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vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Izen" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Izen" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Izen" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Izen" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izena,_izen-sintagmaren_ardatz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena,_izen-sintagmaren_ardatz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izena, izen-sintagmaren ardatz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izena,_izen-sintagmaren_ardatz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izenen_sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenen_sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izenen sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Izenen_sailkapena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Izenen sailkapena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Izenen_sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esanahiaren_arabera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esanahiaren_arabera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Esanahiaren arabera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esanahiaren_arabera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_arruntak_eta_izen_bereziak:_[±_arrunta]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_arruntak_eta_izen_bereziak:_[±_arrunta]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Izen arruntak eta izen bereziak: [± arrunta]</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_arruntak_eta_izen_bereziak:_[±_arrunta]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_zenbakarriak_eta_zenbakaitzak:_[±_zenbakarria]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_zenbakarriak_eta_zenbakaitzak:_[±_zenbakarria]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Izen zenbakarriak eta zenbakaitzak: [± zenbakarria]</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_zenbakarriak_eta_zenbakaitzak:_[±_zenbakarria]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_neurgarriak_eta_neurgaitzak:_[±_neurgarria]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_neurgarriak_eta_neurgaitzak:_[±_neurgarria]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Izen neurgarriak eta neurgaitzak: [± neurgarria]</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_neurgarriak_eta_neurgaitzak:_[±_neurgarria]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_bizidunak_eta_izen_bizigabeak:_[±_biziduna]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_bizidunak_eta_izen_bizigabeak:_[±_biziduna]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Izen bizidunak eta izen bizigabeak: [± biziduna]</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_bizidunak_eta_izen_bizigabeak:_[±_biziduna]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izenen_sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenen_sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenen_sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izen_bakunak_eta_izen_konplexuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_bakunak_eta_izen_konplexuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Izen bakunak eta izen konplexuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_bakunak_eta_izen_konplexuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_eratorriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_eratorriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Izen eratorriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_eratorriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izen_elkartuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izen_elkartuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Izen elkartuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izen_elkartuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Izen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 105 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name" title="Name – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Name" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngangan" title="Ngangan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ngangan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اسم – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome" title="Nome – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nome" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suti" title="Suti – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Suti" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad" title="Ad – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF" title="آد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Исем – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исем" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran" title="Ngaran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ngaran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Імя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Імя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Име – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Име" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B5" title="नाँव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नाँव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran" title="Ngaran – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ngaran" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="নাম – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anv" title="Anv – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ime" title="Ime – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ime" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom" title="Nom – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B5" title="ЦӀе – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЦӀе" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ناو – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82" title="Ят – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ят" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navn" title="Navn – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Navn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name" title="Name – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Name" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ak%C9%94" title="Ŋkɔ – eweera" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Ŋkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name" title="Name – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomo" title="Nomo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre" title="Nombre – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimi" title="Nimi – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نام – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimi" title="Nimi – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom" title="Nom – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namme" title="Namme – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Namme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainm" title="Ainm – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ainm" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome" title="Nome – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nome" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu%27ur%C9%9B" title="Yu'urɛ – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Yu'urɛ" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D" title="שם – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="नाम – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ime" title="Ime – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ime" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non" title="Non – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Non" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomine" title="Nomine – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nomine" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomo" title="Nomo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafn" title="Nafn – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nafn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D" title="名前 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="名前" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cmevla" title="cmevla – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cmevla" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeneng" title="Jeneng – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jeneng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1lyoot" title="A̱lyoot – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱lyoot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಹೆಸರು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೆಸರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="이름 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomen" title="Nomen – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nomen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numm" title="Numm – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Numm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavadinimas" title="Pavadinimas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pavadinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosaukums" title="Nosaukums – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nosaukums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarana" title="Anarana – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anarana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Име – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Име" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯃꯤꯡ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="အမည် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="نوم – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="नां – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6i" title="Töi – niasera" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Töi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naam" title="Naam – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namn" title="Namn – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Namn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navn" title="Navn – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Navn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noum" title="Noum – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Noum" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom" title="Nom – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nom" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਾਮ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazwa" title="Nazwa – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nazwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome" title="Nome – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suti" title="Suti – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Suti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nume" title="Nume – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nume" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Имя – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="نالو – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نالو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ime" title="Ime – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ime" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assa%C9%A3" title="Assaɣ – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Assaɣ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name" title="Name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ime" title="Ime – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ime" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zita" title="Zita – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zita" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emri" title="Emri – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Име – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Име" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran" title="Ngaran – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ngaran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egennamn" title="Egennamn – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egennamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina" title="Jina – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ngangan" title="ngangan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ngangan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பெயர் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/lalu" title="lalu – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="lalu" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="పేరు – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పేరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ชื่อ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngalan" title="Ngalan – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ngalan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad" title="Ad – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Исем – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Исем" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edin" title="Edin – twia" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Edin" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%27%D1%8F" title="Ім'я – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ім'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نام – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom" title="Nom – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_g%E1%BB%8Di" title="Tên gọi – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tên gọi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran" title="Ngaran – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ngaran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="名称 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="名称" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="נאמען – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאמען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%BAk%E1%BB%8D" title="Orúkọ – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orúkọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coh" title="Coh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Coh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="名称 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="名称" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D" title="名 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82799#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg/220px-Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg/330px-Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg/440px-Akitanieraren_aztarna_geografikoak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption> Aurkitu diren <a href="/wiki/Akitaniera" title="Akitaniera">akitanierazko</a> izenak erakusten dituen mapa. <a href="/wiki/Antzinaroa" title="Antzinaroa">Antzinaroan</a> hitz egiten zen akitaniera, eta <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskararen</a> aurrekaria da.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza" title="Hizkuntzalaritza">Hizkuntzalaritzan</a>, <b>izena</b> izaki, gauza edo haien multzo bat adierazteko erabiltzen den <a href="/wiki/Hitz" title="Hitz">hitza</a> da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena,_izen-sintagmaren_ardatz"><span id="Izena.2C_izen-sintagmaren_ardatz"></span>Izena, izen-sintagmaren ardatz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena, izen-sintagmaren ardatz»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izena, izen-sintagmaren ardatz"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen-sintagma izena ardatz duen egitura da. Beraz, izen-sintagmaren osagai nagusia izena da. Izenik gabe –agerian ez bada, ezkutuan– ez dago izen-sintagmarik. Honako hauek guztiak izen-sintagmak dira, eta guztietan ardatz-elementua edo izena bereiz daiteke: 1: <i><b>Gizon</b></i>a; 2: <i><b>Automobil</b></i> eder hura; 3: Parisko <i><b>neska</b></i> irribarretsua; 4: <i><b>Andoni</b></i>; 5: <i><b>Gu</b></i>. </p><p>Lehen hiru perpausetan, <i>Gizon</i>, <i>Automobil</i> eta <i>neska</i> izen arruntak dira; laugarreneko <i>Andoni</i>, izen nagusia; baina bosgarreneko <i>Gu</i>, izen-ordaina, hizketan ari den <b>pertsona</b> eta beste <b>pertsona</b> bat (edo batzuk) ordezkatzen dituelako, hots, izen batzuk. </p><p>Horiek guztiak izen-sintagmak dira, denak funtsean testuinguru berean ager baitaitezke, perpausaren subjektuaren lekuan adibidez, aditz-sintagma deitu ohi den osagaiaren aurrean: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IZEN-SINTAGMA</th> <th>ADITZ-SINTAGMA </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 <i>GIZONa</i></td> <td><i>zulora erori da</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 <i>AUTOMOBIL eder hura</i></td> <td><i>bazterrean dago</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 <i>Parisko NESKA irribarretsua</i></td> <td><i>atzo etorri