2021, February 16). Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and Politics. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/quick-geography-facts-about-canada-1434345</span> <span class="citation-widget__citation" data-citation-format="chicago">Briney, Amanda. "Facts About Canada's Geography, History, and Politics." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/quick-geography-facts-about-canada-1434345 (accessed February 28, 2025).</span> </div> <div class="citation-widget__copy-container"> <button class="citation-widget__copy-button js-copy-button"> <div class="citation-widget__copy-wrapper"> <svg class="icon icon-checkmark citation-widget__icon-checkmark" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-checkmark" href="#icon-checkmark"></use> </svg> <span class="citation-widget__copy-label js-copy-label">copy citation</span> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-right-rail"><div id="mm-ads-right-rail_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-right-rail mntl-block"><div id="sc-billboard-group_1-0" class="comp sc-billboard-group mntl-block js-scads-inline-content"><div id="mntl-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard1-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard1-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex1-sticky mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="1050" style="height: 1050px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_2-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square "> <div id="square-flex-1" class="wrapper" ></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard2-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_3-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex2-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_4-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-square mm-ads-gpt-adunit gpt square dynamic"> <div id="square-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="square" data-pos="btf1" data-priority="2" data-sizes="[[300, 250],[300, 600],[160, 600],"fluid"]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-native_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native " style="--native-ad-height: auto"><div id="mm-ads-native__adunit_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-native__adunit mm-ads-gpt-dynamic-adunit mm-ads-gpt-adunit scads-to-load gpt native dynamic"> <div id="native" class="wrapper" data-type="native" data-pos="native" data-priority="4" data-sizes="[[1, 3],"fluid"]" data-rtb="false" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div></div> <div id="mntl-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp ref-billboard3-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_5-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFixed-sticky-dynamic mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="600" style="height: 600px;"><div 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alt="Kauai" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Country Information"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Geography of Hawaii</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_12-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_12-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="1434422" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-sichuan-province-china-1434422" data-ordinal="4" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/787mQAY9BMkBNWe-U7e6A_qYXkA=/250x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/monastery-at-larung-gar--buddhist-academy--1045978806-5c63569f46e0fb0001ca8e38.jpg" width="250" height="1414" 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href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-queensland-australia-1434354" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/T-QnBLzwrJNlVbNxRLxKS7n890U=/250x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1039545762-240a743205a44bcf93dde2730912c666.jpg" width="250" height="1414" alt="A view of Brisbane city from a helicopter" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.5" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/T-QnBLzwrJNlVbNxRLxKS7n890U=/250x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1039545762-240a743205a44bcf93dde2730912c666.jpg" width="250" height="1414" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="A view of Brisbane city from a helicopter" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Country Information"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Geography of Queensland, Australia</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_14-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_14-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="1435069" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-okinawa-1435069" data-ordinal="6" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:75.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/v0vRF7Ej0Ju6aYmYZ0dpqNNxQ80=/250x1440/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/coral-reefs-1381740_1920-932b360874704deda0361ec67a6f0899.jpg" width="250" height="1440" alt="Okinawa landmass as seen from a distance." class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" data-dim-ratio="1.333" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/v0vRF7Ej0Ju6aYmYZ0dpqNNxQ80=/250x1440/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/coral-reefs-1381740_1920-932b360874704deda0361ec67a6f0899.jpg" width="250" height="1440" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" alt="Okinawa landmass as seen from a distance." /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " > <div class="card__header" data-kicker="Country Information"></div> <div class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Okinawa Geography and 10 Fast Facts</span></div> </div> </a></li> <li id="masonry-list__item_15-0" class="comp masonry-list__item mntl-block"><a id="mntl-card_15-0" class="comp mntl-card mntl-document-card is-inverted-small card card--no-image" data-doc-id="1435738" data-tax-levels href="https://www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-oklahoma-1435738" data-ordinal="7" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div 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