zen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 <i>ANDONI</i></td> <td><i>dotorea da</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 <i>GU</i></td> <td><i>pozik ibili ginen</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Izenordain deitzen direnek ere izen-sintagmak osatzen dituzte. Gainera, ez dute inolako «lagunik» onartzen inguruan: berak bakarrik aski dira izen-sintagma osatzeko. Beraz, izenordainak ere izen-sintagmaren ardatz direnez, izentzat har daitezke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izenen_sailkapena">Izenen sailkapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenen sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izenen sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen guztiak ez dira mota berekoak: badira izen arruntak eta bereziak, zenbakarriak eta zenbakaitzak, eta abar. Ezaugarri bereizgarriak daudenez, horiexen araberako sailkapena egin da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esanahiaren_arabera">Esanahiaren arabera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Esanahiaren arabera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Esanahiaren arabera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esanahiaren aldetik, izenak modu honetan sailkatzen dira: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg/220px-Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg/330px-Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg/440px-Euskal_Herria_eta_ingurumaria_-_Ibaiak_-_Izenduna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herri" class="mw-redirect" title="Euskal Herri">Euskal Herriko</a> eta ingurumarietako <a href="/wiki/Hidronimo" title="Hidronimo">hidronimo</a> nagusiak.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antroponimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antroponimo (sortu gabe)">antroponimoak</a>, pertsonak izendatzeko erabiliak: besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Abizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abizen">abizenak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertsona-izen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertsona-izen">pertsona-izenak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hipokoristiko" title="Hipokoristiko">hipokoristikoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezizen" title="Ezizen">ezizenak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ezizen" title="Ezizen">goitizenak</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponimia" title="Toponimia">toponimoak</a> edo toki-izenak: haien artean, <a href="/wiki/Hidronimo" title="Hidronimo">hidronimoak</a> (ibaiak, aintzirak eta bestelako ur masak adieraztekoak), <a href="/wiki/Oronimo" title="Oronimo">oronimoak</a> (mendiak eta mendikateak adieraztekoak), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talasonimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talasonimo (sortu gabe)">talasonimoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Itsaso" title="Itsaso">itsasoak</a> adieraztekoak) eta <a href="/wiki/Kale_izen" title="Kale izen">odonimoak</a> (kale-, plaza-, hiribide-, errepide-izenak eta); eta</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoonimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoonimo (sortu gabe)">zoonimoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animaliak</a> adieraztekoak) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitonimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitonimo (sortu gabe)">fitonimoak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landareak</a>ak).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izen_arruntak_eta_izen_bereziak:_[±_arrunta]"><span id="Izen_arruntak_eta_izen_bereziak:_.5B.C2.B1_arrunta.5D"></span>Izen arruntak eta izen bereziak: [± arrunta]</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen arruntak eta izen bereziak: [± arrunta]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Izen arruntak eta izen bereziak: [± arrunta]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen batzuek ez dute mugatzailerik onartzen: <i>Jon</i>, <i>Bilbo</i>, <i>Axular</i>, etab. Halakoek beste inongo laguntzarik gabe izen-sintagmak osa ditzakete. Beste batzuek, berriz, izen-sintagma osatuko badute, nahitaezko dute mugatzailea edo, mugatzailerik izan gabe ere, bestelako determinatzaileren bat: <i>etxe</i>, <i>auto</i>, <i>maitasun</i>, <i>diru</i>, <i>mahats</i>, <i>liburu</i>, etab. Halakoek zenbait elementuz inguraturik ageri dira izen-sintagman: <i>etxe<b>ak</b></i>, <i>auto <b>hura</b></i>, <i>maitasun<b>a</b></i>, <i>diru <b>asko</b></i>, <i>mahats <b>ugari</b></i>, <i>liburu polit<b>a</b></i>, etab. Sintagma horiei, hurrenez hurren, <i>-ak</i>, <i>hura</i>, <i>-a</i>, <i>asko</i>, <i>ugari</i>, <i>-a</i>, etab. kenduz gero, herren geldituko lirateke, perpausean txertatuak agertzeko biderik gabe: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><i>Etxeak erosi ditut</i></td> <td><i>*Etxe erosi ditut</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Auto hura ikusi dugu</i></td> <td><i>*Auto ikusi dugu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Maitasuna beharrezkoa da</i></td> <td><i>*Maitasun beharrezkoa da</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Diru asko irabazi dute</i></td> <td><i>*Diru irabazi dute</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mahats ugari dago aurten</i></td> <td><i>*Mahats dago aurten</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Liburu polita irakurri dut</i></td> <td><i>*Liburu polit irakurri dut</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Horregatik, perpausen eraketa zuzenari begira, [±arrunta] ezaugarria izan behar da kontuan: </p> <ul><li><b>[+arrunta] ezaugarria duten izenak, arruntak alegia, mugatzailearekin agertzen dira.</b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>[-arrunta] direnek, berriz, ez dute mugatzailerik onartzen.</b></li></ul> <p>Izenordainei ere [-arrunta] ezaugarria dagokie, ez baitute mugatzailerik onartzen. Horrenbestez, izenordainak izaera berezia duten izenak dira. Beraz, [±izenordaina] ezaugarria ere kontuan izanez gero, euskal izenak honako multzo hauetan bana daitezke: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Izenen_sailkapena.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Izenen sailkapena"><img alt="Izenen sailkapena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Izenen_sailkapena.png/500px-Izenen_sailkapena.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Izenen_sailkapena.png/750px-Izenen_sailkapena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Izenen_sailkapena.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Izenen sailkapena</figcaption></figure> <p>Bereizketa horrek testuingurua du irizpide. Alegia, testuinguruan zer-nolako elementuak ager daitezkeen edo ager ez daitezkeen (mugatzailea, bereziki) hartzen da kontuan, ez besterik. Ohiko gramatiketan, ordea, esanahia ere kontuan hartu izan da izen arrunta eta arrunta ez dena, propioa, bereizteko. Esanahian oinarritzen den bereizketak, batez ere, ortografiari begira du garrantzia. <i>Bizkaia</i> edo <i>Jainkoa</i> mugatzailea duten izen-sintagmak dira, baina, erreferente bakarra dutenez, izen nagusiak direla esaten da, eta, horrenbestez, letra larriz idatzi behar direla. Baina, ortografia gorabehera, gramatikaren aldetik axola duen bereizketa zera da: izen batek mugatzailea behar duen ala ez. Alde horretatik, erreferente bakarra badu ere, <i>Jainko</i> edo <i>Azpeitia</i> bezalakoak izen arruntak direla esan behar da, bai batak bai besteak, biek, mugatzailea eskatzen baitute. Izen horiek deklinabide-markak hartzen dituzte, eta hor ere kontuan hartu behar da mugatzailea hor dutela: <i>JainkoAk</i>, <i>JainkoAri</i> (konpara bedi <i>gizonAk</i>, <i>gizonAri</i> sintagmarekin); <i>AzpeitiAn</i>, baina <i>Azpeititik</i>, <i>etxeAn</i> eta <i>etxetik</i> bezalaxe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izen_zenbakarriak_eta_zenbakaitzak:_[±_zenbakarria]"><span id="Izen_zenbakarriak_eta_zenbakaitzak:_.5B.C2.B1_zenbakarria.5D"></span>Izen zenbakarriak eta zenbakaitzak: [± zenbakarria]</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen zenbakarriak eta zenbakaitzak: [± zenbakarria]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Izen zenbakarriak eta zenbakaitzak: [± zenbakarria]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hau da izenen beste tasun bat. Izen bat positiboki zehaztua egon edo negatiboki zehaztua egon, ondorioak izango dira izen horren testuinguruan. Izen batzuk (<i>etxe</i>, <i>haur</i>, <i>lehoi</i>, etab.) zenbakarriak direla esan daiteke, zenbatu daitezkeen izakiak aipatzeko balio baitute: <i>etxe bat, bi, hamalau; haur bat, bi</i>, etab. Baina beste izen batzuk (<i>olio</i>, <i>mahats</i>, <i>irin</i>, <i>lur</i>…) zenbakaitzak dira: zenbatu ezin daitezkeen izakiei dagozkie. Beste batzuek, berriz, bietara joka dezakete, baina orduan adiera desberdinean hartzen dira. Esate baterako, <i>ardo</i> edo <i>kafe</i> izenak: ardoa, berez, ezin da zenbatu, baina <i>hiru ardo edan ditut</i> esaten denean, bistan da zenbakarri den zerbait aipatzen dela. hala ere, kasu horretan, ardoa ez da masa-izen gisa ikusten, zerbait konkretu eta zenbakarri gisa baizik, <i>hiru basokada ardo edan ditut</i> esango balitz bezala. </p><p>Alderantziz ere gerta daiteke: alegia, berez zenbakarria den izen bat (<i>harri</i>, esaterako) masa gisa ikus daiteke. Horregatik, honako bi esaldi hauek adiera desberdina dute. Batean <i>harri</i> [+zenb] izango da, eta bestean [-zenb]: a. <i>Harri asko bota ditugu errekara.</i> (ehun harri, adibidez) [+zenb] b. <i>Harri asko bota dugu bidean.</i> (kamioikada bat, adibidez) [- zenb] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izen_neurgarriak_eta_neurgaitzak:_[±_neurgarria]"><span id="Izen_neurgarriak_eta_neurgaitzak:_.5B.C2.B1_neurgarria.5D"></span>Izen neurgarriak eta neurgaitzak: [± neurgarria]</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen neurgarriak eta neurgaitzak: [± neurgarria]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Izen neurgarriak eta neurgaitzak: [± neurgarria]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen zenbakaitzen artean ere beste bereizketa bat egin daiteke. Izan ere, izen batzuek, zenbakaitzak izan arren, neur daitezkeen gaiak izen eratorriak aipatzeko balio dute. Adibidez, <i>olio</i> izenak zenbatu ezin daitekeen zerbait aipatzen du, baina «zer» hori neur daiteke, litroka, adibidez: '<b>Bost litro olio'</b>. Baina zenbakaitzak diren beste batzuk (<i>maitasun</i>, <i>su</i>, <i>lotsa</i>, etab.) ez dira neurtzen. Haietan intentsitatea ematen da aditzera kantitatea baino gehiago: <i>Lotsa ikaragarria ematen zidan.</i> <i>Su handia zegoen basoan.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izen_bizidunak_eta_izen_bizigabeak:_[±_biziduna]"><span id="Izen_bizidunak_eta_izen_bizigabeak:_.5B.C2.B1_biziduna.5D"></span>Izen bizidunak eta izen bizigabeak: [± biziduna]</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen bizidunak eta izen bizigabeak: [± biziduna]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Izen bizidunak eta izen bizigabeak: [± biziduna]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bereizketa horrek ere esanahia hartzen du kontuan, baina ondorio handiak ditu euskal sintaxian eta morfologian, deklinatzean desberdin joka baitezakete izen bizidunek eta bizigabeek: </p><p>a. <i>NeskaRENGAN jarri ditu begiak.</i> </p><p>b. <i>LiburuAN jarri ditu begiak.</i> </p><p><i>Neska</i>, <i>gizon</i>, <i>andre</i>, <i>jainko</i>, <i>Miren</i>, etab. izen bizidunak direla esaten da; <i>etxe</i>, <i>zeru</i>, <i>bide</i>, <i>ur</i>, <i>harri</i>, etab., berriz, izen bizigabeak. Landare-izenak, hala ere, bizigabetzat hartzen ditu euskarak. </p><p>Bestalde, bizidunak direnekin ere, deklinabide arrunta izan daiteke. Ondoko bi adibide hauek zilegi dira: </p><p>a. <i>Gizon batetik bestera aldea dago.</i> (ez, <i>*gizon batengandik besteagana</i>…). </p><p>b. <i>Gizon batengandik bestearengana joan zen.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izenen_sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera">Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi multzo bereizten dira, funtsean, izenetan: izen bakunak eta izen konplexuak. Konplexuak, beren aldetik, beste bi multzo handitan banatu daitezke: izen eratorriak eta izen elkartuak. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera"><img alt="Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png/400px-Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png/600px-Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Izen-sailkapena_barne-egituraren_arabera.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>Izenen sailkapena barne-egituraren arabera</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izen_bakunak_eta_izen_konplexuak">Izen bakunak eta izen konplexuak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen bakunak eta izen konplexuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Izen bakunak eta izen konplexuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen batean beste osagairik aurkitu ezin bada, esaten da izen hori bakuna dela. Adibidez, <i>etxe</i>, <i>haur</i>, <i>diru</i>, <i>txokolate</i> eta horrelakoak izen bakunak dira: hiztuna ez da gai hitz horietan hitz mailako edo hizki mailako (atzizki edo aurrizki mailako) beste osagairik aurkitzeko. Izen konplexuek, berriz, badituzte beste osagaiak beren barnean, eta, jakina, hitz hori osatzen duten osagai horiek egituratuak egon ohi dira. Adibidez, honako hauek hitz konplexuak dira: <i>banketxe</i> (<i>banku</i> + <i>etxe</i>), <i>gorritasun</i> (<i>gorri</i> + <i>tasun</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izen_eratorriak">Izen eratorriak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen eratorriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Izen eratorriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen eratorriak oinarri batez eta atzizki edo aurrizki batez osatuak dira. Oinarria hitz mailakoa izango da: beste izen bat, edo aditz bat edo adjektibo bat. Oinarri horri bestelako elementu bat erantsiko zaio. Euskaraz, batez ere atzizkiak dira oinarriei eransten zaizkienak. Beraz, hona zenbait izen eratorri: <i>egile</i>, <i>harrokeria</i>, <i>sukaldari</i> (adibide horietan oinarri desberdinak daude: <i>egin</i> aditza da; <i>harro</i>, adjektiboa; <i>sukalde</i>, izena. Gainera, <i>sukalde</i> izen elkartua da, <i>su</i> eta <i>alde</i> osagaiak aski erraz bereiz baitaitezke. Bestalde, -<i>le</i>, -<i>keria</i> eta -<i>ari</i> atzizkiak nolabait izenezkoak direla esaten da, izenak sorrarazteko erabiltzen baitira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izen_elkartuak">Izen elkartuak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izen elkartuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Izen elkartuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izen elkartuak hitz mailako osagaiz osatutako izenak dira. Gehienetan, bi izen dira elkartzen direnak, baina bestelako konbinazioak ere zilegi dira: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>izena + izena</th> <th>aditza + izena</th> <th>izena + adjek.</th> <th>adjek. + adjekt. </th></tr> <tr> <td>SEME-ALABA</td> <td>IDAZLAN</td> <td>UDABERRI</td> <td>LUZE-LABUR </td></tr> <tr> <td>KAFESNE</td> <td>IDAZMAKINA</td> <td>ZORION</td> <td>HOTZ-BERO </td></tr> <tr> <td>BEHI-ESNE</td> <td>JANTOKI</td> <td>GABONak</td> <td>TXURI-URDIN </td></tr> <tr> <td>ZAHAR-ETXE</td> <td>EGONGELA</td> <td>MUTILZAHAR</td> <td>GAZI-GOZO </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bestalde, gogoan izan, batez ere [izena+izena] tankerako izen elkartuetan, oinarriko bi izen horiek eratorriak izan daitezkeela. Adibidez, <i>kale-garbitzaile</i> eta <i>liburu-saltzaile</i> izen elkartuak dira, biak bi izenez osatuak baitira, baina bigarren osagaia, aldiz, izen eratorria da: <i>garbi</i> + -<i>tzaile</i>, <i>sal</i> + -<i>tzaile</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011-12-27 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82799" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q82799">Q82799</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Names">Names</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q82799%22">Q82799</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127959-1">4127959-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089592">sh85089592</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph139208">ph139208</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640933">10640933</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300404650">300404650</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/name">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009275">D009275</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82799" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q82799">Q82799</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Names">Names</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q82799%22">Q82799</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    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